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NZ625782B2 - High strength, corrosion resistant austenitic alloys - Google Patents

High strength, corrosion resistant austenitic alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
NZ625782B2
NZ625782B2 NZ625782A NZ62578212A NZ625782B2 NZ 625782 B2 NZ625782 B2 NZ 625782B2 NZ 625782 A NZ625782 A NZ 625782A NZ 62578212 A NZ62578212 A NZ 62578212A NZ 625782 B2 NZ625782 B2 NZ 625782B2
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NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
alloy
weight percent
weight
ksi
mpa
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NZ625782A
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NZ625782A (en
Inventor
John J Dunn
C Kevin Evans
Jones Robin M Forbes
Henry E Lippard
Adrian R Mills
John C Riley
Original Assignee
Ati Properties Inc
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Priority claimed from US13/331,135 external-priority patent/US9347121B2/en
Application filed by Ati Properties Inc filed Critical Ati Properties Inc
Publication of NZ625782A publication Critical patent/NZ625782A/en
Publication of NZ625782B2 publication Critical patent/NZ625782B2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

Disclosed is a high strength and corrosion resistant austenitic alloy comprising, in weight percentages based on total alloy weight: up to 0.2 carbon; up to 20 manganese; 0.1 to 1.0 silicon; 14.0 to 28.0 chromium; 15.0 to 38.0 nickel; 2.0 to 9.0 molybdenum; 0.1 to 3.0 copper; 0.08 to 0.9 nitrogen; 0.1 to 5.0 tungsten; 0.5 to 5.0 cobalt; up to 1.0 titanium; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 phosphorous; up to 0.05 sulfur; iron; and incidental impurities. .1 to 5.0 tungsten; 0.5 to 5.0 cobalt; up to 1.0 titanium; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 phosphorous; up to 0.05 sulfur; iron; and incidental impurities.

Description

TITLE HlGH STRENGTH, CORROSION RESISTANT lTIC ALLOYS [This area has been left intentionally blank] FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY The t disclosure relates to high strength, corrosion resistant alloys. The alloys according to the present disclosure may find application in, for e and without limitation, the chemical industry, the mining industry, and the oil and gas industries.
BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNOLOGY Metal alloy parts used in chemical processing facilities may be In contact with highly corrosive and/or erosive compounds under demanding conditions. These conditions may subject metal alloy parts to high stresses and aggressively e erosion and corrosion, for example. if it is necessary to replace damaged, worn, or corroded metallic parts, operations may need to be entirely suspended for a time at a chemical processing facility. Extending the useful service life of metal alloy parts in facilities used to process and convey chemicals may be achieved by ing the mechanical properties and/or corrosion resistance of the alloys, which may reduce. costs associated with chemical processing.
Similarly, in oil and gas drilling operations, drill string components may degrade due to mechanical, chemical, and/or environmental conditions. The drill string components may be subject to impact, abrasion, friction, heat, wear, erosion, corrosion, and/or deposits.
Conventional materials used for drill string components may suffer from one or more limitations, For example, conventional materials may- lack sufficient mechanical properties (for e, yield th, tensile strength, and/or fatigue strength), ion resistance {for example, pitting ance and stress corrosion cracking), and non-magnetic ties.
Also, conventional materials may limit the size and shape of the drill string components.
These limitations may reduce the useful life of the components, complicating and increasing the cost of oil and gas drilling.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide novel alloys having improved corrosion ance and/or mechanical properties.
SUMMARY According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an austenitic alloy comprising, in weight percentages: up to 0.2 carbon; 3.5 to 10.0 manganese; up to 1.0 silicon; 14.0 to 28.0 chromium; 15.0 to 38.0 nickel; 2.0 to 9.0 molybdenum; 0.1 to 3.0 copper; 0.08 to 0.9 nitrogen; 0.1 to 5.0 tungsten; up to 5.0 cobalt; up to 1.0 titanium; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 phosphorus; up to 0.05 sulfur; a ed weight percentage of columium and tantalum up to 0.3; up to 0.2 weight t vanadium; up to 0.1 weight percent aluminum; a combined weight percentage of cerium and lanthanum no greater than 0.1; up to 0.5 weight percent ruthenium; up to 0.6 weight percent zirconium; and balance iron and incidental impurities.
In one embodiment, the austenitic alloy comprises, in weight percentages based on total alloy weight; up to 0.05 carbon; 3.5 to 8.0 manganese; 0.1 to 0.5 silicon; 19.0 to 25.0 chromium; 20.0 to 35.0 nickel; 3.0 to 6.5 molybdenum; 0.5 to 2.0 copper; 0.2 to 0.5 nitrogen; 0.3 to 2.5 en; 1.0 to 3.5 cobalt; up to 0.6 titanium; a combined weight percentage of columbium and um no greater than 0.3; up to 0.2 vanadium; up to 0.1 aluminum; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 phosphorous; up to 0,05 sulfur; and balance iron and ntal impurities; wherein the steel has a PREN16 value of at least 40, a critical pitting temperature of at least 45°C, and a coefficient of sensitivity to avoid precipitations value (CP) that is less than 750.
PCT/U82012/066705 QETAELED DE$CREPTEQ'ENOF CEPTAEN NQN—E.EE‘EEETE‘G ERIEBGE‘EEMENTS {ERNIE} E:- ES E3 E33 undersEmd Eh3:icerE’Eaimdescrimiens 3f the errEbodEmenES 333m;2333 herein 3333."333:1 sEEéEp‘:EEEed Eu EEE EEsE.3E3 may these eiemenis, feature& and 33533013 that are {33333m (3 a dear EEndarsEandEn3 3? E33. iischsed embadimenig. rm whim 3EEmEnaEing far 33 3f CEaEEEy 313:" {33:33:33, $333333, and 33,333E3.
Perscms E'ieevihg 0.3333333; skEEE En the art. 13;:on magma-3mg; {333333331 descripfim 3? Em, 033cE embodiments, WEEE Efemgnize E33; 0333? ,3E3memts 3mm as may ‘33: 1'3:3 in a pafiicuiar{mpE3m3EEEaEEcm or 33;)E3303 01‘ E33 discEcsszeEj ambédémrents. H3w3ver, because sue—h other eiemefilis andfor fea'iures may E13 ’30 EeafiEEy ascafiaéned 3m; EEE'Epfemenied by persms having amines"); skit! in. 3'23 art 3mm cansidexi’ng €33 n: (333333333 of E33; 33330333 embadémenis. and are cre not necessary fora campie‘ie understanding {if the. digcmsed embodiments, a descrimian of such 3E3ments 3331‘s? features is 33*. provéded E13E3En. As 3353, 513:9 E33 understwd that the descréption set E333 hemin E3 maraiy exempéary and E{3.33 Essie-sad 33333:;Eimemts and is not Eniendeci E3 1%mitt.1:3@033 of Ehe inveni‘:33. as defines,30E3Ey 3y3:3 £333. {£1993} AESG, any {Eijmfif’3E range E3GEE33E hamin53 En-3n3'333: E3 EmEude-afi 3LEE3~ rang33 subsumad themén. F3: 3x3!ET:{.333’1range 3% "E E3 E6" E3 intended tome:L313 aEE subwran'ges 3333333 {and EnchdEng} the recited mEEEEmum mine. 3? 1 3133-313 E33333 maximum wine 3E EQ, EEK—1t ES, having 3 minimum 93133 33:13! to 3r greater than 1 and a maxémum vaEw—s 3E eqzsaE t3 3: 33 ‘EE’E. Any maximum EfEEJmeE‘iztai EEmEEaEEorE E33333 herein is $35.333333 is 333E333 aEEEoweE c.aE EEmEEaEEGns smsumed Eberein and any minimum 33:33.3253E EEs E33333 3.333353intended EmEEE"53 3!! higher numerEcaE EN:33333 subsumed Ehemin. ACCELWEéngiy Appiica:Eta "») U": reserve the fight is 3313333133: 353333: dEschsure, Enc-Euc‘Eng the ciaims, 23 expressEy make any Subwafige subsumed within {he ranges expressEy recited 33:331. AEE such ranges-are En‘mndad EU E23 inherentb: fiissEosc—Ed ham-En such that 3m3E'EE‘EEEEg Em 3x3r3$31y Eadie any 3333 sub-afig33 meEd compiy mm the E33yu.3331333 313:: . {31"2 firsi 3.35739raEEE'E. and 35 USE: §E.3233) (1.}{33 {833% mEE‘aiEwEaE‘ECEeg333". "a""an", 3333 "the" 33 used 33E3Em are Named E3 533333 "at E333E one" er "3:13 3:" 313:3", EEEEE333 {Ethan-3533 indicated.
