CN104042571A - 载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的制备方法及其制备的凝胶微球 - Google Patents
载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的制备方法及其制备的凝胶微球 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的制备方法,它是以辣椒碱为原料药,以具有良好生物可降解性、生物相容性和低毒的羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为载体材料材料,通过调节两者之间的比例与浓度,制备了载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。该pH敏感型凝胶微球载药量可达(18.06±0.26)%,包封率为(97±3.66)%,在pH7.8的介质中的释放明显优于pH1.2、pH4.8和pH6.8的环境中的释放,具有明显的pH敏感性和潜在的结肠靶向趋势。此外,本发明的凝胶微球经口服给药后,可因随胃肠道pH值的变化将药物向其最佳吸收部位多层次分步递送而呈现出一定的迟释、缓释特征,从而改善了辣椒碱的体内吸收,提高了生物利用度,且减少辣椒碱对胃黏膜的刺激性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及辣椒碱药物制剂领域,特别是涉及一种载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的制备方法。
背景技术
辣椒碱(capsaicin),分子式为C18H27NO3,化学名为反-8-甲基-N-香草基-6-壬烯基酰胺,是从辣椒中提取分离出的主要辣椒元,具有强烈的辛辣味和刺激。熔点在55~61℃,于115℃发生升华,沸点为210~220℃。辣椒碱易溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯、丙酮、二氧六环、甲苯等有机溶剂及稀碱溶液,微溶于热水、二硫化碳,而在冷水中极易析出,在石油醚中容易发生结晶,形成单斜长方形片状无色结晶。
辣椒碱药理作用广泛,在有关疾病治疗中已显出较大潜力。早期研究显示其具有镇痛、抗炎和抗氧化等多种作用,近期研究主要集中于对其抗肿瘤、防治心血管、呼吸系统和神经系统疾病、减肥、治疗风湿性关节炎及对胃肠道的保护作用(参见Baruah S,Zaman M K,Rajbongshi P,et al.A review in recent researches inbhutjolokia and pharmacological activity of capsaicin.International Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences Review&Research,2014,24(2):89-94.)。目前,于临床上,辣椒素已用于治疗关节炎、血管舒缩性鼻炎、皮肤瘙痒及缓解多种疼痛,如牙痛、关节痛、肌肉酸痛、三叉神经痛、带状泡疹后遗神经痛和糖尿病性神经痛等(参见Long X,Luo J,Yan Z,et al.Preparation and in vitro&in vivo evaluations oftopically applied capsaicin transfersomes.ActaPharmaceuticaSinica,2006,41(5):461-466.)。辣椒素独特的长效镇痛作用和特异的镇痛机制使其在具有很好的镇痛功效的同时,并未使患者产生依赖性,且未见传统镇痛药对脑组织、胃肠道组织及心血管等所致的损伤(参见Hayman M,Kam P C.Capsaicin:A review of itspharmacology and clinical applications.Current Anaesthesia&Critical Care,2008,19(5):338-343.)。
然而,因辣椒碱存在溶解度低、肝脏首过效应强、半衰期短、刺激性大等缺点,使其应用大受限制。目前,大多采用的是局部外用的辣椒素给药剂型,如收载于美国、日本、德国、加拿大等多国药典的单方或复方软膏制剂(已作为OTC类药品出售)(参见Tamura T,Kawakami U,Teratani Y,et al.Topical capsaicinpreparation,America,US6593370B2,2003.Nulu J R,Singh C U.Esters of capsaicinfor treating pain,America,US7943666B2,2011.)。此外,常见的辣椒素剂型尚有霜剂、贴剂、膜剂和巴布剂等,但在这些制剂的应用中均不可避免地呈现出不同程度的皮肤刺激性。
将药物用微球包埋后具有诸多优点:1)由于微球高分子材料的降解、药物分子的扩散,延缓药物释放,从而提高药物半衰期;2)通过控制微球的粒径,改变药物在体内组织中的分布;3)通过选择合适的微球材料使药物突破胃肠壁、粘膜、皮肤等人体防止外物入侵的重要防线,从而提高药物吸收;4)保护药物不易被蛋白酶降解而失去活性;5)提高易挥发、易氧化等药物的稳定性;6)减小药物对各组织器官的毒性或刺激性等。pH敏感型凝胶微球更加能够根据胃肠道的不同pH特性,将药物递送到特定的部位,增加药物在某一部位的释放和吸收。羧甲基壳聚糖是对壳聚糖进行的羧甲基化化学修饰而得,因其保存了壳聚糖的氨基,既有壳聚糖的优点(如生物黏附性和促渗透性),又极大地提高了水溶性和保湿性(参见Lin Y-H,Liang H-F,Chung C-K,et al.Physically crosslinkedalginate/n,o-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels with calcium for oral delivery ofprotein drugs.Biomaterials,2005,26(14):2105-2113)。海藻酸作为口服给药载体,具有诸多优良的特性,如制备方法简单且条件温和、生物相容性(口服无毒、无易生物降解)、生物黏附性和特殊的pH敏感性:在pH较低的酸性环境(如胃)中,海藻酸凝胶易收缩,呈致密网状,释药较慢,而在pH较高的环境(如结肠)中,海藻酸凝胶易发生离子化而膨胀,使得释药加快(参见Gombotz W R,Wee SF.Protein release from alginate matrices.Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,2012,64:194-205.Lin Y-H,Liang H-F,Chung C-K,et al.Physically crosslinked alginate/n,o-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels with calcium for oral delivery of protein drugs.Biomaterials,2005,26(14):2105-2113.)。将羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠合用时,羧甲基壳聚糖中的氨基和海藻酸钠中的羧基可通过离子间作用力形成聚合电解质络合物,从而减小了凝胶结构中孔隙,提高了药物的包封率,而通过调节两者的比例可改变凝胶的pH敏感性,实现在酸性条件下不释放或释放较少,而在较高的pH条件下将药物释放出来,从而可避免或减少药物在胃中释放,以得到更加理想的释药性能,从而提高药物的体内生物利用度(参见George M,Abraham T E.Polyionic hydrocolloids for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs:Alginate andchitosan—a review.Journal of Controlled Release,2006,114(1):1-14.)。目前,尚未有以辣椒碱作为原料药制备成pH敏感型羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠凝胶微球,以达到提高辣椒碱生物利用度和减小刺激性的研究报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠凝胶微球,将难溶于水的辣椒碱制备成凝胶微球,以改善其体内生物利用度,减小刺激性。
本发明的另一目的是提供这种载有辣椒碱pH敏感型凝胶微球的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠凝胶微球的制备方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
(1)1%-5%羧甲基壳聚糖溶液与1%-5%海藻酸钠溶液,按1:1-8的体积比两液混合作为水相;
(2)按辣椒碱与海藻酸钠的质量比为1:1-100加入辣椒碱,加热至60℃以上,辣椒碱熔化作为油相;
(3)两相混合匀化后,将混合溶液滴入到1%-20%CaCl2溶液中,在20-80℃,以200-1200rpm的转速搅拌10min-4h,收集小球,蒸馏水多次洗涤,冷冻干燥或真空干燥制成辣椒碱pH敏感型凝胶微球。
一种根据上述制备方法制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠凝胶微球。
有益效果
本发明具有以下的有益效果:
1.本发明的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球载药量可达(18.06±0.26)%,包封率为(97±3.66)%;
2.本发明的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球在pH7.8的介质中的释放明显优于pH1.2、pH4.8和pH6.8的环境中的释放,4h内于pH7.8的介质中累积释放量达90%以上,具有明显的pH敏感性和潜在的结肠靶向趋势;
3.本发明的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球经口服给药后,可因随胃肠道pH值的变化将药物向其最佳吸收部位多层次分步递送而呈现出一定的迟释、缓释特征,从而改善了辣椒碱的体内吸收,提高了辣椒碱的生物利用度;
4.本发明的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球可是辣椒碱对胃粘膜的刺激性明显降低;
5.本发明的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球采用的配方和方法简单可行,无需特殊设备,便于大规模工业化生产。
附图说明:
图1为实施例1制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的不同pH条件下的体外累积释放曲线图(n=3)。
图2为实施例1制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的平均血药浓度-时间曲线图(n=6)。
图3为实施例1制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球对小鼠的胃粘膜刺激性图(n=3)。
具体实施方式
以下所列实施例有助于本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
以下实施例所用主要仪器和材料
实验材料:羧甲基壳聚糖(合肥博美生物科技有限公司,脱乙酰度≥90%);海藻酸钠(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)
实验仪器:恒温磁力搅拌器(广州仪科实验室技术有限公司);KQ-500DE型数控超声波清洗机(无锡市超声电子设备有限公司);液相色谱仪(包括LC-20AT泵,symmetry C18柱,SPD-20A紫外检测器)(日本岛津公司);LSP01-1A恒流泵(河北保定兰格恒流泵有限公司);ZRS-8G智能溶出仪(天津天大天发有限公司)
实施例1、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球
(1)精密称取60mg的辣椒碱,加入到4mL质量百分浓度为3%的海藻酸钠和2mL质量百分浓度为3%的羧甲基壳聚糖的混合溶液中,在60℃下使得辣椒碱熔化成油相,涡旋匀化,得混合液体;
(2)通过恒流泵使液体以一定的速度滴入到质量百分浓度为3%的CaC12的溶液中,(37.0±0.5)℃下,以400rpm的速度磁力搅拌30min后,收集微球,蒸馏水多次洗涤后,真空干燥至恒重,即得载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。
实施例2、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球
(1)精密称取120mg的辣椒碱,加入到36mL质量百分浓度为1%的海藻酸钠和6mL质量百分浓度为3%的羧甲基壳聚糖的混合溶液中,在60℃下使得辣椒碱熔化成油相,涡旋匀化,得混合液体;
(2)通过恒流泵使液体以一定的速度滴入到质量百分浓度为1%的CaC12的溶液中,(37.0±0.5)℃下,以400rpm的速度磁力搅拌30min后,收集微球,蒸馏水多次洗涤后,真空干燥至恒重,即得载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。
实施例3、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球
(1)精密称取60mg的辣椒碱,加入到6mL质量百分浓度为5%的海藻酸钠和6mL质量百分浓度为3%的羧甲基壳聚糖的混合溶液中,在60℃下使得辣椒碱熔化成油相,涡旋匀化,得混合液体,
(2)通过恒流泵使液体以一定的速度滴入到质量百分浓度为10%的CaC12的溶液中,(37.0±0.5)℃下,以400rpm的速度磁力搅拌30min后,收集微球,蒸馏水多次洗涤后,真空干燥至恒重,即得载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。
实施例4、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球
(1)精密称取60mg的辣椒碱,加入到8mL质量百分浓度为3%的海藻酸钠和2mL质量百分浓度为5%的羧甲基壳聚糖的混合溶液中,在60℃下使得辣椒碱熔化成油相,涡旋匀化,得混合液体,
(2)通过恒流泵使液体以一定的速度滴入到质量百分浓度为15%的CaC12的溶液中,(20.0±0.5)℃下,以1200rpm的速度磁力搅拌10min后,收集微球,蒸馏水多次洗涤后,真空干燥至恒重,即得载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。
实施例5、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球
(1)精密称取25.0mg的辣椒碱,加入到10mL质量百分浓度为5%的海藻酸钠和2mL质量百分浓度为5%的羧甲基壳聚糖的混合溶液中,在60℃下使得辣椒碱熔化成油相,涡旋匀化,得混合液体,
(2)通过恒流泵使液体以一定的速度滴入到质量百分浓度为20%的CaC12的溶液中,(80.0±0.5)℃下,以600rpm的速度磁力搅拌30min后,收集微球,蒸馏水多次洗涤后,真空干燥至恒重,即得载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。
实施例6、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球
(1)精密称取3.6mg的辣椒碱,加入到6mL质量百分浓度为3%的海藻酸钠和2mL质量百分浓度为2%的羧甲基壳聚糖的混合溶液中,在60℃下使得辣椒碱熔化成油相,涡旋匀化,得混合液体,
(2)通过恒流泵使液体以一定的速度滴入到质量百分浓度为4%的CaC12的溶液中,(20.0±0.5)℃下,以200rpm的速度磁力搅拌4h后,收集微球,蒸馏水多次洗涤后,真空干燥至恒重,即得载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。
实施例7、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球
(1)精密称取3.6mg的辣椒碱,加入到12mL质量百分浓度为3%的海藻酸钠和1.5mL质量百分浓度为4%的羧甲基壳聚糖的混合溶液中,在60℃下使得辣椒碱熔化成油相,涡旋匀化,得混合液体,
(2)通过恒流泵使液体以一定的速度滴入到质量百分浓度为3%的CaC12的溶液中,(37.0±0.5)℃下,以400rpm的速度磁力搅拌30min后,收集微球,蒸馏水多次洗涤后,冷冻干燥,即得载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。
实施例8、将实施例1所制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球进行载药量、包封率和粒径的测定,进一步说明本发明的效果。
(1)精密称取所制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球4.0mg置于100mL量瓶中,加入50mL的PBS(pH7.8)溶液,超声直至微球溶蚀,冷却至室温后无水乙醇定容至刻度,0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后,按照HPLC法测定其载药量为(18.06±0.26)%,包封率为(97±3.66)%。
(2)采用筛分法测定载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的粒度分布:精密称量10g载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球,选取18-28目的筛网进行筛分,将筛按目数由小到大的顺序从上到下堆叠放置,将一定量不同批次的载药凝胶微球置于最上层的筛中,摇晃15min,将各个目数筛上的凝胶微球取出,称重,计算各目数筛上的重量百分数,由此获得以重量为基准的筛分粒径分布。所测得的粒径范围为700-830μm。
实施例9、辣椒碱pH敏感型凝胶微球的体外释放试验
分别定量精密称取辣椒素原药和实施例1制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球(相当于40.0mg辣椒碱),分别以pH1.2、pH4.0、pH6.8和pH7.4的溶液作为释放介质,转速100rpm,温度(37±0.5)℃,依法操作,定时(0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12和24h)取样3mL(并立即补加等量溶出介质),样品溶液经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,弃去初滤液,取续滤液,进样,记录峰面积,根据标准曲线方程得到药物浓度,计算不同时间的累积释放量,绘制体外释放曲线图(图1),说明所制备的凝胶微球的释放明显优于原料药,凝胶微球在pH7.8的介质中的释放明显优于酸性和pH6.8的环境中的释放,具有显著的pH敏感性,4h内在pH7.8的介质中的累积释放量可达90%以上。
实施例10、辣椒碱pH敏感型凝胶微球的相对生物利用度实验
(1)动物给药与血样处理
12只健康雄性SD大鼠给药前禁食不禁水12小时,分别按90mg·kg-1的剂量灌胃给药:辣椒碱原料药0.5%的CMC-Na混悬液和载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。给药后分别于0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12和24h,大鼠眼眶后静脉丛采血约0.6mL,置于预先加入肝素的抗凝管中,以8000rpm的速度离心10min后取血浆200μL置于10mL具塞离心管中,依次加入10μL甲醇、400μL蒸馏水、50μLIS溶液(10.0μg·mL-1α-萘酚的醇溶液)、500μL乙腈后涡旋振荡1min,精密量取环己烷和乙酸乙酯各1.5mL,涡旋振荡3min后以3000rpm的速度离心10min,取上清液2.5mL置干净离心管中,(37.0±0.5)℃恒温水浴下氮气挥干溶剂,加入100μL的甲醇后涡旋1min,继而以3000rpm的速度离心5min,吸取20 μL上清液进HPLC测定,记录色谱峰。
(2)血浆药时曲线与相对生物利用度
绘制载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球与原料药的血浆药时曲线,见图2。血药浓度数据经BAPP软件(中国药科大学药代中心提供)拟合药动学参数,参数数据以Mean±SD表示,结果见表2。相对生物利用度F=AUCT×DR/(AUCR×DT)×100%,其中DT为载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的口服给药剂量,DR为辣椒碱的给药剂量。从结果可以看出,载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的t1/2、MRT和AUC显著高于原料药,说明本发明经口服给药后,可因随胃肠道pH值的变化将药物向其最佳吸收部位多层次分步递送而呈现出一定的迟释、缓释特征,从而改善了辣椒碱的体内吸收,相对口服生物利用度较原料药为154.40%,显著提高了辣椒碱的生物利用度。
表1
*P<0.05,**P<0.01
实施例11、载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球的胃粘膜刺激性实验
9只健康雄性,300±20g的SD大鼠,由江苏大学实验动物中心提供。在适应环境三天后进行实验,给药前禁食12小时,自由饮水,随机分为三组,每组三只,按90 mg·kg-1(以辣椒碱计)的剂量分别一次灌胃给药:生理盐水10mL·kg-1、辣椒碱原料药0.5%的CMC-Na混悬液和载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球。2h后将大鼠解剖,结扎胃幽门和贲门下端,取下全胃。用10%福尔马林溶液固定后,所有样品均进行常规脱水,石蜡包埋。将胃部的病理切片用苏木精和伊红染色后,置于配有电脑控制的数码相机的奥林巴斯CKX41光学显微镜下观察。结果见图3。由图看出,与生理盐水对照组相比,经辣椒碱原料药口服灌胃的大鼠胃部出现了胃黏膜组织结构不完整,炎性细胞浸润,细胞结构破坏,细胞核碎裂、固缩,刺激性较大;凝胶微球组仍可见较完整的胃黏膜组织结构,大部分细胞形态较清晰,未见炎性细胞浸润,仅少量细胞核固缩。结果表明,本发明的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型凝胶微球能够明显降低辣椒碱对胃黏膜的刺激性。
Claims (2)
1.一种载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠凝胶微球的制备方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
(1)1%-5%羧甲基壳聚糖溶液与1%-5%海藻酸钠溶液,按1:1-8的体积比两液混合作为水相;
(2)按辣椒碱与海藻酸钠的质量比为1:1-100加入辣椒碱,加热至60℃以上,辣椒碱熔化作为油相;
(3)两相混合匀化后,将混合溶液滴入到1%-20%CaCl2溶液中,在20-80℃,以200-1200rpm的转速搅拌10min-4h,收集小球,蒸馏水多次洗涤,冷冻干燥或真空干燥制成辣椒碱pH敏感型凝胶微球。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的制备方法制备的载有辣椒碱的pH敏感型羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠凝胶微球。
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| CN101108165A (zh) * | 2007-07-11 | 2008-01-23 | 中国人民武装警察部队医学院 | 一种辣椒碱微乳及微乳凝胶 |
| CN101507818A (zh) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-08-19 | 中国人民武装警察部队医学院 | 辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物及包合物的脂质体及凝胶 |
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| WO2006058140A2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | Algorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Capsaicinoid gel formulation and uses thereof |
| CN1850111A (zh) * | 2006-02-28 | 2006-10-25 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | 一种可生物降解的止血粉 |
| CN101108165A (zh) * | 2007-07-11 | 2008-01-23 | 中国人民武装警察部队医学院 | 一种辣椒碱微乳及微乳凝胶 |
| CN101507818A (zh) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-08-19 | 中国人民武装警察部队医学院 | 辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物及包合物的脂质体及凝胶 |
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| CN107072966A (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏大学 | 辣椒碱‑维生素e前药自组装纳米粒及其制法和用途 |
| WO2018112725A1 (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | 江苏大学 | 一种辣椒碱-维生素e前药脂质体及其制法和用途 |
| WO2018112728A1 (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | 江苏大学 | 辣椒碱-维生素e前药自组装纳米粒及其制法和用途 |
| CN107072966B (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2021-12-28 | 江苏大学 | 辣椒碱-维生素e前药自组装纳米粒及其制法和用途 |
| JP2019006730A (ja) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-17 | 小林製薬株式会社 | 外用組成物 |
| JP2019006729A (ja) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-17 | 小林製薬株式会社 | 外用組成物 |
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| CN109528683A (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-29 | 浙江华康药业股份有限公司 | 一种阿拉伯糖定点释放对肠内产丁酸菌的调控方法 |
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| CN109908359B (zh) * | 2019-04-21 | 2022-04-29 | 西北工业大学 | 一种多药物分阶段连续控释给药系统及其制备方法 |
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| CN113558237B (zh) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-11-24 | 南昌大学 | 一种负载辣椒碱双相网络油包水高内相乳液的制备方法 |
| CN113769175A (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-12-10 | 上海朵凌医疗科技有限公司 | 一种含有海藻酸钠和聚乳酸的组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113769175B (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-09-30 | 上海朵凌医疗科技有限公司 | 一种含有海藻酸钠和聚乳酸的组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN115885990A (zh) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-04-04 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种壳聚糖-辣椒碱微胶囊材料及其制备方法 |
| CN115885990B (zh) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-04-23 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种壳聚糖-辣椒碱微胶囊材料及其制备方法 |
| CN116059294A (zh) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-05 | 深圳太太药业有限公司 | 改善睡眠和增加骨密度的中药组合物及其产品和制备方法 |
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