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CN104007231A - Determination method and determination apparatus for virulence of pesticide to corn borer - Google Patents

Determination method and determination apparatus for virulence of pesticide to corn borer Download PDF

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CN104007231A
CN104007231A CN201410197909.0A CN201410197909A CN104007231A CN 104007231 A CN104007231 A CN 104007231A CN 201410197909 A CN201410197909 A CN 201410197909A CN 104007231 A CN104007231 A CN 104007231A
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corn borer
pesticide
feed
corn
larvae
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罗兰
袁忠林
刘志航
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于杀虫剂对玉米螟毒力的测定方法和测定装置,其中所述测定方法包括下述步骤:1)将杀虫剂配制成杀虫剂原液,然后将杀虫剂原液稀释成不同浓度的稀释药液;2)将杀虫剂稀释药液与玉米螟幼虫饲料混合均匀,并在室温下将饲料划分成矩形区块;3)将玉米螟幼虫接种到饲料中,封好培养;4)培养结束后检查死、活虫数,计算死亡率、校正死亡率、LC50,依据LC50的大小判断杀虫剂对玉米螟的毒力的强弱。相应的,本发明公开了用于上述测定方法的测定装置。本发明公开的测定方法能够简单、准确、快速获得杀虫剂对玉米螟的毒力数据,为防治玉米螟杀虫剂筛选提供有效可靠的技术支持。The invention discloses a method and a device for determining the toxicity of insecticides to corn borer, wherein the determination method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing the insecticide into a stock solution of the insecticide, and then dissolving the insecticide 2) Mix the diluted insecticide solution with corn borer larvae feed evenly, and divide the feed into rectangular blocks at room temperature; 3) inoculate corn borer larvae into the feed , seal the culture; 4) After the culture, check the number of dead and alive insects, calculate the death rate, corrected death rate, and LC 50 , and judge the toxicity of the insecticide to the corn borer according to the size of the LC 50 . Correspondingly, the present invention discloses an assay device used in the above assay method. The determination method disclosed by the invention can simply, accurately and quickly obtain the toxicity data of the insecticide to the corn borer, and provide effective and reliable technical support for the screening of insecticides for controlling the corn borer.

Description

一种用于杀虫剂对玉米螟毒力的测定方法和测定装置A method and device for measuring the toxicity of insecticides to corn borer

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种毒力测定方法和测定装置,用来测定杀虫剂对玉米螟的毒力,属于农药技术领域。The invention relates to a toxicity measuring method and a measuring device, which are used for measuring the toxicity of insecticides to corn borer, belonging to the technical field of pesticides.

背景技术Background technique

玉米是我国的主要粮食作物之一,玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是玉米上的主要害虫,玉米在不同生育期受不同世代玉米螟为害:在玉米心叶期取食叶肉或蛀食未展开心叶,造成“花叶”;抽雄后钻蛀茎杆,使雌穗发育受阻而减产,如蛀孔处遇风吹折,则减产更严重。幼虫在穗期则直接蛀食雌穗、嫩粒,造成籽粒缺损、霉烂,品质降低。Corn is one of the main food crops in my country. The corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) is the main pest on corn. Corn borer is damaged by different generations of corn borer in different growth stages: it eats mesophyll during the heart leaf stage or eats undeveloped heart leaves, resulting in "mosaic leaves"; after tasseling, the stems are bored, which hinders the development of the ear and reduces yield. If the moth hole is broken by wind, the yield reduction will be more serious. The larvae directly eat the ears and tender grains at the ear stage, causing grain defects, mildew and rot, and the quality is reduced.

统计研究发现,一般年份春玉米会受玉米螟为害减产10%左右,玉米螟爆发年份导致玉米减产30%以上,造成巨大产量和经济损失,成为我国玉米生产中不稳定的重要因素。Statistical studies have found that in general years, spring corn will be damaged by corn borer and its yield will be reduced by about 10%. In the year of corn borer outbreak, corn yield will be reduced by more than 30%, resulting in huge yield and economic loss, which has become an important factor of instability in my country's corn production.