Thus, Eh3 3333533 3E3 333d 3333 E3 refer to 33.3 E3? more than me {:3‘ Ecs at $333: PCT/U52012/066705 {me} of the gmmmaiicai abjefis «3? the. ariicie‘ By way'pf'exampie, "a e-ht" rheahs ma a? mere Ghmpphehis, and thus, gxoszsibiy more1,123‘: me; chmpmeh‘i Es coniampiated and may he empih‘f'eai Sr..5336m an Empiemehia‘zéon 91‘ tha described emhcxdimems. 11mm} Aki percentages aaxd‘ rating are calcuéated based on ihe {azai weight of the aiioy: corhpcsiiihh, xm‘ies's othamise ted {1133"} Anypaiehi, pubiication, or other éisciesure m8teriai thatis 33id is be ihmrmthighé 5h whcsie or in pg."-.. by reference herein is inmrphrateh' h phi'y mi the éxient that the rated mathriai (ices hat ct wiih gdefihiiiprxs, if} siatemehis or ether discEQSura umteri’ai set mm:5:1 31%-s- uiSCxObdrfr As- such, and {a the xextezhs nscessary, the» disciasur‘e as setfarth bargain supersecfes any whfiictihg maiehal ihccarphraépd herein by mierehce. Any marieriai, or which therepf that is saiii to beirxitprporaied by rexercmh harem but «mi(3%"; conflicts with exxsiihg definitiona, statements, arrether‘disciosure m‘aieriai set farth herein :3 $3113; if"; <1r.poraied m then; xi that 110 cmfiic: grit-sea beiwexeh "that ihpprperaied maieriai 8:163:18 ng hisctpsxxra materiai; §$Q123 The present fiiSCEGSEf'S ihciudes deschpt’échs hf s embpdimehts; ii is {0‘ be xxhdersth-sd ihaf a}? embedihfihhts described i1-prefix an": axe hpiax.iéiustrstive, v 31has) hph»}:-h1if::hg Thus thezzwehticxhsx19:iim:ted by {he descrépiieh hi" the varicus exempiarv siusmizv aha: nphuiimiiihg embodiments. Rating: $319 ihvmiihh is ’"Aiexiheci soieiy by the si whip}: may be amended ‘10 write my fehiures axpraphiy or irahererxti'y dewribedsh 0r Dihfirf‘mSP expressfy {3m1*18‘an?3:\suppched by the. preteen: GiSClOSBFG {99$ 33 Conventicnai akihys piped Eh chemical pmhessihg, mining, ahdx’hr 0%: and gas {is} m ‘f‘piSwamps; may tack an optima; ievei pf camaiph resistance axxdx’pr-an optimal is:(8-3 Ch" one 01' mam h":z’achahipai prhperties ‘v’arieus wmadm‘ehw as"the:«xiioyxs dasuibeci mrein‘ may have within ages {war hcxm'amihhai aifihys, irwiucfiihg, but 119% ’limiied is, $erShaved corresion resistahce andx’pr "hemahscuf momma»; Certain embodiments may hxhibit impmvec} mechanicai grammes, without any {ad-uptich in hn rasisiance, fox 8113112116. n emimmmerx.. may exhibit impmwd PCT/U82012/066705 impactproperties; wetrtabtiity, resistant it; mrr‘esien fattgtse. gatéirrg matter hydmgen mtufitemnt rrztatwgtoccnventtonat13310353. {flaw} in wart-ms a? toewvmms it:re att03's deserttweed rterei‘n may have aubstantial ion resistance andfor actvanntageous mechanicat properttes 3:33:33 tar use in U1 dmg attma. ‘J‘rithoutwishing ta be bwnd tr; any pasticutar thwry, 3-: i3 bettevéd that the attoys descrined hererin may exhibit higher tensttestrength titre t0 an improved restmnse t0 Stair} flattening "tmrr‘; defermattm. white aim retaining high cer‘ros‘rm (estimating; Strain errittg 0r ttntd working} mayhe assert to $33rden materiais that dc: nut generaity respand’ watt {:3 heat treatment. A person» skitted in the art hewetter 3;;tl iate mat the exact etatum atme mitt ed e. may éepend cm the rrtatertat the strain, strain rate, andfer temperature at itefarmatton Without wishirg to be bou-mt to any mart CL:ar theory, it Es betieved that strata hardenihg an attoy having tbs commsitim described. herein may mare: efficienttv madame an 33%0y 3th tit:mg: improved 3mm nraststance andfcr methanca {trgpwttec than certain canvantécnai :3320313' {553 5} Accordtnq to StartQua; mmw‘rEng embodiments arse’iBSiéfiifib3&to m‘irtg to the presentdrswosurw mg3: mmprtse t tatty at"; or sensttgé at, m, 60?th mpper, Eran, manganeta', moltytzrjemsmr nitskst, carbars, nitmgen, 3:33 turxgsstan, and may, {mt need not, inctudfi (me er more at aiurrtinum, {3 $558013? tttantum', barium, mess. item"8,attitur, niobium" {£16. cotambtum} tantatum ruttmrsirtm, vanadium, and zirconium, either as tram stements 0r incidentat ttes. {333 $3} Atao, acmra‘irzg to varéotts amtocdtments, arr austenitic attic-y asmttjmg- ta the was.em"tits3332;333:3ch wise. "ans;stessmztiatt3’ of Bi" canststot tn waiht percentages 53336 cm total atioy weight, up to {3.42 CSt’be‘t, up to 29 zttamganez‘se, Git "t5 1i} silimn, 14,12} it; $283 chmmtum, 15.610 3803' (ticket, 293s}" ft8 matyfidenu"2,": {M ta 3.8:mpper {3ast\ a:qnitrngan t} t ‘33 5 t) tunngn 85 to 5:‘3 051333.: :33 ta 1. t} titanium, up ft; 5.55 bare-am. mg:- it) 0.05 us, up t9 €3.55 sutfur. treat? and incidefitat impurtties.
PCT/U52012/066705 } in addfiisn, awarding is various mmfimiiisg smbsdfimsnis, an austemités siésy according to the t «Tsiscissux‘e may comprise, .csssiai essentialfy sf, sr ssssist 03", m weight percentsgss based sg’: ista? afisy weight, 12pm 0.85 ’, H3 is 9.0 manganese, (3:3 is U) siiissn. 18.6 is 26.1} Chromium, 19.6 is 3?..{3 nEskeE, 3:0 (.51 is "AG molybdenum, {3.4 is 2.5 supper, {3.1 is 0.55 sitrsgen. €12 is 3'3 tungsten, {3.8 is 3.5 sssafi, up is {3.6 tiéaséum, a csmsinec? weight ssrssntags sf ssém‘nifium and tarnismm ns r than {3.3, up is {3.2 vanadium, 13pm {3.1 sis-minum, up is {3-135 ssrsn, us is 8.35 srsua up is 0:35 suéfsr, Ems, and §nsisen£a§ §msur§iées. {ssi 8} N323, accsisiisg is various nan—Erasing emssséMems, an susteniiis’ afisy acssrsing is the present d§ssissurs may csmsrise, ssnsist esseniiaiiy sf, or csss§st s3", is weight semerrtsges bases sn Mai aiisy weight; up is 0.435 carbon, 3.0 is 8.0 manganese, {M is 0.5 Siiics’rg. 129.3 to 25.6 chromz’sm, $56.3 ts 35.13 mow 3.0; is 8.5 mséybdsnsm, 0.5 is 15-1} ssppez’, 3.2 is {3.5 nitrogen, 93.3 is 2.5 tungsten, 1.9 to 3.5: , up is us titanium, a sombissd ws§ght perseséags s? ssmmbium ass? {antst as greater than {1113, up is 0.2 vanssiam, us is 13.1 aiumisum. up is {35:35 borsn, up is 0.05 sh‘sgphsrsus. us is 0.05 suifur. émn. and incidents: Emsuriiiss..
{M19} is various sss—timifisg embodiments. an s§3syasssrsing is the present :.«A. bassurs may ssmsrise sarbss m any sf the fséiswing weigh-t semests‘ge ran-gas: up:s ,2’ ;{1; us is 13.8; up is 0.2.; up 296.88; 1.1;) is (Ia-.95: us is €3.93; 0.1135 103.0; as: is 2 G; 0.6:": is 1.0;. 0,8? $00.8; 9.91 $06.08; {3.91 is (3.85; ) to {3.81. 339.23% in varisus iting smbsdimssts. an sits}! ng is the presses dississure may ssmprisemangansse in any of the fsiiswé‘ng weight percentage ranges: us is 20-0; up is $13.6; 1.0 is 20.0; "3.0 ts is; if} to 9.31.633 8.0; 2.0 to "3.8; 2.6 :{3 8531;3510 65.: and $1.0 {06.0. {$323} Es Varésus nos-firséting erg-abscfimsms, an afisy asssrdisg is the: meg-ant ssurs may semsrfss Sins-an is any sf the fsiém 'irsg weight isgs ranges: up is H}; 0.? ts 1.3; {3.5 ts if}; and {M is ‘35. {@322} is vsrésus nsmuiimiting ments, an aiisy assuming is 33‘s present. discbsurs may ssmprim shmmism is s-sy of ms foiiswing weight psmemsgs 33 ranges: 14,0 :0 28.1"}; 16$ is 25.1); 18.6319 .23; 39.1} is 35.6; 28.0 is 243’}; 26.8 is 22.8; 21 .1": s 23.8; and 117.8. is 2316'.
PCT/U52012/066705 £00231 5"- 03 non151551513 ambcdimemtgt, an 53550.3: according to the 5259353535 35303030553 may 52525555355555‘355125505552 any ofr353 {5‘35 5055:mg weight {3355220555538 ranges: 55'335531‘3.Q8.;‘5QQ503.Q;3'0.‘3'0353.5) and 2555553372.5} {00355} in 5553550533 53055552355555553 05550556551583 :3 an 5331533? 53533055255053 5:3 the 5.35.3055! C3! 55335350535558 may comprises 5201555555355055:m any 52555335135505.5353; 55:52:@535 53535035553053 ranges: 2.0 50 Q5); 3.0 50 30 5.53 6.5; 5.5 50 53.5; and 6.53 553 0.5. {0025} 55': 5335553533 ting embaéimenis. an 5555055 ‘mg 55:: the 0352353555 0550035330553 may 0053533513353 053053535 is: any 535 the 505353555535; weigh: tage 55309523: 53,150 3Q; 55.35 50, 2.5;: 53.5 50 2.5); and 3 1.5. ’55) {53028} in 5":5505352 525353--5m5'r5 embodiments. an 055)5 according 55:: the {3555553325 5533:3555:525:9 may 00535325553 535255453555,59. any 535 55553 55355535550535 we;95.25 53535»:353535535553 585553853: 008 553 Q9 Q.QB 553 0.?5; Q 5 55:0553': 02 55: Q5:35355 0.250 QB in certain embw‘imenta. 53350136253 may be 55 02 to Q :35 weght 53595:::BRI 53: 53. 3 weight t 55.: address its 555535536 Eoéubiéity in 555:3 3555335. "553 {5502733 :52 553 noméimfiing embodiments, 5255 05503.: 3553035g 50 the 535055053'. 535353:'osure may 0535555352353 5055533505: in any 0555153 553550555529 weight perc'entage rangea 5553 '3. Q; 535 to 1.55; Q2553 3.0; 55.2 50 53.8; and 0.3 553 2.5.
