CN104071351B - A kind of airfield runway takeoff and landing monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of airfield runway takeoff and landing monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种机场跑道飞机起降监测系统。其包括振动检测系统、机号检测系统、环境检测系统、声检测系统、局域网设备、主控制器、内网安全隔离设备和设备管理服务器。本发明的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统的有益效果是：首先，与传统检测方式相比，本系统对飞机着陆冲击载荷的检测完全在地面实现，无需在飞机上安装传感器。其次，本系统可实时得出飞机着陆时间、着陆冲击载荷、机号、机型、飞机起飞时间、跑道摩擦系数估值和跑道胶质物累计厚度等数据，机场方也可在任意时间查询以上数据。第三，本系统可预估跑道除胶作业时间，机场可根据此事件提前计划除胶作业，无需使用摩擦系数车检测跑道摩擦系数；第四、本发明提供的数据有利于促进机场精细化管理。
The utility model relates to an airport runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system. It includes vibration detection system, machine number detection system, environment detection system, sound detection system, LAN equipment, main controller, intranet safety isolation equipment and equipment management server. The beneficial effects of the airfield runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system of the present invention are as follows: firstly, compared with the traditional detection method, the system can detect the impact load of the aircraft landing completely on the ground, without installing sensors on the aircraft. Secondly, this system can obtain data such as aircraft landing time, landing impact load, aircraft number, model, aircraft take-off time, runway friction coefficient estimation and runway colloid cumulative thickness in real time, and the airport can also query the above data at any time data. Third, this system can estimate the runway deglue operation time, and the airport can plan the degumming operation in advance according to this event, without using the friction coefficient car to detect the runway friction coefficient; fourth, the data provided by the present invention is conducive to promoting fine management of the airport .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于地面振动检测技术和图像处理技术领域，特别是涉及一种机场跑道飞机起降监测系统。The invention belongs to the field of ground vibration detection technology and image processing technology, in particular to an airport runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国经济水平的提高和民航业的发展，越来越多的人选择乘坐飞机出行，因此全国各机场的航班数量不断增长。由于机场跑道数量有限，航班数量的增加必然会带来航班起降管理问题，落后的管理必然导致机场不能合理调度飞机的起降，造成航班延误。目前国内机场通过场监雷达监测飞机起降过程，但无法获知飞机的准确起飞和落地时间。由于缺乏飞机准确的起降时间信息，机场也就无从对飞机的起降计划进行精细化管理。With the improvement of my country's economic level and the development of the civil aviation industry, more and more people choose to travel by air, so the number of flights at various airports across the country continues to increase. Due to the limited number of runways at the airport, the increase in the number of flights will inevitably lead to problems in flight take-off and landing management. The backward management will inevitably lead to the airport's inability to reasonably schedule the take-off and landing of aircraft, resulting in flight delays. At present, domestic airports use field monitoring radar to monitor the process of aircraft take-off and landing, but it is impossible to know the exact time of take-off and landing of the aircraft. Due to the lack of accurate take-off and landing time information of the aircraft, the airport has no way of finely managing the take-off and landing plan of the aircraft.
另一方面，由于飞机在起飞和降落过程中极易发生安全事故，为了保障飞机起降安全，对机场跑道的工况提出了很高的要求。跑道工况的一个重要指标就是摩擦系数，摩擦系数过低则会造成飞机侧滑，偏离跑道。影响跑道摩擦系数的因素有很多，主要包括跑道胶质物的累积厚度、积水或积雪量等。其中，跑道累积胶质物的主要原因是：飞机着陆过程中起落架轮胎与跑道剧烈摩擦会将轮胎橡胶附着在跑道上形成胶质物累积，飞机接地瞬间的冲击载荷越大，则附着在跑道上的胶质物越多，胶质物的累积会降低跑道的摩擦系数。同时，飞机接地冲击载荷过大还会加速道面的变形和过沉降，从而导致道面寿命缩短。而目前对跑道工况的检测只能定期通过特种设备来完成，因此道面维护具有一定的滞后性，无法提前确定维护作业的时间。On the other hand, since aircraft are prone to safety accidents during take-off and landing, in order to ensure the safety of aircraft take-off and landing, very high requirements are put forward for the working conditions of the airport runway. An important indicator of runway conditions is the coefficient of friction. If the coefficient of friction is too low, the aircraft will skid and deviate from the runway. There are many factors that affect the friction coefficient of the runway, mainly including the accumulated thickness of the runway colloid, the amount of accumulated water or snow, etc. Among them, the main reason for the accumulation of colloids on the runway is: the severe friction between the landing gear tires and the runway during the landing process of the aircraft will attach the tire rubber to the runway to form the accumulation of colloids. The more gum on the track, the accumulation of gum will reduce the coefficient of friction of the runway. At the same time, the excessive grounding impact load of the aircraft will accelerate the deformation and over-settlement of the pavement, which will shorten the service life of the pavement. At present, the detection of runway conditions can only be completed regularly through special equipment, so the maintenance of the pavement has a certain lag, and the time of maintenance operations cannot be determined in advance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种机场跑道飞机起降监测系统。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a system for monitoring aircraft take-off and landing on an airport runway.
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统包括：振动检测系统、机号检测系统、环境检测系统、声检测系统、局域网设备、主控制器、内网安全隔离设备和设备管理服务器；其中，振动检测系统与局域网设备通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于采集飞机着陆冲击载荷产生的地面振动；振动检测系统同时与机号检测系统通过标准总线相连接，用于向机号检测系统发送准备信号；机号检测系统与局域网设备通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于采集飞机机翼下方机号图像，并进行图像识别；环境检测系统与局域网设备通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于检测降雨量、降雪量数据；声检测系统与局域网设备通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于采集飞机起飞过程中的发动机噪声；声检测系统同时与机号检测系统通过标准总线相连接，用于向机号检测系统发送准备信号；局域网设备与主控制器通过以太网连接；主控制器是本系统的控制核心，通过内网安全隔离设备与空管场监雷达系统和机场生产内网相连接，用于接收空管场监雷达系统中的飞机进近信息，以及机场生产内网中的时钟数据；设备管理服务器与主控制器相连接。In order to achieve the above object, the airport runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system provided by the present invention includes: vibration detection system, machine number detection system, environment detection system, sound detection system, local area network equipment, main controller, intranet safety isolation equipment and equipment management Server; among them, the vibration detection system is connected with the local area network equipment through wired or wireless Ethernet, and is used to collect the ground vibration generated by the landing impact load of the aircraft; the vibration detection system is connected with the machine number detection system through a standard bus at the same time, used The detection system sends a preparation signal; the machine number detection system is connected to the LAN device through a wired or wireless Ethernet, and is used to collect the image of the machine number under the wing of the aircraft and perform image recognition; the environmental detection system is connected to the LAN device through a wired or wireless Ethernet , used to detect rainfall and snowfall data; the acoustic detection system is connected with LAN equipment through wired or wireless Ethernet to collect engine noise during aircraft take-off; the acoustic detection system is also connected to the machine number detection system through a standard bus , used to send preparation signals to the machine number detection system; LAN equipment and the main controller are connected through Ethernet; The network is connected to receive the aircraft approach information in the air traffic control radar system and the clock data in the airport production intranet; the equipment management server is connected to the main controller.
所述的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统还包括时钟系统、存储系统和显示设备；主控制器分别与时钟系统、存储系统和显示设备相连接。The airport runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system also includes a clock system, a storage system and a display device; the main controller is connected with the clock system, the storage system and the display device respectively.
所述的振动检测系统、机号检测系统、环境检测系统、声检测系统和主控制器均属控制系统，采用微控制器、微处理器、FPGA或PLC作为核心控制器。The vibration detection system, machine number detection system, environment detection system, sound detection system and main controller all belong to the control system, adopting microcontroller, microprocessor, FPGA or PLC as the core controller.
所述的振动检测系统包括：振动传感器阵列、多个变送器、信号采集模块、振动检测系统控制器、以太网传输模块和标准总线模块；其中，振动传感器阵列包含多个振动传感器，每个振动传感器通过一个变送器与信号采集模块连接；信号采集模块与振动检测系统控制器连接；振动检测系统控制器分别与以太网传输模块和标准总线模块连接；振动传感器阵列中的振动传感器为力传感器、速度传感器或加速度传感器；以太网传输模块具有有线或无线以太网接口。The vibration detection system includes: a vibration sensor array, a plurality of transmitters, a signal acquisition module, a vibration detection system controller, an Ethernet transmission module and a standard bus module; wherein the vibration sensor array includes a plurality of vibration sensors, each The vibration sensor is connected to the signal acquisition module through a transmitter; the signal acquisition module is connected to the vibration detection system controller; the vibration detection system controller is respectively connected to the Ethernet transmission module and the standard bus module; the vibration sensor in the vibration sensor array is a force sensor, speed sensor or acceleration sensor; the Ethernet transmission module has a wired or wireless Ethernet interface.
所述的机号检测系统包括：可见光图像传感器、图像采集卡、距离传感器、机号检测系统控制器、以太网传输模块和标准总线模块；其中，可见光图像传感器与图像采集卡连接；图像采集卡与机号检测系统控制器连接；同时，机号检测系统控制器也与可见光图像传感器连接；距离传感器与机号检测系统控制器连接；机号检测系统控制器同时与以太网传输模块和标准总线模块连接。The machine number detection system includes: a visible light image sensor, an image acquisition card, a distance sensor, a machine number detection system controller, an Ethernet transmission module and a standard bus module; wherein, the visible light image sensor is connected to the image acquisition card; the image acquisition card It is connected with the machine number detection system controller; at the same time, the machine number detection system controller is also connected with the visible light image sensor; the distance sensor is connected with the machine number detection system controller; the machine number detection system controller is also connected with the Ethernet transmission module and the standard bus module connection.
所述的可见光图像传感器为CCD摄像头、CMOS摄像头、云台摄像头或高速照相机，用于采集飞机机翼下机号标识的可见光图像；每套机号检测系统包含2个可见光图像传感器；距离传感器为激光传感器、红外传感器或超声传感器，用于探测飞机机翼是否经过可见光图像传感器上方。The visible light image sensor is a CCD camera, a CMOS camera, a pan-tilt camera or a high-speed camera, which is used to collect the visible light image of the machine number mark under the wing of the aircraft; each set of machine number detection system includes 2 visible light image sensors; the distance sensor is a laser Sensors, infrared sensors or ultrasonic sensors, are used to detect whether an aircraft wing passes over a visible light image sensor.
所述的环境检测系统包括：降雨量传感器、降雪量传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、环境检测系统控制器和以太网传输模块；其中，降雨量传感器、降雪量传感器、温度传感器和湿度传感器均与环境检测系统控制器连接；环境检测系统控制器与以太网传输模块连接。Described environment detection system comprises: rainfall sensor, snowfall sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, environment detection system controller and Ethernet transmission module; Wherein, rainfall sensor, snowfall sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are all connected with The environment detection system controller is connected; the environment detection system controller is connected with the Ethernet transmission module.
