CN104184294A - Enhanced type pole-changing speed-changing permanent-magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is an enhanced pole-changing and speed-changing permanent magnet synchronous motor, which relates to a technical proposal applied to the permanent magnet synchronous motor. When the motor runs synchronously at low speed, several rotor main poles and several rotor auxiliary poles jointly establish a low speed rotor magnetic field. When the motor runs synchronously at high speed, several main magnetic poles of the rotor jointly establish a high-speed rotor magnetic field. Through the change of the closed path of the auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor, the enhanced rotor can automatically adapt to the number of magnetic poles of the motor, and realize the pole-changing and speed-changing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. At the same time, when the motor starts asynchronously, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will not increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, and the generating braking torque generated by the permanent magnet is small, which improves the asynchronous starting performance of the enhanced rotor. When the motor is running synchronously, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, and improve the synchronous operation performance and power density of the enhanced rotor.

Description

Enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor

technical field

The invention is an enhanced pole-changing and speed-changing permanent magnet synchronous motor, which relates to a technical solution applied to permanent magnet synchronous motors, in particular to a permanent magnet synchronous motor capable of asynchronous starting and pole-changing and speed-changing.

Background technique

AC asynchronous motors have low efficiency, while permanent magnet synchronous motors have high efficiency, high power factor, and remarkable energy-saving effect. Therefore, permanent magnet synchronous motors are gradually replacing AC asynchronous motors as mainstream motors. Ordinary permanent magnet synchronous motors cannot start automatically and need to be equipped with a frequency converter, but the cost of the frequency converter is relatively high. The asynchronous start permanent magnet synchronous motor does not need to be equipped with a frequency converter, which can reduce equipment costs on the premise of saving energy. The national standard "GB/T25303 Technical Conditions for High Efficiency Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Textiles" and "GB/T22711 Technical Conditions for High Efficiency Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors" respectively stipulate a self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor suitable for textile and petroleum industries . The permanent magnet synchronous motors in the two standards all use built-in rotors. The built-in rotors have complex structures and are not suitable for small-sized motors. Therefore, there are no small-power motor specifications less than 1.1kw in the two standards.

Large and medium-sized AC asynchronous motors represented by two-speed motors used in beam pumping units in oil fields generally adopt pole-changing and variable-speed energy-saving technology. Both the surface rotor and the built-in rotor of the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor cannot automatically adapt to the number of magnetic poles of the motor. Therefore, the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor technology cannot adopt the method of changing poles and speed.

The greater the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the rotor permanent magnet magnetization direction to the motor air gap cross-sectional area, the greater the magnetic flux density of the rotor permanent magnet magnetic field in the motor air gap, and the greater the power density of the motor.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional small permanent magnet synchronous motors that cannot be self-started and pole-changing and speed-changing, and provide a technical solution suitable for small permanent magnet synchronous motors that can start asynchronously, change poles and speed, and have a large motor power density . Embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

The general feature of the present invention is that the rotor of the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts the enhanced rotor, and the stator winding of the motor adopts non-polar-changing stator windings or pole-changing stator windings.

The rotor core part of the reinforced rotor is mainly composed of two types of rotor cores: several permanent magnet cores and several reinforced squirrel cage cores. There are two types of permanent magnet cores: pole-changing permanent magnet core and non-pole-changing permanent magnet core. Enhanced rotors are divided into pole-changing enhanced rotors and non-polar-changing enhanced rotors. The rotor core part of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is a pole-changing rotor core part including a pole-changing permanent magnet core and a reinforced squirrel-cage iron core. The rotor core part of the non-pole-changing enhanced rotor is a non-pole-changing rotor core part including a non-pole-changing permanent magnet core and a reinforced squirrel-cage core. The pole-changing enhanced rotor is assembled with the motor stator containing the pole-changing stator winding to form an asynchronous start-up pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. The non-changing pole-changing enhanced rotor is assembled with the motor stator containing the non-changing stator windings to form an asynchronous start permanent magnet synchronous motor.

The radially outer surface of the pole-changing permanent magnet core has several rotor grooves and several rotor salient poles. Two permanent magnets with mutually opposite magnetic poles are pasted in each rotor groove, and adjacent permanent magnets between adjacent rotor grooves are mutually opposite magnetic poles. