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# file

File manipulation command.

    file(WRITE <filename> <content>...)
    file(APPEND <filename> <content>...)

Write `<content>` into a file called `<filename>`. If the file does not exist, it will be created. If the file already exists, `WRITE` mode will overwrite it and `APPEND` mode will append to the end. (If the file is a build input, use the `configure_file()` command to update the file only when its content changes.)

    file(READ <filename> <variable>
         [OFFSET <offset>] [LIMIT <max-in>] [HEX])

Read content from a file called `<filename>` and store it in a `<variable>`. Optionally start from the given `<offset>` and read at most `<max-in>` bytes. The `HEX` option causes data to be converted to a hexadecimal representation (useful for binary data).

    file(STRINGS <filename> <variable> [<options>...])

Parse a list of ASCII strings from `<filename>` and store it in `<variable>`. Binary data in the file are ignored. Carriage return (`\r`, CR) characters are ignored. The options are:

`LENGTH_MAXIMUM <max-len>`
  Consider only strings of at most a given length.
`LENGTH_MINIMUM <min-len>`
  Consider only strings of at least a given length.
`LIMIT_COUNT <max-num>`
  Limit the number of distinct strings to be extracted.
`LIMIT_INPUT <max-in>`
  Limit the number of input bytes to read from the file.
`LIMIT_OUTPUT <max-out>`
  Limit the number of total bytes to store in the `<variable>`.
`NEWLINE_CONSUME`
  Treat newline characters (`\n`, LF) as part of string content instead of terminating at them.
`NO_HEX_CONVERSION`
  Intel Hex and Motorola S-record files are automatically converted to binary while reading unless this option is given.
`REGEX <regex>`
  Consider only strings that match the given regular expression.
`ENCODING <encoding-type>`
  Consider strings of a given encoding. “UTF-8” is currently supported.

For example, the code

    file(STRINGS myfile.txt myfile)

stores a list in the variable `myfile` in which each item is a line from the input file.

    file(<MD5|SHA1|SHA224|SHA256|SHA384|SHA512> <filename> <variable>)

Compute a cryptographic hash of the content of `<filename>` and store it in a `<variable>`.

    file(GLOB <variable> [RELATIVE <path>] [<globbing-expressions>...])
    file(GLOB_RECURSE <variable> [RELATIVE <path>]
         [FOLLOW_SYMLINKS] [<globbing-expressions>...])

Generate a list of files that match the `<globbing-expressions>` and store it into the `<variable>`. Globbing expressions are similar to regular expressions, but much simpler. If `RELATIVE` flag is specified, the results will be returned as relative paths to the given path.

Note

We do not recommend using GLOB to collect a list of source files from your source tree. If no CMakeLists.txt file changes when a source is added or removed then the generated build system cannot know when to ask CMake to regenerate.

Examples of globbing expressions include:

    *.cxx      - match all files with extension cxx
    *.vt?      - match all files with extension vta,...,vtz
    f[3-5].txt - match files f3.txt, f4.txt, f5.txt

The `GLOB_RECURSE` mode will traverse all the subdirectories of the matched directory and match the files. Subdirectories that are symlinks are only traversed if `FOLLOW_SYMLINKS` is given or policy `CMP0009` is not set to `NEW`.

Examples of recursive globbing include:

    /dir/*.py  - match all python files in /dir and subdirectories

    file(RENAME <oldname> <newname>)

Move a file or directory within a filesystem from `<oldname>` to `<newname>`, replacing the destination atomically.

    file(REMOVE [<files>...])
    file(REMOVE_RECURSE [<files>...])

Remove the given files. The `REMOVE_RECURSE` mode will remove the given files and directories, also non-empty directories

    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY [<directories>...])

Create the given directories and their parents as needed.

    file(RELATIVE_PATH <variable> <directory> <file>)

Compute the relative path from a `<directory>` to a `<file>` and store it in the `<variable>`.

    file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "<path>" <variable>)
    file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "<path>" <variable>)

The `TO_CMAKE_PATH` mode converts a native `<path>` into a cmake-style path with forward-slashes (`/`). The input can be a single path or a system search path like `$ENV{PATH}`. A search path will be converted to a cmake-style list separated by `;` characters.

The `TO_NATIVE_PATH` mode converts a cmake-style `<path>` into a native path with platform-specific slashes (`\` on Windows and `/` elsewhere).