目前,玉米螟的防治技术包括抗螟育种、化学防治、生物防治、物理防治、农业防治等。其中,化学防治作为一种见效快、效果稳定的害虫防治手段在玉米螟的防治中一直发挥重要的作用。对于杀虫剂而言,如何衡量杀虫剂对玉米螟毒力是一个重要方面,毒力测定的准确性在很大程度上决定着杀虫剂研发的成败。传统上对玉米螟的生物测定方法有浸叶法和人工饲料混药法:浸叶法需要种植玉米,用玉米叶片浸药液来饲喂玉米螟,根据死亡情况计算杀虫剂的毒力,这种测定方法生测时间较长,无法满足高通量、多批次的不同杀虫剂毒力测定需要;人工饲料混药法是把药液与饲料混合后来饲喂玉米螟,生测时间短,效果较好,但已有的用于玉米螟饲养的人工饲料成块状,较为干燥,与药剂混配时不容易混匀,造成实验结果不准确,影响实验。At present, the control technologies of corn borer include anti-borer breeding, chemical control, biological control, physical control, agricultural control and so on. Among them, chemical control, as a quick and stable pest control method, has always played an important role in the control of corn borer. For insecticides, how to measure the toxicity of insecticides to corn borer is an important aspect, and the accuracy of toxicity determination largely determines the success or failure of insecticide research and development. Traditional bioassay methods for corn borer include leaf soaking method and artificial feed mixing method: the leaf soaking method needs to plant corn, use corn leaf soaking liquid to feed corn borer, calculate the toxicity of insecticide according to the death situation, This determination method takes a long time for bioassay and cannot meet the needs of high-throughput and multi-batch toxicity determination of different insecticides; the artificial feed mixing method is to mix the medicinal liquid with feed and then feed the corn borer, and the bioassay time Short, the effect is better, but the existing artificial feed used for corn borer breeding is lumpy, relatively dry, and it is not easy to mix when mixed with the medicament, resulting in inaccurate experimental results and affecting the experiment.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明公开了一种基于混药平皿法室内测定杀虫剂对玉米螟毒力的测定方法,应用这种方法空白对照的死亡率不超过5%,害虫不易逃逸,操作简单,结果快速,准确。Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for indoor determination of the toxicity of insecticides to corn borer based on the mixed drug plate method. The mortality rate of the blank control using this method is not more than 5%, and the pests are not easy to escape. Simple operation, fast and accurate results.

为实现上述目的,本发明是通过下述技术方案实现的:To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种用于杀虫剂对玉米螟毒力的测定方法,包括下述步骤:1)将杀虫剂配制成杀虫剂原液,然后将杀虫剂原液稀释成不同浓度的稀释药液;2)将杀虫剂稀释药液与玉米螟幼虫饲料混合均匀,并在室温下将饲料划分成矩形区块;3)将玉米螟幼虫接种到饲料中,封好培养;4)培养结束后检查死、活虫数,计算死亡率、校正死亡率、LC50,依据LC50的大小判断杀虫剂对玉米螟的毒力的强弱。A method for measuring the toxicity of insecticides to corn borer, comprising the following steps: 1) preparing the insecticides into stock solutions of insecticides, and then diluting the stock solutions of insecticides into diluted medicinal solutions of different concentrations; 2. ) mix the diluted insecticide liquid with corn borer larvae feed evenly, and divide the feed into rectangular blocks at room temperature; 3) inoculate corn borer larvae into the feed, and seal the culture; 4) check for dead after the culture , the number of living insects, calculate the death rate, corrected death rate, and LC 50 , and judge the toxicity of the insecticide to the corn borer according to the size of the LC 50 .