所述的声检测系统包括：声传感器、信号放大和滤波模块、声检测系统控制器、以太网传输模块和标准总线模块；其中，声传感器与信号放大和滤波模块连接，用以检测飞机起飞过程中的发动机噪声；信号放大和滤波模块与声检测系统控制器连接；温度传感器、湿度传感器与声检测系统控制器直接连接，用于对声速和声衰减率进行温湿度补偿；声检测系统控制器与以太网传输模块和标准总线模块连接。The acoustic detection system includes: an acoustic sensor, a signal amplification and filtering module, an acoustic detection system controller, an Ethernet transmission module and a standard bus module; wherein the acoustic sensor is connected with the signal amplification and filtering module to detect the aircraft take-off process The engine noise in the engine; the signal amplification and filtering module is connected with the controller of the sound detection system; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are directly connected with the controller of the sound detection system for temperature and humidity compensation of the sound velocity and sound attenuation rate; the controller of the sound detection system Connect with Ethernet transmission module and standard bus module.
所述的局域网设备是有线设备或无线设备；显示设备是LCD显示屏。The LAN device is a wired device or a wireless device; the display device is an LCD display.
所述的振动检测系统和机号检测系统有多套，每条跑道的入口各安装一套振动检测系统和一套机号检测系统；对于每套振动检测系统，其振动传感器阵列包括多个振动传感器，对称安装于跑道入口两侧道肩的地面；对于每套机号检测系统，其两个可见光图像传感器对称安装于跑道道肩以外，振动传感器阵列面向飞机降落方向；每条跑道配置2套声检测系统，每套声检测系统上的声传感器安装于跑道入口外侧。There are multiple sets of the vibration detection system and machine number detection system, and a set of vibration detection system and a set of machine number detection system are respectively installed at the entrance of each runway; for each set of vibration detection system, its vibration sensor array includes a plurality of vibration Sensors are symmetrically installed on the ground on both sides of the runway entrance; for each machine number detection system, two visible light image sensors are symmetrically installed outside the runway shoulders, and the vibration sensor array faces the landing direction of the aircraft; each runway is equipped with 2 sets Acoustic detection system, the acoustic sensor on each set of acoustic detection system is installed on the outside of the runway threshold.
本发明提供的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统的有益效果是：首先，与传统检测方式相比，本系统对飞机着陆冲击载荷的检测完全在地面实现，无需在飞机上安装传感器。其次，本系统可实时得出飞机着陆时间、着陆冲击载荷、机号、机型、飞机起飞时间、跑道摩擦系数估值和跑道胶质物累计厚度等数据，机场方也可在任意时间查询以上数据。第三，本系统可预估跑道除胶作业时间，机场可根据此事件提前计划除胶作业，无需使用摩擦系数车检测跑道摩擦系数；第四、本发明提供的数据有利于促进机场精细化管理。The beneficial effects of the airport runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system provided by the present invention are as follows: firstly, compared with the traditional detection method, the detection of the landing impact load of the aircraft by this system is completely realized on the ground without installing sensors on the aircraft. Secondly, this system can obtain data such as aircraft landing time, landing impact load, aircraft number, model, aircraft take-off time, runway friction coefficient estimation and runway colloid cumulative thickness in real time, and the airport can also query the above data at any time data. Third, this system can estimate the runway deglue operation time, and the airport can plan the degumming operation in advance according to this event, without using the friction coefficient car to detect the runway friction coefficient; fourth, the data provided by the present invention is conducive to the promotion of refined airport management .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统的组成框图。Fig. 1 is a compositional block diagram of an airport runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system provided by the present invention.
图2为本发明系统中振动检测系统的组成框图。Fig. 2 is a composition block diagram of the vibration detection system in the system of the present invention.
图3为本发明系统中机号检测系统的组成框图。Fig. 3 is a composition block diagram of the machine number detection system in the system of the present invention.
图4为本发明系统中环境检测系统的组成框图。Fig. 4 is a composition block diagram of the environment detection system in the system of the present invention.
图5为本发明系统中声检测系统的组成框图。Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the acoustic detection system in the system of the present invention.
图6为本发明提供的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统中部分部件安装示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of installation of some components in the airport runway aircraft takeoff and landing monitoring system provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明提供的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统进行详细说明。The airport runway aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明提供的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统包括：振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境检测系统3、声检测系统4、局域网设备5、主控制器6、内网安全隔离设备9和设备管理服务器12；其中，振动检测系统1与局域网设备5通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于采集飞机着陆冲击载荷产生的地面振动；振动检测系统1同时与机号检测系统2通过标准总线相连接，用于向机号检测系统2发送准备信号；机号检测系统2与局域网设备5通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于采集飞机机翼下方机号图像，并进行图像识别；环境检测系统3与局域网设备5通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于检测降雨量、降雪量等环境数据；声检测系统4与局域网设备5通过有线或无线以太网连接，用于采集飞机起飞过程中的发动机噪声；声检测系统4同时与机号检测系统2通过标准总线相连接，用于向机号检测系统2发送准备信号；局域网设备5与主控制器6通过以太网连接；主控制器6是本系统的控制核心，通过内网安全隔离设备9与空管场监雷达系统10和机场生产内网11相连接，用于接收空管场监雷达系统10中的飞机进近信息，以及机场生产内网11中的时钟数据；设备管理服务器12与主控制器6相连接。As shown in Figure 1, the aircraft take-off and landing monitoring system on the airport runway provided by the present invention includes: a vibration detection system 1, a machine number detection system 2, an environment detection system 3, an acoustic detection system 4, a local area network device 5, a main controller 6, an internal Network security isolation equipment 9 and equipment management server 12; Wherein, vibration detection system 1 and local area network equipment 5 are connected through wired or wireless Ethernet, are used for collecting the ground vibration that aircraft landing impact load produces; Vibration detection system 1 and machine number detection simultaneously System 2 is connected through a standard bus, and is used to send a preparation signal to machine number detection system 2; machine number detection system 2 is connected to LAN device 5 through wired or wireless Ethernet, and is used to collect the machine number image under the aircraft wing, and perform Image recognition; the environment detection system 3 is connected to the LAN device 5 through a wired or wireless Ethernet to detect environmental data such as rainfall and snowfall; the sound detection system 4 is connected to the LAN device 5 through a wired or wireless Ethernet to collect The engine noise in the aircraft take-off process; the sound detection system 4 is connected with the machine number detection system 2 through a standard bus at the same time, and is used to send a preparation signal to the machine number detection system 2; the local area network device 5 is connected with the main controller 6 through Ethernet; The main controller 6 is the control core of the system, and is connected with the air traffic control radar system 10 and the airport production internal network 11 through the internal network safety isolation device 9, and is used to receive the aircraft approach in the air traffic control radar system 10 information, and the clock data in the airport production intranet 11; the equipment management server 12 is connected with the master controller 6.
