diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.adoc b/Documentation/git-reflog.adoc
index 412f06b8fec57af102befc4b05079bdfb42598b6..34232a539a7e21a31f8a118ea28da56058cc06a7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reflog.adoc
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.adoc
@@ -8,16 +8,17 @@ git-reflog - Manage reflog information
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-[verse]
-'git reflog' [show] [<log-options>] [<ref>]
-'git reflog list'
-'git reflog expire' [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]
+[synopsis]
+git reflog [show] [<log-options>] [<ref>]
+git reflog list
+git reflog exists <ref>
+git reflog write <ref> <old-oid> <new-oid> <message>
+git reflog delete [--rewrite] [--updateref]
+	[--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] <ref>@{<specifier>}...
+git reflog drop [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...]
+git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]
 	[--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix]
 	[--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...]
-'git reflog delete' [--rewrite] [--updateref]
-	[--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] <ref>@{<specifier>}...
-'git reflog drop' [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...]
-'git reflog exists' <ref>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -43,11 +44,15 @@ actions, and in addition the `HEAD` reflog records branch switching.
 
 The "list" subcommand lists all refs which have a corresponding reflog.
 
-The "expire" subcommand prunes older reflog entries. Entries older
-than `expire` time, or entries older than `expire-unreachable` time
-and not reachable from the current tip, are removed from the reflog.
-This is typically not used directly by end users -- instead, see
-linkgit:git-gc[1].
+The "exists" subcommand checks whether a ref has a reflog.  It exits
+with zero status if the reflog exists, and non-zero status if it does
+not.
+
+The "write" subcommand writes a single entry to the reflog of a given
+reference. This new entry is appended to the reflog and will thus become
+the most recent entry. The reference name must be fully qualified. Both the old
+and new object IDs must not be abbreviated and must point to existing objects.
+The reflog message gets normalized.
 
 The "delete" subcommand deletes single entries from the reflog, but
 not the reflog itself. Its argument must be an _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git
@@ -58,9 +63,11 @@ The "drop" subcommand completely removes the reflog for the specified
 references. This is in contrast to "expire" and "delete", both of which
 can be used to delete reflog entries, but not the reflog itself.
 
-The "exists" subcommand checks whether a ref has a reflog.  It exits
-with zero status if the reflog exists, and non-zero status if it does
-not.
+The "expire" subcommand prunes older reflog entries. Entries older
+than `expire` time, or entries older than `expire-unreachable` time
+and not reachable from the current tip, are removed from the reflog.
+This is typically not used directly by end users -- instead, see
+linkgit:git-gc[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -71,6 +78,25 @@ Options for `show`
 `git reflog show` accepts any of the options accepted by `git log`.
 
 
+Options for `delete`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`git reflog delete` accepts options `--updateref`, `--rewrite`, `-n`,
+`--dry-run`, and `--verbose`, with the same meanings as when they are
+used with `expire`.
+
+Options for `drop`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--all::
+	Drop the reflogs of all references from all worktrees.
+
+--single-worktree::
+	By default when `--all` is specified, reflogs from all working
+	trees are dropped. This option limits the processing to reflogs
+	from the current working tree only.
+
+
 Options for `expire`
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -130,24 +156,6 @@ which didn't protect objects referred to by reflogs.
 	Print extra information on screen.
 
 
-Options for `delete`
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-`git reflog delete` accepts options `--updateref`, `--rewrite`, `-n`,
-`--dry-run`, and `--verbose`, with the same meanings as when they are
-used with `expire`.
-
-Options for `drop`
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
---all::
-	Drop the reflogs of all references from all worktrees.
-
---single-worktree::
-	By default when `--all` is specified, reflogs from all working
-	trees are dropped. This option limits the processing to reflogs
-	from the current working tree only.
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index 0084cf7400bd46ba7d8b72a908a67c3536abc907..67eb5e4fa0fe3525d8efcbdea5c3c92d64d735bb 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -502,13 +502,12 @@ static void fsck_handle_reflog_oid(const char *refname, struct object_id *oid,
 	}
 }
 
-static int fsck_handle_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+static int fsck_handle_reflog_ent(const char *refname,
+				  struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 				  const char *email UNUSED,
 				  timestamp_t timestamp, int tz UNUSED,
-				  const char *message UNUSED, void *cb_data)
+				  const char *message UNUSED, void *cb_data UNUSED)
 {
-	const char *refname = cb_data;
-
 	if (verbose)
 		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking reflog %s->%s"),
 			   oid_to_hex(ooid), oid_to_hex(noid));
@@ -525,7 +524,7 @@ static int fsck_handle_reflog(const char *logname, void *cb_data)
 	strbuf_worktree_ref(cb_data, &refname, logname);
 	refs_for_each_reflog_ent(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
 				 refname.buf, fsck_handle_reflog_ent,
-				 refname.buf);
+				 NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&refname);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index fab8f4dd4f7b6cc9b7c5c96d8b5647ece14b718a..9ae87065d35c8f2fd15fd714340376b159e9df33 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -312,7 +312,8 @@ struct count_reflog_entries_data {
 	size_t limit;
 };
 
-static int count_reflog_entries(struct object_id *old_oid, struct object_id *new_oid,
+static int count_reflog_entries(const char *refname UNUSED,
+				struct object_id *old_oid, struct object_id *new_oid,
 				const char *committer, timestamp_t timestamp,
 				int tz, const char *msg, void *cb_data)
 {
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index 3acaf3e32c2714ad84855079bde28f35ea0d6995..f2bc1dc34fd71888bf22566ab630db09e94cbe80 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "gettext.h"
+#include "hex.h"
+#include "odb.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "reachable.h"
 #include "wildmatch.h"
@@ -17,21 +19,24 @@
 #define BUILTIN_REFLOG_LIST_USAGE \
 	N_("git reflog list")
 
-#define BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXPIRE_USAGE \
-	N_("git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]\n" \
-	   "                  [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix]\n" \
-	   "                  [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...]")
+#define BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXISTS_USAGE \
+	N_("git reflog exists <ref>")
+
+#define BUILTIN_REFLOG_WRITE_USAGE \
+	N_("git reflog write <ref> <old-oid> <new-oid> <message>")
 
 #define BUILTIN_REFLOG_DELETE_USAGE \
 	N_("git reflog delete [--rewrite] [--updateref]\n" \
 	   "                  [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] <ref>@{<specifier>}...")
 
-#define BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXISTS_USAGE \
-	N_("git reflog exists <ref>")
-
 #define BUILTIN_REFLOG_DROP_USAGE \
 	N_("git reflog drop [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...]")
 
+#define BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXPIRE_USAGE \
+	N_("git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]\n" \
+	   "                  [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix]\n" \
+	   "                  [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...]")
+
 static const char *const reflog_show_usage[] = {
 	BUILTIN_REFLOG_SHOW_USAGE,
 	NULL,
@@ -42,9 +47,14 @@ static const char *const reflog_list_usage[] = {
 	NULL,
 };
 
-static const char *const reflog_expire_usage[] = {
-	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXPIRE_USAGE,
-	NULL
+static const char *const reflog_exists_usage[] = {
+	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXISTS_USAGE,
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static const char *const reflog_write_usage[] = {
+	BUILTIN_REFLOG_WRITE_USAGE,
+	NULL,
 };
 
 static const char *const reflog_delete_usage[] = {
@@ -52,23 +62,24 @@ static const char *const reflog_delete_usage[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char *const reflog_exists_usage[] = {
-	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXISTS_USAGE,
-	NULL,
-};
-
 static const char *const reflog_drop_usage[] = {
 	BUILTIN_REFLOG_DROP_USAGE,
 	NULL,
 };
 