在上述方法中,杀虫剂原液的配制根据该杀虫剂的使用说明调配即可,通常是采用水或者有机溶剂溶解杀虫剂粉末使其成为原液,在原液配制完成后,采用农药助剂对杀虫剂原液进行稀释,稀释后的浓度在5-25mg/ml之间。In the above method, the preparation of the pesticide stock solution can be prepared according to the instructions for use of the pesticide. Usually, water or an organic solvent is used to dissolve the pesticide powder to make it into a stock solution. After the stock solution is prepared, the pesticide adjuvant The pesticide stock solution is diluted, and the diluted concentration is between 5-25mg/ml.

其中,所述农药助剂可选自化学农药领域任意可用的助剂,主要是有机溶剂或水,具体包括但不限于吐温、丙酮、水中的一种或多种。Wherein, the pesticide adjuvant can be selected from any available adjuvant in the chemical pesticide field, mainly organic solvent or water, specifically including but not limited to one or more of Tween, acetone, and water.

在上述方法中,玉米螟幼虫饲料可选用已有文献中公开过的饲料类型,也可选用标准的玉米粉+葡萄糖混合饲料,优选采用包含玉米粉、葡萄糖、琼脂、山梨酸、甲醛的饲料,将这些成分在沸水中溶解均匀后冷却。In the above method, the corn borer larvae feed can be selected from the feed type disclosed in the existing literature, or the standard corn flour+dextrose mixed feed, preferably the feed comprising corn flour, glucose, agar, sorbic acid, formaldehyde, Dissolve these ingredients in boiling water and cool.

在上述饲料中,各成分的用量可以根据实际需要进行调整,通常是在每1000ml水中,各成分用量为玉米粉3-8g,葡萄糖10-20g,琼脂10-20g,山梨酸2-8g,甲醛1-2mL;优选组成为玉米粉5g,葡萄糖15g,琼脂15g,山梨酸4g,甲醛1.6mL。In the above-mentioned feed, the dosage of each component can be adjusted according to actual needs, usually in every 1000ml of water, the dosage of each component is 3-8g of corn flour, 10-20g of glucose, 10-20g of agar, 2-8g of sorbic acid, formaldehyde 1-2mL; the preferred composition is 5g of corn flour, 15g of glucose, 15g of agar, 4g of sorbic acid, and 1.6mL of formaldehyde.

在上述饲料中,即可将各成分同时加入到沸水中,也可先用部分水溶解部分成分,用另一部分水溶解其他成分,最后在充分混匀后冷却。In the above-mentioned feed, each ingredient can be added into boiling water at the same time, or part of the water can be used to dissolve part of the ingredients, and another part of water can be used to dissolve other ingredients, and finally it is fully mixed and then cooled.

上述饲料优选的制备方法是先称取玉米粉和琼脂,用一定量的水混匀,称为①;将另一部分水烧开,将①缓慢加入,煮5分钟,然后加入葡萄糖,将剩余水全部加入煮沸。停止加热后,加入山梨酸和甲醛,充分混匀即可。The preferred preparation method of the above-mentioned feed is to first weigh corn flour and agar, mix them with a certain amount of water, and call it ①; boil the other part of the water, add ① slowly, cook for 5 minutes, then add glucose, and mix the remaining water Add all and bring to a boil. After stopping the heating, add sorbic acid and formaldehyde and mix well.

上述饲料制备完成后通常冷却至比室温略高的温度,通常是40-45℃,以便促进与杀虫剂稀释药液的混合。After the above-mentioned feed is prepared, it is usually cooled to a temperature slightly higher than room temperature, usually 40-45° C., so as to facilitate the mixing with the diluted pesticide solution.

在本发明中,杀虫剂稀释药液与玉米螟幼虫饲料体积比为1:20-80,混合均匀后冷却至室温。In the present invention, the volume ratio of the diluted medicinal solution of the insecticide to the corn borer larvae feed is 1:20-80, mixed uniformly and then cooled to room temperature.