本系统还包括时钟系统7、存储系统8和显示设备13；主控制器6分别与时钟系统7、存储系统8和显示设备13相连接；所述主控制器6利用振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境检测系统3、声检测系统4和时钟系统7产生的数据，以及存储系统8的内置资源，实现了对飞机着陆冲击载荷数、准确着陆时间、飞机着陆点、飞机起飞时间、滑跑距离、滑跑速度、跑道胶质物累积厚度、跑道摩擦系数、预计除胶作业时间等数据的计算，以及对飞机机号的自动识别，并在存储系统8中的起降信息数据库对以上数据进行存储和管理，在显示设备13中进行实时显示。This system also comprises clock system 7, storage system 8 and display device 13; Main controller 6 is connected with clock system 7, storage system 8 and display device 13 respectively; Described main controller 6 utilizes vibration detection system 1, machine number The data produced by the detection system 2, the environment detection system 3, the sound detection system 4 and the clock system 7, and the built-in resources of the storage system 8 realize the impact load number of the aircraft landing, the accurate landing time, the aircraft landing point, the aircraft take-off time, Calculation of data such as runway distance, runway speed, cumulative thickness of runway colloids, runway friction coefficient, and estimated glue removal operation time, as well as automatic identification of aircraft numbers, and the take-off and landing information database in the storage system 8. The above data are stored and managed, and displayed on the display device 13 in real time.
另外，机场工作人员可以通过设备管理服务器12对飞机机号、飞机着陆冲击载荷数、准确着陆时间、飞机着陆点、飞机起飞时间、滑跑距离、滑跑速度、跑道胶质物累积厚度、跑道摩擦系数、预计除胶作业时间等数据进行查询；同时，拥有权限的工作人员也可通过设备管理服务器12对振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境检测系统3、声检测系统4、主控制器6和存储系统8各设备进行监控，并根据需要修正存储系统8中飞机信息数据库储存的信息和跑道胶质物累积模型参数等。In addition, the airport staff can use the equipment management server 12 to check the aircraft number, the number of aircraft landing impact loads, the exact landing time, the aircraft landing point, the aircraft take-off time, the runway distance, the runway speed, the accumulated thickness of the runway colloid, the runway Friction coefficient, estimated deglue operation time and other data can be queried; at the same time, authorized staff can also check the vibration detection system 1, machine number detection system 2, environment detection system 3, sound detection system 4, main The controller 6 and the devices of the storage system 8 monitor and correct the information stored in the aircraft information database in the storage system 8 and the parameters of the runway colloid accumulation model, etc. as required.
所述的振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境检测系统3、声检测系统4和主控制器6均属控制系统，存在上下位逻辑关系，采用微控制器、微处理器、FPGA或PLC作为核心控制器。The vibration detection system 1, the machine number detection system 2, the environment detection system 3, the sound detection system 4 and the main controller 6 all belong to the control system, and there is an upper and lower logic relationship. Microcontrollers, microprocessors, FPGAs or PLC as the core controller.
如图2所示，所述的振动检测系统1包括：振动传感器阵列14、多个变送器15、信号采集模块16、振动检测系统控制器17、以太网传输模块18和标准总线模块19。其中，振动传感器阵列14包含多个振动传感器，每个振动传感器通过一个变送器15与信号采集模块16连接；信号采集模块16与振动检测系统控制器17连接；振动检测系统控制器17分别与以太网传输模块18和标准总线模块19连接。As shown in FIG. 2 , the vibration detection system 1 includes: a vibration sensor array 14 , a plurality of transmitters 15 , a signal acquisition module 16 , a vibration detection system controller 17 , an Ethernet transmission module 18 and a standard bus module 19 . Wherein, the vibration sensor array 14 comprises a plurality of vibration sensors, each vibration sensor is connected with the signal acquisition module 16 by a transmitter 15; the signal acquisition module 16 is connected with the vibration detection system controller 17; the vibration detection system controller 17 is connected with the vibration detection system controller 17 respectively The Ethernet transmission module 18 is connected to the standard bus module 19 .