+static const char *const reflog_expire_usage[] = {
+	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXPIRE_USAGE,
+	NULL
+};
+
 static const char *const reflog_usage[] = {
 	BUILTIN_REFLOG_SHOW_USAGE,
 	BUILTIN_REFLOG_LIST_USAGE,
-	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXPIRE_USAGE,
+	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXISTS_USAGE,
+	BUILTIN_REFLOG_WRITE_USAGE,
 	BUILTIN_REFLOG_DELETE_USAGE,
 	BUILTIN_REFLOG_DROP_USAGE,
-	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXISTS_USAGE,
+	BUILTIN_REFLOG_EXPIRE_USAGE,
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -392,6 +403,59 @@ static int cmd_reflog_drop(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int cmd_reflog_write(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+			    struct repository *repo)
+{
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+	struct object_id old_oid, new_oid;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_transaction *tx;
+	const char *ref, *message;
+	int ret;
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, reflog_write_usage, 0);
+	if (argc != 4)
+		usage_with_options(reflog_write_usage, options);
+
+	ref = argv[0];
+	if (!is_root_ref(ref) && check_refname_format(ref, 0))
+		die(_("invalid reference name: %s"), ref);
+
+	ret = get_oid_hex_algop(argv[1], &old_oid, repo->hash_algo);
+	if (ret)
+		die(_("invalid old object ID: '%s'"), argv[1]);
+	if (!is_null_oid(&old_oid) && !has_object(the_repository, &old_oid, 0))
+		die(_("old object '%s' does not exist"), argv[1]);
+
+	ret = get_oid_hex_algop(argv[2], &new_oid, repo->hash_algo);
+	if (ret)
+		die(_("invalid new object ID: '%s'"), argv[2]);
+	if (!is_null_oid(&new_oid) && !has_object(the_repository, &new_oid, 0))
+		die(_("new object '%s' does not exist"), argv[2]);
+
+	message = argv[3];
+
+	tx = ref_store_transaction_begin(get_main_ref_store(repo), 0, &err);
+	if (!tx)
+		die(_("cannot start transaction: %s"), err.buf);
+
+	ret = ref_transaction_update_reflog(tx, ref, &new_oid, &old_oid,
+					    git_committer_info(0),
+					    message, 0, &err);
+	if (ret)
+		die(_("cannot queue reflog update: %s"), err.buf);
+
+	ret = ref_transaction_commit(tx, &err);
+	if (ret)
+		die(_("cannot commit reflog update: %s"), err.buf);
+
+	ref_transaction_free(tx);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * main "reflog"
  */
@@ -404,10 +468,11 @@ int cmd_reflog(int argc,
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("show", &fn, cmd_reflog_show),
 		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("list", &fn, cmd_reflog_list),
-		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("expire", &fn, cmd_reflog_expire),
-		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("delete", &fn, cmd_reflog_delete),
 		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("exists", &fn, cmd_reflog_exists),
+		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("write", &fn, cmd_reflog_write),
+		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("delete", &fn, cmd_reflog_delete),
 		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("drop", &fn, cmd_reflog_drop),
+		OPT_SUBCOMMAND("expire", &fn, cmd_reflog_expire),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index 5dd6cbbaeedb252f0cbf389b15b00cf46449d8ed..60e67f1b74c4638d36f31299449d3a0ccf484e90 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #define USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLE
-#define DISABLE_SIGN_COMPARE_WARNINGS
 
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "advice.h"
 #include "config.h"
+#include "date.h"
 #include "gettext.h"
+#include "ident.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "path.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -182,7 +184,6 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	struct remote *remote;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *name, *url;
-	int i;
 	int result = 0;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", name);
 		if (track.nr == 0)
 			string_list_append(&track, "*");
-		for (i = 0; i < track.nr; i++) {
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < track.nr; i++) {
 			add_branch(buf.buf, track.items[i].string,
 				   name, mirror, &buf2);
 		}
@@ -612,53 +613,169 @@ static int add_branch_for_removal(const char *refname,
 struct rename_info {
 	const char *old_name;
 	const char *new_name;
-	struct string_list *remote_branches;
-	uint32_t symrefs_nr;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct progress *progress;
+	struct strbuf *err;
+	uint32_t progress_nr;
+	uint64_t index;
 };
 
-static int read_remote_branches(const char *refname, const char *referent UNUSED,
-				const struct object_id *oid UNUSED,
-				int flags UNUSED, void *cb_data)
+static void compute_renamed_ref(struct rename_info *rename,
+				const char *refname,
+				struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	strbuf_reset(out);
+	strbuf_addstr(out, refname);
+	strbuf_splice(out, strlen("refs/remotes/"), strlen(rename->old_name),
+		      rename->new_name, strlen(rename->new_name));
+}
+
+static int rename_one_reflog_entry(const char *old_refname,
+				   struct object_id *old_oid,
+				   struct object_id *new_oid,
+				   const char *committer,
+				   timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
+				   const char *msg, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct rename_info *rename = cb_data;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct string_list_item *item;
-	int flag;
-	const char *symref;
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s/", rename->old_name);
-	if (starts_with(refname, buf.buf)) {
-		item = string_list_append(rename->remote_branches, refname);
-		symref = refs_resolve_ref_unsafe(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
-						 refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
-						 NULL, &flag);
-		if (symref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)) {
-			item->util = xstrdup(symref);
-			rename->symrefs_nr++;
-		} else {
-			item->util = NULL;
-		}
+	struct strbuf new_refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf identity = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf mail = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	const char *date;
+	int error;
+
+	compute_renamed_ref(rename, old_refname, &new_refname);
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, committer, strlen(committer)) < 0) {
+		error = -1;
+		goto out;
 	}
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	return 0;
+	strbuf_add(&name, ident.name_begin, ident.name_end - ident.name_begin);
+	strbuf_add(&mail, ident.mail_begin, ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin);
+
+	date = show_date(timestamp, tz, DATE_MODE(NORMAL));
+	strbuf_addstr(&identity, fmt_ident(name.buf, mail.buf,
+					  WANT_BLANK_IDENT, date, 0));
+
+	error = ref_transaction_update_reflog(rename->transaction, new_refname.buf,
+					      new_oid, old_oid, identity.buf, msg,
+					      rename->index++, rename->err);
+
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&new_refname);
+	strbuf_release(&identity);
+	strbuf_release(&name);
+	strbuf_release(&mail);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int rename_one_reflog(const char *old_refname,
+			     const struct object_id *old_oid,
+			     struct rename_info *rename)
+{
+	struct strbuf new_refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int error;
+
+	if (!refs_reflog_exists(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), old_refname))
+		return 0;
+
+	error = refs_for_each_reflog_ent(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
+					 old_refname, rename_one_reflog_entry, rename);
+	if (error < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	compute_renamed_ref(rename, old_refname, &new_refname);
+
+	/*
+	 * Manually write the reflog entry for the now-renamed ref. We cannot
+	 * rely on `rename_one_ref()` to do this for us as that would screw
+	 * over order in which reflog entries are being written.
+	 *
+	 * Furthermore, we only append the entry in case the reference
+	 * resolves. Missing references shouldn't have reflogs anyway.
+	 */
+	strbuf_addf(&message, "remote: renamed %s to %s", old_refname,
+		    new_refname.buf);
+
+	error = ref_transaction_update_reflog(rename->transaction, new_refname.buf,
+					      old_oid, old_oid, git_committer_info(0),
+					      message.buf, rename->index++, rename->err);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
+
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&new_refname);
+	strbuf_release(&message);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int rename_one_ref(const char *old_refname, const char *referent,
+			  const struct object_id *oid,
+			  int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf new_referent = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf new_refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct rename_info *rename = cb_data;
+	int error;
+
+	compute_renamed_ref(rename, old_refname, &new_refname);
+
+	if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		/*
+		 * Stupidly enough `referent` is not pointing to the immediate
+		 * target of a symref, but it's the recursively resolved value.
+		 * So symrefs pointing to symrefs would be misresolved, and
+		 * unborn symrefs don't have any value for the `referent` at all.
+		 */
+		referent = refs_resolve_ref_unsafe(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
+						   old_refname, RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE,
+						   NULL, NULL);
+		compute_renamed_ref(rename, referent, &new_referent);
+		oid = NULL;
+	}
+
+	error = ref_transaction_delete(rename->transaction, old_refname,
+				       oid, referent, REF_NO_DEREF, NULL, rename->err);
+	if (error < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	error = ref_transaction_update(rename->transaction, new_refname.buf, oid, null_oid(the_hash_algo),
+				       (flags & REF_ISSYMREF) ? new_referent.buf : NULL, NULL,
+				       REF_SKIP_CREATE_REFLOG | REF_NO_DEREF | REF_SKIP_OID_VERIFICATION,
+				       NULL, rename->err);
+	if (error < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	error = rename_one_reflog(old_refname, oid, rename);
+	if (error < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	display_progress(rename->progress, ++rename->progress_nr);
+
+out:
+	strbuf_release(&new_referent);
+	strbuf_release(&new_refname);
+	return error;
 }
 
 static int migrate_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int i;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.url", remote->name);
-	for (i = 0; i < remote->url.nr; i++)
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < remote->url.nr; i++)
 		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->url.v[i], "^$", 0);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.push", remote->name);
-	for (i = 0; i < remote->push.nr; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < remote->push.nr; i++)
 		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->push.items[i].raw, "^$", 0);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", remote->name);
-	for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch.nr; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < remote->fetch.nr; i++)
 		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->fetch.items[i].raw, "^$", 0);
 #ifndef WITH_BREAKING_CHANGES
 	if (remote->origin == REMOTE_REMOTES)
@@ -730,6 +847,14 @@ static void handle_push_default(const char* old_name, const char* new_name)
 	strbuf_release(&push_default.origin);
 }
 
