CN104046983A - Titanium alloy thin-wall blade laser-cladding low-stress local orientation cooling restoration method - Google Patents
Titanium alloy thin-wall blade laser-cladding low-stress local orientation cooling restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 12
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 5
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复方法，在薄壁叶片缺损修复点周围预先粘接一定量的铁粉，利用金属熔化相变潜热非稳态局部高效吸热原理，激光熔覆过程中产生的高温使钛合金粉末熔化，热量向薄壁叶片周围传导，使铁粉熔化，铁粉熔化需要吸收大量的热，从而降低了薄壁叶片熔覆过程中过度受热、变形、过烧和烧穿。同时，通过铁粉进行局部定向冷却，影响区小，熔覆层微观组织均匀，晶粒细化，显著减少内应力和裂纹，有效的提高钛合金薄壁叶片的修复成型质量，熔覆层比等离子体熔覆层有更高的硬度，应力应变小，裂纹和气孔少，结合强度高。
The invention discloses a laser cladding low-stress local directional cooling repair method for titanium alloy thin-walled blades. A certain amount of iron powder is pre-bonded around the defect repair point of the thin-walled blades, and the unsteady state of latent heat of metal melting phase change is used for local high efficiency. The principle of heat absorption, the high temperature generated during the laser cladding process melts the titanium alloy powder, and the heat is conducted around the thin-walled blade to melt the iron powder. Excessive heating, deformation, overheating and burn-through. At the same time, local directional cooling is carried out by iron powder, the affected area is small, the microstructure of the cladding layer is uniform, the grains are refined, the internal stress and cracks are significantly reduced, and the repairing quality of titanium alloy thin-walled blades is effectively improved. The cladding layer ratio The plasma cladding layer has higher hardness, less stress and strain, less cracks and pores, and high bonding strength.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于激光熔覆增材制造领域，涉及一种钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复方法。The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding additive manufacturing, and relates to a low-stress local directional cooling repair method for laser cladding of titanium alloy thin-walled blades.
技术背景technical background
钛合金具有比强度高、高低温性能好、耐腐蚀等优点，被广泛应用于航空航天领域，是航空叶片等结构件的首选材料。但其耐磨性能较差，航空压气机叶片常因震动摩擦、沙粒冲击等原因而产生较严重的损伤。Titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good high and low temperature performance, and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in the aerospace field and is the preferred material for structural parts such as aviation blades. However, its wear resistance is poor, and the blades of aviation compressors are often seriously damaged due to vibration friction, sand impact and other reasons.
常见的叶片表面缺陷修复的法有焊接(包括激光焊接、电弧焊接、火焰焊接、电子束焊接、等离子焊接、真空钎焊、和钨极惰性气体保护(TIG)焊等)，热喷涂(包括等离子喷涂、火焰喷涂、电弧喷涂、爆炸喷涂、真空涂层法和超音速喷涂等)，以及等离子体熔覆修复等。Common methods for repairing blade surface defects include welding (including laser welding, arc welding, flame welding, electron beam welding, plasma welding, vacuum brazing, and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, etc.), thermal spraying (including plasma Spraying, flame spraying, arc spraying, detonation spraying, vacuum coating method and supersonic spraying, etc.), and plasma cladding repair, etc.
但这些方法在修复过程中的非稳态剧烈加热，加热强度大，热流密度集中，零件升温速度极快，并且热源和工件保持相对运动状态，局部加热时间短，只能使零件局部融化或零件表面产生微熔，修复过程中引起的收缩变形使叶片的安装精度难以保证。同时会造成薄壁零件过度受热、变形、过烧以及穿烧，严重影响了零件的尺寸，降低了零件的强度等性能指标，甚至使零件报废。因此需对钛合金薄壁叶片在加工过程中有效冷却，以防止其非稳态剧烈加热加工过程中的过度受热、变形、过烧、烧穿，确保其使用要求。However, in the repair process of these methods, the unsteady heating is violent, the heating intensity is large, the heat flux density is concentrated, the heating speed of the parts is extremely fast, and the heat source and the workpiece maintain a relative motion state, and the local heating time is short, which can only partially melt the parts or Micro-melting occurs on the surface, and the shrinkage deformation caused by the repair process makes it difficult to guarantee the installation accuracy of the blade. At the same time, it will cause excessive heating, deformation, over-burning and wear-through of thin-walled parts, which seriously affects the size of the parts, reduces the performance indicators such as the strength of the parts, and even makes the parts scrapped. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively cool the titanium alloy thin-walled blades during the processing process to prevent excessive heating, deformation, over-burning, and burn-through during the unsteady-state intense heating process to ensure its use requirements.
激光熔覆是超快速加热和超快速冷却的过程，具有熔覆过程中对基材的热输入量少，热影响区小，熔覆层组织细小，易于实现自动化等优点，因此采用激光熔覆的方法修复叶片与其它方法相比具有明显的优势。激光熔覆层比等离子体熔覆层有更高的硬度，无裂纹和气孔，良好的结合界面。Laser cladding is a process of ultra-fast heating and ultra-fast cooling. It has the advantages of less heat input to the substrate during the cladding process, small heat-affected zone, fine cladding layer structure, and easy automation. Therefore, laser cladding is adopted Compared with other methods, the method of repairing blades has obvious advantages. The laser cladding layer has higher hardness than the plasma cladding layer, no cracks and pores, and a good bonding interface.
目前，主要采用机械夹持的方法来防止薄壁零件的受热变形，由此带来工装十分复杂，实施也比较困难，而且该方法不能防止薄壁零件被过度受热、过烧、烧穿及由此引起的强度等性能的下降。一般采用的冷却技术室利用物质热容吸热原理，通过气体、液体介质的对流、热传导等方式来散热降温，由于物质等压热容大都在20～40Jk-1mol-1范围内，而激光熔覆过程中的加热具有非稳态性和激烈性的特征，对叶片采用此种方法冷却的效果不大，难以有效预防薄壁零件被过度受热、变形、过烧和烧穿。At present, the method of mechanical clamping is mainly used to prevent thermal deformation of thin-walled parts, which makes the tooling very complicated and difficult to implement, and this method cannot prevent thin-walled parts from being overheated, over-burned, burn-through and caused by This causes a decrease in performance such as strength. The cooling technology room generally adopted uses the principle of material heat capacity to absorb heat, and dissipates heat and cools down through convection of gas and liquid media, heat conduction, etc. Since the isobaric heat capacity of materials is mostly in the range of 20 to 40Jk -1 mol -1 , while laser The heating in the cladding process has the characteristics of unsteadiness and intensity, and the effect of cooling the blade by this method is not great, and it is difficult to effectively prevent the thin-walled parts from being overheated, deformed, overburned and burned through.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复方法，能够有效的提高钛合金薄壁叶片的修复成型质量。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser cladding low-stress local directional cooling repair method for titanium alloy thin-walled blades, which can effectively improve the repairing and forming quality of titanium alloy thin-walled blades.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复方法，包括以下步骤：A method for repairing titanium alloy thin-walled blades by laser cladding with low stress and local directional cooling, comprising the following steps:
1)将铁粉与粘结剂混合均匀，得到铁粉混合物；1) uniformly mixing the iron powder and the binder to obtain the iron powder mixture;
2)在损伤的钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴铁粉混合物，其中铁粉混合物粘贴在距离钛合金薄壁叶片缺损修复点3～8mm处，呈环形分布，且缺损修复点的面积与铁粉混合物的粘贴面积之比为1：(1～2)；2) Paste the iron powder mixture on the damaged titanium alloy thin-walled blade, wherein the iron powder mixture is pasted at a distance of 3 to 8 mm from the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-wall blade, in a circular distribution, and the area of the defect repair point is the same as that of the iron powder mixture The ratio of pasting area is 1: (1～2);
3)将粘贴了铁粉混合物后的钛合金薄壁叶片放入充满惰性气体的手套箱内，用送粉器将修复用的钛合金粉末输送到钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点上，同时激光器发射激光使缺损修复点上的钛合金粉末熔化，形成熔池，然后停止输送钛合金粉末和激光照射，自然冷却至室温，完成钛合金薄壁叶片的激光熔覆；3) Put the titanium alloy thin-walled blade pasted with the iron powder mixture into a glove box filled with inert gas, and use a powder feeder to transport the titanium alloy powder for repair to the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, and at the same time The laser emits laser light to melt the titanium alloy powder on the defect repair point to form a molten pool, then stop the delivery of titanium alloy powder and laser irradiation, and naturally cool to room temperature to complete the laser cladding of titanium alloy thin-walled blades;
4)采用喷砂机对激光熔覆后的钛合金薄壁叶片进行表面处理，除去钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴的铁粉混合物，即完成对钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复。4) Use a sandblasting machine to perform surface treatment on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade after laser cladding, remove the iron powder mixture pasted on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, and complete the low-stress local directional cooling of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade laser cladding repair.
所述的铁粉混合物中铁粉与粘结剂的质量比为(3～5)：1。The mass ratio of the iron powder to the binder in the iron powder mixture is (3-5):1.
所述的铁粉的粒径为50～200μm。The particle size of the iron powder is 50-200 μm.
所述的粘结剂为水玻璃、石蜡基粘结剂或聚合物粘结剂。The binder is water glass, paraffin-based binder or polymer binder.
所述的缺损修复点的直径≤10mm。The diameter of the defect repair point is ≤10mm.
所述的送粉器的输送钛合金粉末的速度为30～120g/min。The conveying speed of the titanium alloy powder by the powder feeder is 30-120 g/min.
所述的激光器的功率为2000W。The power of the laser is 2000W.
所述的激光器照射在缺损修复点上的光斑直径≤缺损修复点的直径。The diameter of the laser spot irradiated on the defect repair point by the laser is ≤ the diameter of the defect repair point.
所述步骤3)中在进行激光照射时控制缺损修复点处的温度为1660～1690℃。In the step 3), the temperature at the defect repair point is controlled to be 1660-1690° C. during laser irradiation.
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
在一般的激光熔覆过程中，钛合金薄壁叶片熔化释放大量的热，会使叶片过度受热、变形、过烧或烧穿，而本发明在钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点周围粘贴铁粉，利用金属熔化相变潜热非稳态局部高效吸热原理，在激光熔覆修复钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点时，熔池周围产生高温使钛合金粉末熔化，产生的热量向钛合金薄壁叶片周围传递给铁粉，铁粉在被加热到其熔点附近的温度时，由于熔化存在相变潜热，在局部会吸收大量的热量。由于钛合金熔点为1678℃，铁粉熔点为1535℃，钛合金薄壁叶片冷却到铁粉熔点附近的温度时已经凝固为固态，而此时铁粉正好熔化，铁粉熔化过程将钛合金凝固过程中产生的大量热量吸收，可以有效防止钛合金薄壁叶片过度受热、变形、过烧或烧穿，从而实现对钛合金薄壁叶片的低应力微变形定向冷却。In the general laser cladding process, the titanium alloy thin-walled blade melts and releases a large amount of heat, which will cause the blade to be overheated, deformed, over-burned or burned through. However, the present invention pastes iron around the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade. Powder, using the principle of metal melting phase change latent heat unstable local high-efficiency heat absorption, when laser cladding repairs the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin-walled blades, high temperature is generated around the molten pool to melt titanium alloy powder, and the heat generated is transferred to the titanium alloy. The iron powder is passed around the thin-walled blade. When the iron powder is heated to a temperature near its melting point, due to the latent heat of phase change in melting, a large amount of heat will be absorbed locally. Since the melting point of titanium alloy is 1678°C, and the melting point of iron powder is 1535°C, the thin-walled blade of titanium alloy has solidified into a solid state when it is cooled to a temperature near the melting point of iron powder. The large amount of heat absorbed during the process can effectively prevent the titanium alloy thin-walled blades from being overheated, deformed, over-burned or burned through, thereby achieving low-stress micro-deformation directional cooling of the titanium alloy thin-walled blades.
