CN104127186A - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder objective evaluation system - Google Patents
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- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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Abstract
The invention provides an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder objective evaluation system and belongs to the field of medical diagnosis and identification. The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder objective evaluation system can solve the problems that by means of an existing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder objective evaluation method, sampling representativeness is poor, measured deviation happens easily, and severity of patient's conditions cannot be judged. According to the specific scheme, the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder objective evaluation system is formed by an infrared body movement sensing camera, a central executive function test and a data statistics and computing program. The system acquires body three-dimensional lattice images of subjects in the process of the central executive function test and compares the images frame by frame, and a movement intensity signal is generated between every two frames of images. Frequency-domain data of all the signals are acquired through Fourier transform, negative and positive results of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be distinguished by solving the sum of energy of wave bands ranging from 2Hz to 8Hz, and severity of patient's conditions of the subjects having positive results by solving the sum of energy of wave bands ranging from 10Hz to 13Hz.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical diagnosis, qualification field, be specifically related to analysis and calculating to the bitmap sequence with depth information, build digital signal by view data, the extraction of digital signal feature, statistics and analytical method.
Background technology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a kind of worldwide prevalence rate up to 5.29% neurodevelopment obstacle (Guilherme Polanczyk et al., 2007)." mental disorder diagnostic & statistical manual (the 5th edition) " (DSM-5) in, the syndrome of ADHD is mainly classified as two classes: one, attention deficit class, its two, many moving impulsion classes (APA, 2013).The symptom of ADHD can be measured by various ways.Except the most traditional scale measuring method, by using body kinematics recorder to collect testee's body kinematics situation under go/no-go test situation, be a kind of metering system (Lis et al., 2010 that researcheres the most often use; Tabori-Kraft, Sorensen, Kaergaard, Dalsgaard, & Thomsen, 2007; Teicher, Polcari, & McGreenery, 2008; Wehmeier, Dittmann, Banaschewski, & Schacht, 2012).Researcher combines go/no-go task with body kinematics monitoring, be intended to attempt measuring the symptom of ADHD attention deficit and two aspects of many moving impulsions comprehensively.This method is a kind of method of measuring ADHD by objective indicator with respect to the method for traditional scale, i.e. objective measurement approach.In addition also there is researcher to adopt separately body kinematics recorder to take long monitoring to testee, as drawing measurement data and produce, the methods such as nonlinear analysis differentiate result (Martin-Martinez et al., 2012) in conjunction with comparatively complicated.Objective evaluating method with respect to the advantage of subjective measurement be can be to a greater extent measures of quantization result, avoid the deviation of subjective evaluation and test.The people such as P.Heiser are in the research of 2004, use objective measurement approach to measure " he can profit " (Methylphenidate) medication effect to many moving disorder with childrens, and draw the conclusion (Heiser et al., 2004) with statistical significance.The people such as people and Teicher such as Tabori-kraft respectively 2007 with therapeutic effect (Tabori-Kraft et al., 2007 of analeptic therapy to ADHD child that used identical commercial measurement in 2008; Teicher et al., 2008).The result of objective auxiliary evaluating method is all substantially coincide and is considered to have certain annidation with traditional doctor's evaluation result in these two researchs.
But generally speaking, body kinematics recorder and recording system that existing objective measurement method uses provide the parameter of output as (Tabori-Kraft et al., 2007) such as static duration, times of exercise, moving displacement, motion covering space, motion path complexity, movement time yardsticks conventionally.These parameters come from testee's one or more motion sensors that joint is worn with it, and sensor record testee wears the accurate moving situation at place.These exercise datas are the descriptive sampling of data based on some joint of health to testee's body kinematics overall condition, and researcheres are attempted by this type of sampling qualitative to testee's body kinematics.Body kinematics measurement mode is accurately the energy spending (Rowland, 1998) of health mass motion.Existing objective evaluating method uses the descriptive data based on articulare still can not accomplish accurately comprehensively to measure.In addition use existing objective evaluating method to make description to ADHD coincident with severity degree of condition.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention:
The present invention uses infrared moving video camera to catch the comprehensive body kinematics situation of testee, use the energy feature of the body kinematics of the viewpoint analysis testee based on energy point of view, found out index ADHD to resolving ability, the present invention can accomplish to use the body kinematics feature description ADHD coincident with severity degree of condition based on energy viewpoint on this basis.
Concrete technical scheme:
The present invention is made up of three parts, is respectively an infrared body kinematics perception video camera, a Central Executive Function test, and a set of data statistics and calculation procedure formation.