+static const char conflicting_remote_refs_advice[] = N_(
+	"The remote you are trying to rename has conflicting references in the\n"
+	"new target refspec. This is most likely caused by you trying to nest\n"
+	"a remote into itself, e.g. by renaming 'parent' into 'parent/child'\n"
+	"or by unnesting a remote, e.g. the other way round.\n"
+	"\n"
+	"If that is the case, you can address this by first renaming the\n"
+	"remote to a different name.\n");
 
 static int mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	      struct repository *repo UNUSED)
@@ -741,11 +866,11 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	};
 	struct remote *oldremote, *newremote;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT, buf3 = STRBUF_INIT,
-		old_remote_context = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct string_list remote_branches = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-	struct rename_info rename;
-	int i, refs_renamed_nr = 0, refspec_updated = 0;
-	struct progress *progress = NULL;
+		old_remote_context = STRBUF_INIT, err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct rename_info rename = {
+		.err = &err,
+	};
+	int refspecs_need_update = 0;
 	int result = 0;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
@@ -756,8 +881,6 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 
 	rename.old_name = argv[0];
 	rename.new_name = argv[1];
-	rename.remote_branches = &remote_branches;
-	rename.symrefs_nr = 0;
 
 	oldremote = remote_get(rename.old_name);
 	if (!remote_is_configured(oldremote, 1)) {
@@ -785,19 +908,50 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	strbuf_addf(&old_remote_context, ":refs/remotes/%s/", rename.old_name);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < oldremote->fetch.nr && !refspecs_need_update; i++)
+		refspecs_need_update = !!strstr(oldremote->fetch.items[i].raw,
+						old_remote_context.buf);
+
+	if (refspecs_need_update) {
+		rename.transaction = ref_store_transaction_begin(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
+							       0, &err);
+		if (!rename.transaction)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (show_progress)
+			rename.progress = start_delayed_progress(the_repository,
+								 _("Renaming remote references"), 0);
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s/", rename.old_name);
+
+		result = refs_for_each_rawref_in(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), buf.buf,
+				rename_one_ref, &rename);
+		if (result < 0)
+			die(_("queueing remote ref renames failed: %s"), rename.err->buf);
+
+		result = ref_transaction_prepare(rename.transaction, &err);
+		if (result < 0) {
+			error("renaming remote references failed: %s", err.buf);
+			if (result == REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT)
+				advise(conflicting_remote_refs_advice);
+			die(NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (oldremote->fetch.nr) {
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", rename.new_name);
 		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, CONFIG_FLAGS_MULTI_REPLACE);
-		strbuf_addf(&old_remote_context, ":refs/remotes/%s/", rename.old_name);
-		for (i = 0; i < oldremote->fetch.nr; i++) {
+		for (int i = 0; i < oldremote->fetch.nr; i++) {
 			char *ptr;
 
 			strbuf_reset(&buf2);
 			strbuf_addstr(&buf2, oldremote->fetch.items[i].raw);
 			ptr = strstr(buf2.buf, old_remote_context.buf);
 			if (ptr) {
-				refspec_updated = 1;
 				strbuf_splice(&buf2,
 					      ptr-buf2.buf + strlen(":refs/remotes/"),
 					      strlen(rename.old_name), rename.new_name,
@@ -813,7 +967,7 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	}
 
 	read_branches();
-	for (i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = branch_list.items + i;
 		struct branch_info *info = item->util;
 		if (info->remote_name && !strcmp(info->remote_name, rename.old_name)) {
@@ -828,83 +982,23 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!refspec_updated)
-		goto out;
-
-	/*
-	 * First remove symrefs, then rename the rest, finally create
-	 * the new symrefs.
-	 */
-	refs_for_each_ref(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
-			  read_remote_branches, &rename);
-	if (show_progress) {
-		/*
-		 * Count symrefs twice, since "renaming" them is done by
-		 * deleting and recreating them in two separate passes.
-		 */
-		progress = start_progress(the_repository,
-					  _("Renaming remote references"),
-					  rename.remote_branches->nr + rename.symrefs_nr);
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
-		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
-		struct strbuf referent = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-		if (refs_read_symbolic_ref(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), item->string,
-					   &referent))
-			continue;
-		if (refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), NULL, item->string, NULL, REF_NO_DEREF))
-			die(_("deleting '%s' failed"), item->string);
-
-		strbuf_release(&referent);
-		display_progress(progress, ++refs_renamed_nr);
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
-		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
+	if (refspecs_need_update) {
+		result = ref_transaction_commit(rename.transaction, &err);
+		if (result < 0)
+			die(_("renaming remote refs failed: %s"), rename.err->buf);
 
-		if (item->util)
-			continue;
-		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		strbuf_addstr(&buf, item->string);
-		strbuf_splice(&buf, strlen("refs/remotes/"), strlen(rename.old_name),
-				rename.new_name, strlen(rename.new_name));
-		strbuf_reset(&buf2);
-		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
-				item->string, buf.buf);
-		if (refs_rename_ref(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), item->string, buf.buf, buf2.buf))
-			die(_("renaming '%s' failed"), item->string);
-		display_progress(progress, ++refs_renamed_nr);
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
-		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
+		stop_progress(&rename.progress);
 
-		if (!item->util)
-			continue;
-		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		strbuf_addstr(&buf, item->string);
-		strbuf_splice(&buf, strlen("refs/remotes/"), strlen(rename.old_name),
-				rename.new_name, strlen(rename.new_name));
-		strbuf_reset(&buf2);
-		strbuf_addstr(&buf2, item->util);
-		strbuf_splice(&buf2, strlen("refs/remotes/"), strlen(rename.old_name),
-				rename.new_name, strlen(rename.new_name));
-		strbuf_reset(&buf3);
-		strbuf_addf(&buf3, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
-				item->string, buf.buf);
-		if (refs_update_symref(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), buf.buf, buf2.buf, buf3.buf))
-			die(_("creating '%s' failed"), buf.buf);
-		display_progress(progress, ++refs_renamed_nr);
+		handle_push_default(rename.old_name, rename.new_name);
 	}
-	stop_progress(&progress);
-
-	handle_push_default(rename.old_name, rename.new_name);
 
 out:
-	string_list_clear(&remote_branches, 1);
+	ref_transaction_free(rename.transaction);
 	strbuf_release(&old_remote_context);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf2);
 	strbuf_release(&buf3);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -920,7 +1014,7 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	struct string_list branches = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct string_list skipped = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct branches_for_remote cb_data;
-	int i, result;
+	int result;
 
 	memset(&cb_data, 0, sizeof(cb_data));
 	cb_data.branches = &branches;
@@ -942,7 +1036,7 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	for_each_remote(add_known_remote, &known_remotes);
 
 	read_branches();
-	for (i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = branch_list.items + i;
 		struct branch_info *info = item->util;
 		if (info->remote_name && !strcmp(info->remote_name, remote->name)) {
@@ -988,7 +1082,7 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 			      "Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
 			      "to delete them, use:",
 			      skipped.nr));
-		for (i = 0; i < skipped.nr; i++)
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < skipped.nr; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "  git branch -d %s\n",
 				skipped.items[i].string);
 	}
@@ -1166,7 +1260,6 @@ static int show_local_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 	struct branch_info *branch_info = item->util;
 	struct string_list *merge = &branch_info->merge;
 	int width = show_info->width + 4;
-	int i;
 
 	if (branch_info->rebase >= REBASE_TRUE && branch_info->merge.nr > 1) {
 		error(_("invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"),
@@ -1192,7 +1285,7 @@ static int show_local_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 	} else {
 		printf_ln(_("merges with remote %s"), merge->items[0].string);
 	}
-	for (i = 1; i < merge->nr; i++)
+	for (size_t i = 1; i < merge->nr; i++)
 		printf(_("%-*s    and with remote %s\n"), width, "",
 		       merge->items[i].string);
 