所述的振动传感器阵列14中的振动传感器可以是力传感器、速度传感器或加速度传感器，用于检测因飞机着陆冲击产生的地面振动；变送器15将振动传感器的输出信号滤波后转换为4-20mA标准电流信号传送给信号采集模块16；信号采集模块16将变送器15输出电流信号转换为电压信号，并再次进行滤波，接着将滤波后的电压信号进行模数转换，并传送给振动检测系统控制器17；当振动检测系统控制器17接收到地面振动信号时，立即通过标准总线模块19向机号检测系统2发送准备信号，同时根据地面振动信号计算出飞机着陆的接地时间、冲击载荷和接地位置等数据；振动检测系统控制器17还可根据冲击载荷和地面振动信号特征识别出飞机的机型；The vibration sensor in the described vibration sensor array 14 can be force sensor, velocity sensor or acceleration sensor, is used for detecting the ground vibration that produces because of the landing impact of aircraft; Transmitter 15 converts the output signal filter of vibration sensor into 4- The 20mA standard current signal is transmitted to the signal acquisition module 16; the signal acquisition module 16 converts the output current signal of the transmitter 15 into a voltage signal, and performs filtering again, and then performs analog-to-digital conversion on the filtered voltage signal, and transmits it to the vibration detection System controller 17; when the vibration detection system controller 17 received the ground vibration signal, it immediately sent a preparation signal to the machine number detection system 2 through the standard bus module 19, and simultaneously calculated the grounding time and impact load of the aircraft landing according to the ground vibration signal and grounding position data; the vibration detection system controller 17 can also identify the model of the aircraft according to the impact load and ground vibration signal characteristics;
所述的以太网传输模块18具有有线或无线以太网接口，可通过有线或无线以太网将振动检测系统控制器17计算所得的数据通过局域网设备5上传到主控制器6；主控制器6向振动检测系统1下传的控制命令也通过以太网传输模块18接收。Described Ethernet transmission module 18 has wired or wireless Ethernet interface, can upload the data that vibration detection system controller 17 calculates to main controller 6 through local area network equipment 5 through wired or wireless Ethernet; The control commands transmitted by the vibration detection system 1 are also received through the Ethernet transmission module 18 .
如图3所示，所述的机号检测系统2包括：可见光图像传感器20、图像采集卡21、距离传感器22、机号检测系统控制器23、以太网传输模块32和标准总线模块33；其中，可见光图像传感器20与图像采集卡21连接；图像采集卡21与机号检测系统控制器23连接；同时，机号检测系统控制器23也与可见光图像传感器20连接；距离传感器22与机号检测系统控制器23连接；机号检测系统控制器23同时与以太网传输模块32和标准总线模块33连接。As shown in Figure 3, the machine number detection system 2 includes: a visible light image sensor 20, an image acquisition card 21, a distance sensor 22, a machine number detection system controller 23, an Ethernet transmission module 32 and a standard bus module 33; wherein , the visible light image sensor 20 is connected with the image acquisition card 21; the image acquisition card 21 is connected with the machine number detection system controller 23; meanwhile, the machine number detection system controller 23 is also connected with the visible light image sensor 20; the distance sensor 22 is connected with the machine number detection system The system controller 23 is connected; the machine number detection system controller 23 is connected with the Ethernet transmission module 32 and the standard bus module 33 at the same time.
所述的可见光图像传感器20可以是CCD摄像头、CMOS摄像头、云台摄像头、高速照相机等，用于采集飞机机翼下机号标识的可见光图像；对于每套机号检测系统2，其包含2个可见光图像传感器20；图像采集卡21用于将可见光图像传感器20的输出信号转换为标准图像格式，并传送给机号检测系统控制器23；The visible light image sensor 20 can be a CCD camera, a CMOS camera, a pan-tilt camera, a high-speed camera, etc., and is used to collect visible light images of the machine number logo under the wing of the aircraft; for each set of machine number detection system 2, it includes 2 visible light The image sensor 20; the image acquisition card 21 is used to convert the output signal of the visible light image sensor 20 into a standard image format, and transmit it to the machine number detection system controller 23;
所述的距离传感器22为激光传感器、红外传感器或超声传感器，用于探测飞机机翼是否经过可见光图像传感器20上方；The distance sensor 22 is a laser sensor, an infrared sensor or an ultrasonic sensor, and is used to detect whether the aircraft wing passes above the visible light image sensor 20;
所述的机号检测系统控制器23用于控制机号检测系统2的工作状态，将图像采集卡21上传的机号标识图像进行图像处理，转化为字母和数字，并将机号、机号标识图像及其获取时间通过以太网传输模块32上传到主控制器6；主控制器6向机号检测系统2下传的控制命令也通过以太网传输模块32接收；The machine number detection system controller 23 is used to control the working state of the machine number detection system 2, image processing is performed on the machine number identification image uploaded by the image acquisition card 21, converted into letters and numbers, and the machine number, machine number The logo image and its acquisition time are uploaded to the main controller 6 through the Ethernet transmission module 32; the control command transmitted from the main controller 6 to the machine number detection system 2 is also received through the Ethernet transmission module 32;
如图4所示，所述的环境检测系统3包括：降雨量传感器24、降雪量传感器25、温度传感器26、湿度传感器27、环境检测系统控制器28和以太网传输模块34；其中，降雨量传感器24、降雪量传感器25、温度传感器26和湿度传感器27均与环境检测系统控制器28连接；环境检测系统控制器28与以太网传输模块34连接；As shown in Figure 4, described environment detection system 3 comprises: rainfall sensor 24, snowfall sensor 25, temperature sensor 26, humidity sensor 27, environment detection system controller 28 and Ethernet transmission module 34; Wherein, rainfall Sensor 24, snowfall sensor 25, temperature sensor 26 and humidity sensor 27 are all connected with environment detection system controller 28; Environment detection system controller 28 is connected with Ethernet transmission module 34;
所述的环境检测系统控制器28用于控制环境检测系统3的工作状态和采样周期，并将降雨量传感器24、降雪量传感器25、温度传感器26和湿度传感器27检测数据通过以太网传输模块34上传到主控制器6；主控制器6向环境检测系统3下传的控制命令也通过以太网传输模块34接收。The environment detection system controller 28 is used to control the working state and sampling period of the environment detection system 3, and the detection data of the rainfall sensor 24, the snowfall sensor 25, the temperature sensor 26 and the humidity sensor 27 are transmitted through the Ethernet transmission module 34 Upload to the main controller 6; the control command sent from the main controller 6 to the environment detection system 3 is also received through the Ethernet transmission module 34.
