CN104094885B - A kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency and low-carbon Penaeus vannamei culture system, which belongs to the field of aquaculture. A high-efficiency and low-carbon Penaeus vannamei culture system, including a culture pond, a facility water treatment pond and a microbial water treatment pond that are arranged in parallel to the left and right of the culture pond and connected to the culture pond, and a sun greenhouse covered with an arched slope above the culture pond , Two sets of water circulation filtration systems are formed between the culture pond and the facility water treatment pond and between the culture pond and the microbial water treatment pond. The whole device of the present invention is simple in structure and easy to operate, and provides a high-efficiency facility system for Penaeus vannamei culture, which can not only prolong the culture cycle, improve the culture effect, but also prevent the external influence on the culture environment, and its water circulation purification system ensures the culture Water quality is conducive to saving water resources, reducing breeding pollution, and using waste to cultivate bait can effectively reduce the amount of feed fed.

Description

A high-efficiency and low-carbon vannamei culture system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a high-efficiency and low-carbon Penaeus vannamei culture system.

Background technique

Penaeus vannamei occupies an important position in the world's shrimp farming industry. It is one of the three largest shrimp species with the highest aquaculture output in the world today. It has obvious advantages such as fast growth and strong disease resistance. Penaeus vannamei was developed in the 1980s After being introduced into my country from South America, domestic farming has developed rapidly. In 2013, the breeding output reached 700,000 tons, becoming the main economic shrimp farming species in my country. Penaeus vannamei belongs to temperate and tropical shrimps and has high requirements on water quality. Different farming modes such as main culture, mixed culture and nest culture can be adopted in the culture mode. The culture facilities mainly include high-level ponds, greenhouses, ponds, etc. Due to the simple breeding method, in recent years, with the continuous increase of the breeding production, the breeding environment has deteriorated day by day, and the breeding diseases have continued to occur, which seriously restricts the development of the vannamei farming industry. At the same time, because Penaeus vannamei has high requirements on temperature and water quality, under the general conditions in the northern region, only one batch of shrimp can be cultured per year, and the production efficiency is not high. In order to improve the breeding effect, various forms of exploration have been carried out in breeding facilities at home and abroad, and methods such as staged breeding, raceway farming, high-level pond farming, and greenhouse farming have been developed to solve some problems. However, there has been a lack of high-efficiency and low-carbon farming model systems for intensive urban suburbs and northern regions.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency and low-carbon Penaeus vannamei culture system, which is simple and easy to operate, prolongs the culture cycle, saves water and reduces emissions, improves material conversion efficiency, and increases output.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A high-efficiency and low-carbon Penaeus vannamei culture system includes a culture pond, a facility water treatment pond and a microbial water treatment pond respectively arranged in parallel to the left and right of the culture pond and communicated with the culture pond, and an arched sunlight greenhouse is covered above the culture pond;

The middle of the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a sewage collection and discharge outlet, and the said sewage collection and discharge outlet is covered with a shrimp arresting grid, and the sewage collection and discharge outlet communicates with the facility water treatment pool and the microbial water treatment pool through the inner sewage pipe;

The water treatment pool of the facility is successively connected sewage collection tank, sedimentation tank, first biochemical filter and second biochemical filter from front to back. The bottom is provided with an external sewage pipe that communicates with the outside, and the left and right sides of the sedimentation tank, the first biochemical filter and the second biochemical filter are provided with diversion ditches connected thereto; the sewage collection tank and the sedimentation tank The partition wall between the diversion ditch on the left side is provided with an overflow pipe, the bottom of the partition wall between the sedimentation tank and the diversion ditch on the left side, the first biochemical filter tank and the diversion ditch on the right side The bottom of the partition wall between the flow channels and the bottom of the partition wall between the second biochemical filter and the diversion ditch on the left side are respectively provided with a row of water inlet pipes; between the sedimentation tank and the diversion ditch on the right side Between the partition wall, the partition wall between the first biochemical filter and the diversion ditch on the left side, and the partition wall between the second biochemical filter and the diversion ditch on the right side, respectively A row of overflow pipes is provided; on the partition wall between the diversion ditch on the right side of the sedimentation tank and the diversion ditch on the right side of the first biochemical filter, and the diversion ditch on the left side of the first biochemical filter and The partition walls between the diversion ditch on the left side of the second biochemical filter are respectively provided with overflow pipes, the overflow pipes are located at the upper water level, the water inlet pipes are located at the lower water level, and the right side of the second biochemical filter The diversion ditch and the culture pond are connected through the return pipe;