@@ -1277,7 +1370,6 @@ static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
 	struct string_list *list = priv;
 	struct strbuf remote_info_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strvec *url;
-	int i;
 
 	if (remote->url.nr > 0) {
 		struct strbuf promisor_config = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -1294,8 +1386,7 @@ static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
 	} else
 		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util = NULL;
 	url = push_url_of_remote(remote);
-	for (i = 0; i < url->nr; i++)
-	{
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < url->nr; i++) {
 		strbuf_addf(&remote_info_buf, "%s (push)", url->v[i]);
 		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
 				strbuf_detach(&remote_info_buf, NULL);
@@ -1312,10 +1403,8 @@ static int show_all(void)
 	result = for_each_remote(get_one_entry, &list);
 
 	if (!result) {
-		int i;
-
 		string_list_sort(&list);
-		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 			struct string_list_item *item = list.items + i;
 			if (verbose)
 				printf("%s\t%s\n", item->string,
@@ -1352,7 +1441,7 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		query_flag = (GET_REF_STATES | GET_HEAD_NAMES | GET_PUSH_REF_STATES);
 
 	for (; argc; argc--, argv++) {
-		int i;
+		size_t i;
 		struct strvec *url;
 
 		get_remote_ref_states(*argv, &info.states, query_flag);
@@ -1458,7 +1547,7 @@ static void report_set_head_auto(const char *remote, const char *head_name,
 static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		    struct repository *repo UNUSED)
 {
-	int i, opt_a = 0, opt_d = 0, result = 0, was_detached;
+	int opt_a = 0, opt_d = 0, result = 0, was_detached;
 	struct strbuf b_head = STRBUF_INIT, b_remote_head = STRBUF_INIT,
 		b_local_head = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *head_name = NULL;
@@ -1489,7 +1578,7 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		else if (states.heads.nr > 1) {
 			result |= error(_("Multiple remote HEAD branches. "
 					  "Please choose one explicitly with:"));
-			for (i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
 				fprintf(stderr, "  git remote set-head %s %s\n",
 					argv[0], states.heads.items[i].string);
 		} else
@@ -1714,7 +1803,7 @@ static int set_branches(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 static int get_url(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		   struct repository *repo UNUSED)
 {
-	int i, push_mode = 0, all_mode = 0;
+	int push_mode = 0, all_mode = 0;
 	const char *remotename = NULL;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	struct strvec *url;
@@ -1742,7 +1831,7 @@ static int get_url(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	url = push_mode ? push_url_of_remote(remote) : &remote->url;
 
 	if (all_mode) {
-		for (i = 0; i < url->nr; i++)
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < url->nr; i++)
 			printf_ln("%s", url->v[i]);
 	} else {
 		printf_ln("%s", url->v[0]);
@@ -1754,7 +1843,7 @@ static int get_url(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		   struct repository *repo UNUSED)
 {
-	int i, push_mode = 0, add_mode = 0, delete_mode = 0;
+	int push_mode = 0, add_mode = 0, delete_mode = 0;
 	int matches = 0, negative_matches = 0;
 	const char *remotename = NULL;
 	const char *newurl = NULL;
@@ -1818,7 +1907,7 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	if (regcomp(&old_regex, oldurl, REG_EXTENDED))
 		die(_("Invalid old URL pattern: %s"), oldurl);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < urlset->nr; i++)
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < urlset->nr; i++)
 		if (!regexec(&old_regex, urlset->v[i], 0, NULL, 0))
 			matches++;
 		else
diff --git a/builtin/stash.c b/builtin/stash.c
index e2f95cc2ebc219894ead5deea0807c0288cc4eec..a1ed67661e3e7f6b3178d895690f06001e1cb964 100644
--- a/builtin/stash.c
+++ b/builtin/stash.c
@@ -738,7 +738,8 @@ static int apply_stash(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int reject_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
+static int reject_reflog_ent(const char *refname UNUSED,
+			     struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
 			     struct object_id *noid UNUSED,
 			     const char *email UNUSED,
 			     timestamp_t timestamp UNUSED,
@@ -2173,7 +2174,8 @@ struct stash_entry_data {
 	size_t count;
 };
 
-static int collect_stash_entries(struct object_id *old_oid UNUSED,
+static int collect_stash_entries(const char *refname UNUSED,
+				 struct object_id *old_oid UNUSED,
 				 struct object_id *new_oid,
 				 const char *committer UNUSED,
 				 timestamp_t timestamp UNUSED,
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 15115125c3612c045b3be2f68a94aae4bad1fc4a..7ebd05f3527b13291d709b1eede1c35139fe22b9 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -1031,7 +1031,8 @@ static void add_one_commit(struct object_id *oid, struct rev_collect *revs)
 	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
 }
 
-static int collect_one_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+static int collect_one_reflog_ent(const char *refname UNUSED,
+				  struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 				  const char *ident UNUSED,
 				  timestamp_t timestamp UNUSED, int tz UNUSED,
 				  const char *message UNUSED, void *cbdata)
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
index 281e830573b74d3194f62436b15f1d1d8a33056a..0b7aacecd7d9aff987055bc9c58bbc1088b5c6a3 100644
--- a/ident.c
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ static void strbuf_addstr_without_crud(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
  * can still be NULL if the input line only has the name/email part
  * (e.g. reading from a reflog entry).
  */
-int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *split, const char *line, int len)
+int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *split, const char *line, size_t len)
 {
 	const char *cp;
 	size_t span;
diff --git a/ident.h b/ident.h
index 6a79febba15feabb8418ee6441a47553e616c6ec..3c034038791b7834682e512b276718126b10b3d7 100644
--- a/ident.h
+++ b/ident.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void reset_ident_date(void);
  * Signals an success with 0, but time part of the result may be NULL
  * if the input lacks timestamp and zone
  */
-int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *, const char *, int);
+int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *, const char *, size_t);
 
 /*
  * Given a commit or tag object buffer and the commit or tag headers, replaces
diff --git a/object-name.c b/object-name.c
index ddafe7f9b13a9642e30eece89578b37ac15b5872..9ec192c37318a854b17c7fd046e7b022c43e809b 100644
--- a/object-name.c
+++ b/object-name.c
@@ -1516,7 +1516,8 @@ struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
 	struct strbuf *sb;
 };
 
-static int grab_nth_branch_switch(struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
+static int grab_nth_branch_switch(const char *refname UNUSED,
+				  struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
 				  struct object_id *noid UNUSED,
 				  const char *email UNUSED,
 				  timestamp_t timestamp UNUSED,
diff --git a/reflog-walk.c b/reflog-walk.c
index c7070b13b004b7c207a3f99740999f582c15c1b0..4f1ce047498116fb229306845cb90401baf4c247 100644
--- a/reflog-walk.c
+++ b/reflog-walk.c
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ struct complete_reflogs {
 	int nr, alloc;
 };
 
-static int read_one_reflog(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
-		const char *email, timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
-		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+static int read_one_reflog(const char *refname UNUSED,
+			   struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+			   const char *email, timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
+			   const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct complete_reflogs *array = cb_data;
 	struct reflog_info *item;
diff --git a/reflog.c b/reflog.c
index 39c205fd26e77b2a71ffe8c22812479f87b8d8bd..2264b3bd605f3a28e0bcaa5487d4ce7bedef6010 100644
--- a/reflog.c
+++ b/reflog.c
@@ -492,7 +492,8 @@ void reflog_expiry_cleanup(void *cb_data)
 	free_commit_list(cb->mark_list);
 }
 
-int count_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
+int count_reflog_ent(const char *refname UNUSED,
+		     struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
 		     struct object_id *noid UNUSED,
 		     const char *email UNUSED,
 		     timestamp_t timestamp, int tz UNUSED,
diff --git a/reflog.h b/reflog.h
index 63bb56280f4ed6b69448a2366e24c592dc7ba4b0..44b306c08ae391dc14e4dbaadd58902ca82ccc95 100644
--- a/reflog.h
+++ b/reflog.h
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ void reflog_expiry_prepare(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 int should_expire_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 			     const char *email, timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
 			     const char *message, void *cb_data);
-int count_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+int count_reflog_ent(const char *refname,
+		     struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 		     const char *email, timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
 		     const char *message, void *cb_data);
 int should_expire_reflog_ent_verbose(struct object_id *ooid,
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 73913b6627be958e3d981178a93a4a0abbacfd7a..7e2f02dddf8b72d25b71b7ba5240bbcd2264b3c0 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -1022,7 +1022,6 @@ int is_branch(const char *refname)
 }
 
 struct read_ref_at_cb {
-	const char *refname;
 	timestamp_t at_time;
 	int cnt;
 	int reccnt;
@@ -1052,7 +1051,8 @@ static void set_read_ref_cutoffs(struct read_ref_at_cb *cb,
 		*cb->cutoff_cnt = cb->reccnt;
 }
 