如图5所示，所述的声检测系统4包括：声传感器29、信号放大和滤波模块30、声检测系统控制器31、以太网传输模块35和标准总线模块36；其中，声传感器29与信号放大和滤波模块30连接，用以检测飞机起飞过程中的发动机噪声；信号放大和滤波模块30与声检测系统控制器31连接；温度传感器37、湿度传感器38与声检测系统控制器31直接连接，用于对声速和声衰减率进行温湿度补偿；声检测系统控制器31与以太网传输模块35和标准总线模块36连接；As shown in Figure 5, described acoustic detection system 4 comprises: acoustic sensor 29, signal amplification and filtering module 30, acoustic detection system controller 31, Ethernet transmission module 35 and standard bus module 36; Wherein, acoustic sensor 29 and Signal amplification and filtering module 30 are connected, in order to detect the engine noise in the aircraft take-off process; Signal amplification and filtering module 30 are connected with sound detection system controller 31; Temperature sensor 37, humidity sensor 38 are directly connected with sound detection system controller 31 , used for temperature and humidity compensation to the sound velocity and sound attenuation rate; the sound detection system controller 31 is connected with the Ethernet transmission module 35 and the standard bus module 36;
所述的信号放大和滤波模块30将声传感器29的输出信号进行放大和带通滤波，其上的带通滤波器的通频段设置在飞机发动机噪声频段；声检测系统控制器31对放大和滤波后的信号进行处理，并根据声强变化和温湿度数据计算出飞机滑跑距离和飞机起飞时间，同时根据多普勒效应计算出飞机滑跑速度；之后将计算所得的数据通过以太网传输模块35上传到主控制器6；主控制器6向声检测系统3下传的控制命令也通过以太网传输模块35接收。Described signal amplification and filtering module 30 amplifies and band-pass filters the output signal of acoustic sensor 29, and the pass frequency band of the band-pass filter on it is set at the aircraft engine noise frequency band; Acoustic detection system controller 31 amplifies and filters The final signal is processed, and the flight distance and take-off time of the aircraft are calculated according to the sound intensity change and temperature and humidity data, and the flight speed of the aircraft is calculated according to the Doppler effect; then the calculated data is transmitted through the Ethernet module 35 uploaded to the main controller 6; the control command sent by the main controller 6 to the sound detection system 3 is also received through the Ethernet transmission module 35.
所述的局域网设备6可以是有线设备或无线设备，用于将多个振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境检测系统3和声检测系统4进行局域网组网，振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境检测系统3和声检测系统4与主控制器6的数据通讯均通过该设备实现。Described local area network device 6 can be wired device or wireless device, is used for carrying out local area network networking with a plurality of vibration detection systems 1, machine number detection system 2, environment detection system 3 and sound detection system 4, vibration detection system 1, machine The data communication between number detection system 2, environment detection system 3 and sound detection system 4 and main controller 6 is realized through this device.
所述的主控制器6的网络接口通过内网安全隔离设备9从机场生产内网11单向实时接收机场时钟数据，上行向设备管理服务器12发送飞机机号、飞机着陆冲击载荷数、准确着陆时间、飞机着陆点、飞机起飞时间、滑跑距离、滑跑速度、跑道胶质物累积厚度、跑道摩擦系数、预计除胶作业时间等数据，以及机号标识图像等，下行从设备管理服务器12接收设备管理指令。The network interface of the main controller 6 receives the airport clock data from the airport production intranet 11 in one direction in real time through the intranet security isolation device 9, and sends the aircraft number, the number of aircraft landing impact loads, and the accurate landing data to the equipment management server 12 upstream. Data such as time, aircraft landing point, aircraft take-off time, run distance, run speed, accumulated thickness of runway colloid, runway friction coefficient, estimated glue removal operation time, and machine number identification image, etc., downlink from the device management server 12 Receive device management commands.
所述的存储系统8支持硬盘、FLASH等非易失存储介质；存储系统8内置起降信息数据库、飞机信息数据库和跑道胶质物累积模型。其中起降信息数据库用于保存振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境监测系统3和声检测系统4上传的各种数据；飞机信息数据库则存储有机号与机型的匹配信息，以及各机型飞机的标准着陆品质参数，如限定冲击载荷范围等；跑道胶质物累积模型用于计算飞机着陆过程中在跑道上的累积胶质物厚度。The storage system 8 supports non-volatile storage media such as hard disks and FLASH; the storage system 8 has built-in take-off and landing information databases, aircraft information databases and runway colloid accumulation models. Among them, the take-off and landing information database is used to save various data uploaded by vibration detection system 1, machine number detection system 2, environmental monitoring system 3 and acoustic detection system 4; The standard landing quality parameters of aircraft types, such as limited impact load range, etc.; the runway colloid accumulation model is used to calculate the cumulative colloid thickness on the runway during the landing process of the aircraft.
所述的显示设备13可以是LCD显示屏，用于实时显示振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2、环境监测系统3和声检测系统4的工作状态、飞机起降数据、飞机机号、跑道胶质物累积厚度、预计除胶作业时间、环境信息和报警信息等。Described display device 13 can be LCD display screen, is used for real-time display vibration detection system 1, machine number detection system 2, environmental monitoring system 3 and sound detection system 4 working state, aircraft take-off and landing data, aircraft machine number, runway Colloid accumulation thickness, estimated glue removal operation time, environmental information and alarm information, etc.