在本发明中,考虑到成活率和生长速度,所用玉米螟幼虫优选为玉米螟2~3龄幼虫,其在饲料中的培养条件为温度为26℃,光照为16:8(L:D),相对湿度为75%,培养时间为2-7天。In the present invention, considering the survival rate and growth rate, the corn borer larvae used are preferably the 2nd to 3rd instar larvae of the corn borer, and the culture conditions in the feed are that the temperature is 26°C, and the light is 16:8 (L:D). , the relative humidity is 75%, and the cultivation time is 2-7 days.

上述的玉米螟幼虫既可以是从田间筛选的,也可以是人工培养的。为了避免受到时间和季节的影响,优选通过人工培养得到所需玉米螟幼虫,培养方法为将田间的玉米螟一代老熟幼虫,在温度26~28℃,光照为16:8(L:D),相对湿度为75%的光照条件下使其化蛹、交配、产卵;孵化的幼虫以人工饲料进行饲养,饲养2代后,挑选体长一致和健康的2~3龄幼虫。The above-mentioned corn borer larvae can be screened from the field or cultivated artificially. In order to avoid being affected by time and seasons, it is preferable to obtain the required corn borer larvae through artificial cultivation. The cultivation method is to put the mature larvae of the first generation of corn borer in the field at a temperature of 26-28°C and a light of 16:8 (L:D) , make it pupate, mate, and lay eggs under the light condition with a relative humidity of 75%. The hatched larvae are fed with artificial feed, and after feeding for 2 generations, the 2nd to 3rd instar larvae with the same body length and health are selected.

上述的人工饲料从市场上即可采购,常见的玉米饲料即可。The above-mentioned artificial feed can be purchased from the market, and common corn feed can be used.

为了保证毒力测定的准确,本发明的测定方法进一步的还包括对照组,对照组的培养条件和时间与正常试验组相同,区别在于培养对照组玉米螟幼虫的饲料中不含有杀虫剂,只含有农药助剂。In order to ensure the accuracy of virulence determination, the assay method of the present invention further includes a control group, the culture conditions and time of the control group are the same as those of the normal test group, the difference is that the feed for cultivating the corn borer larvae in the control group does not contain insecticides, Contains only pesticide adjuvants.

相应的,本发明公开了专用于上述测定方法的毒力测定装置,包括两个相同的培养皿,两个培养皿盖与盖或者底与底粘结(扩大测定空间,防止幼虫逃逸),培养皿底部放置混有稀释药液的饲料。Correspondingly, the present invention discloses a virulence assay device specially used for the above-mentioned assay method, comprising two identical petri dishes, the lids of the two petri dishes are bonded to each other or bottom to bottom (enlarging the assay space to prevent larvae from escaping), culturing Place the feed mixed with the diluted medicinal solution at the bottom of the dish.

为了保证培养的可视化,两个培养皿是通过透明胶粘结的,每个培养皿底部饲养的玉米螟幼虫数根据培养皿的大小进行调整,对于通常使用的9cm直径的培养皿,底部饲养约20只幼虫。In order to ensure the visualization of cultivation, the two petri dishes are bonded by transparent glue. The number of corn borer larvae reared at the bottom of each petri dish is adjusted according to the size of the petri dish. 20 larvae.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

实施例1一种合成化合物川楝素对玉米螟的毒力测定Embodiment 1 A kind of synthetic compound toosendanin is to the toxicity determination of corn borer

将川楝素用丙酮或乙醇溶解后配成母液,用含0.1%Tween80的蒸馏水进行稀释,将母液稀释成5种浓度,空白对照CK为在饲料中加入除川楝素以外的农药助剂,按照混药平皿法进行毒力测定,试验数据及结果见表1。Toosendanin was dissolved in acetone or ethanol to make a mother liquor, diluted with distilled water containing 0.1% Tween80, and the mother liquor was diluted into 5 concentrations. The blank control CK was adding pesticide additives other than toosendanin in the feed, according to Toxicity was determined by the mixed drug plate method, and the test data and results are shown in Table 1.