-static int read_ref_at_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+static int read_ref_at_ent(const char *refname,
+			   struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 			   const char *email UNUSED,
 			   timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
 			   const char *message, void *cb_data)
@@ -1072,14 +1072,13 @@ static int read_ref_at_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 			oidcpy(cb->oid, noid);
 			if (!oideq(&cb->ooid, noid))
 				warning(_("log for ref %s has gap after %s"),
-					cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
+					refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
 		}
 		else if (cb->date == cb->at_time)
 			oidcpy(cb->oid, noid);
 		else if (!oideq(noid, cb->oid))
 			warning(_("log for ref %s unexpectedly ended on %s"),
-				cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz,
-						       DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
+				refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz, DATE_MODE(RFC2822)));
 		cb->reccnt++;
 		oidcpy(&cb->ooid, ooid);
 		oidcpy(&cb->noid, noid);
@@ -1094,7 +1093,8 @@ static int read_ref_at_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_ref_at_ent_oldest(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+static int read_ref_at_ent_oldest(const char *refname UNUSED,
+				  struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 				  const char *email UNUSED,
 				  timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
 				  const char *message, void *cb_data)
@@ -1117,7 +1117,6 @@ int read_ref_at(struct ref_store *refs, const char *refname,
 	struct read_ref_at_cb cb;
 
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
-	cb.refname = refname;
 	cb.at_time = at_time;
 	cb.cnt = cnt;
 	cb.msg = msg;
@@ -1362,27 +1361,22 @@ int ref_transaction_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Similar to`ref_transaction_update`, but this function is only for adding
- * a reflog update. Supports providing custom committer information. The index
- * field can be utiltized to order updates as desired. When not used, the
- * updates default to being ordered by refname.
- */
-static int ref_transaction_update_reflog(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
-					 const char *refname,
-					 const struct object_id *new_oid,
-					 const struct object_id *old_oid,
-					 const char *committer_info,
-					 unsigned int flags,
-					 const char *msg,
-					 uint64_t index,
-					 struct strbuf *err)
+int ref_transaction_update_reflog(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				  const char *refname,
+				  const struct object_id *new_oid,
+				  const struct object_id *old_oid,
+				  const char *committer_info,
+				  const char *msg,
+				  uint64_t index,
+				  struct strbuf *err)
 {
 	struct ref_update *update;
+	unsigned int flags;
 
 	assert(err);
 
-	flags |= REF_LOG_ONLY | REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG | REF_NO_DEREF;
+	flags = REF_HAVE_OLD | REF_HAVE_NEW | REF_LOG_ONLY | REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG | REF_NO_DEREF |
+		REF_LOG_USE_PROVIDED_OIDS;
 
 	if (!transaction_refname_valid(refname, new_oid, flags, err))
 		return -1;
@@ -1390,11 +1384,6 @@ static int ref_transaction_update_reflog(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 	update = ref_transaction_add_update(transaction, refname, flags,
 					    new_oid, old_oid, NULL, NULL,
 					    committer_info, msg);
-	/*
-	 * While we do set the old_oid value, we unset the flag to skip
-	 * old_oid verification which only makes sense for refs.
-	 */
-	update->flags &= ~REF_HAVE_OLD;
 	update->index = index;
 
 	/*
@@ -1850,7 +1839,13 @@ int refs_for_each_namespaced_ref(struct ref_store *refs,
 
 int refs_for_each_rawref(struct ref_store *refs, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(refs, "", NULL, fn, 0,
+	return refs_for_each_rawref_in(refs, "", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+int refs_for_each_rawref_in(struct ref_store *refs, const char *prefix,
+			    each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(refs, prefix, NULL, fn, 0,
 			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
 }
 
@@ -2951,7 +2946,8 @@ struct migration_data {
 	struct ref_store *old_refs;
 	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 	struct strbuf *errbuf;
-	struct strbuf sb;
+	struct strbuf sb, name, mail;
+	uint64_t index;
 };
 
 static int migrate_one_ref(const char *refname, const char *referent UNUSED, const struct object_id *oid,
@@ -2984,50 +2980,41 @@ static int migrate_one_ref(const char *refname, const char *referent UNUSED, con
 	return ret;
 }
 
-struct reflog_migration_data {
-	uint64_t index;
-	const char *refname;
-	struct ref_store *old_refs;
-	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
-	struct strbuf *errbuf;
-	struct strbuf *sb;
-};
-
-static int migrate_one_reflog_entry(struct object_id *old_oid,
+static int migrate_one_reflog_entry(const char *refname,
+				    struct object_id *old_oid,
 				    struct object_id *new_oid,
 				    const char *committer,
 				    timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
 				    const char *msg, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct reflog_migration_data *data = cb_data;
+	struct migration_data *data = cb_data;
+	struct ident_split ident;
 	const char *date;
 	int ret;
 
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, committer, strlen(committer)) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&data->name);
+	strbuf_add(&data->name, ident.name_begin, ident.name_end - ident.name_begin);
+	strbuf_reset(&data->mail);
+	strbuf_add(&data->mail, ident.mail_begin, ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin);
+
 	date = show_date(timestamp, tz, DATE_MODE(NORMAL));
-	strbuf_reset(data->sb);
-	/* committer contains name and email */
-	strbuf_addstr(data->sb, fmt_ident("", committer, WANT_BLANK_IDENT, date, 0));
-
-	ret = ref_transaction_update_reflog(data->transaction, data->refname,
-					    new_oid, old_oid, data->sb->buf,
-					    REF_HAVE_NEW | REF_HAVE_OLD, msg,
-					    data->index++, data->errbuf);
+	strbuf_reset(&data->sb);
+	strbuf_addstr(&data->sb, fmt_ident(data->name.buf, data->mail.buf, WANT_BLANK_IDENT, date, 0));
+
+	ret = ref_transaction_update_reflog(data->transaction, refname,
+					    new_oid, old_oid, data->sb.buf,
+					    msg, data->index++, data->errbuf);
 	return ret;
 }
 
 static int migrate_one_reflog(const char *refname, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct migration_data *migration_data = cb_data;
-	struct reflog_migration_data data = {
-		.refname = refname,
-		.old_refs = migration_data->old_refs,
-		.transaction = migration_data->transaction,
-		.errbuf = migration_data->errbuf,
-		.sb = &migration_data->sb,
-	};
-
 	return refs_for_each_reflog_ent(migration_data->old_refs, refname,
-					migrate_one_reflog_entry, &data);
+					migrate_one_reflog_entry, migration_data);
 }
 
 static int move_files(const char *from_path, const char *to_path, struct strbuf *errbuf)
@@ -3122,6 +3109,8 @@ int repo_migrate_ref_storage_format(struct repository *repo,
 	struct strbuf new_gitdir = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct migration_data data = {
 		.sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+		.name = STRBUF_INIT,
+		.mail = STRBUF_INIT,
 	};
 	int did_migrate_refs = 0;
 	int ret;
@@ -3297,11 +3286,16 @@ int repo_migrate_ref_storage_format(struct repository *repo,
 	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
 	strbuf_release(&new_gitdir);
 	strbuf_release(&data.sb);
+	strbuf_release(&data.name);
+	strbuf_release(&data.mail);
 	return ret;
 }
 
 int ref_update_expects_existing_old_ref(struct ref_update *update)
 {
+	if (update->flags & REF_LOG_ONLY)
+		return 0;
+
 	return (update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) &&
 		(!is_null_oid(&update->old_oid) || update->old_target);
 }
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index efa182c6a144ca29d508485fec4fc38496d44085..19fb1d924adc1b9f43f1ac3c64812ed854665ac1 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -428,6 +428,8 @@ int refs_for_each_namespaced_ref(struct ref_store *refs,
 
 /* can be used to learn about broken ref and symref */
 int refs_for_each_rawref(struct ref_store *refs, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+int refs_for_each_rawref_in(struct ref_store *refs, const char *prefix,
+			    each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 
 /*
  * Iterates over all refs including root refs, i.e. pseudorefs and HEAD.
@@ -558,10 +560,13 @@ int refs_delete_reflog(struct ref_store *refs, const char *refname);
  * The cb_data is a caller-supplied pointer given to the iterator
  * functions.
  */
-typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(
-		struct object_id *old_oid, struct object_id *new_oid,
-		const char *committer, timestamp_t timestamp,
-		int tz, const char *msg, void *cb_data);
+typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(const char *refname,
+			       struct object_id *old_oid,
+			       struct object_id *new_oid,
+			       const char *committer,
+			       timestamp_t timestamp,
+			       int tz, const char *msg,
+			       void *cb_data);
 