{QQEQ} 5nvarious "2mfimiting emboaimems. an "5%03: 3052535555120 553‘ 5535: present 55553855525558.5085' 05355553553530535350an 2303.:53f the. 5055'53555052 55553::9555 53650535353530 ranzms: up 5050 50; 0.550": Q;0.855330‘1 :3550; 1 01'53I8Wj ‘5 050.3Q 555 00553553 embodmmnts. 0530355 mexpectediy improved 55100533555335 350'553'553:3 525 the 5355533). Fer 835322353553. in 053553352 535525305555:85553 53’." the 33505; 230555550533 of 00531355 may 3350536553 up 552 82"55> 55152553525.53 in toughness. 55" 55;- 5'5 20‘" 5110553533055"; 35555053 3355555535" improved 5253550535535": 56383555355533. W555'55mt wéshing 50 be bound 55‘: 515'.-35353555053532' {R} (3‘ theory, 55:3 0055 5355355 that 325 may 555858838'55153 5535355 "555353 55:: 5385fi¥35é5§5583 S'gma phase {35:30: 3555353 :53 the 535503! 5853555355.:53005000355099.0519 variants which exhibited higher 565353 of0335555553 phase '35 55553 $353555 53005353353535; after 5:535 555351555313.- {QQEQ} 553 0555; 53051455355539 embnfimmm an 3510:: 53:35:53:'56=55»: 50 5535.3 pres 2.55 5558050055553 5055' 005553555253 51005353553505}3’ 3 325355 5255050555 35053-52523: 5-. 5-355:» 535550555 3:"! 555 :5. 02‘ 5553253 21‘? 505:5 55's 053555355: embedP553555 fer errzpie the 053.333.2555"@3593 we§ghzt percemage 3990 may be 9999': 4:1. Theft use 9.? 99998 and 94995399 may impart d‘ soiid 5393:9599 straw-{99399919 the . {383$} 29 9399333 not‘xuiimiiirjg‘ embiudémenis, 99 93393199999399 {9 :99 9.392399: .ciésdcsm'e may comprise 9199399393 any 9;" the feiiowérng weight 339359939999 ranges: in 93:3 29 1,33; 1:919 €3.46; L39 '9 Q1 ; up to {3.333; {303135 to "1.91; and 0.? 1:0 GS £9333} in 99901353 999999899 9939919999398, an aéiey awarding i9 ihe 9939339: 99:493 may :tamgrise 99909939"; in any 93' the fafiawing weéqm -stage @9999: ; 9910 {3.6; up to {3.1; up is: {3.01; £3005 to H}; and 8.? 19 0.8; {9932} in s 9994599399; emimdiments, :«39 933-93; awarding t9 the present "x {1'3 999103199 may camprése coiumbmm {nbfium} as‘sdio‘r éaniaium in any of the foi39w§99 v39§g9t ger'ceswtage ranges: 9.9 191.3; 99 is 8.8; 139 to 0.3:; {if}? is 1.33; QC"; :9 (‘5; GK}? :9 m; and QC? ii) 9.5.7 $9 3399093 mmifimiting 991999391999; 99 93953: 2399993593.; {a :99 939399: discmsum 91931999299539 :3 cambined weight 9939999399 93’ 9939; am} iamaium 39 any 93' the foiicwing ranges: up $19 3.0; :39 in 6.5;: 439 Rs SIS; £3.53? 19 "5.313; 9.913;) 0-8; 9.93 ’39 {3.1; and (3.7% to {3.8. {63833} in vamus nomiimiiéng embadiments, an 3993; 999939399 :9 :95: 93633993: dimiogum may 999193359 339.93de 29 any 9f 399913993?ng weight 9939939999, 93: {1919 ‘1 .8; up :9 {3.8; 3.9319 {3.2; {3.131 to, H}; 53.0"; 9:; =38; {1.335 39 {3.2; 5199 0,1 1.9 {338 1283334} =9 $99995 non-Eiméfing 99199991999, 99 3.39:3: 899991399 3.9 the present €2.33 9999351339 may 99939959 aiuménum En any 9;" the f’eianin‘g 39933;; {399993999 ranges: 139:9 919 0,5; :39 i9 8,1;u9t9 9.93,; 0.63% ts 1,0; {M 19135; and {335 {0 {3.3. {993% £9 3399993 9999399999 339999, 99 9¥39y according £9 :99 99353991; {fiscioswe may 99979999 99399 i9 any 9'? the failswéng weight parcmtag‘e rangeS: L39 :9 0,85; 9;; t9 8.".3; up #9 ; 99 :9 8.5333; up t9 3233365. {893%} in 999998 9994399899 9939992399939; :39 933933 acmréing is; £99 present" 9339393939 may 9929:9939 pmsapfmrmas in any 9E 1899;909:399 weigh: 9939939899 399393: 99 is 6.85; up :9 @025; 99 is» 6.0;; 399 up 3:9 {3.3305, PCT/U82012/066705 {S0333 in varims nonwlimiting erfimdimenis, an afiey awarding; :0 {ha present d‘iseégsws may mmprése sufifur 3:": (my 01‘ {he faiimvéng wefighit. percentage ranges: 11;.) to SSS; up t0 0.925; up‘ia S..S1;*am§ up in SSSS. iSSSSE En varicus nenwE-iméiéng embmiimenis; m baiama a)? an aifcy’ acwriiéng is the present ssure may wrnprise 3mm and mai imwfities‘ fin various embmfimenis, the :aiéoy‘ may camprése 5mm in any Sf the foiéowéfig weight percentage? : up {a Si); up {a 50; 20 :3 80; 2:3 to 50; 23 :0 4:3: 3:510 45; 38%;") 50; 4C; 20 SS; 48 t5) 50: 4S is: 45‘; and SS :0 60‘ {WES} in aeriaér; non-iimfifing {embodémentg 052m aéley ng to the present "i 3 discicsure, the 389:; may E~m§ude one gr mare trace eie;,n-r3m3. As used ? *Sace afiements" refers t0 e§emen§s Sm? may be present i=1 the aim}; 33 a resuét of the compasiiim of fi‘aéfi raw materiais amdfsr {he meat meihad empmyed and » fhich are-:- mt present in soncentraiéms mat (:33 mi significaniéy veéy affect imporiani mtg-games, fifths aiiay‘, 831 theme wapertées are generaléy described herein; Trace eviaments may inciucgfe, far, exampie. ma or mare cf titanium, zirca’nium, coiumhium um}, éani‘amm vanadium: aiuménum, and heron in, any of the cancent‘mtéons deacribed herein §n certain nonaiimitifig embsdimems, Sane eiauwrsis may mi hé present in afiéys ng m "the presen£ disciasurfi. As is knewm in the art, in pmducing ways; trace: ekements typicaéiy may be .E'as'geky a? w‘hwiiy efiminai'eti by seiec’iien a? panicuiar Staffing mamriais 3min? use (If parficuiar praceaskxg ques. in var‘iaus mnéiméiing embodiments, an aiioy acmrd§ng is the present discmsure. may com-prise a Eats? wncen-trafion sf trace eiQmems in any a? the {gnawing Weighs: mmentage rangasi up ts 3.8; m if) 1.8; up is {3.5; up is 0.1; 0,1 ‘ta ,8; 0,1 {1}";3; grid (3.? to SE: :"fl {3&6} in ‘Jaf‘iOUS mwiiméting embficiéments, as"; aiéay awarding tame present discziogwe may comprisg a iota: ccmcenftra‘iion 0f incidanfiai impurities in any of thg fcfiiawing wfight pamenfiage : p up {a 3.0; up {a 3.;{3’ up 9:} S3; {3;} 113 S; S"? in .3; S.":1 to TS; and S1 to 0.5. As generaily used herein. the term "Encéden‘tai impurfiéesf‘ refers 333 one Cu" more of bismuth; 93$:me cerium, Eanihanurm iead, Oxygen; megahertz-ma ium, sé'iver, seéenium, suifw, teiiurfium; Sn and. airmnéum, whim may Fae western in the 5330; ii": miner.mnmntraiims, in Swims: nmvéimifiéng embodimfints, zsiuai incidenéa? imwfitiea‘. 3:".- an aiéay ' mmfimg to the WO 30139 PCT/U52012/066705 026300: (1130305002 00 001' 0x22220 :00 2022522er maximum weigh: 0020232210900: 0.0005: h; 0.1 031012202; 0.1 00212202; 0.1 302211230222200001 1000;001 1122.001 ; 0.5 ruthgmum; 0.0.005: 0112102"; 0.0.005 selenium; and 0.0005110310210221. 