The microbial water treatment tank is composed of a sewage collection sedimentation tank, a biological floc culture tank, a water collection tank and a return pipe connected side by side from front to back; The bottom is provided with an external sewage pipe that communicates with the outside, and a water outlet is provided on the partition wall between the sewage collection sedimentation tank and the biological floc cultivation tank; the biological floc cultivation tank is communicated with the sump through an overflow pipe; The water collection tank is communicated with the culture tank through a return pipe.

Wherein, the bottom of the sewage collection tank is inclined downward from the rear end to the front end of the external sewage pipe, and a solid-liquid separator is installed in the sewage collection tank.

Wherein, the first biochemical filter and the second biochemical filter are equipped with three-dimensional elastic fillers with a specific surface area of 120m ² /m ³ .

Wherein, a deflector is provided along the front and rear directions in the biological floc cultivation tank, and there is an interval between the deflector and the front and rear walls of the biological floc cultivation tank, and the rear end of the deflector is in contact with the biological floc. A water turbine is arranged between one of the walls on the left and right sides of the culture tank, and the bio-floc culture tank is enriched by inoculating with bio-floc flora and adding carbon source.

Wherein, the bottom of the facility water treatment pool is lower than the bottom of the culture pond, and the right wall of the sewage collection tank is provided with a drainage intubation connected to the inner sewage pipe, and the drainage intubation is located on the right wall of the pool. The bottom of the front, the nozzle is higher than the bottom of the sewage collection tank.

Wherein, the bottom of the microbial water treatment pond is higher than the bottom of the culture pond, and the bottom of the sewage collection and sedimentation pond is provided with a drainage intubation connected to the inner sewage pipe, and the mouth of the drainage intubation is higher than The bottom of the sewage collection tank.

Wherein, the culture pond is a high-level pool with square rounded corners, and the bottom of the high-level pool is inclined downward along the surroundings to the sewage collection and discharge outlet, with a slope of 1%. The surroundings and the bottom of the high-level pool are covered HDPE plastic cloth with a thickness of 0.5mm.

Wherein, two waterwheel aerators, two composite artificial waterweed floating beds and a surge machine are provided in the culture pond; the two waterwheel aerators and two composite artificial waterweed floating beds are respectively The center is symmetrically distributed; the surge machine is located directly above the sewage collection and discharge outlet.

Wherein, the front and rear facades of the sunshine greenhouse are respectively provided with inlets and outlets, and the two inlets and outlets respectively extend a working bridge toward the middle of the culture pond, and the working bridge is equipped with a feeding machine.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) Provide a better breeding environment for Penaeus vannamei farming, which not only keeps warm, prolongs the breeding cycle, realizes 2 to 3 batches of breeding per year, but also prevents the outside world from affecting the breeding environment;

2) The water circulation purification system ensures the water quality of aquaculture, saves water resources and reduces pollution;

3) Use waste to cultivate biofloc bait, which not only purifies water quality, but also reduces feed input;

4) The overall device has a simple structure and is easy to operate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the top view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the elevation sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the facility water treatment pool in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the microbial water treatment tank in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a high-efficiency low-carbon Penaeus vannamei culture system includes a culture pond 1, a facility water treatment pond 2 and a microbial water treatment pond that are respectively arranged in parallel to the culture pond 1 and communicated with the culture pond 1 3; thereby forming a water circulation treatment system; the culture pond 1 is covered with an arched sunlight greenhouse 4; thereby forming a high-efficiency and low-carbon vannamei culture system.

The culture pool 1 is preferably a high-level pool with square rounded corners, with an area of 2500-4000 square meters and a depth of 2.0 meters; the middle of the bottom of the culture pool 1 is provided with a sewage collection outlet 11, and the bottom of the pool is for collecting sewage along the four sides. The sewage outlet 11 is inclined downward, with a slope of 1 to 2%. A surge machine 13 with a power greater than 0.75kW is installed directly above the sewage collection and sewage outlet 11. The pool 2 communicates with the microbial water treatment pool 3; this structure is conducive to the concentrated flow of sewage and suspended solids in the culture pool 1 to the sewage collection outlet 11, and then flows into the facility water treatment pool 2 and the microbial water treatment pool 3 through the inner sewage pipe 14 , to facilitate the collection and discharge of sewage in the culture pond 1.