 /* Iterate over reflog entries in the log for `refname`. */
 
@@ -759,13 +764,20 @@ struct ref_transaction *ref_store_transaction_begin(struct ref_store *refs,
  */
 #define REF_SKIP_CREATE_REFLOG (1 << 12)
 
+/*
+ * When writing a REF_LOG_ONLY record, use the old and new object IDs provided
+ * in the update instead of resolving the old object ID. The caller must also
+ * set both REF_HAVE_OLD and REF_HAVE_NEW.
+ */
+#define REF_LOG_USE_PROVIDED_OIDS (1 << 13)
+
 /*
  * Bitmask of all of the flags that are allowed to be passed in to
  * ref_transaction_update() and friends:
  */
 #define REF_TRANSACTION_UPDATE_ALLOWED_FLAGS                                  \
 	(REF_NO_DEREF | REF_FORCE_CREATE_REFLOG | REF_SKIP_OID_VERIFICATION | \
-	 REF_SKIP_REFNAME_VERIFICATION | REF_SKIP_CREATE_REFLOG)
+	 REF_SKIP_REFNAME_VERIFICATION | REF_SKIP_CREATE_REFLOG | REF_LOG_USE_PROVIDED_OIDS)
 
 /*
  * Add a reference update to transaction. `new_oid` is the value that
@@ -794,6 +806,21 @@ int ref_transaction_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
 			   struct strbuf *err);
 
+/*
+ * Similar to `ref_transaction_update`, but this function is only for adding
+ * a reflog update. Supports providing custom committer information. The index
+ * field can be utiltized to order updates as desired. When set to zero, the
+ * updates default to being ordered by refname.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_update_reflog(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				  const char *refname,
+				  const struct object_id *new_oid,
+				  const struct object_id *old_oid,
+				  const char *committer_info,
+				  const char *msg,
+				  uint64_t index,
+				  struct strbuf *err);
+
 /*
  * Add a reference creation to transaction. new_oid is the value that
  * the reference should have after the update; it must not be
diff --git a/refs/debug.c b/refs/debug.c
index 485e3079d7a3a7b70899b3d88ffa765dc8740498..5e113db307a2e56eddf21ba20f83ec8265904ebd 100644
--- a/refs/debug.c
+++ b/refs/debug.c
@@ -276,7 +276,8 @@ struct debug_reflog {
 	void *cb_data;
 };
 
-static int debug_print_reflog_ent(struct object_id *old_oid,
+static int debug_print_reflog_ent(const char *refname,
+				  struct object_id *old_oid,
 				  struct object_id *new_oid,
 				  const char *committer, timestamp_t timestamp,
 				  int tz, const char *msg, void *cb_data)
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ static int debug_print_reflog_ent(struct object_id *old_oid,
 	if (new_oid)
 		oid_to_hex_r(n, new_oid);
 
-	ret = dbg->fn(old_oid, new_oid, committer, timestamp, tz, msg,
+	ret = dbg->fn(refname, old_oid, new_oid, committer, timestamp, tz, msg,
 		      dbg->cb_data);
 	trace_printf_key(&trace_refs,
 			 "reflog_ent %s (ret %d): %s -> %s, %s %ld \"%.*s\"\n",
diff --git a/refs/files-backend.c b/refs/files-backend.c
index 89ae4517a97558c4d4ae2d09ec237de73db77d0b..dff52a583a9cc5b75d854cfccb314e228963af6d 100644
--- a/refs/files-backend.c
+++ b/refs/files-backend.c
@@ -68,6 +68,12 @@
  */
 #define REF_DELETED_RMDIR (1 << 9)
 
+/*
+ * Used to indicate that the reflog-only update has been created via
+ * `split_head_update()`.
+ */
+#define REF_LOG_VIA_SPLIT (1 << 14)
+
 struct ref_lock {
 	char *ref_name;
 	struct lock_file lk;
@@ -2109,7 +2115,9 @@ static int files_delete_reflog(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct files_ref_store *refs, struct strbuf *sb,
+static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct files_ref_store *refs,
+			       const char *refname,
+			       struct strbuf *sb,
 			       each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object_id ooid, noid;
@@ -2136,7 +2144,7 @@ static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct files_ref_store *refs, struct strbuf *sb,
 		message += 6;
 	else
 		message += 7;
-	return fn(&ooid, &noid, p, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
+	return fn(refname, &ooid, &noid, p, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
 }
 
 static char *find_beginning_of_line(char *bob, char *scan)
@@ -2220,7 +2228,7 @@ static int files_for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, bp + 1, endp - (bp + 1));
 				scanp = bp;
 				endp = bp + 1;
-				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(refs, &sb, fn, cb_data);
+				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(refs, refname, &sb, fn, cb_data);
 				strbuf_reset(&sb);
 				if (ret)
 					break;
@@ -2232,7 +2240,7 @@ static int files_for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 				 * Process it, and we can end the loop.
 				 */
 				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
-				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(refs, &sb, fn, cb_data);
+				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(refs, refname, &sb, fn, cb_data);
 				strbuf_reset(&sb);
 				break;
 			}
@@ -2282,7 +2290,7 @@ static int files_for_each_reflog_ent(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 		return -1;
 
 	while (!ret && !strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n'))
-		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(refs, &sb, fn, cb_data);
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(refs, refname, &sb, fn, cb_data);
 	fclose(logfp);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	return ret;
@@ -2420,9 +2428,10 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error split_head_update(struct ref_update *update,
 
 	new_update = ref_transaction_add_update(
 			transaction, "HEAD",
-			update->flags | REF_LOG_ONLY | REF_NO_DEREF,
+			update->flags | REF_LOG_ONLY | REF_NO_DEREF | REF_LOG_VIA_SPLIT,
 			&update->new_oid, &update->old_oid,
 			NULL, NULL, update->committer_info, update->msg);
+	new_update->parent_update = update;
 
 	/*
 	 * Add "HEAD". This insertion is O(N) in the transaction
@@ -2493,7 +2502,6 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error split_symref_update(struct ref_update *update,
 	 * done when new_update is processed.
 	 */
 	update->flags |= REF_LOG_ONLY | REF_NO_DEREF;
-	update->flags &= ~REF_HAVE_OLD;
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2508,8 +2516,9 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error check_old_oid(struct ref_update *update,
 						struct object_id *oid,
 						struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	if (!(update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) ||
-		   oideq(oid, &update->old_oid))
+	if (update->flags & REF_LOG_ONLY ||
+	    !(update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) ||
+	    oideq(oid, &update->old_oid))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (is_null_oid(&update->old_oid)) {
@@ -2600,7 +2609,36 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error lock_ref_for_update(struct files_ref_store *re
 
 	update->backend_data = lock;
 
-	if (update->type & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+	if (update->flags & REF_LOG_VIA_SPLIT) {
+		struct ref_lock *parent_lock;
+
+		if (!update->parent_update)
+			BUG("split update without a parent");
+
+		parent_lock = update->parent_update->backend_data;
+
+		/*
+		 * Check that "HEAD" didn't racily change since we have looked
+		 * it up. If it did we must refuse to write the reflog entry.
+		 *
+		 * Note that this does not catch all races: if "HEAD" was
+		 * racily changed to point to one of the refs part of the
+		 * transaction then we would miss writing the split reflog
+		 * entry for "HEAD".
+		 */
+		if (!(update->type & REF_ISSYMREF) ||
+		    strcmp(update->parent_update->refname, referent.buf)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(err, "HEAD has been racily updated");
+			ret = REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_GENERIC;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) {
+			oidcpy(&lock->old_oid, &update->old_oid);
+		} else {
+			oidcpy(&lock->old_oid, &parent_lock->old_oid);
+		}
+	} else if (update->type & REF_ISSYMREF) {
 		if (update->flags & REF_NO_DEREF) {
 			/*
 			 * We won't be reading the referent as part of
@@ -2976,6 +3014,20 @@ static int parse_and_write_reflog(struct files_ref_store *refs,
 				  struct ref_lock *lock,
 				  struct strbuf *err)
 {
+	struct object_id *old_oid = &lock->old_oid;
+
+	if (update->flags & REF_LOG_USE_PROVIDED_OIDS) {
+		if (!(update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) ||
+		    !(update->flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) ||
+		    !(update->flags & REF_LOG_ONLY)) {
+			strbuf_addf(err, _("trying to write reflog for '%s'"
+					   "with incomplete values"), update->refname);
+			return REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_GENERIC;
+		}
+
+		old_oid = &update->old_oid;
+	}
+
 	if (update->new_target) {
 		/*
 		 * We want to get the resolved OID for the target, to ensure
@@ -2993,7 +3045,7 @@ static int parse_and_write_reflog(struct files_ref_store *refs,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (files_log_ref_write(refs, lock->ref_name, &lock->old_oid,
+	if (files_log_ref_write(refs, lock->ref_name, old_oid,
 				&update->new_oid, update->committer_info,
 				update->msg, update->flags, err)) {
 		char *old_msg = strbuf_detach(err, NULL);
@@ -3061,7 +3113,8 @@ static int files_transaction_finish_initial(struct files_ref_store *refs,
 	for (i = 0; i < transaction->nr; i++) {
 		struct ref_update *update = transaction->updates[i];
 