另外，本发明还具有以下优点：In addition, the present invention also has the following advantages:
1、激光熔覆过程对基材的热输入量少，通过铁粉进行局部定向冷却，影响区小，使得内部的熔覆层微观组织均匀，晶粒细化，显著减少内应力和裂纹，有效的提高钛合金薄壁叶片的修复成型质量。1. The laser cladding process has less heat input to the base material, and local directional cooling is carried out through iron powder, so that the affected area is small, so that the microstructure of the internal cladding layer is uniform, the grains are refined, and the internal stress and cracks are significantly reduced, effectively Improve the repair molding quality of titanium alloy thin-walled blades.
2、利用金属熔化相变潜热非稳态局部高效吸热原理，采用铁粉定向冷却，得到的熔覆层比等离子体熔覆层有更高的硬度，应力应变小，裂纹和气孔少，结合强度高。2. Using the principle of unsteady local high-efficiency heat absorption of latent heat of metal melting phase change, using iron powder directional cooling, the obtained cladding layer has higher hardness than the plasma cladding layer, less stress and strain, less cracks and pores, combined high strength.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的缺损修复点的局部放大图；Fig. 2 is a local enlarged view of the defect repair point of the present invention;
图中：1.工作台、2.基板、3.钛合金薄壁叶片、4.缺损修复点、5.送粉器、6.激光器、7.手套箱、8.铁粉混合物、9.熔池、10.CNC系统。In the figure: 1. Workbench, 2. Substrate, 3. Titanium alloy thin-walled blade, 4. Defect repair point, 5. Powder feeder, 6. Laser, 7. Glove box, 8. Iron powder mixture, 9. Melting pool, 10.CNC system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆成形过程中，传统的冷却方法为循环水冷或铁片、铜片机械夹持固定方式导热，结构复杂，且在夹持过程中容易引起薄壁叶片的变形。本发明利用钛合金熔化相变潜热非稳态局部高效吸热原理，采用铁粉粘接方式进行热传导，由于钛合金熔点为1678℃，铁粉熔点为1535℃，铁粉的熔点比钛合金低，钛合金熔化过程中吸收热量、凝固过程中释放潜热。钛合金凝固过程中释放的热量被铁粉吸收，钛合金凝固为固态时，温度低于1678℃，但高于铁粉的熔点1535℃，因此释放的热量可以使铁粉熔化。由于熔覆成型过程中所选金属材料的熔点必须接近并低于钛合金熔点，因此选择铁粉较为合适。另一方面，铁粉在钛合金叶片之间粘接在一起，两者的熔点不同，铁粉的熔化总是在钛合金凝固过程中完成的，因此铁粉与钛合金叶片之间不会产生冶金结合，钛合金熔覆成型过程中不会对叶片产生变形，不会引起应力集中，属于低应力冷却。In the laser cladding forming process of titanium alloy thin-walled blades, the traditional cooling method is circulating water cooling or mechanical clamping and fixing of iron sheets and copper sheets to conduct heat. The structure is complex, and the thin-walled blades are easily deformed during the clamping process. The present invention utilizes the principle of unsteady local high-efficiency heat absorption of titanium alloy melting phase change latent heat, adopts iron powder bonding method for heat conduction, since the melting point of titanium alloy is 1678°C, and the melting point of iron powder is 1535°C, the melting point of iron powder is lower than that of titanium alloy , titanium alloy absorbs heat during melting and releases latent heat during solidification. The heat released during the solidification of the titanium alloy is absorbed by the iron powder. When the titanium alloy is solidified, the temperature is lower than 1678°C, but higher than the melting point of the iron powder at 1535°C, so the released heat can melt the iron powder. Since the melting point of the selected metal material in the cladding molding process must be close to and lower than the melting point of titanium alloy, it is more appropriate to choose iron powder. On the other hand, the iron powder is bonded together between the titanium alloy blades. The melting points of the two are different. The melting of the iron powder is always completed during the solidification of the titanium alloy, so there will be no friction between the iron powder and the titanium alloy blades. Metallurgical combination, the titanium alloy cladding molding process will not deform the blade, will not cause stress concentration, and belongs to low-stress cooling.