The said sewage collection and discharge outlet 11 is covered with a shrimp arresting grid 12, the shrimp arresting grid 12 is preferably a detachable structure, and the mesh can be replaced with the size of the shrimp, effectively preventing the shrimp from being discharged through the sewage collection and discharge outlet 11 along with the sewage for cultivation. Pool 1 situation.

The surroundings and the bottom of the culture pond 1 are all covered with HDPE plastic sheets with a thickness of 0.5mm, which plays the role of water and soil isolation.

Facility water treatment pool 2 is sequentially connected sewage collection tank 21, sedimentation tank 22, first biochemical filter 23 and second biochemical filter 24 from front to back. The bottom of the pond 21 is provided with an external sewage pipe 5 communicating with the outside, and the left and right sides of the sedimentation tank 22, the first biochemical filter 23 and the second biochemical filter 24 are all provided with a diversion ditch 27 connected thereto. An overflow pipe 25 is provided on the partition wall between the sewage tank 21 and the diversion ditch 27 on the left side of the sedimentation tank 22; A row of water inlet pipes 26 is respectively provided at the partition wall bottom between the pond 23 and the diversion ditch 27 on its right side and the partition wall bottom between the second biochemical filter 24 and the diversion ditch 27 on its left side; and the partition wall between the diversion ditch 27 on its right side, the partition wall between the first biochemical filter 23 and the diversion ditch 27 on its left side, and the second biochemical filter 24 and the diversion wall on its right side A row of overflow pipes 25 are respectively arranged on the partition wall between the flow ditch 27; the partition wall between the diversion ditch 27 on the right side of the sedimentation tank 22 and the diversion ditch 27 on the right side of the first biochemical filter tank 23 and the second An overflow pipe 25 is arranged on the partition wall between the diversion ditch 27 on the left side of the first biochemical filter 23 and the diversion ditch 27 on the left side of the second biochemical filter 24; the overflow pipe 25 is positioned at the upper water level, and the water inlet pipe 26 is positioned at the lower water level; the diversion ditch 27 on the right side of the second biochemical filter 24 communicates with the culture pond 1 through the return pipe 6; the sewage in the culture pond 1 first flows into the sewage collection tank 21 to remove suspended matter in the sewage, separates The precipitated deposits are discharged through the external sewage pipe 5; the water after preliminary treatment passes through the transition of each diversion ditch 27, and then enters the sedimentation tank 22, the first biochemical filter 23 and the second biochemical filter 24 for filtration, and the water flow direction is S-shaped, the final gained clear water flows into the diversion ditch 27 on the right side of the second biochemical filter 24, and then flows back to the culture pond 1 through the return pipe 6; wherein the two ends of the return pipe 6 are respectively close to the second biochemical filter 24 The rear pond wall of the diversion ditch 27 on the right side and the rear pond wall of the culture pond 1, and preferably at the middle water level.

The microbial water treatment tank 3 is a sewage collection sedimentation tank 31, a biological floc culture tank 32 and a water collection tank 33 connected side by side successively from front to back; The bottom of the pool is provided with an external sewage pipe 5 communicating with the outside; the biofloc cultivation pool 32 is provided with a deflector 321 along the front and rear directions, and there is an interval between the deflector 321 and the front and rear pool walls of the biofloc cultivation pond 32 , a hydraulic turbine 322 is provided between the rear end of the deflector 321 and one of the left and right sides of the biofloc cultivation pool 32, and the biofloc cultivation pond 32 is inoculated with biofloc flora and added Carbon source cultivation and enrichment of biological flocs; a water outlet 34 is provided on the partition wall between the sewage collection sedimentation tank 31 and the biological floc cultivation tank 32; the biological floc cultivation tank 32 and the sump 33 are communicated through an overflow pipe 35 The sump 33 and the culture pond 1 are communicated by the return pipe 6; the sewage in the culture pond 1 first flows into the sewage collection sedimentation pond 31 to remove suspended matter in the sewage, and then flows into the biofloc cultivation pond 32 through the water port 34, wherein The water turbine 322 makes the water in the bio-floc cultivation tank 32 circulate along the deflector 321, and the water treated by the bio-floc cultivation tank 32 has bait that can be eaten by shrimp, and the water with the bait passes through the overflow pipe 35 flows into the sump 33, and finally flows back into the culture pond 1 through the return pipe 6, wherein the biofloc bait also flows into the culture pond 1 together with the water.