-		if ((update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) &&
+		if (!(update->flags & REF_LOG_ONLY) &&
+		    (update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) &&
 		    !is_null_oid(&update->old_oid))
 			BUG("initial ref transaction with old_sha1 set");
 
@@ -3308,7 +3361,8 @@ struct expire_reflog_cb {
 		     dry_run:1;
 };
 
-static int expire_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+static int expire_reflog_ent(const char *refname UNUSED,
+			     struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 			     const char *email, timestamp_t timestamp, int tz,
 			     const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
diff --git a/refs/refs-internal.h b/refs/refs-internal.h
index f86887085191e8320900b11976a5dc80a75c560c..95a4dc3902f4ff25de91bae25c4008660144ae14 100644
--- a/refs/refs-internal.h
+++ b/refs/refs-internal.h
@@ -802,7 +802,8 @@ enum ref_transaction_error ref_update_check_old_target(const char *referent,
 
 /*
  * Check if the ref must exist, this means that the old_oid or
- * old_target is non NULL.
+ * old_target is non NULL. Log-only updates never require the old state to
+ * match.
  */
 int ref_update_expects_existing_old_ref(struct ref_update *update);
 
diff --git a/refs/reftable-backend.c b/refs/reftable-backend.c
index 4c3817f4ec1a887aa6e6feed2a1336ed2b29cbe2..25a1d516184e43cbfc6e57bc5ae66ec3b9ed1214 100644
--- a/refs/reftable-backend.c
+++ b/refs/reftable-backend.c
@@ -1096,6 +1096,20 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error prepare_single_update(struct reftable_ref_stor
 	if (ret)
 		return REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_GENERIC;
 
+	if (u->flags & REF_LOG_USE_PROVIDED_OIDS) {
+		if (!(u->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) ||
+		    !(u->flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) ||
+		    !(u->flags & REF_LOG_ONLY)) {
+			strbuf_addf(err, _("trying to write reflog for '%s'"
+					   "with incomplete values"), u->refname);
+			return REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_GENERIC;
+		}
+
+		if (queue_transaction_update(refs, tx_data, u, &u->old_oid, err))
+			return REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_GENERIC;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	/* Verify that the new object ID is valid. */
 	if ((u->flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) && !is_null_oid(&u->new_oid) &&
 	    !(u->flags & REF_SKIP_OID_VERIFICATION) &&
@@ -1180,8 +1194,6 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error prepare_single_update(struct reftable_ref_stor
 	if (ret > 0) {
 		/* The reference does not exist, but we expected it to. */
 		strbuf_addf(err, _("cannot lock ref '%s': "
-
-
 				   "unable to resolve reference '%s'"),
 			    ref_update_original_update_refname(u), u->refname);
 		return REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NONEXISTENT_REF;
@@ -1235,13 +1247,8 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error prepare_single_update(struct reftable_ref_stor
 
 			new_update->parent_update = u;
 
-			/*
-			 * Change the symbolic ref update to log only. Also, it
-			 * doesn't need to check its old OID value, as that will be
-			 * done when new_update is processed.
-			 */
+			/* Change the symbolic ref update to log only. */
 			u->flags |= REF_LOG_ONLY | REF_NO_DEREF;
-			u->flags &= ~REF_HAVE_OLD;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1265,7 +1272,8 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error prepare_single_update(struct reftable_ref_stor
 		ret = ref_update_check_old_target(referent->buf, u, err);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
-	} else if ((u->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) && !oideq(&current_oid, &u->old_oid)) {
+	} else if ((u->flags & (REF_LOG_ONLY | REF_HAVE_OLD)) == REF_HAVE_OLD &&
+		   !oideq(&current_oid, &u->old_oid)) {
 		if (is_null_oid(&u->old_oid)) {
 			strbuf_addf(err, _("cannot lock ref '%s': "
 					   "reference already exists"),
@@ -2140,7 +2148,7 @@ static int yield_log_record(struct reftable_ref_store *refs,
 
 	full_committer = fmt_ident(log->value.update.name, log->value.update.email,
 				   WANT_COMMITTER_IDENT, NULL, IDENT_NO_DATE);
-	return fn(&old_oid, &new_oid, full_committer,
+	return fn(log->refname, &old_oid, &new_oid, full_committer,
 		  log->value.update.time, log->value.update.tz_offset,
 		  log->value.update.message, cb_data);
 }
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index e965f022f12b78784964d4940615b1e9cf35a0e4..db9eea4fa456d027bf2b57bb13b831fceac8afa2 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -2578,7 +2578,8 @@ struct check_and_collect_until_cb_data {
 };
 
 /* Get the timestamp of the latest entry. */
-static int peek_reflog(struct object_id *o_oid UNUSED,
+static int peek_reflog(const char *refname UNUSED,
+		       struct object_id *o_oid UNUSED,
 		       struct object_id *n_oid UNUSED,
 		       const char *ident UNUSED,
 		       timestamp_t timestamp, int tz UNUSED,
@@ -2589,7 +2590,8 @@ static int peek_reflog(struct object_id *o_oid UNUSED,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int check_and_collect_until(struct object_id *o_oid UNUSED,
+static int check_and_collect_until(const char *refname UNUSED,
+				   struct object_id *o_oid UNUSED,
 				   struct object_id *n_oid,
 				   const char *ident UNUSED,
 				   timestamp_t timestamp, int tz UNUSED,
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 212ca0de2768b85ea0c217ea862ae2d6c06857b3..0fc1a167a1089627202efdf29de7ff4fd2d09918 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -1699,7 +1699,8 @@ static void handle_one_reflog_commit(struct object_id *oid, void *cb_data)
 	}
 }
 
-static int handle_one_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
+static int handle_one_reflog_ent(const char *refname UNUSED,
+				 struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid,
 				 const char *email UNUSED,
 				 timestamp_t timestamp UNUSED,
 				 int tz UNUSED,
diff --git a/t/helper/test-ref-store.c b/t/helper/test-ref-store.c
index 8d9a271845c4b60fb568a77020e21340e0a759c5..b2380d57ba30659bed220a86ae98b98cd92e8cfb 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-ref-store.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-ref-store.c
@@ -215,7 +215,8 @@ static int cmd_for_each_reflog(struct ref_store *refs,
 	return refs_for_each_reflog(refs, each_reflog, NULL);
 }
 
