Bidang formulir¶

class Field(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

When you create a Form class, the most important part is defining the fields of the form. Each field has custom validation logic, along with a few other hooks.

Field.clean(value)[sumber]¶

Although the primary way you’ll use Field classes is in Form classes, you can also instantiate them and use them directly to get a better idea of how they work. Each Field instance has a clean() method, which takes a single argument and either raises a django.forms.ValidationError exception or returns the clean value:

>>> from django import forms
>>> f = forms.EmailField()
>>> f.clean('foo@example.com')
'foo@example.com'
>>> f.clean('invalid email address')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['Enter a valid email address.']

Argumen bidang inti¶

Each Field class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some Field classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following should always be accepted:

`required`¶

Field.required¶

By default, each Field class assumes the value is required, so if you pass an empty value – either None or the empty string ("") – then clean() will raise a ValidationError exception:

>>> from django import forms
>>> f = forms.CharField()
>>> f.clean('foo')
'foo'
>>> f.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
>>> f.clean(None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
>>> f.clean(' ')
' '
>>> f.clean(0)
'0'
>>> f.clean(True)
'True'
>>> f.clean(False)
'False'

Untuk menentukan bahwa bidang adalah tidak diwajibkan, lewatkan required=False ke pembangun Field:

>>> f = forms.CharField(required=False)
>>> f.clean('foo')
'foo'
>>> f.clean('')
''
>>> f.clean(None)
''
>>> f.clean(0)
'0'
>>> f.clean(True)
'True'
>>> f.clean(False)
'False'

If a Field has required=False and you pass clean() an empty value, then clean() will return a normalized empty value rather than raising ValidationError. For CharField, this will be a Unicode empty string. For other Field classes, it might be None. (This varies from field to field.)

Widgets of required form fields have the required HTML attribute. Set the Form.use_required_attribute attribute to False to disable it. The required attribute isn’t included on forms of formsets because the browser validation may not be correct when adding and deleting formsets.

New in Django 1.10:

Support for the required HTML attribute was added.

`label`¶

Field.label¶

The label argument lets you specify the “human-friendly” label for this field. This is used when the Field is displayed in a Form.

As explained in “Outputting forms as HTML” above, the default label for a Field is generated from the field name by converting all underscores to spaces and upper-casing the first letter. Specify label if that default behavior doesn’t result in an adequate label.

Here’s a full example Form that implements label for two of its fields. We’ve specified auto_id=False to simplify the output:

>>> from django import forms
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(label='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(label='Your website', required=False)
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Your name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Your website:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required /></td></tr>

`label_suffix`¶

Field.label_suffix¶

The label_suffix argument lets you override the form’s label_suffix on a per-field basis:

>>> class ContactForm(forms.Form):
...     age = forms.IntegerField()
...     nationality = forms.CharField()
...     captcha_answer = forms.IntegerField(label='2 + 2', label_suffix=' =')
>>> f = ContactForm(label_suffix='?')
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p><label for="id_age">Age?</label> <input id="id_age" name="age" type="number" required /></p>
<p><label for="id_nationality">Nationality?</label> <input id="id_nationality" name="nationality" type="text" required /></p>
<p><label for="id_captcha_answer">2 + 2 =</label> <input id="id_captcha_answer" name="captcha_answer" type="number" required /></p>

`initial`¶

Field.initial¶

The initial argument lets you specify the initial value to use when rendering this Field in an unbound Form.

Untuk menentukan data awal dinamis, lihat parameter Form.initial.

The use-case for this is when you want to display an “empty” form in which a field is initialized to a particular value. For example:

>>> from django import forms
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required /></td></tr>

You may be thinking, why not just pass a dictionary of the initial values as data when displaying the form? Well, if you do that, you’ll trigger validation, and the HTML output will include any validation errors:

>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField()
...     url = forms.URLField()
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> default_data = {'name': 'Your name', 'url': 'http://'}
>>> f = CommentForm(default_data, auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Url:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid URL.</li></ul><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="comment" required /></td></tr>

This is why initial values are only displayed for unbound forms. For bound forms, the HTML output will use the bound data.