Always use double quotes around the `<path>` to be sure it is treated as a single argument to this command.

    file(DOWNLOAD <url> <file> [<options>...])
    file(UPLOAD   <file> <url> [<options>...])

The `DOWNLOAD` mode downloads the given `<url>` to a local `<file>`. The `UPLOAD` mode uploads a local `<file>` to a given `<url>`.

Options to both `DOWNLOAD` and `UPLOAD` are:

`INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT <seconds>`
  Terminate the operation after a period of inactivity.
`LOG <variable>`
  Store a human-readable log of the operation in a variable.
`SHOW_PROGRESS`
  Print progress information as status messages until the operation is complete.
`STATUS <variable>`
  Store the resulting status of the operation in a variable. The status is a `;` separated list of length 2. The first element is the numeric return value for the operation, and the second element is a string value for the error. A `0` numeric error means no error in the operation.
`TIMEOUT <seconds>`
  Terminate the operation after a given total time has elapsed.

Additional options to `DOWNLOAD` are:

`EXPECTED_HASH ALGO=<value>`

> Verify that the downloaded content hash matches the expected value, where `ALGO` is one of `MD5`, `SHA1`, `SHA224`, `SHA256`, `SHA384`, or `SHA512`. If it does not match, the operation fails with an error.

`EXPECTED_MD5 <value>`
  Historical short-hand for `EXPECTED_HASH MD5=<value>`.
`TLS_VERIFY <ON|OFF>`
  Specify whether to verify the server certificate for `https://` URLs. The default is to not verify.
`TLS_CAINFO <file>`
  Specify a custom Certificate Authority file for `https://` URLs.

For `https://` URLs CMake must be built with OpenSSL support. `TLS/SSL` certificates are not checked by default. Set `TLS_VERIFY` to `ON` to check certificates and/or use `EXPECTED_HASH` to verify downloaded content. If neither `TLS` option is given CMake will check variables `CMAKE_TLS_VERIFY` and `CMAKE_TLS_CAINFO`, respectively.

    file(TIMESTAMP <filename> <variable> [<format>] [UTC])

Compute a string representation of the modification time of `<filename>` and store it in `<variable>`. Should the command be unable to obtain a timestamp variable will be set to the empty string (“”).

See the `string(TIMESTAMP)` command for documentation of the `<format>` and `UTC` options.

    file(GENERATE OUTPUT output-file
         <INPUT input-file|CONTENT content>
         [CONDITION expression])

Generate an output file for each build configuration supported by the current `CMake Generator`. Evaluate `generator expressions` from the input content to produce the output content. The options are:

`CONDITION <condition>`
  Generate the output file for a particular configuration only if the condition is true. The condition must be either `0` or `1` after evaluating generator expressions.
`CONTENT <content>`
  Use the content given explicitly as input.
`INPUT <input-file>`
  Use the content from a given file as input.
`OUTPUT <output-file>`
  Specify the output file name to generate. Use generator expressions such as `$<CONFIG>` to specify a configuration-specific output file name. Multiple configurations may generate the same output file only if the generated content is identical. Otherwise, the `<output-file>` must evaluate to an unique name for each configuration.

Exactly one `CONTENT` or `INPUT` option must be given. A specific `OUTPUT` file may be named by at most one invocation of `file(GENERATE)`. Generated files are modified on subsequent cmake runs only if their content is changed.

    file(<COPY|INSTALL> <files>... DESTINATION <dir>
         [FILE_PERMISSIONS <permissions>...]
         [DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS <permissions>...]
         [NO_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS] [USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS]
         [FILES_MATCHING]
         [[PATTERN <pattern> | REGEX <regex>]
          [EXCLUDE] [PERMISSIONS <permissions>...]] [...])

The `COPY` signature copies files, directories, and symlinks to a destination folder. Relative input paths are evaluated with respect to the current source directory, and a relative destination is evaluated with respect to the current build directory. Copying preserves input file timestamps, and optimizes out a file if it exists at the destination with the same timestamp. Copying preserves input permissions unless explicit permissions or `NO_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS` are given (default is `USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS`). See the `install(DIRECTORY)` command for documentation of permissions, `PATTERN`, `REGEX`, and `EXCLUDE` options.

The `INSTALL` signature differs slightly from `COPY`: it prints status messages (subject to the `CMAKE_INSTALL_MESSAGE` variable), and `NO_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS` is default. Installation scripts generated by the `install()` command use this signature (with some undocumented options for internal use).

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