本发明提供的钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复方法，包括以下步骤：The laser cladding low-stress local directional cooling repair method for titanium alloy thin-walled blades provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
1、铁粉与粘结剂混合，得到铁粉混合物：所用铁粉粉末颗粒直径为50～200μm，粘结剂为水玻璃粘结剂、石蜡基粘结剂、聚合物粘结剂等工业用成熟粘结剂制品，铁粉与粘结剂的混合比例为(3～5):1(质量比)，保证铁粉粘接不脱落即可；1. Mix iron powder and binder to obtain iron powder mixture: the particle diameter of the iron powder used is 50-200 μm, and the binder is water glass binder, paraffin-based binder, polymer binder, etc. for industrial use For mature binder products, the mixing ratio of iron powder and binder is (3~5):1 (mass ratio), so as to ensure that the iron powder does not fall off;
2、铁粉混合物与钛合金薄壁叶片粘结：本发明用于修复小损伤钛合金薄壁叶片，叶片损伤范围一般不超过10mm，对于不同损伤尺寸的叶片，铁粉的用量不同，铁粉的用量与叶片损伤大小成正比，铁粉混合物粘结在距离损伤位置3～8mm处，呈环形分布，叶片损伤面积与铁粉混合物粘接面积之比为1：(1～2)；2. Bonding of iron powder mixture and titanium alloy thin-walled blades: the present invention is used to repair thin-walled titanium alloy blades with small damages. The range of blade damage generally does not exceed 10mm. For blades with different damage sizes, the amount of iron powder is different. The dosage is proportional to the size of the leaf damage. The iron powder mixture is bonded at a distance of 3 to 8 mm from the damage position, and it is distributed in a ring. The ratio of the leaf damage area to the iron powder mixture bonding area is 1: (1 to 2);
3、叶片激光熔覆：如图1和图2所示，将粘贴了铁粉混合物8的钛合金薄壁叶片3放置在基板2上，基板2固定在工作台1上，CNC系统10通过控制工作台1带动基板2运动，实现基板2沿X、Y和Z方向的运动。送粉器5提供钛合金薄壁叶片3缺损修复需要的钛合金粉末，钛合金薄壁叶片3上的缺损修复点4位于激光器6的下部，激光器6提供光斑直径和输出功率可调的激光。激光器照射在缺损修复点上的光斑直径小于等于缺损修复点的直径，使送粉器5输送的钛合金粉末熔化，在钛合金薄壁叶片3的缺损修复点4上形成熔池9，然后停止送粉和激光照射，自然冷却，得到激光熔覆后的钛合金薄壁叶片。钛合金熔点为1678℃，铁粉的熔点为1535℃，利用金属熔化相变潜热非稳态局部高效吸热原理，激光熔覆修复钛合金薄壁叶片3的缺损修复点4时，熔池9周围产生高温使钛合金粉末熔化，产生的热量向钛合金薄壁叶片3周围传导，使铁粉熔化，铁粉熔化需要吸收大量的热，从而降低了钛合金薄壁叶片3熔覆过程中过度受热、变形、过烧和烧穿。钛合金薄壁叶片3激光熔覆过程中，整个系统处于密闭的手套箱7中，手套箱7中充满了高纯度的惰性气体，用于对钛合金薄壁叶片3损伤修复的保护。钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆采用金属粉末送粉方式，送粉过程中保证各工艺参数的匹配，如送粉速度均匀地维持在30～120g/min、修复点温度控制在1660～1690℃、激光功率为2000W等。3. Blade laser cladding: as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3 pasted with the iron powder mixture 8 is placed on the substrate 2, the substrate 2 is fixed on the workbench 1, and the CNC system 10 is controlled by The worktable 1 drives the movement of the substrate 2 to realize the movement of the substrate 2 along the X, Y and Z directions. The powder feeder 5 provides the titanium alloy powder required for repairing the defect of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3 , the defect repair point 4 on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3 is located at the lower part of the laser 6 , and the laser 6 provides laser with adjustable spot diameter and output power. The diameter of the laser spot irradiated on the defect repair point is less than or equal to the diameter of the defect repair point, so that the titanium alloy powder conveyed by the powder feeder 5 is melted, and a molten pool 9 is formed on the defect repair point 4 of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3, and then stops Powder feeding and laser irradiation, natural cooling to obtain thin-walled titanium alloy blades after laser cladding. The melting point of titanium alloy is 1678°C, and the melting point of iron powder is 1535°C. Using the principle of metal melting phase change latent heat, unstable state, local high-efficiency heat absorption, laser cladding repairs the defect repair point 4 of titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3, and the molten pool 9 A high temperature is generated around to melt the titanium alloy powder, and the heat generated is transmitted to the