所述的主控制器6可将机号在飞机信息数据库中进行匹配，获得机型信息，并得到该机型的着陆品质参数限定范围，若振动检测系统1计算得到的数据超过此限定范围，则在显示设备13中显示报警信息，并计入起降信息数据库；振动检测系统1计算得到的机型信息作为备用信息，当能见度过低，无法通过图像识别机号时，则使用此机型信息；The main controller 6 can match the aircraft number in the aircraft information database to obtain the aircraft type information, and obtain the limited range of the landing quality parameters of the aircraft type. If the data calculated by the vibration detection system 1 exceeds the limited range, Then display the alarm information in the display device 13 and include it in the take-off and landing information database; the model information calculated by the vibration detection system 1 is used as backup information, and when the visibility is too low to recognize the machine number by the image, then use this model information;
所述的主控制器6根据存储系统8中的跑道胶质物累积模型和飞机着陆冲击载荷数据计算跑道上胶质物累计的厚度，并可根据历史冲击载荷信息估算出预计除胶时间，使机场能够提前安排除胶作业，以上信息均存入起降信息数据库；如果胶质物累计厚度超过预设值，则在显示设备13中显示报警信息，提示机场工作人员尽快安排除胶作业，报警信息同样存入起降信息数据库；当机场完成除胶作业后，工作人员可通过设备管理服务器12重置胶质物累计厚度数据；The main controller 6 calculates the accumulated thickness of the colloid on the runway according to the runway colloid accumulation model in the storage system 8 and the aircraft landing impact load data, and can estimate the expected glue removal time according to the historical impact load information, so that The airport can arrange the glue removal operation in advance, and the above information is stored in the take-off and landing information database; if the cumulative thickness of the glue exceeds the preset value, an alarm message will be displayed on the display device 13, prompting the airport staff to arrange the glue removal operation as soon as possible and call the police. The information is also stored in the take-off and landing information database; when the airport completes the glue removal operation, the staff can reset the cumulative thickness data of the glue through the equipment management server 12;
所述的主控制器6可根据跑道类型(如水泥跑道或沥青跑道)、跑道胶质物累积厚度、降雨量和降雪量等信息计算出当前跑道接地端的摩擦系数；如果摩擦系数低于适航标准，则发出报警信息；Described main controller 6 can calculate the friction coefficient of current runway grounding end according to information such as runway type (such as cement runway or asphalt runway), runway colloid accumulation thickness, rainfall and snowfall; standard, an alarm message will be issued;
所述的主控制器6通过内网安全隔离设备9从机场生产内网11接收时钟同步信息，用于时钟系统校正；The main controller 6 receives clock synchronization information from the airport production intranet 11 through the intranet security isolation device 9 for clock system correction;
所述的主控制器6通过内网安全隔离设备9从空管场监雷达系统10接收飞机概略位置信息；The main controller 6 receives the general position information of the aircraft from the air traffic control yard monitoring radar system 10 through the internal network safety isolation device 9;
所述的存储系统8内飞机起降数据库的数据均通过以太网的形式上传至设备管理服务器12，设备管理服务器12可以向主控制器6下传各种控制命令；The data of the aircraft take-off and landing database in the storage system 8 are all uploaded to the equipment management server 12 in the form of Ethernet, and the equipment management server 12 can download various control commands to the main controller 6;
所述的设备管理服务器12内置有网络应用层程序，该程序分为三个功能层次：底层为数据库，存储管理从主控制器6接收到的设备工作状态、飞机起降数据、飞机机号、跑道胶质物累积厚度、环境信息和报警信息等；中层为客户端访问接入点，提供各种数据查询服务，机场可通过网络浏览器软件连接设备管理服务器12，打开访问页面后采用账户+密码的权限方式进入查询系统；上层为设备组态应用程序，程序采用GUI界面，将底层数据库中的各种数据通过图形的形式显示出来，同时通过点击设备图标和采用菜单、对话框等人机对话形式向各设备下达控制指令，并将指令通过网络下发到主控制器6中，完成上位机管理功能。Described equipment management server 12 is built-in with network application layer program, and this program is divided into three functional levels: the bottom layer is a database, and storage management receives equipment work status, aircraft take-off and landing data, aircraft machine number, The accumulated thickness of runway colloids, environmental information and alarm information, etc.; the middle layer is the access point for the client to provide various data query services. The airport can connect to the device management server 12 through the web browser software, and use the account + Access to the query system by way of password authority; the upper layer is the device configuration application program, which uses a GUI interface to display various data in the underlying database in the form of graphics, and at the same time click the device icon and use menus, dialog boxes, etc. The dialogue form issues control instructions to each device, and sends the instructions to the main controller 6 through the network to complete the management function of the upper computer.
如图6所示，所述的振动检测系统1和机号检测系统2可以有多套，其安装方式为：每条跑道的入口各安装一套振动检测系统1和一套机号检测系统2；对于每套振动检测系统1，其振动传感器阵列14包括多个振动传感器，对称安装于跑道入口两侧道肩的地面，传感器的数量和传感器之间的距离可视跑道具体情况确定，标准是能够覆盖跑道接地带长度；振动传感器采用嵌入式安装，不影响飞机或车辆通行；对于每套机号检测系统2，其两个可见光图像传感器20对称安装于跑道道肩以外，振动传感器阵列14面向飞机降落方向，具体位置以能够拍摄清楚机翼下机号为准；As shown in Figure 6, the vibration detection system 1 and the machine number detection system 2 can have multiple sets, and the installation method is: a set of vibration detection system 1 and a set of machine number detection system 2 are respectively installed at the entrance of each runway ; For each set of vibration detection system 1, its vibration sensor array 14 includes a plurality of vibration sensors, which are symmetrically installed on the ground of the shoulders on both sides of the runway entrance, the number of sensors and the distance between the sensors can be determined according to the specific conditions of the runway, and the standard is It can cover the length of the runway grounding strip; the vibration sensor is embedded and installed without affecting the passage of aircraft or vehicles; for each machine number detection system 2, its two visible light image sensors 20 are symmetrically installed outside the runway shoulder, and the vibration sensor array 14 faces The landing direction of the aircraft, the specific location is subject to the number of the aircraft under the wing that can be photographed clearly;
如图6所示，每条跑道配置2套声检测系统4，每套声检测系统4上的声传感器29安装于跑道入口外侧。As shown in Figure 6, each runway is equipped with two sets of acoustic detection systems 4, and the acoustic sensors 29 on each set of acoustic detection systems 4 are installed outside the entrance of the runway.