Also note that initial values are not used as “fallback” data in validation if a particular field’s value is not given. initial values are only intended for initial form display:

>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> data = {'name': '', 'url': '', 'comment': 'Foo'}
>>> f = CommentForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
False
# The form does *not* fall back to using the initial values.
>>> f.errors
{'url': ['This field is required.'], 'name': ['This field is required.']}

Instead of a constant, you can also pass any callable:

>>> import datetime
>>> class DateForm(forms.Form):
...     day = forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
>>> print(DateForm())
<tr><th>Day:</th><td><input type="text" name="day" value="12/23/2008" required /><td></tr>

The callable will be evaluated only when the unbound form is displayed, not when it is defined.

`help_text`¶

Field.help_text¶

The help_text argument lets you specify descriptive text for this Field. If you provide help_text, it will be displayed next to the Field when the Field is rendered by one of the convenience Form methods (e.g., as_ul()).

Like the model field’s help_text, this value isn’t HTML-escaped in automatically-generated forms.

Here’s a full example Form that implements help_text for two of its fields. We’ve specified auto_id=False to simplify the output:

>>> from django import forms
>>> class HelpTextContactForm(forms.Form):
...     subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='100 characters max.')
...     message = forms.CharField()
...     sender = forms.EmailField(help_text='A valid email address, please.')
...     cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
>>> f = HelpTextContactForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f.as_table())
<tr><th>Subject:</th><td><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required /><br /><span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></td></tr>
<tr><th>Message:</th><td><input type="text" name="message" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Sender:</th><td><input type="email" name="sender" required /><br />A valid email address, please.</td></tr>
<tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></td></tr>
>>> print(f.as_ul()))
<li>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required /> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></li>
<li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required /></li>
<li>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required /> A valid email address, please.</li>
<li>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></li>
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required /> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></p>
<p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required /></p>
<p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required /> A valid email address, please.</p>
<p>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></p>

`error_messages`¶

Field.error_messages¶

The error_messages argument lets you override the default messages that the field will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you want to override. For example, here is the default error message:

>>> from django import forms
>>> generic = forms.CharField()
>>> generic.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']

Dan ini adalah pesan kesalahan penyesuaian:

>>> name = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'Please enter your name'})
>>> name.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValidationError: ['Please enter your name']

In the built-in Field classes section below, each Field defines the error message keys it uses.

`validators`¶

Field.validators¶

Argumen validators membiarkan anda menyediakan daftar dari fungsi pengecekan untuk bidang ini.

Lihat validators documentation untuk informasi lebih.

`localize`¶

Field.localize¶

The localize argument enables the localization of form data input, as well as the rendered output.

Lihat dokuemntasi format localization untuk informasi lebih.

`disabled`¶

Field.disabled¶

New in Django 1.9.

The disabled boolean argument, when set to True, disables a form field using the disabled HTML attribute so that it won’t be editable by users. Even if a user tampers with the field’s value submitted to the server, it will be ignored in favor of the value from the form’s initial data.

Memeriksa jika data bidang telah berubah¶

`has_changed()`¶

Field.has_changed()[sumber]¶

The has_changed() method is used to determine if the field value has changed from the initial value. Returns True or False.

Lihat dokumentasi Form.has_changed() untuk informasi lebih.

Built-in `Field` classes¶

Naturally, the forms library comes with a set of Field classes that represent common validation needs. This section documents each built-in field.

For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don’t specify widget. We also specify the value returned when you provide an empty value (see the section on required above to understand what that means).

`BooleanField`¶

class BooleanField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: CheckboxInput
Nilai kosong: False
Normalizes to: A Python True or False value.
Validates that the value is True (e.g. the check box is checked) if the field has required=True.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required

Catatan

Since all Field subclasses have required=True by default, the validation condition here is important. If you want to include a boolean in your form that can be either True or False (e.g. a checked or unchecked checkbox), you must remember to pass in required=False when creating the BooleanField.