surrounding of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3 to melt the iron powder. The melting of the iron powder needs to absorb a large amount of heat, thereby reducing the overheating of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3 during cladding. Heating, deformation, overheating and burn-through. During the laser cladding process of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3 , the entire system is in a closed glove box 7 filled with high-purity inert gas for protection of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade 3 for damage repair. The laser cladding of titanium alloy thin-walled blades adopts the metal powder powder feeding method, and the matching of various process parameters is guaranteed during the powder feeding process, such as the powder feeding speed is maintained at 30-120g/min evenly, and the temperature of the repair point is controlled at 1660-1690°C. The laser power is 2000W etc.
4、后处理：钛合金薄壁叶片熔覆成形后，采用喷砂机对其成型表面进行处理，除去钛合金薄壁叶片上粘接的铁粉，即完成对钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复。4. Post-processing: After the titanium alloy thin-walled blade is clad and formed, use a sandblasting machine to treat the forming surface to remove the iron powder bonded to the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, and complete the laser cladding of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade Low stress localized directed cooling repair.
实施例1Example 1
1)按质量比为3：1将粒径为50～100μm的铁粉与水玻璃混合均匀，得到铁粉混合物；1) Mix iron powder with a particle size of 50-100 μm and water glass evenly according to a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain an iron powder mixture;
2)在损伤的钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴铁粉混合物，其中缺损修复点的直径≤10mm，铁粉混合物粘贴在距离钛合金薄壁叶片缺损修复点3mm处，呈环形分布，且缺损修复点的面积与铁粉混合物的粘贴面积之比为1：1；2) Paste the iron powder mixture on the damaged titanium alloy thin-walled blade, wherein the diameter of the defect repair point is ≤10mm, and the iron powder mixture is pasted at a distance of 3mm from the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, in a circular distribution, and the defect repair point The ratio of the area to the paste area of the iron powder mixture is 1:1;
3)将粘贴了铁粉混合物后的钛合金薄壁叶片放入充满惰性气体的手套箱内，用送粉器以30g/min的速度将修复用的钛合金粉末输送到钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点上，同时用功率为2000W的激光器发射光斑直径小于等于缺损修复点直径的激光，并控制缺损修复点处的温度为1660℃，使缺损修复点上的钛合金粉末熔化，形成熔池，然后停止输送钛合金粉末和激光照射，自然冷却至室温，完成钛合金薄壁叶片的激光熔覆；3) Put the titanium alloy thin-walled blade pasted with the iron powder mixture into a glove box filled with inert gas, and use a powder feeder to transport the titanium alloy powder for repair to the titanium alloy thin-walled blade at a speed of 30g/min. At the defect repair point, a laser with a power of 2000W is used to emit a laser with a spot diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the defect repair point, and the temperature at the defect repair point is controlled to 1660°C to melt the titanium alloy powder on the defect repair point to form a molten pool , then stop transporting titanium alloy powder and laser irradiation, cool down to room temperature naturally, and complete the laser cladding of titanium alloy thin-walled blades;
4)采用喷砂机对激光熔覆后的钛合金薄壁叶片进行表面处理，除去钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴的铁粉混合物，即完成对钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复。4) Use a sandblasting machine to perform surface treatment on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade after laser cladding, remove the iron powder mixture pasted on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, and complete the low-stress local directional cooling of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade laser cladding repair.