2:: variaus 0511229 embodiments, 2120 0001022100 0111 percentage of am :200'0m 2202.310: 1222223200020 and um 110 the 0130',» may be up 10 0.1. 12: 2225210223 r200~ 3101352an 52200000062010, the 00010-12200 Weigf'fi 00:09.2;£090 of 3.03: 00:32:20 21:12:20:- Eanihanum 02832-201 20 21:22 0110;: may be. 00 10 0.1.0200: 6102022023 that may :20 000522222 :23 5210300:1:03 imp-2221:5022 311E138 011020 0000213300 00:01:: 222111 00 23003.rent :0 "21:09 0:22.100 0201:1503: 31011 1211120 art. 3nFIVE-21101.15 02201-110212100 00210001020015.021 0310112 1:0. 2301;02:11an 10 2120 0205802 02:"0103020 may 10010210 3 20101 (30000012221500 01:20:20 0100100123 and 601511 impurities in any 01132010131022.7109 20030122 tage : 0010100;02:22:25.0;00101.0;003005‘001001011010.;0 O1 11:210 and 0.110 0.5: {(30413 1:2 0220000 00011222111023 02000012002213, 00 22052210223210.0110}! 000020100 20212:} present 911250103are may '00 000.0109220210. This 01102002003110 2220321003029 0220 01’ the 2211022 2‘: 22101011 00r2~2210gnet§0 0202200103 320 1222002100210012301225}. 10: 0x01222210, use 211 002.101.0011 and gas 0:113 81::ng 00020000010002110221:03 0006210 00224301121023 12210013 221' the 3228100100 01103; 2100000520 1302010 212032 1280."‘132‘8"§83’3£‘3§ by .0, 22139203210 00202002213123: 02212222 {22...} 2.0121110 22 002120030: 202200.153 "220003 022000000013. the magnetic. parmeabéfiiy 2131220 01' 022 $3103: 30002-225100 201120 :22'050r2*':110"1o3020 may 00 100021200 1.01, 1030 than 1.005, 322010: 185.3 than 1.001 in2.21005 embpdimcms 212:3 311303.: may 1.2030002332213132; 1:23:2- 12‘0212. ferrite. {0002} 12': 2132102222 02322412225000 00300012120015, {20.522252621221110 ; 0000:0500 10 2120 0:00:20: 0158103000 may be characterized by a 02528013.2200 000122010:0022 number .251 {1.3101310120302103 03010010.: 232200. As is 0000:01000'. the PREN ascribes a reiafive 2.2531220 20 3.21 231302:q expected :0015220000 20 01102291 00000100 :22 a Chiarideu00ntai21ang 0210000211001. Genee‘afiy, 2311:2223 3:821:10 a higher F‘REN 3:0 0210230100 {:2 have 100110.?" 00m;0'00 ‘81353038 1122.222 0110'gs 12222:1220 a 102»:20: PREN {30:2 02210: 13031 0030012:11100 {10011008 :3 13521531318 220300 1:31:13; 222012211002322:"; 20:222013,23102030 2:252 000201210003 are: weigm percentagea 02-3000 021 0110'; 2022212212: 0023221171,: .03: 23.322212102212222:22122221 851W} PCT/U82012/066705 :n vafioUs nan—Eimfting embodimenig: 3:1 3:80}: awarding to the 9:83.811: disciasure may have a RREN:5-\i3§:xeir1tar'1y 3f the feiiewing ranges: 3.3;) :0 50; Up £3 £8; grams-,1: than 39; greater EEK—3:11:50; greater that: 45; greater than A8; 33 it: 813; Si} :0 58; 3G:0 5113;4316 6U; 51; 4% ’33- 50; and-481:0 :5?) Wifhwt Washing to be: <3! bound to any" Ipar-ticular’th-ewrv :1 is beiéewed that a 31Eg%:er RRENe.113le :nay‘indi‘eate: a hégher iikefihwd that :33 ails}: wiif exhihit s'ui‘fiaziem Carreésion resistante 5:1 envimnmefis such as, far axamgéa, highéy cermsive environments, high ienmerature Unvmnmentg a::d 13w {mammare Myren'ncns Aggressiveiy canes513:1 enfiron‘QOts may exést in, ft): s;::3:1*=‘;1§:3~s chenficai precessing equipment and the K:G :icwn—Uele efiwimnmem fie which adrii: sizing is qujecied in 1:3: endgas' ciréifing appfications, Aggressévaéy mmasive E‘EF‘PfiffiS may subgeci an aiéoy £0, for axamme, aikafine:compeunds,a"m::‘iiféeé uhbrides3:333:13. acédéfleci 3:115:36: sc§u:‘iens. pemxédgs, ancifm 082.310m 1331:: extra.me temperatures {E36343} in varieus itimg ambedmenis, :31": austeniiic 3:30}: awarding to the A:5 yrs-38m ciiscissure may be Characterized by a :meffi‘dent 13:" sensitivity :0 avoifi precép-an.3 vaiue (OP) within a uéa: range, The CF‘ 3333:; is demribed :11, for exampie, US, Patent N3. 533%,638; 3:1fiti3d‘fiusier1iiic Jess Sieei Having Hg}: Px‘cpeflies", The CR 1'3:32' is :1 r3:afive indication 3:" the kinefim 3:" gracimitation‘ C33" Mermetafiic 3:133:38 Er: an 3333;. A (33:3 wing 1113;; be :‘s‘aicuiated Uaing h) ‘13 U19, foilcwing a,rmvherei:1 the: perenniages are M33331: percent?{ms i>338d cm 3:13:33: weight :3? w 1»: :— 93:35:53 + 33:91AM: 5:1:131+:3g3r3m} + 53:10) 2:339:31} Wiihw: wishing {a be a any pafiicuiar 1:143:31: i113 ed that 513 having a ER 361:us Set;5: ihe:1""=’:Qwiii’ 5313151315? advantagamus austeniie stabééi‘ty which. 0": heips it: e HA2 {heat a???acted zane: ization hem Eaten 13:33:23 phases :1::ring. weir;mg En varécuss nmdiméiing embed'imems, an 3:133; describee‘ herein may navg'a C? : of U149 g ranges: 13:3 11;: $83; up :3 .?'ESU; i853 ihan 3’53; mm 21°10; iess than MO; up :3 $580; and€168:"5-3 {98:34} 1:: variaus :133~ii:1:i'£i::g 3:313:33invents! an <§U816§"é"":33}; awarding 1-3 "‘6 {A} (:3 {39363:}: d:aciusure may he :.§*aro:"*:ar:2»>3 bya 1‘3:33":33: "Etiing Tempgmiwe (GP?) and?a: a {firsthafi Crevice Cerresfisrfii‘empera:um :flSCT) within namemm: :311@133«I 1:1 certain amfimfims: :ZPT‘and COST wafues 11:3}: 1:33:31 amurateiy :s‘::§éc Ariieezsof mafiufacturs Ehai may Em:make an a:'an uzwmmg0316:: present disciosure may be sciechad iniT’i Em axampEe paras and amusements fer use En the chemEcaE 0'}: in62:23fairy, emrmi ry mihiag industry GEE Endsswim gas industry paper industry, med sing indusiry: pharmaceuticai ry: andy’er‘isaier ser‘sice industry. Nanni'imé'ting exampEes of speeific articles. of msnufasiure that may e an aEEby accsrxiiVa; E0 the present; dEscEassure;m:ads: s 91:98; a shest a Nate; 8 bar; a rod; 3 forging; a tank; a pipefiaxe compoasnt; pipirig, cundensers c135 heat {’J (:3xia {(13 sissiendsé for use WEEEE. chemEcaEs, gas, crufie DEE, seawaien service wafer: {22{2er cmmsiv’s fluids (6.23:, sixes.iéns cemwunds acEEfieri chEaside sefumns, acidified suifide seEutEans, andfer paroxides}; fiiter washers, vats, Ema? press mEis En puip bEeacE‘aEng wants; servicewaéer piping sysE:ms for r pgwer piaMS and power péant ssrubhsr‘ suxximnmsms: camponents Ear