The bottom of the pool of the sewage collection tank 21 is inclined downward from the rear end to the front end of the outer sewage pipe 5, and a solid-liquid separator 211 is housed in the sewage collection tank 21; Quickly remove large particles in sewage.

The bottom of the pond 2 of the facility water treatment pool 2 is lower than the bottom of the culture pond 1, and the right pool wall of the sewage collection pool 21 is provided with a drainage intubation 7 connected to the inner sewage pipe 14, and the drainage intubation 7 is located at the right pool wall The bottom of the front, the mouth of the nozzle is higher than the bottom of the sewage collection tank 21;

The bottom of the pool of the microbial water treatment pond 3 is higher than the bottom of the culture pond 1, and the bottom of the sewage collection and sedimentation tank 31 is provided with a drainage intubation 7 linking to each other with the inner sewage pipe 14, and the mouth of the drainage intubation 7 is higher than the bottom of the pond 1. The bottom of the sewage settling tank 31.

Also be provided with two waterwheel aerators 17, two composite artificial waterweed floating beds 16 and a surge machine 13 in the described culture pond 1; Two waterwheel aerators 17 and two composite artificial aquaticweed floating beds 16 are respectively Distributed symmetrically along the center of the culture pond 1; Waterwheel aerator 17 is preferably a power 3kW multi-impeller type, and two waterwheel aerators 17 operate simultaneously and can make the water flow in the culture pond 1 exceed 6cm/s, which is conducive to oxygenation and An annular water flow is formed; the composite artificial water grass floating bed 16 is used to purify and regulate water quality, and serves as a habitat for shrimp.

The front and rear facades of the sunshine greenhouse 4 are respectively provided with inlets and outlets, and the two inlets and outlets respectively extend a working bridge 15 towards the middle of the breeding pond 1. The working bridge 15 is equipped with a feeding machine, and the automatic feeding is effective. Reduce manual labor.

The east and west sides of the sunshine greenhouse 4 are slope structures, the height from the ground is 0.5m, and the middle height is 3m; the plastic sheets on both sides can be rolled out by roller shutters; The cloth is a detachable structure to ensure ventilation, temperature control and operation needs.

In the present invention, the culture pond 1 and the facility water treatment pond 2 form a water circulation filtration system, the purification effect is good, the conversion and utilization rate of waste is high, water resources are greatly saved, and pollution discharge is reduced; the culture pond 1 and the microbial water treatment pond 3 Another water circulation filtration system is formed, and at the same time, biological flocs are used to form bait that can be eaten by shrimp, which can purify water quality, improve material utilization efficiency, and maintain a stable water environment.

Claims (9)

1. a high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system, it is characterized in that: comprise culturing pool (1), be parallel to culturing pool (1) left and right respectively and the facility water treating pond (2) communicated with culturing pool (1) and microorganism water treating pond (3), culturing pool (1) top covers the sunlight temperature canopy (4) of arch;

The bottom center of described culturing pool (1) is provided with Ji Wupaiwukou (11), described Ji Wupaiwukou (11) is covered with and blocks shrimp graticule mesh (12), Ji Wupaiwukou (11) is communicated with facility water treating pond (2) and microorganism water treating pond (3) respectively by interior blow-off pipe (14);