Motion perception video camera is a kind of technology of recently being introduced consumer level field, and it only has the several years till now from rising.This equipment uses RF transmitter and receiving system as output and the input of data acquisition end, utilizes infrared ray characteristic to produce the bitmap sequence with depth information.Developer, by the bitmap sequence with depth of view information is sequentially analyzed, obtains real-time three dimensions body motion data.The mode that this kind equipment obtains spatial information is: use the dead ahead projection huge infrared ray ray " cloud " (be the divergence form beam of enormous amount) of RF transmitter to equipment, in certain angle, form forwardly an intensive infrared ray dot matrix, this dot matrix covers the surface in areas imaging comprehensively, and the infrared receiver being positioned at equally on this equipment is collected the infrared ray feedback information that emitter is launched simultaneously.
For the demand of calculating aspect, need equipment to there is at least data acquiring frequency of 30Hz (being to produce the bitmap images of 30 frames with depth information each second), image acquisition trueness error is at x, and y, is less than or equal to 0.8cm in tri-dimensions of z.
What collect due to this video camera is three-dimensional space data, and the data that it is exported can be present in European how much three dimensions.This space has a coordinate system, i.e. x-y-z coordinate system (Fig. 1).Testee's body kinematics all will be recorded while occurring in z direction of principal axis or x-y plane.Data in x-y plane can be expressed with a 0-1 matrix (whether be illustrated in this position has testee's body part to exist), and this has just formed the image of testee's similar outline.Because z axis values (being depth value) comes from the sensor feedback of infrared ray dot matrix, and not equally with x-y plane calculate by simple projection, the data of comparing x-y plane can have stronger sensitivity.For ensureing to measure the uniformity on different dimensions, make the sensitivity of these two kinds of data basically identical, should limit the axial data of z, this restriction should make z axis data have identical precision with x-y panel data, be less than x-y plane can identification minimum range time in z axis data, ignore the motion of this direction.The limits value computing formula of z axle is as Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 (spatial coordinate system)
Fig. 2 (Z value limit algorithm formula)
Wherein Zmin represents z axle limits value, and d is the distance of testee apart from video camera, and θ is y or x direction camera coverage
Central Executive Function test is one and relates to testee's Central Executive Function, computer based test.This test can have multiple choices, comprising persistence performance test (continuous performance task, CPT), or symbol search class test (symbol search), or digital cross out test etc.
Concrete method for computing data is described below, after video camera has obtained image sequence, to each frame, image implement by pixel before frame matrix coupling, matching dimensionality is x, y, tri-of z, have an arbitrary dimension difference to be labeled as motion pixel.Compare n-1 as n frame, establishing motion number of pixels is i, and using i as molecule, the total number-of-pixels m occupying divided by n frame human body, obtains the percent value of a motion pixel.After all frames are carried out to this computing, can obtain the little Number Sequence of a numerical value between 0-1, do fast Fourier transform (FFT conversion) using this sequence as Time series signal, and carry out and get frequency distribution computing, can obtain final frequency domain distribution data (by R statistical language coded representation, wherein power is Energy distribution array, and freq is corresponding frequency scale):
#power
fft = fft(x);
n = length(fft);
power = abs(fft[1 : ceiling(n / 2)]) ^2);
#frequency:
halfSampleFreq = 30 / 2;
n = length(x);
freq = (1 : ceiling(n / 2)) / ceiling(n / 2) * halfSampleFreq;
Concrete evaluation and test scene setting and evaluation and test flow process are: the position of the placement of motion perception video camera is with testee---the line of screen is on a ray of 45° angle.Video camera is placed on to this position instead of puts together with computer is because while judging testee's physical motion state according to respective pixel mode, video camera is better than the motion in x-y plane to the sensitivity of z axle motion.If video camera and computer are placed on to same position, when tested being required carried out when test in the face of computer, its x-y plane motion (as laterally sawed the air) speed is lower than the trappable whole limb motion of video camera of the maximum sample frequency of video camera, the exercise data that sequential operation probably draws only limits to the marginal portion of limbs, and ignore the overlapping part of limbs outline between two frames, this will cause underestimating movement degree.But when using 45° angle to observe when tested, only tested---the athletic meeting of video camera line direction is underestimated, and the probability of happening of this motion is much smaller than the probability of happening of x-y plane motion.In measuring executing process, be to ensure image sampling quality, be testedly only allowed to activity within radius is about the round scope of 25cm.