实施例2Example 2
1)按质量比为5：1将粒径为150～200μm的铁粉与石蜡基粘结剂混合均匀，得到铁粉混合物；1) According to the mass ratio of 5:1, the iron powder with a particle size of 150-200 μm and the paraffin-based binder are uniformly mixed to obtain an iron powder mixture;
2)在损伤的钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴铁粉混合物，其中缺损修复点的直径≤10mm，铁粉混合物粘贴在距离钛合金薄壁叶片缺损修复点8mm处，呈环形分布，且缺损修复点的面积与铁粉混合物的粘贴面积之比为1：2；2) Paste the iron powder mixture on the damaged titanium alloy thin-walled blade, wherein the diameter of the defect repair point is ≤10mm, and the iron powder mixture is pasted at a distance of 8mm from the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, in a circular distribution, and the defect repair point The ratio of the area to the paste area of the iron powder mixture is 1:2;
3)将粘贴了铁粉混合物后的钛合金薄壁叶片放入充满惰性气体的手套箱内，用送粉器以120g/min的速度将修复用的钛合金粉末输送到钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点上，同时用功率为2000W的激光器发射光斑直径小于等于缺损修复点直径的激光，并控制缺损修复点处的温度为1690℃，使缺损修复点上的钛合金粉末熔化，形成熔池，然后停止输送钛合金粉末和激光照射，自然冷却至室温，完成钛合金薄壁叶片的激光熔覆；3) Put the titanium alloy thin-walled blade pasted with the iron powder mixture into a glove box filled with inert gas, and use a powder feeder to transport the titanium alloy powder for repair to the titanium alloy thin-walled blade at a speed of 120g/min. At the defect repair point, a laser with a power of 2000W is used to emit a laser with a spot diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the defect repair point, and the temperature at the defect repair point is controlled at 1690°C to melt the titanium alloy powder on the defect repair point to form a molten pool , then stop transporting titanium alloy powder and laser irradiation, cool down to room temperature naturally, and complete the laser cladding of titanium alloy thin-walled blades;
4)采用喷砂机对激光熔覆后的钛合金薄壁叶片进行表面处理，除去钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴的铁粉混合物，即完成对钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复。4) Use a sandblasting machine to perform surface treatment on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade after laser cladding, remove the iron powder mixture pasted on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, and complete the low-stress local directional cooling of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade laser cladding repair.