-static int each_reflog_ent(struct object_id *old_oid, struct object_id *new_oid,
+static int each_reflog_ent(const char *refname UNUSED,
+			   struct object_id *old_oid, struct object_id *new_oid,
 			   const char *committer, timestamp_t timestamp,
 			   int tz, const char *msg, void *cb_data UNUSED)
 {
diff --git a/t/meson.build b/t/meson.build
index 1af289425d437018ebe73bb47c7eeac43e142e66..d68f5e24dbe6d7dd477dddf8ca42bae82514af61 100644
--- a/t/meson.build
+++ b/t/meson.build
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ integration_tests = [
   't1418-reflog-exists.sh',
   't1419-exclude-refs.sh',
   't1420-lost-found.sh',
+  't1421-reflog-write.sh',
   't1430-bad-ref-name.sh',
   't1450-fsck.sh',
   't1451-fsck-buffer.sh',
diff --git a/t/t1421-reflog-write.sh b/t/t1421-reflog-write.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4e41838f8f12850524e889a57549e8394ed31a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1421-reflog-write.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Manually write reflog entries'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+SIGNATURE="C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112911993 -0700"
+
+test_reflog_matches () {
+	repo="$1" &&
+	refname="$2" &&
+	cat >actual &&
+	test-tool -C "$repo" ref-store main for-each-reflog-ent "$refname" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid number of arguments' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		for args in "" "1" "1 2" "1 2 3" "1 2 3 4 5"
+		do
+			test_must_fail git reflog write $args 2>err &&
+			test_grep "usage: git reflog write" err || return 1
+		done
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid refname' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_must_fail git reflog write "refs/heads/ invalid" $ZERO_OID $ZERO_OID first 2>err &&
+		test_grep "invalid reference name: " err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unqualified refname is rejected' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_must_fail git reflog write unqualified $ZERO_OID $ZERO_OID first 2>err &&
+		test_grep "invalid reference name: " err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent object IDs' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_must_fail git reflog write refs/heads/something $(test_oid deadbeef) $ZERO_OID old-object-id 2>err &&
+		test_grep "old object .* does not exist" err &&
+		test_must_fail git reflog write refs/heads/something $ZERO_OID $(test_oid deadbeef) new-object-id 2>err &&
+		test_grep "new object .* does not exist" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'abbreviated object IDs' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_must_fail git reflog write refs/heads/something 12345 $ZERO_OID old-object-id 2>err &&
+		test_grep "invalid old object ID" err &&
+		test_must_fail git reflog write refs/heads/something $ZERO_OID 12345 new-object-id 2>err &&
+		test_grep "invalid new object ID" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reflog message gets normalized' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_commit initial &&
+		COMMIT_OID=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git reflog write HEAD $COMMIT_OID $COMMIT_OID "$(printf "message\nwith\nnewlines")" &&
+		git reflog show -1 --format=%gs HEAD >actual &&
+		echo "message with newlines" >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'simple writes' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_commit initial &&
+		COMMIT_OID=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+		git reflog write refs/heads/something $ZERO_OID $COMMIT_OID first &&
+		test_reflog_matches . refs/heads/something <<-EOF &&
+		$ZERO_OID $COMMIT_OID $SIGNATURE	first
+		EOF
+
+		git reflog write refs/heads/something $COMMIT_OID $COMMIT_OID second &&
+		test_reflog_matches . refs/heads/something <<-EOF
+		$ZERO_OID $COMMIT_OID $SIGNATURE	first
+		$COMMIT_OID $COMMIT_OID $SIGNATURE	second
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can write to root ref' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
+	git init repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_commit initial &&
+		COMMIT_OID=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+		git reflog write ROOT_REF_HEAD $ZERO_OID $COMMIT_OID first &&
+		test_reflog_matches . ROOT_REF_HEAD <<-EOF
+		$ZERO_OID $COMMIT_OID $SIGNATURE	first
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1460-refs-migrate.sh b/t/t1460-refs-migrate.sh
index 2ab97e1b7dfa7e9a00004db08d0bcd511b890054..0e1116a319d53dd9f953da4e4efb4b3eee292d3b 100755
--- a/t/t1460-refs-migrate.sh
+++ b/t/t1460-refs-migrate.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,17 @@ export GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+print_all_reflog_entries () {
+	repo=$1 &&
+	test-tool -C "$repo" ref-store main for-each-reflog >reflogs &&
+	while read reflog
+	do
+		echo "REFLOG: $reflog" &&
+		test-tool -C "$repo" ref-store main for-each-reflog-ent "$reflog" ||
+		return 1
+	done <reflogs
+}
+
 # Migrate the provided repository from one format to the other and
 # verify that the references and logs are migrated over correctly.
 # Usage: test_migration <repo> <format> [<skip_reflog_verify> [<options...>]]
@@ -28,8 +39,7 @@ test_migration () {
 		--format='%(refname) %(objectname) %(symref)' >expect &&
 	if ! $skip_reflog_verify
 	then
-	   git -C "$repo" reflog --all >expect_logs &&
-	   git -C "$repo" reflog list >expect_log_list
+		print_all_reflog_entries "$repo" >expect_logs
 	fi &&
 
 	git -C "$repo" refs migrate --ref-format="$format" "$@" &&
@@ -39,10 +49,8 @@ test_migration () {
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	if ! $skip_reflog_verify
 	then
-		git -C "$repo" reflog --all >actual_logs &&
-		git -C "$repo" reflog list >actual_log_list &&
-		test_cmp expect_logs actual_logs &&
-		test_cmp expect_log_list actual_log_list
+		print_all_reflog_entries "$repo" >actual_logs &&
+		test_cmp expect_logs actual_logs
 	fi &&
 
 	git -C "$repo" rev-parse --show-ref-format >actual &&
@@ -273,7 +281,7 @@ test_expect_success 'multiple reftable blocks with multiple entries' '
 	test_commit -C repo second &&
 	printf "update refs/heads/ref-%d HEAD\n" $(test_seq 3000) >stdin &&
 	git -C repo update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
-	test_migration repo reftable
+	test_migration repo reftable true
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'migrating from files format deletes backend files' '
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index 2701eef85e9ef88e4f266172d151c0fc2ad51a0c..e592c0bcde91e9b41626d1ff7a355b4cc4a6580a 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -1658,4 +1658,77 @@ test_expect_success 'forbid adding superset of existing remote' '
 	test_grep ".outer. is a superset of existing remote .outer/inner." err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rename handles unborn HEAD' '
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove unborn-renamed" &&
+	git remote add unborn url &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/unborn/HEAD refs/remotes/unborn/nonexistent &&
+	git remote rename unborn unborn-renamed &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/unborn-renamed/HEAD >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/unborn-renamed/nonexistent >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename can nest a remote into itself' '
+	test_commit parent-commit &&
+	COMMIT_ID=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove parent || true" &&
+	git remote add parent url &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/parent/branch $COMMIT_ID &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove parent/child" &&
+	git remote rename parent parent/child &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/remotes/ >actual &&
+	printf "$COMMIT_ID commit\trefs/remotes/parent/child/branch\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename can nest a remote into itself with a conflicting branch name' '
+	test_commit parent-conflict &&
+	COMMIT_ID=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove parent || true" &&
+	git remote add parent url &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/parent/child $COMMIT_ID &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove parent/child" &&
+	test_must_fail git remote rename parent parent/child 2>err &&
+	test_grep "renaming remote references failed" err &&
+	test_grep "The remote you are trying to rename has conflicting references" err &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/remotes/ >actual &&
+	printf "$COMMIT_ID commit\trefs/remotes/parent/child\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename can unnest a remote' '
+	test_commit parent-child-commit &&
+	COMMIT_ID=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove parent/child || true" &&
+	git remote add parent/child url &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/parent/child/branch $COMMIT_ID &&
+	git remote rename parent/child parent &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/remotes/ >actual &&
+	printf "$COMMIT_ID commit\trefs/remotes/parent/branch\n" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename moves around the reflog' '
+	test_commit reflog-old &&
+	COMMIT_ID=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_config core.logAllRefUpdates true &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove reflog-old || true" &&
+	git remote add reflog-old url &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/reflog-old/branch $COMMIT_ID &&
+	test-tool ref-store main for-each-reflog >actual &&
+	test_grep refs/remotes/reflog-old/branch actual &&
+	test-tool ref-store main for-each-reflog-ent refs/remotes/reflog-old/branch >reflog-entries-old &&
+	test_line_count = 1 reflog-entries-old &&
+	git remote rename reflog-old reflog-new &&
+	test-tool ref-store main for-each-reflog >actual &&
+	test_grep ! refs/remotes/reflog-old actual &&
+	test_grep refs/remotes/reflog-new/branch actual &&
+	test-tool ref-store main for-each-reflog-ent refs/remotes/reflog-new/branch >reflog-entries-new &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	$(cat reflog-entries-old)
+	$COMMIT_ID $COMMIT_ID $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1112912173 -0700	remote: renamed refs/remotes/reflog-old/branch to refs/remotes/reflog-new/branch
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect reflog-entries-new
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 454601afa15a951adb6b70ae0687485a4448ed68..71bd17b610a89fc91db06bf7ecba1d028ec42dbb 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -972,7 +972,8 @@ static void wt_longstatus_print_changed(struct wt_status *s)
 	wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
 }
 
-static int stash_count_refs(struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
+static int stash_count_refs(const char *refname UNUSED,
+			    struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
 			    struct object_id *noid UNUSED,
 			    const char *email UNUSED,
 			    timestamp_t timestamp UNUSED, int tz UNUSED,
@@ -1664,7 +1665,8 @@ struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata {
 	struct object_id noid;
 };
 
-static int grab_1st_switch(struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
+static int grab_1st_switch(const char *refname UNUSED,
+			   struct object_id *ooid UNUSED,
 			   struct object_id *noid,
 			   const char *email UNUSED,
 			   timestamp_t timestamp UNUSED, int tz UNUSED,