Heller, 1996 - Google Patents
Amperometric biosensorsHeller, 1996
- Document ID
- 9014175327043877191
- Author
- Heller A
- Publication year
- Publication venue
- Current opinion in biotechnology
External Links
Snippet
Over the past 18 months, our understanding of the chemistry and engineering principles of amperometric biosensors, including bioaffinity sensors, has deepened. In addition, several novel amperometric biosensors have been commercialized and progress has been made in …
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 OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O 0 abstract description 38
Classifications
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- G01N27/3272—Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels
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- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
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- G01N33/66—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood sugars, e.g. galactose
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