Track and raise in dev any StandaredErrors rescued

What does this MR do and why?

Postgres errors were either being swallowed in the application layer or not bubbling up to the rails application layer in the recent incident. Here I looked though alot of the code to see if this was the result of rescuing too broadly without re-raising or tracking the errors. I've mostly addressed cases related to uploaders or CI as there are many more cases in the application. We should also create a cop for this as it's very dangerous to rescue all error types without re-raiseing them. This can hide bugs or even hide the root cause of an incident.