`CharField`¶

class CharField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
Mensahkan max_length atau min_length, jika mereka disediakan. Jika tidak, semua masukan adalah sah.
Error message keys: required, max_length, min_length

Has three optional arguments for validation:

max_length¶

min_length¶

If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the given length.

strip¶: New in Django 1.9.

Jika True (awalan), nilai akan dilucuti dari terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong.

`ChoiceField`¶

class ChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Default widget: Select
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
Validates that the given value exists in the list of choices.
Error message keys: required, invalid_choice

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

Takes one extra required argument:

choices¶: Either an iterable (e.g., a list or tuple) of 2-tuples to use as choices for this field, or a callable that returns such an iterable. This argument accepts the same formats as the choices argument to a model field. See the model field reference documentation on choices for more details. If the argument is a callable, it is evaluated each time the field’s form is initialized.

`TypedChoiceField`¶

class TypedChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Just like a ChoiceField, except TypedChoiceField takes two extra arguments, coerce and empty_value.

Default widget: Select
Empty value: Whatever you’ve given as empty_value.
Normalizes to: A value of the type provided by the coerce argument.
Validates that the given value exists in the list of choices and can be coerced.
Error message keys: required, invalid_choice

Mengambil argumen tambahan:

coerce¶: A function that takes one argument and returns a coerced value. Examples include the built-in int, float, bool and other types. Defaults to an identity function. Note that coercion happens after input validation, so it is possible to coerce to a value not present in choices.

empty_value¶: The value to use to represent “empty.” Defaults to the empty string; None is another common choice here. Note that this value will not be coerced by the function given in the coerce argument, so choose it accordingly.

`DateField`¶

class DateField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: DateInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python datetime.date object.
Validates that the given value is either a datetime.date, datetime.datetime or string formatted in a particular date format.
Error message keys: required, invalid

Takes one optional argument:

input_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.date object.

If no input_formats argument is provided, the default input formats are:

['%Y-%m-%d',      # '2006-10-25'
 '%m/%d/%Y',      # '10/25/2006'
 '%m/%d/%y']      # '10/25/06'

Additionally, if you specify USE_L10N=False in your settings, the following will also be included in the default input formats:

['%b %d %Y',      # 'Oct 25 2006'
 '%b %d, %Y',     # 'Oct 25, 2006'
 '%d %b %Y',      # '25 Oct 2006'
 '%d %b, %Y',     # '25 Oct, 2006'
 '%B %d %Y',      # 'October 25 2006'
 '%B %d, %Y',     # 'October 25, 2006'
 '%d %B %Y',      # '25 October 2006'
 '%d %B, %Y']     # '25 October, 2006'

Lihat juga format localization.

`DateTimeField`¶

class DateTimeField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: DateTimeInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python datetime.datetime object.
Validates that the given value is either a datetime.datetime, datetime.date or string formatted in a particular datetime format.
Error message keys: required, invalid

Takes one optional argument:

input_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.datetime object.

If no input_formats argument is provided, the default input formats are:

['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',    # '2006-10-25 14:30:59'
 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',       # '2006-10-25 14:30'
 '%Y-%m-%d',             # '2006-10-25'
 '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/2006 14:30:59'
 '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',       # '10/25/2006 14:30'
 '%m/%d/%Y',             # '10/25/2006'
 '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/06 14:30:59'
 '%m/%d/%y %H:%M',       # '10/25/06 14:30'
 '%m/%d/%y']             # '10/25/06'

Lihat juga format localization.

`DecimalField`¶

class DecimalField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Default widget: NumberInput when Field.localize is False, else TextInput.
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python decimal.
Pengesahan yang nilai yang diberikan adalah desimal. Terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong diabaikan.
Error message keys: required, invalid, max_value, min_value, max_digits, max_decimal_places, max_whole_digits

The max_value and min_value error messages may contain %(limit_value)s, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit. Similarly, the max_digits, max_decimal_places and max_whole_digits error messages may contain %(max)s.