实施例3Example 3
1)按质量比为4：1将粒径为100～150μm的铁粉与聚合物粘结剂混合均匀，得到铁粉混合物；1) According to the mass ratio of 4:1, the iron powder with a particle size of 100-150 μm and the polymer binder are uniformly mixed to obtain an iron powder mixture;
2)在损伤的钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴铁粉混合物，其中缺损修复点的直径≤10mm，铁粉混合物粘贴在距离钛合金薄壁叶片缺损修复点5mm处，呈环形分布，且缺损修复点的面积与铁粉混合物的粘贴面积之比为1：1.5；2) Paste the iron powder mixture on the damaged titanium alloy thin-walled blade, wherein the diameter of the defect repair point is ≤10mm, and the iron powder mixture is pasted at a distance of 5mm from the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, in a circular distribution, and the defect repair point The ratio of the area to the sticking area of the iron powder mixture is 1:1.5;
3)将粘贴了铁粉混合物后的钛合金薄壁叶片放入充满惰性气体的手套箱内，用送粉器以80g/min的速度将修复用的钛合金粉末输送到钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点上，同时用功率为2000W的激光器发射光斑直径小于等于缺损修复点直径的激光，并控制缺损修复点处的温度为1678℃，使缺损修复点上的钛合金粉末熔化，形成熔池，然后停止输送钛合金粉末和激光照射，自然冷却至室温，完成钛合金薄壁叶片的激光熔覆；3) Put the titanium alloy thin-walled blade pasted with the iron powder mixture into a glove box filled with inert gas, and use a powder feeder to transport the titanium alloy powder for repair to the titanium alloy thin-walled blade at a speed of 80g/min. On the defect repair point, a laser with a power of 2000W is used to emit a laser with a spot diameter smaller than or equal to the diameter of the defect repair point, and the temperature at the defect repair point is controlled at 1678°C to melt the titanium alloy powder on the defect repair point to form a molten pool , then stop transporting titanium alloy powder and laser irradiation, cool down to room temperature naturally, and complete the laser cladding of titanium alloy thin-walled blades;
4)采用喷砂机对激光熔覆后的钛合金薄壁叶片进行表面处理，除去钛合金薄壁叶片上粘贴的铁粉混合物，即完成对钛合金薄壁叶片激光熔覆低应力局部定向冷却修复。4) Use a sandblasting machine to perform surface treatment on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade after laser cladding, remove the iron powder mixture pasted on the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, and complete the low-stress local directional cooling of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade laser cladding repair.
本发明利用金属熔化相变潜热非稳态局部高效吸热原理，将铁粉用粘结剂粘结在待加工的钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点周围，用激光熔覆成形，激光熔覆修复钛合金薄壁叶片的缺损修复点时，熔池周围产生高温使钛合金粉末熔化，产生的热量向钛合金薄壁叶片周围传导，使铁粉熔化，铁粉熔化需要吸收大量的热，从而降低钛合金薄壁叶片熔覆过程中过度受热、变形、过烧和烧穿。在同样的工艺条件下，采用铁粉进行局部定向冷却的样件比不采用铁粉冷却的样件的变形要小很多，而且内应力和裂纹显著减少，内部微观组织细化，晶粒均匀，因此本发明能够有效提高钛合金薄壁叶片的加工修复质量。The invention utilizes the principle of unsteady local high-efficiency heat absorption of metal melting phase change latent heat, bonds iron powder with a binder around the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade to be processed, forms it by laser cladding, and laser cladding When repairing the defect repair point of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade, high temperature is generated around the molten pool to melt the titanium alloy powder, and the heat generated is transmitted to the surrounding of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade to melt the iron powder. The melting of the iron powder needs to absorb a large amount of heat, thereby Reduce excessive heating, deformation, over-burning and burn-through during cladding of titanium alloy thin-walled blades. Under the same process conditions, the deformation of the sample using iron powder for local directional cooling is much smaller than that of the sample without iron powder cooling, and the internal stress and cracks are significantly reduced, the internal microstructure is refined, and the grains are uniform. Therefore, the invention can effectively improve the processing and repairing quality of the titanium alloy thin-walled blade.
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| 宫新勇等: ""TC11钛合金零件的激光熔化沉积修复研究"", 《中国激光》 * |
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| CN106513675A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-03-22 | 北京卫星制造厂 | Laser additive manufacturing forming method of titanium alloy thin-walled component |
| CN108406223A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-17 | 成都瑞合科技有限公司 | A kind of welding repair method and device of thin wall component |
| CN108406223B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2021-04-27 | 成都瑞合科技有限公司 | Welding repair method and device for thin-wall parts |
| CN110904404A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Process method and device based on synchronous composite technology of laser nitriding and shot peening on titanium alloy surface |
| WO2024045667A1 (en) * | 2022-08-27 | 2024-03-07 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Method for repairing babbitt metal bearing by means of laser cladding |
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Application publication date: 20140917 |