Described facility water treating pond (2) is followed successively by the dirty pond (21) of connected collection, sedimentation basin (22), the first biochemical filter tank (23) and the second biochemical filter tank (24) from front to back; The front end in the dirty pond of described collection (21) communicates with interior blow-off pipe (14), collects the outer blow-off pipe (5) being provided with at the bottom of the pond of dirty pond (21) and communicating with outside; The left and right sides in described sedimentation basin (22), the first biochemical filter tank (23) and the second biochemical filter tank (24) is equipped with the curb (27) be attached thereto; Partition wall between the curb (27) in the dirty pond of described collection (21) and sedimentation basin (22) left side is provided with overflow pipe (25); Row's water inlet pipe (26) is respectively equipped with bottom partition wall bottom partition wall bottom partition wall between described sedimentation basin (22) and the curb on the left of it (27), between described first biochemical filter tank (23) and the curb on the right side of it (27) and between described second biochemical filter tank (24) and the curb on the left of it (27); Partition wall on partition wall on partition wall between described sedimentation basin (22) and the curb on the right side of it (27), between described first biochemical filter tank (23) and the curb on the left of it (27) and between described second biochemical filter tank (24) and the curb on the right side of it (27) is respectively equipped with row's overflow pipe (25); Partition wall on partition wall between the curb (27) on described sedimentation basin (22) right side and the curb (27) on right side, the first biochemical filter tank (23) and between the curb (27) in described first left side, biochemical filter tank (23) and the curb (27) in left side, the second biochemical filter tank (24) is respectively equipped with overflow pipe (25); Described overflow pipe (25) is positioned at water level; Described water inlet pipe (26) is positioned at lower water level; Communicated by return pipe (6) between the curb (27) on described second right side, biochemical filter tank (24) and culturing pool (1);

Described microorganism water treating pond (3) is collection dirt sedimentation basin (31), biological flocculation culture pond (32) and collecting basin (33) composition be connected side by side successively from front to back; The dirty sedimentation basin of described collection (31) communicates with interior blow-off pipe (14), collect the outer blow-off pipe (5) being provided with at the bottom of the pond of dirty sedimentation basin (31) and communicating with outside, the partition wall between the dirty sedimentation basin of described collection (31) and biological flocculation culture pond (32) was provided with the mouth of a river (34); Described biological flocculation culture pond (32) is communicated by overflow pipe (35) with between collecting basin (33); Communicated by return pipe (6) between described collecting basin (33) and culturing pool (1).

2. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: outer blow-off pipe (5) direction from its rear end to its front end at the bottom of the pond in the dirty pond of described collection (21) is downward-sloping, collect dirty pond (21) built with solid-liquid separating machine (211).

3. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first biochemical filter tank (23) and the second biochemical filter tank (24) are 120m built with specific surface area ²/ m ³3 D elastic filler.

4. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described biological flocculation culture pond (32), be provided with deflector (321) along the longitudinal direction, interval is left between the front and back pool wall of described deflector (321) and biological flocculation culture pond (32), the hydraulic turbine (322) is provided with between a pool wall in the rearward end of deflector (321) and the left and right sides pool wall of biological flocculation culture pond (32), described biological flocculation culture pond (32) is had biological flocculation flora by inoculation and added carbon source cultivates enriched biological floc sedimentation.

5. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at the bottom of the pond lower than culturing pool (1) at the bottom of the pond of described facility water treating pond (2), the right pool wall in the dirty pond of described collection (21) is provided with the draining intubate (7) be connected with interior blow-off pipe (14), described draining intubate (7) is positioned at the front lower place of right pool wall, at the bottom of the pond of the mouth of pipe higher than the dirty pond of collection (21).

6. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at the bottom of the pond higher than culturing pool (1) at the bottom of the pond of described microorganism water treating pond (3), the draining intubate (7) be connected with interior blow-off pipe (14) is provided with, at the bottom of the mouth of pipe of described draining intubate (7) pond higher than the dirty sedimentation basin of collection (31) at the bottom of the pond of the dirty sedimentation basin of described collection (31).

7. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the feed coefficient that described culturing pool (1) is square fillet, be downward-sloping along four circumferential Ji Wupaiwukou (11) at the bottom of the pond of described feed coefficient, gradient is 1%, and equal cladding thickness at the bottom of the surrounding of described feed coefficient and pond is the HDPE plastic cloth of 0.5mm.

8. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described culturing pool (1), be provided with two water-mill oxygen increasing machines (17), two pieces of combined artificial pasture and water floating beds (16) and a surge machine (13); Described two water-mill oxygen increasing machines (17) and two pieces of combined artificial pasture and water floating beds (16) distribute along the Central Symmetry of culturing pool (1) respectively; Described surge machine (13) is positioned at directly over Ji Wupaiwukou (11).

9. a kind of high-efficiency low-carbon culture of Penaeus vannamei system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: former and later two facades of described sunlight temperature canopy (4) are respectively equipped with import and export, import and export toward culturing pool (1) third side to extending a service bridge (15) respectively for described two, (15) are equipped with feeder to described service bridge.