本发明提供的机场跑道飞机起降监测系统的工作过程：若跑道无飞机起降，则振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2和声检测系统4处于休眠状态，减少能耗；环境检测系统3一直处于工作状态，以一定的采样周期采集环境温湿度、降雨量和降雪量等信息，并实时上传到主控制器6；The working process of the airport runway aircraft takeoff and landing monitoring system provided by the present invention: if there is no aircraft takeoff and landing on the runway, the vibration detection system 1, machine number detection system 2 and sound detection system 4 are in a dormant state to reduce energy consumption; the environment detection system 3 It is always in working condition, collects information such as ambient temperature and humidity, rainfall and snowfall with a certain sampling period, and uploads it to the main controller 6 in real time;
在飞机降落阶段，一旦主控制器6通过空管场监雷达系统10接收到飞机进近信息，主控制器6立即向振动检测系统1发出准备信息，振动检测系统1从休眠状态进入工作状态，准备检测地面振动；当飞机着陆时，一旦振动检测系统1检测到地面振动，立即向机号检测系统2发送准备信号，并根据地面振动信号计算飞机接地时间、冲击载荷和接地位置和机型等数据，计算完毕后将以上数据上传到主控制器6；与此同时，机号检测系统2在接收到准备信号后，其上的机号检测系统控制器23将向可见光图像传感器20发送启动信号，机号检测系统2进入工作状态；此时一旦距离传感器22检测到飞机机翼经过可见光图像传感器20上方时，机号检测系统控制器23立即向可见光图像传感器20发送拍摄信号，可见光图像传感器20立即连续拍摄若干张图像；所拍摄的图像经过机号检测系统控制器23处理，筛选出三张机号标识最清晰的进行图像识别，得到机号数据，并连同三张图像和拍摄时间一同通过局域网设备6上传到主控制器6；随后，机号检测系统2再次进入待机状态；当振动检测系统1检测到地面振动衰减到低于一定阈值后，振动检测系统1进入休眠状态；主控制器6根据振动检测系统1、机号检测系统2和环境检测系统3上传的数据计算得到跑道胶质物累计厚度、跑道摩擦系数、预计除胶作业时间和报警信息等数据，并将以上所有数据存入起降信息数据库，起降信息数据库中的数据自动同步到设备管理服务器12；In the landing stage of the aircraft, once the main controller 6 receives the aircraft approach information by the air traffic control radar system 10, the main controller 6 sends the preparation information to the vibration detection system 1 immediately, and the vibration detection system 1 enters the working state from the dormant state, Prepare to detect ground vibration; when the aircraft lands, once the vibration detection system 1 detects the ground vibration, it will immediately send a preparation signal to the machine number detection system 2, and calculate the grounding time, impact load, grounding position and model of the aircraft based on the ground vibration signal Data, after the calculation is completed, upload the above data to the main controller 6; at the same time, after the machine number detection system 2 receives the preparation signal, the machine number detection system controller 23 on it will send a start signal to the visible light image sensor 20 , the machine number detection system 2 enters the working state; once the distance sensor 22 detects that the aircraft wing passes above the visible light image sensor 20, the machine number detection system controller 23 immediately sends a shooting signal to the visible light image sensor 20, and the visible light image sensor 20 Immediately and continuously shoot several images; the captured images are processed by the machine number detection system controller 23, and three pieces with the clearest machine number logo are screened out for image recognition to obtain the machine number data, and pass the three images together with the shooting time The local area network device 6 uploads to the main controller 6; subsequently, the machine number detection system 2 enters the standby state again; when the vibration detection system 1 detects that the ground vibration decays below a certain threshold, the vibration detection system 1 enters the dormant state; the main controller 6 According to the data uploaded by the vibration detection system 1, the machine number detection system 2 and the environment detection system 3, the cumulative thickness of the colloid on the runway, the friction coefficient of the runway, the estimated time of glue removal and the alarm information are calculated, and all the above data are stored Enter the take-off and landing information database, and the data in the take-off and landing information database are automatically synchronized to the equipment management server 12;
在飞机起飞阶段，如果通过空管场监雷达系统10接收到飞机进入跑道信息，声检测系统4从休眠状态进入工作状态，准备检测发动机噪声；声检测系统4在接收到发动机噪声信号后，立即通过标准总线向机号检测系统2发送准备信号，并根据噪声波形特征计算得到飞机起飞时间、滑跑速度和滑跑距离等数据，均上传到主控制器6；机号检测系统2接收到准备信号后的工作过程与飞机降落阶段相同；当声检测系统4检测到发动机噪声衰减到低于一定阈值后，声检测系统4进入休眠状态；主控制器6将机号检测系统2和声检测系统4上传的数据存入起降信息数据库，起降信息数据库中的数据自动同步到设备管理服务器12。In the take-off stage of the aircraft, if the aircraft enters the runway information by the air traffic control radar system 10, the sound detection system 4 enters the working state from the dormant state, and prepares to detect the engine noise; after the sound detection system 4 receives the engine noise signal, immediately Send the preparation signal to the machine number detection system 2 through the standard bus, and calculate the data such as aircraft take-off time, roll speed and roll run distance according to the noise waveform characteristics, and upload them to the main controller 6; machine number detection system 2 receives the preparation signal The working process after the signal is the same as the landing stage of the aircraft; when the acoustic detection system 4 detects that the engine noise has decayed below a certain threshold, the acoustic detection system 4 enters a dormant state; 4. The uploaded data is stored in the take-off and landing information database, and the data in the take-off and landing information database is automatically synchronized to the equipment management server 12.
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