Testee is required to participate on one's feet Central Executive Function test, test duration is about 15 minutes, the hand-held wireless input device of testee, input is carried out in requirement according to Central Executive Function test, simultaneously, camera acquisition testee's body motion data, and record raw image data and calculate and obtain frequency domain distribution data after test finishes by computer colleague.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Inventor uses the mode of scientific experiments to obtain the differentiation power index of this equipment to ADHD and non-ADHD: experimental group (n=30) and matched group (n=30), mean age 8.95y (sd=1.88) have been recruited in research.Wherein every group has 28 of male childrens, 2 of Female Children.Experimental group is be diagnosed as the ADHD positive tested, and matched group is normal children.All diagnosis are made jointly by 2 exper ienced psychiatrists.Experiment is carried out under the condition of double blinding.Experimental group and matched group all tested all accepted the present invention's test and appraisal.For the continuous combination of its 15 wave bands (0-15Hz) of limit, researcher, taking 1Hz as channel size, is divided into 15 groups by data, and asks for every group of energy summation.On this basis, the continuous wave band in 15 groups of data has been implemented to limit combination, this limit combined number is 120 kinds.Concrete combination principle is:
Groups begin from 0Hz:
0-1Hz, 0-2Hz, 0-3Hz, 0-4Hz … 0-15Hz;
Groups begin from 1Hz:
1-2Hz, 1-3Hz, 1-4Hz … 1-15Hz;
Groups begin from 2Hz:
2-3Hz, 2-4Hz … 2-15Hz;
……
Groups begin from 13Hz:
13-14Hz, 13-15Hz;
Groups begin from 14Hz:
14-15Hz;
Researcher, according to grouping, is implemented independent sample t inspection to two groups of each 30 120 groups of tested energy sum data.Finally, researcher uses 2 groups of 120 kinds of energy sum data combinations to ask for 120 groups of recipient's operating characteristic curves (receiver operating characteristic, ROC), and use area under line (area under the curve, AUC) represent result of calculation.The t assay of all 120 kinds of combinations of channels shows that p value is all less than 0.05, and wherein, the data of p<0.01 have 103.During the ROC of all 120 mid band combinations calculates, AUC maximum is 0.94, and this value appears in 2Hz-10Hz group combinations of channels; AUC minima is 0.87, appears in 14Hz-15Hz group combinations of channels.Meanwhile, while using go/no-go task as computer task, all indexs (repeatedly reaction wrong with, fail to report, make a variation when wrong report, correct response counting, response delay, reaction) t inspection all has statistical significance.
All remarkable and most of p<0.01 of t inspection, appear at 2Hz group in conjunction with AUC data peaks, its value is backward until the part AUC of 8Hz group still remains on more than 0.9 characteristic substantially, can think, 2Hz group to 8Hz group all has excellent seizure and discriminating power to aobvious characteristic outside the motion of ADHD children's torso.
In addition, inventor has organized the scientific experiments of obtaining coincident with severity degree of condition index: research recruited altogether 14 tested, mean age 7.2y(sd=0.97), wherein 9 are diagnosed as the ADHD mixed type positive, 1 is diagnosed as the doubtful positive of ADHD mixed type (meeting " mental disorder diagnostic & statistical manual the 4th edition " (DSM-IV) 5 indexs in diagnostic criteria), 1 is diagnosed as the ADHD attention deficit type positive, 1 is diagnosed as the doubtful attention deficit type of the ADHD positive, and 2 are diagnosed as the how moving impulsive type positive of doubtful ADHD.Through K-SADS examination, nobody has other mental diseases in tested.In 14 tested middle nobodies 1 year in the past or taking stress-reduction agent, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, antidepressant, intelligence analeptic, blocker, mood stabilizer or benzodiazepine medicine.14 tested after being diagnosed as the ADHD positive or the doubtful positive, is that subjects fills in CGI-S scale by the doctor who makes diagnosis.On this basis, another group doctor uses ADHD-RS assessment to measure to subjects.The diagnostic result of this group doctor to testee, CGI-S and K-SADS result are ignorant.After above evaluation and test finishes, under double blinding condition, by the main examination that has Psychology Background, subjects is implemented to the test in conjunction with body motion data record under go/no-go situation.Test flow process is identical with the research of resolving ability index.Result of study shows: in the correlation coefficient of all 120 groups of energy summations and CGI-S, there is significantly (p<0.05) of 111 groups of the statistical testing results, have 30 that wherein p value is less than 0.01, correlation coefficient r peak appears at 10-11Hz group, reach 0.689(p=0.0063), its place channel group is 10Hz-11Hz.The attention deficit of ADHD-RS and two dimension aspects of many moving impulsions, attention deficit dimension has 48 class value p < 0.05, and many moving impulsion dimensions have 64 class value p<0.05; Total score aspect, has 13 groups with energy summation correlation coefficient p < 0.01, and p<0.05 has 59 groups.The highest r value of attention deficit dimension of ADHD-RS is 0.650(p=0.012), place channel group is 12Hz-13Hz; Much the highest r value of moving impulsion dimension is 0.654(p=0.011 to ADHD-RS), place channel group appears at 12Hz-13Hz equally.ADHD-RS total score aspect, the highest r value is 0.692(p=0.006), be positioned at 12Hz-13Hz group.