Mengambil empat argumen pilihan:

max_value¶

min_value¶: Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan dalam bidang, dan harus diberikan sebagai nilai decimal.Decimal.

max_digits¶: The maximum number of digits (those before the decimal point plus those after the decimal point, with leading zeros stripped) permitted in the value.

decimal_places¶: Angka maksimal dari tempat desimal yang diizinkan.

`DurationField`¶

class DurationField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python timedelta.
Validates that the given value is a string which can be converted into a timedelta.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid.

Accepts any format understood by parse_duration().

`EmailField`¶

class EmailField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: EmailInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
Validates that the given value is a valid email address, using a moderately complex regular expression.
Error message keys: required, invalid

Has two optional arguments for validation, max_length and min_length. If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the given length.

`FileField`¶

class FileField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: ClearableFileInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: An UploadedFile object that wraps the file content and file name into a single object.
Can validate that non-empty file data has been bound to the form.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, missing, empty, max_length

Has two optional arguments for validation, max_length and allow_empty_file. If provided, these ensure that the file name is at most the given length, and that validation will succeed even if the file content is empty.

To learn more about the UploadedFile object, see the file uploads documentation.

When you use a FileField in a form, you must also remember to bind the file data to the form.

The max_length error refers to the length of the filename. In the error message for that key, %(max)d will be replaced with the maximum filename length and %(length)d will be replaced with the current filename length.

`FilePathField`¶

class FilePathField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Default widget: Select
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A unicode object
Validates that the selected choice exists in the list of choices.
Error message keys: required, invalid_choice

The field allows choosing from files inside a certain directory. It takes five extra arguments; only path is required:

path¶: Jalur mutlak ke pelipat yang isinya anda ingin daftarkan. Pelipat harus ada.

recursive¶: If False (the default) only the direct contents of path will be offered as choices. If True, the directory will be descended into recursively and all descendants will be listed as choices.

match¶: A regular expression pattern; only files with names matching this expression will be allowed as choices.

allow_files¶: Optional. Either True or False. Default is True. Specifies whether files in the specified location should be included. Either this or allow_folders must be True.

allow_folders¶: Optional. Either True or False. Default is False. Specifies whether folders in the specified location should be included. Either this or allow_files must be True.

`FloatField`¶

class FloatField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Default widget: NumberInput when Field.localize is False, else TextInput.
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python float.
Pengesahan yang nilai diberikan adalah float. Terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong adalah diizinkan, seperti di fungsi float() Python.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value

Takes two optional arguments for validation, max_value and min_value. These control the range of values permitted in the field.

`ImageField`¶

class ImageField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: ClearableFileInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: An UploadedFile object that wraps the file content and file name into a single object.
Validates that file data has been bound to the form, and that the file is of an image format understood by Pillow.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, missing, empty, invalid_image

Using an ImageField requires that Pillow is installed with support for the image formats you use. If you encounter a corrupt image error when you upload an image, it usually means that Pillow doesn’t understand its format. To fix this, install the appropriate library and reinstall Pillow.

When you use an ImageField on a form, you must also remember to bind the file data to the form.

After the field has been cleaned and validated, the UploadedFile object will have an additional image attribute containing the Pillow Image instance used to check if the file was a valid image. Also, UploadedFile.content_type will be updated with the image’s content type if Pillow can determine it, otherwise it will be set to None.

`IntegerField`¶

class IntegerField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Default widget: NumberInput when Field.localize is False, else TextInput.
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python integer or long integer.
Pengesahan yang nilai diberikan adalah integer. Terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong adalah diizinkan, seperti di fungsi int() Python.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value

The max_value and min_value error messages may contain %(limit_value)s, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit.

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

max_value¶

min_value¶

Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan di bidang.

`GenericIPAddressField`¶

class GenericIPAddressField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Bidang mengandung antara alamat IPv4 atau IPv6.