process systems for ’E S affshare 05E and gas piaii’orms; gas wsii compass-sis, Encmding Eubes, wives, hangers, Eandéng I‘EEQPEGS, EooEjaEnts and packers; Whine angina is; desaiir’zatém mmponents and mm 3:3 tsEi 0&1 EEEsixiicsvwiumns and packing; ea fa: mains envimnmerits, suchas far examsle transfsrmar cases; xiaivas; shaffing; flanges; reacts-r3; coEiecE‘ors; segaiaiars; exchangsrs; pumps; cempmssars’; *asteners; flexibie amnestm‘s; ‘zzerim '3; chimney Einsis: fine ; and csrtsin drEEi string comps‘nenis- such as, is? examfaie: siahiiizer‘s, rotary rabie (Eriiiéng mmpmsms, drEiE miiara, aibiads stabéiizers. stasiéizer mEEndEEe-Es? drEEiEng and maasursmemEubuiara msasuremefiEs—whEEeEEEEEiEEEg housings, icgging~wh§ie~tir§i§ing Musings, nan—magnetic EirEEi wéiars, nommagnsticrddii Esme, integral Made non— €111 magrgefic SSQL‘EEEZSI‘SE mnm‘tagnefis EEex csiiars: and camsressive service .dEEiE pEpe. {334?} AiEoy‘s scurdéng E9 We present {Eiscfasure may be made accarciEmg is *echniques known it} those s(Ema: ski}! won ramming Em 55EEEGE‘: {3f the aEEoy‘ descrébaci-In the pisses: dESCEL"sure. Far exsmyie, a mama? Jar gig‘miming an austenitic aEiGy awarding E0 Em present discissure may generafiy se: ‘3 g3::EV‘ELEEEmg an ‘xz,wiioy having any DE the cemmsiEE(ms sew:Ebedin this passer:E E‘SCEQSUEwe; and strain "S"(Eef‘iflg them:say in axes-Ems nerflimiting .embadimems or the msmw, Lne swims: 33.?(23;:{imprises :ensEsts essentiaiéyof 0r cxsrssEsE-af, ir E.eighf persisntagxe yup:*;-:2C‘2 scamsn; :33 £020 mama-Ease E0 PCT/U82012/066705 1.0 n; "34.5) if; 3&6} chmmium; 55.0 {‘0 38.0 nicket; 2.8 is 8.0 maiytsdenum; fix? in 3.0 copper; $3138 in (m nitmgen; {3.3 to 5.0 tungsten; {3.5 m 5.0 cabafi; up, it: 3.0 um; up 23.123535 boron; up So 0.35, mus; up ta 3.95 swim; Eran; anti inmédentai Empurétées, in vafious ncmvé’iméting emimz'fiments of finch a method, siraén *aéanzfig the aiéoy may he; seawater} En a mnvmi‘imyai manner bydeformmg the aé‘aoy using me {3r mare 13$ miiing. forging p‘iercéng, axtmding, shat hasng geeni'nr‘, andim‘ bending ‘Lha aiécy. in vafiws non—Eimiting embadimeuis, atr‘am widening may e mid warking {he aim-y. {$348} The step at" ng an a‘ustenéiéc aflcy hex/mg any of {m compasiiiens 4.) described m the present sure may maximise any wmbe cam'enfionai {technique mews": in the an is? graducifig meta; aligy3 such as, fat-r exampie, meii practices and paw-rim meizafiurggy praciices. Nan—faméim-g exampies 0i canvemémai mes‘i practises inflame, wiihautiimit’aticm, s ufiiiaing wrifiumahia mefiéng techniques (9.9., vamum arcr‘ezr1elting{‘JAR}and sEag remelti;,-:- {ESE}; mm consumabé’e‘ mafiing techniquas ‘{e,g;, :3me mic} hearth matting am? e¥ectron beam 503d hearth making}, amd a mmbimfim of '1an or more of these techniques. As émawn in the 2m, madam pawfiered meiafiwgy grammes. far preaafing an aiioy generaify inwwe producing pavede‘r'ed 233le by the famwing steps; AGE}: VOL}, 0s" vacuum inductian‘ maxing éhgredierfig to prwmie 3 Wait having the deS§rec§ campesiiim; Vaimzizing the me}: using a comrenfimai ammizatian techn‘é’ques {o previde a powciered altay; and irag and sintarirgg 3&3 Qr-a pariion Sf {he isowfiered alioy‘, is": {me aonvenfionai atomization iec;i‘zn§que, a siream of the meit is; coniacb‘afi m: the sp‘imifig made cf an atamizet, which breaks up the stream inks smafi fimpieits. The dramas may beramdéy sofi-fiffied in a vacuum 03* Mei": gas m()1 aimasphem, provioééng smaié soéid 33:03; wrficfies‘ {3&9} Whether premrirxg an atiey using meii 9r powder meiaEE-Latgy grammes, 2.1m 'ings‘edienés aged is; pmcfim the 31ny (whit-3‘: may EHCEU‘fiE‘. far a, {sure eéemaa'ktai starting mataréaiss master aitoys: semisrefined materiaés, andim scram may be mmbined in a conVentiaDnaimannar in desiz‘ad amauszt‘s and 223(k)?» and 39 mimdused into be seéectad mafifing apparatus. "a"hmugh amuroggr‘ia‘te seie’cfisn of feecf 6am, mm 9 Si'fiefiis 84$}de incédem‘a! fie-s may be maid B3 accepiabie Eweis 1;} abiain degérea‘ mechanicai 0r ether properties in the fimai 353m}; The PCT/U82012/066705 seiec’éinnand manner :3? cn of each of the raw éngradienis LC: farm the mail: may he narefLLLLyCQr-1Lrniéed because {11‘ LL19 affect these adcfi‘iians have on LL13 nmneriie‘s 'nf the 3.4L?{>57 in Lne finished f8:m A5SQ. :eféan: 11:: tech LLLL‘LUES LLsewn Ln {L19 art may, be applied Ln reduce CLL‘ eiiménate- the pregame cf 1,:nde3irabin eiements .andfcr inns in inn aL'o Wzen {naked the {naieriai3 may be: someEnateé‘111x351 gennrafiy LinmogemLs form via cmvnntinnaf :maLthg and precessi;113 LeeAniques. {8953} Various ("anmvnbnm Q?the AUwiféme" steak astray bed herein may have anmvncfi corrosion anen aminrmncnanicai ine raiativa La ,nanventénnaL aiinys. 088.3313 ‘33? the. 33:33: aznbnnimants may have uitiz'nate LensiLe sLLear.in, yiefid strengén. per-2911*; eLnngatinn (main: hardness greater wmparahie to or "newerman DATALLQY 283- a:Leg andior AL6X§1L®aELoy A558, neria‘én of LL18 aLEny emhnsjimens may "have a PREN {3P CPT CL",‘CT and/c: 80:23 La:‘uas ccmparabie in or. greater than {ILA-TALLOYECEL) aiLny andim .AL—-8XL\L@ aLLny. Ln afidéfinn. n nf Lhe a:"Loy mean may havemerwen'-L'a'zigue SL-Length micmsmsturai stabifityg, mug-mess, karma! cracking reséstance, pitting corrosion, gaivanic agnoséon, 58C, maeLfinabiLity. anfifnr gaéiing resistance: Leis-Live in GY 2® SELLS}? 3:181:31 AL; 6XN® aMy As RL'LQWE’L Ln Li~mse§1avéng 01dine.«Myski?LanLLhe arL, GATALLGY aiiny L3 8 BrALn—N staénLesss $18633 having LL18 Latinwfing noménal nnmpositécin, in 11:3?th percentages: 0.03 carbnn; 9.3L} siiiccn; ‘15.? manganase; "$5.3 nhm-mLLn‘n; 2.1 2G "mlybdenum; 2.13 nickeE; {L4 nitmgen; haLancn Eran am ties. As aisc: known to £51038 L131.SngnLn.‘Lnary 32:581:: the e11:fiA‘—€‘XL"""‘3LLL§§L{LXNS N083S‘f} L5 3 ausienificetainéas15 sie‘ei haeing the Lat!<>:ving hag-Lea! cnmpnaétinn, in weighL gercantages: {3{)2 carbon; 0AL) manna:1339;» 8'38.3185nhnms; {3£361 same"; 205 m; 24".. :LLnkeL; oL‘y‘bdnnum; =322 n:itmgen; 8.2 mapper; bainncn'1mm.
E’w.) 113'! SATALLOY"3233 aim}; and ALL-EXNLL" 3803; 3:9 Lava-Liam«a: from A:Legheny Techno?-engies annmoraind, PLthbnrgh. PA USA. §8Q§L§ En .aertain nan»iimiLLng esT‘sijfidit‘nELi'LtS. 2m aiiny According in the preseni dLscinsure exhiniis. afli' mam tempefaiure, uLL‘émaLe LensiLe sirength of 3L Least 23% ksL. 3:16:sz strangin {if Miami 58 ASE, anfifn: nt e;cngafian cf at baa-st’ 5% Ln varinus Ginaer nan-Limiiing amhcnmews ana‘LLLQy awarding in the me an: dissinsuse, in an anneaind sLaLe M183 3L mam eratnrn. animate. Lernsiie:‘Lrengih in LAG range of $38 2:35, tn 150 LLLE= yieid 5389!:th in LL1e'L’ange QT 53 XS§ Ln 12L")- ASL! ancffor‘ pamnnt PCT/U82012/066705 eiengetten its the range of 26% to 65%. in various nemtimitihg emhedtmehts. after strain ing the a:my, the afiay exhi53‘:3 er: uititttete termite gth of at teaet fast" a yte’td strength of at feast 10?: Rat, atheist? a percent etettgetien 91‘ at tees}? E(.317% in cement ether hantirzfittng embodiments, after strain hardening the effigy: the {it ettey exhibits er: uhtmate etn the range at 105 kst to 248 he} a yteie strength in hge cf 1‘.t} ketta 5:5 test, endier a peasant eiengetien tn the range at tfifilstu 33% in ether new:utémtting emhcetmehte, after strain hardening; an ettey accordinet the present éisateeure, me eltey exhi'ptte ey Steai th up ) stahez'er an etttzttete tenette strength up it: 358 keé.
EXANPMES {8552] The verieue enmedi‘ments described herein may be hattervuhdemteod when, read itt can;attention with we fit mere cf the feifswtng tepreeentat‘Ive exampest The fettewing examples are inducted fer emphases of ittuetretteh and net. iien. {56533 Severet 3:39 peund heats were ed byvee having the itiens tistect in Tahte ’3 whereih e theicete that he vetue was iied for the. etenteht, Heat Nemhers WT~175 {0513181 represent nervtimitthg embedtmeete of attoye ac.cording it) the present attestGenre Heat Numhete‘WT-SZ 80FE«T‘=, and 555EB? reefesent embodtmen‘teeat SATANCY"e®e536}; Heat Namher 151583 reprwashis an embedtme3t of ALnfiXNiPZ‘ ext032' the heats wees cast :n‘te ingots, and gamete? 0f the tngm‘ts were need its esteb’tteh a- :suttebie washing range fer inept dewn.. tngete were fergede«tat"ti56‘? wt:heuiteete reheets to obtain 2.?5 inch by 't.?5matheetertguéat‘bere'imm each heat. ifififixtt Seetiens ebeut {5 inches tang were taken tram the tectaeguter bets predeced free": sweet 03‘ the heets and' rerged t9 ebaut e 20"Ia to 35% reducttcm it) mm 5525:": harder: the hs. The strain hardeneé swam were teneéte tested to determine mechehieet pretzerttes, wtie:hetreeistee in Ta:btea 3 Yensite end magnetic pert'heahéttty teeitttg were cement-tee using standard tehsiée tee: preceeuree.
Cermeieh resistehhe at each sachet: was eve:hated using the-precedere at tnrectise C ef 58wa {35841. ‘StaMatti:est t9-eihpds for PEttimg er.5 (Eve-vice (30:meter: 36 Resistance at‘5.te=.4"}:ess: Steeis and Reteied Mays by Use at Ferric Chtofiee Sciatica". Comet:h resistehee aimw*eettmated using the PRfiNmffit‘i‘t‘sUia PCT/U52012/066705 pmvided 32vae. T353292 pm»ides 221828522pera’aure 32 M32ch the s were fergsad 8 indicate-1d:n Tabie 2 d2piimie Te$2swem conducted an each 022m asampies. Tame 2 3330 lists 221% percent reeducfim 25’: 2222232212235; ("defmmatien % 202H" The 3236250225 ashieveej'm the 202232221; 829;: 202 emit sectéoon: Each 32 the tasted UE 8 5220213 222223223; was evaiuated for {22325223212632 32323313622285 at mom temperatura {2'2") 23250: to f'c-rgéng {0% niefmnatia{.2}- {£92352} As shown in Tabie 1, Heat w WTJG 20.22181 had higher 132255qu vaiues and {:23 vaiues 2222332315 in} Heat s‘xiumbjeer 2231182, and ed C? wines 2923222223: '20 Heat Numbers QQFETT and 92122-75282, Rgferring 20 9222229. ducfiiity ‘28 m" the ccéait'mntaining aiioys mcfu zed2;: deg: Nu 223628 WT~8€2 322d WES? unexpectedéywa$3gn20:222ng better 2213.2: the :nsasured ($222322?22;: <32 the 3393/3 pma‘ucedin Heat Numbfirs W‘Tfifi am: WEN, $222222st are generafiy corresppnding afieyg g 2.262233%, Tnifs tien s{3:5522% itare is an advantage :2 indudéng 8023322 in aiioys cat" the. press-:72 wre Ass?z....‘-‘.~$d 32mm, wiihcmt ‘25 wishing to be 2302:2222 to any 93222615282 $228023}, it is 223282292222182 00238it may mares323 than. si-siance 2:: 035222;:entail $292213 phage pracépitatian 23‘: The aEiQy. thereby imp-raving (justiiity. The data 222272223222 2 3230, indicatesthat the 232222221202: :32 manganese '20 Heat Number WT~83 émreaseaé' sirengfi; after éefermatien. A23 232 22:8 exgerimemei 32203.23 were nerwmgnefic {having a magnetic smrmeabifity :32 about 2.00"!) when evaiuated usingine £832 procedure canvmticnaity wiser} :0 221332312223 215222: permeaifiiéiiy 232 DATALhOY 2® 32203;. {$9855} T2123 speczificafim has began Mifim wéti‘: He:SEEFWS 2:) v;«220225;: newiimifirsg sand men-exhausfim gembedimenis. 229we32 it w2%; be remgrzsized by persans 233322235} 022322232}! n the art 22:32 varéous a32333232202123;mimodfisat.=m‘.-<‘.¢, m" ceiwminaticns ("if h} 03 any a? {he dfissdosed embadiments {Grposfiiensfizereofj may be: made 221": the scope of £2122; macificaiion. Thus, it 25 contempTateo‘ and zmdersimdéhai 12:25 spacéfication Supgefis2dditim‘a: embnfimerfis r302; exmessiy set 223222: herein: Sarah «smbadimenis may be (untamed, fer eXampig, icy cambining‘, modifying: 0r Vrearganizing any 02' the désciosed 65222233, campgnents, eéemes'fis. 2332252885 aspects, characteristéca, 22221223220218, and 2222:: 25203, (:2 the varigus éflng embedémemis crwbed 22: {his apecificaticn ‘22: 221.23 manner, ants resewe the right to amend the 023222.23 2,2212?:nc grc‘aecufim 20 add featu as 33 VEEfiGUS232‘61:13mcdbed 22‘: This .n}. w: PCT/U$2012/066705 Expeaificafim, and such amandments campéy with. {ha emen-ts 9’35 USC. § "H2. first paragraphflae‘ud 35 {3.8.1:}. 2% $3129}.