ADHD child and the combination of the doubtful ADHD child special frequency channel that body kinematics releases energy under CPT situation are higher with subjective evaluating method result (CGI-S mark, AHDH-RS mark) degree of association.In similar frequency bands, body kinematics intensity data and the ADHD-RS the dependency how dependency of moving impulsion dimension mark generally divides higher than these data and ADHD-RS attention deficit dimension, this is consistent to the statement of symptom characteristic with DSM-V; But the two all demonstrates the dependency higher with body motion data simultaneously, this correlation coefficient that makes body motion data and ADHD-RS total score higher than with the correlation coefficient of arbitrary fractional dimension.Above feature has reflected the construction validity that body motion data has.Although the data of traditional subjective evaluating method are alphabetic datas, and the objective evaluating method generation of organizing with motion perception video camera and CPT is geometric ratio data; Meanwhile, test sample number less (n=14), but statistical test still demonstrates extremely strong significance and higher dependency, is better than largely other existing objective evaluating methods.To sum up, can think that the objective evaluating method based on motion perception video camera and Central Executive Function test has good validity aspect body motion data.The invertedU curve trend demonstrating from energy channel and evaluation score related data can find out that characterizing the most responsive energy channel for ADHD behavior is present between 6Hz-11Hz.Because energy channel and evaluation score related data curve present single peak value and generally present downward trend at its afterbody, especially the energy channel of CGI-S is comparatively obvious with evaluation score related data scatterplot, and the more complete covering ADHD behavior of energy of hint 0Hz-15Hz band limits characterizes.What be worth equally emphasizing is a bit, what energy channel and evaluation score related data represented is the dependency of the subjective evaluating method of ADHD and objective evaluating method, the data r value of significant correlation all exceeds 0.65, the usable range of this explanation body kinematics energy signal is not limited in the whether positive of ADHD of the simple testee of judgement, but on can certain degree, reflects the coincident with severity degree of condition of ADHD.
The present invention provides a kind of viewpoint based on energy signal of novelty for objective evaluating method.And previous ADHD objective evaluating method is used to be primarily focused on the motion complexity of testee's health part, static ratio, the indexs such as space are streaked in motion, up to the present not yet have research to be primarily focused on the frequency domain scope aspect of the release of whole body energy and energy signal.ADHD and how moving impulsion itself are really about motion, but after all, the behind that its behavior characterizes is the release of energy.The present invention is put to reality by objective evaluating method by this viewpoint.
Based on Central Executive Function test and the objective evaluating method of action perception video camera and the high correlation of the subjective evaluation and test of tradition, make it can become a kind of useful diagnostic tool for ADHD and the stronger differentiation power of non-ADHD child and the easy implementation of this objective evaluating method.This evaluating method has been avoided well testee's self-awareness and has been worn the uncomfortable willing evaluation and test deviation that can bring.Because this equipment manufacturing cost is low, evaluating method is consuming time short, makes it can effectively reduce Financial cost and the time cost of whole ADHD evaluation and test and treatment.Many characteristics make the method contribute to change flow process in accelerating clinical assessment and medicine above, and this treatment for ADHD is significant.
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Claims (5)
1. the objective evaluating system of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, by an infrared ray body kinematics perception video camera, a Central Executive Function test and supporting software for calculation composition, is characterized in that, system can obtain the result of spectrum analysis of testee's whole body integrated motion.
2. according to the evaluating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, its result of spectrum analysis can be differentiated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and non-ADHD children, be that the two 2Hz-8Hz channel energy has statistical significance through independent sample t inspection, calculate AUC result higher than 0.85 through AUC-ROC.
3. according to the evaluating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, its result of spectrum analysis has predictive power to ADHD children coincident with severity degree of condition, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder testee 10Hz-13Hz channel energy and traditional assessment method correlation coefficient are higher than 0.68 and have a statistical significance.
4. according to the evaluating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in evaluation and test by evaluation and test person without wearing any sensing equipment, can obtain result of spectrum analysis.
5. according to the evaluating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in evaluation and test, without human intervention and guiding, can be completed voluntarily evaluation and test by evaluation and test person.
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| CN112185558A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-05 | 珠海中科先进技术研究院有限公司 | Mental health and rehabilitation evaluation method, device and medium based on deep learning |
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