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object. IPv6 addresses are normalized as described below.
Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah alamat IP sah.
Error message keys: required, invalid

The IPv6 address normalization follows RFC 4291#section-2.2 section 2.2, including using the IPv4 format suggested in paragraph 3 of that section, like ::ffff:192.0.2.0. For example, 2001:0::0:01 would be normalized to 2001::1, and ::ffff:0a0a:0a0a to ::ffff:10.10.10.10. All characters are converted to lowercase.

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

protocol¶: Limits valid inputs to the specified protocol. Accepted values are both (default), IPv4 or IPv6. Matching is case insensitive.

unpack_ipv4¶: Unpacks IPv4 mapped addresses like ::ffff:192.0.2.1. If this option is enabled that address would be unpacked to 192.0.2.1. Default is disabled. Can only be used when protocol is set to 'both'.

`MultipleChoiceField`¶

class MultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: SelectMultiple
Nilai kosong: [] (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A list of Unicode objects.
Mensahkan bahwa nilai di daftar yang diberikan dari nilai yang ada di daftar pilihan.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, invalid_list

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

Mengambil satu tambahan argumen wajib, choices, tentang ChoiceField.

`TypedMultipleChoiceField`¶

class TypedMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Just like a MultipleChoiceField, except TypedMultipleChoiceField takes two extra arguments, coerce and empty_value.

Widget awal: SelectMultiple
Empty value: Whatever you’ve given as empty_value
Normalizes to: A list of values of the type provided by the coerce argument.
Validates that the given values exists in the list of choices and can be coerced.
Error message keys: required, invalid_choice

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

Takes two extra arguments, coerce and empty_value, as for TypedChoiceField.

`NullBooleanField`¶

class NullBooleanField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: :class:`TypedMultipleChoiceField`
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python True, False or None value.
Validates nothing (i.e., it never raises a ValidationError).

`RegexField`¶

class RegexField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
Validates that the given value matches against a certain regular expression.
Error message keys: required, invalid

Mengambil satu argumen diwajibkan:

regex¶: A regular expression specified either as a string or a compiled regular expression object.

Also takes max_length, min_length, and strip, which work just as they do for CharField.

strip¶: New in Django 1.9.

Defaults to False. If enabled, stripping will be applied before the regex validation.

`SlugField`¶

class SlugField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
Validates that the given value contains only letters, numbers, underscores, and hyphens.
Pesan kesalahan: required, invalid.

Bidang ini dimaksudkan untuk digunakan dalam mewakilkan model SlugField di formulir.

Mengambil sebuah parameter pilihan:

allow_unicode¶: New in Django 1.9.

A boolean instructing the field to accept Unicode letters in addition to ASCII letters. Defaults to False.

`TimeField`¶

class TimeField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python datetime.time object.
Validates that the given value is either a datetime.time or string formatted in a particular time format.
Error message keys: required, invalid

Takes one optional argument:

input_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.time object.

If no input_formats argument is provided, the default input formats are:

'%H:%M:%S',     # '14:30:59'
'%H:%M',        # '14:30'

`URLField`¶

class URLField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: URLInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah URL sah.
Error message keys: required, invalid

Mengambil argumen pilihan berikut:

max_length¶

min_length¶

Ini adalah sama seperti CharField.max_length dan CharField.min_length.

`UUIDField`¶

class UUIDField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A UUID object.
Error message keys: required, invalid

This field will accept any string format accepted as the hex argument to the UUID constructor.

Slightly complex built-in `Field` classes¶

`ComboField`¶

class ComboField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
Validates the given value against each of the fields specified as an argument to the ComboField.
Error message keys: required, invalid

Takes one extra required argument:

fields¶

The list of fields that should be used to validate the field’s value (in the order in which they are provided).

>>> from django.forms import ComboField
>>> f = ComboField(fields=[CharField(max_length=20), EmailField()])
>>> f.clean('test@example.com')
'test@example.com'
>>> f.clean('longemailaddress@example.com')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['Ensure this value has at most 20 characters (it has 28).']

`MultiValueField`¶

class MultiValueField(fields=(), **kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: the type returned by the compress method of the subclass.
Validates the given value against each of the fields specified as an argument to the MultiValueField.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, incomplete

Aggregates the logic of multiple fields that together produce a single value.

This field is abstract and must be subclassed. In contrast with the single-value fields, subclasses of MultiValueField must not implement clean() but instead - implement compress().

Takes one extra required argument:

fields¶: A tuple of fields whose values are cleaned and subsequently combined into a single value. Each value of the field is cleaned by the corresponding field in fields – the first value is cleaned by the first field, the second value is cleaned by the second field, etc. Once all fields are cleaned, the list of clean values is combined into a single value by compress().

Juga mengambil satu argumen pilihan tambahan:

require_all_fields¶

Defaults to True, in which case a required validation error will be raised if no value is supplied for any field.

When set to False, the Field.required attribute can be set to False for individual fields to make them optional. If no value is supplied for a required field, an incomplete validation error will be raised.

A default incomplete error message can be defined on the MultiValueField subclass, or different messages can be defined on each individual field. For example:

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

class PhoneField(MultiValueField):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Define one message for all fields.
        error_messages = {
            'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
        }
        # Or define a different message for each field.
        fields = (
            CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
                validators=[
                    RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
                ],
            ),
            CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
            ),
            CharField(
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
                required=False,
            ),
        )
        super(PhoneField, self).__init__(
            error_messages=error_messages, fields=fields,
            require_all_fields=False, *args, **kwargs
        )

widget¶: Must be a subclass of django.forms.MultiWidget. Default value is TextInput, which probably is not very useful in this case.

compress(data_list)[sumber]¶

Takes a list of valid values and returns a “compressed” version of those values – in a single value. For example, SplitDateTimeField is a subclass which combines a time field and a date field into a datetime object.

Cara ini harus diterapkan di subkelas.

`SplitDateTimeField`¶

class SplitDateTimeField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: SplitDateTimeWidget
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python datetime.datetime object.
Validates that the given value is a datetime.datetime or string formatted in a particular datetime format.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, invalid_date, invalid_time

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

input_date_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.date object.

If no input_date_formats argument is provided, the default input formats for DateField are used.

input_time_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.time object.

If no input_time_formats argument is provided, the default input formats for TimeField are used.

Fields which handle relationships¶

Two fields are available for representing relationships between models: ModelChoiceField and ModelMultipleChoiceField. Both of these fields require a single queryset parameter that is used to create the choices for the field. Upon form validation, these fields will place either one model object (in the case of ModelChoiceField) or multiple model objects (in the case of ModelMultipleChoiceField) into the cleaned_data dictionary of the form.

For more complex uses, you can specify queryset=None when declaring the form field and then populate the queryset in the form’s __init__() method:

class FooMultipleChoiceForm(forms.Form):
    foo_select = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=None)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(FooMultipleChoiceForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['foo_select'].queryset = ...

`ModelChoiceField`¶

class ModelChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Default widget: Select
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A model instance.
Validates that the given id exists in the queryset.
Error message keys: required, invalid_choice

Allows the selection of a single model object, suitable for representing a foreign key. Note that the default widget for ModelChoiceField becomes impractical when the number of entries increases. You should avoid using it for more than 100 items.

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

queryset¶: A QuerySet of model objects from which the choices for the field will be derived, and which will be used to validate the user’s selection.

ModelChoiceField juga mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

empty_label¶

By default the <select> widget used by ModelChoiceField will have an empty choice at the top of the list. You can change the text of this label (which is "---------" by default) with the empty_label attribute, or you can disable the empty label entirely by setting empty_label to None:

# A custom empty label
field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label="(Nothing)")

# No empty label
field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label=None)

Note that if a ModelChoiceField is required and has a default initial value, no empty choice is created (regardless of the value of empty_label).

to_field_name¶

This optional argument is used to specify the field to use as the value of the choices in the field’s widget. Be sure it’s a unique field for the model, otherwise the selected value could match more than one object. By default it is set to None, in which case the primary key of each object will be used. For example:

# No custom to_field_name
field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=...)

akan menghasilkan:

<select id="id_field1" name="field1">
<option value="obj1.pk">Object1</option>
<option value="obj2.pk">Object2</option>
...
</select>

dan:

# to_field_name provided
field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., to_field_name="name")

akan menghasilkan:

<select id="id_field2" name="field2">
<option value="obj1.name">Object1</option>
<option value="obj2.name">Object2</option>
...
</select>

The __str__ (__unicode__ on Python 2) method of the model will be called to generate string representations of the objects for use in the field’s choices; to provide customized representations, subclass ModelChoiceField and override label_from_instance. This method will receive a model object, and should return a string suitable for representing it. For example:

from django.forms import ModelChoiceField

class MyModelChoiceField(ModelChoiceField):
    def label_from_instance(self, obj):
        return "My Object #%i" % obj.id

`ModelMultipleChoiceField`¶

class ModelMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: SelectMultiple
Empty value: An empty QuerySet (self.queryset.none())
Normalizes to: A QuerySet of model instances.
Validates that every id in the given list of values exists in the queryset.
Error message keys: required, list, invalid_choice, invalid_pk_value

The invalid_choice message may contain %(value)s and the invalid_pk_value message may contain %(pk)s, which will be substituted by the appropriate values.

Allows the selection of one or more model objects, suitable for representing a many-to-many relation. As with ModelChoiceField, you can use label_from_instance to customize the object representations.

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

queryset¶: Sama seperti ModelChoiceField.queryset.

Takes one optional argument:

to_field_name¶: Sama seperti ModelChoiceField.to_field_name.

Membuat bidang penyesuaian¶

If the built-in Field classes don’t meet your needs, you can easily create custom Field classes. To do this, just create a subclass of django.forms.Field. Its only requirements are that it implement a clean() method and that its __init__() method accept the core arguments mentioned above (required, label, initial, widget, help_text).

Anda dapat juga menyesuaikan bagaimana bidang akan diakses dengan mengesampingkan get_bound_field().

Bidang formulir¶

Argumen bidang inti¶

required¶

label¶

label_suffix¶

initial¶

widget¶

help_text¶

error_messages¶

validators¶

localize¶

disabled¶

Memeriksa jika data bidang telah berubah¶

has_changed()¶

Built-in Field classes¶

BooleanField¶

CharField¶

ChoiceField¶

TypedChoiceField¶

DateField¶

DateTimeField¶

DecimalField¶

DurationField¶

EmailField¶

FileField¶

FilePathField¶

FloatField¶

ImageField¶

IntegerField¶

GenericIPAddressField¶

MultipleChoiceField¶

TypedMultipleChoiceField¶

NullBooleanField¶

RegexField¶

SlugField¶

TimeField¶

URLField¶

UUIDField¶

Slightly complex built-in Field classes¶

ComboField¶

MultiValueField¶

SplitDateTimeField¶

Fields which handle relationships¶

ModelChoiceField¶

ModelMultipleChoiceField¶

Membuat bidang penyesuaian¶

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`required`¶

`label`¶

`label_suffix`¶

`initial`¶

`widget`¶

`help_text`¶

`error_messages`¶

`validators`¶

`localize`¶

`disabled`¶

`has_changed()`¶

Built-in `Field` classes¶

`BooleanField`¶

`CharField`¶

`ChoiceField`¶

`TypedChoiceField`¶

`DateField`¶

`DateTimeField`¶

`DecimalField`¶

`DurationField`¶

`EmailField`¶

`FileField`¶

`FilePathField`¶

`FloatField`¶

`ImageField`¶

`IntegerField`¶

`GenericIPAddressField`¶

`MultipleChoiceField`¶

`TypedMultipleChoiceField`¶

`NullBooleanField`¶

`RegexField`¶

`SlugField`¶

`TimeField`¶

`URLField`¶

`UUIDField`¶

Slightly complex built-in `Field` classes¶

`ComboField`¶

`MultiValueField`¶

`SplitDateTimeField`¶

`ModelChoiceField`¶

`ModelMultipleChoiceField`¶