PCT/U52012/066705 WI!AAQ..A toof «Wm? Imam".23. AA AAAA mg m,» AA AAA..AA...... Ea AAA. 3%. Emu." @056 @122 A. .
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AA...A.>A Ammx A38 ..AA Am: .AsmAAwA.In!!! cf»: AAAAAAAA .......... .
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H..- wu. wmmm . :3:5.ST". :irlltlti _ mmMW m. H mm.Nm . . . mm m ,m . "Aka?! 5:0.3.3. . n......?»~.
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...:...L...........r........1riiz!.:: . _._.MWwM fi55. w..."N m . T A:m4:..!5?... 31.1.1. 8.9. . .... ., .. . " . 33.Gig»! «.4.» 26 6 6. 4.1. 41.43. a...» 23 .65,3 1. .1Fifié 3,"D. ‘3' . ;§3923?. 52 43.337.1:!«9 .\ u. . ;£53. .m m m :3... m4!:3w"."Ru mw L. M M23...:M 3.4.30 «..U s..- 52a...3.3R." .1! C 7.. 5 .-- 3 A: ‘3‘1114‘ mu . B "HQ" WO 30139 PCT/U82012/066705 -31.-

Claims (30)

1. An itic alloy comprising, in weight percentages: up to 0.2 carbon; 3.5 to 10.0 manganese; up to 1.0 silicon; 14.0 to 28.0 chromium; 15.0 to 38.0 ; 2.0 to 9.0 molybdenum; 0.1 to 3.0 copper; 0.08 to 0.9 nitrogen; 0.1 to 5.0 tungsten; up to 5.0 cobalt; up to 1.0 titanium; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 phosphorus; up to 0.05 sulfur; a combined weight percentage of columbium and tantalum up to 0.3; up to 0.2 weight percent vanadium; up to 0.1 weight percent aluminum; a combined weight percentage of cerium and lanthanum no r than 0.1; up to 0.5 weight percent ruthenium; up to 0.6 weight percent zirconium; and balance iron and incidental ties.
2. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the iron is up to 60 weight percent.
3. The alloy of claim 1 comprising a cobalt/tungsten ratio, based on weight percentages, from 2:1 to 4:1.
4. The alloy of claim 1 having a PREN15 value of greater than 40.
5. The alloy of claim 1 having a PREN16 value from 40 to 60.
6. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the alloy is non—magnetic.
7. The alloy of claim 1 having a magnetic permeability value of less than 1.01.
8. The alloy of claim 1 having an ultimate tensile strength of at least 758 MPa (110 ksi), a yield strength of at least 345 MPa (50 ksi), and a percent elongation of at least 15%.
9. The alloy of claim 1 having an ultimate tensile strength in the range of 621 MPa to 1034 MPa (90 ksi to 150 ksi), a yield strength in the range of 345 MPa to 827 MPa (50 ksi to 120 ksi), and a percent elongation in the range of 20% to 65%.
10. The alloy of claim 1 having an ultimate tensile strength in the range of 689 MPa to 1655 MPa (100 ksi to 240 ksi), a yield strength in the range of 785 MPa to 1517 MPa (110 ksi to 220 ksi), and a t elongation in the range of 15% to 30%.
11. The alloy of claim 1 having a critical pitting temperature of at least 45°C.
12. The alloy of claim 1 comprising, in weight percentages based on total alloy weight: up to 0.05 carbon; 3.5 to 9.0 manganese; 0.1 to 1.0 silicon; 18.0 to 26.0 um; 19.0 to 37.0 nickel; 3.0 to 7.0 molybdenum; 0.4 to 2.5 copper; 0.1 to 0.55 nitrogen; 0.2 to 3.0‘ tungsten; 0.8 to 3.5 cobalt; up to 0.6 titanium; a ed weight percentage of columbium and tantalum no greater than 0.3; up to 0.2 vanadium; up to 0.1 aluminum; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 orus; up to 0.05 ; and balance iron and incidental impurities.
13. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 3.5 to 8.0 weight percent manganese.
14. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 19.0 to 25.0 weight percent chromium.
15. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 20.0 to 35.0 weight percent nickel.
16. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 3.0 to 6.5 weight percent molybdenum.
17. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent copper.
18. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 0.3 to 2.5 weight percent en.
19. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 1.0 to 3.5 weight percent .
20. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 0.2 to 0.5 weight percent en.
21. The alloy of claim 12 comprising 20 to 50 weight percent iron.
22. The alloy of claim 1 comprising, in weight percentages based on total alloy weight; up to 0.05 carbon; 3.5 to 8.0 manganese; 0.1 to 0.5 silicon; 19.0 to 25.0 chromium; 20.0 to 35.0 ; 3.0 to 6.5 molybdenum; 0.5 to 2.0 copper; 0.2 to 0.5 en; 0.3 to 2.5 tungsten; 1.0 to 3.5 cobalt; up to 0.6 titanium; a combined weight percentage of columbium and tantalum no greater than 0.3; up to 0.2 vanadium; up to 0.1 aluminum; up to 0.05 boron; up to 0.05 phosphorus; up to 0.05 sulfur; and balance iron, trace elements, and incidental impurities.
23. The alloy of claim 22, wherein the manganese is 3.5 to 7.0 weight percent.
24. The alloy of claim 22, n the chromium is 20.0 to 22.0 weight percent.
25. The alloy of claim 22, wherein the molybdenum is 6.0 to 6.5 weight percent.
26. The alloy of claim 22, wherein the iron is 40 to 45 weight percent.
27. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the manganese is 3.5 to 6.5 weight percent.
28. The alloy of claim 1, n the manganese is 4.0 to 6.0 weight percent.
29. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the silicon is 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent.
30. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the cobalt is 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent.
NZ625782A 2011-12-20 2012-11-28 High strength, corrosion resistant austenitic alloys NZ625782B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/331,135 US9347121B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2011-12-20 High strength, corrosion resistant austenitic alloys
US13/331,135 2011-12-20
PCT/US2012/066705 WO2013130139A2 (en) 2011-12-20 2012-11-28 High strength, corrosion resistant austenitic alloys

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ625782A NZ625782A (en) 2016-09-30
NZ625782B2 true NZ625782B2 (en) 2017-01-05

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