表1川楝素对玉米螟的毒药力测定结果Table 1 Toxicity test results of toosendanin on corn borer

由表1可知,川楝素对玉米螟2龄幼虫的致死中浓度为4.55mg/L,95%置信限为3.84~5.41mg/L。It can be known from Table 1 that the lethal concentration of toosendanin on the 2nd instar larvae of corn borer is 4.55 mg/L, and the 95% confidence limit is 3.84-5.41 mg/L.

实施例2Example 2

40%辛硫磷乳油对玉米螟的毒力测定:在预备试验的基础上,将40%辛硫磷乳油用蒸馏水稀释成5种浓度,空白对照CK为在饲料中加入蒸馏水,按照混药平皿法进行毒药力测定,数据及结果见表2。Toxicity determination of 40% phoxim EC to corn borer: on the basis of the preliminary test, 40% phoxim EC was diluted with distilled water into 5 kinds of concentrations. Toxicity determination was carried out using the method, and the data and results are shown in Table 2.

表240%辛硫磷乳油对玉米螟的毒药力测定Table 240% Determination of Toxicity of Phoxim EC to Corn Borer

由表2可知,40%辛硫磷乳油对玉米螟2龄幼虫的致死中浓度为5.31mg/L,95%置信限为4.39~6.41mg/L。It can be known from Table 2 that the lethal intermediate concentration of 40% phoxim EC to the 2nd instar larvae of corn borer is 5.31 mg/L, and the 95% confidence limit is 4.39-6.41 mg/L.

Claims (8)

1. the assay method to corn borer virulence for pesticide, is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1) pesticide is mixed with to pesticide stoste, then pesticide stoste is diluted to the dilute liquid medicine of variable concentrations; 2) pesticide dilute liquid medicine is mixed with corn borer larvae feed, and at room temperature feed is divided into rectangle block; 3) corn borer larvae is inoculated in feed, seals cultivation; 4) cultivate and finish dead, the alive borer population of rear inspection, calculate mortality ratio, corrected mortality, LC 50, according to LC 50size judge the power of the virulence of pesticide to corn borer.
2. assay method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 1) pesticide stoste diluted pesticide by insecticides adjuvant, and the concentration after dilution is between 5-25mg/ml; Described insecticides adjuvant is organic solvent or water.
3. assay method according to claim 2, is characterized in that described insecticides adjuvant is selected from one or more in tween, acetone, water.
4. assay method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described corn borer larvae feed comprises corn flour, glucose, agar, sorbic acid, formaldehyde, and these compositions are cooling after being uniformly dissolved in boiling water.
5. assay method according to claim 4, is characterized in that step 2) pesticide dilute liquid medicine and corn borer larvae feed volume ratio be 1:20-80, after mixing, is cooled to room temperature.
6. assay method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 3) corn borer larvae used is corn borer 2~3 instar larvaes, and condition of culture is that temperature is 26 DEG C, and illumination is 16:8 (L:D), relative humidity is 75%, and incubation time is 2-7 days.
7. assay method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that corn borer larvae obtains by artificial cultivation, cultural method is by the corn borer generation mature larva in field, 26~28 DEG C of temperature, illumination is 16:8 (L:D), makes that it is pupated, mating, lays eggs under the illumination condition that relative humidity is 75%; The larva of hatching is raised with man-made feeds, raises after 2 generations, selects body long one 2~3 healthy instar larvaes of making peace.
8. the determinator to corn borer virulence for pesticide, is characterized in that comprising two identical double dish, two double dish lids and lid or the end and end bonding, and the feed that is mixed with dilute liquid medicine is placed in double dish bottom.
CN201410197909.0A 2014-05-12 2014-05-12 Determination method and determination apparatus for virulence of pesticide to corn borer Pending CN104007231A (en)

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Application publication date: 20140827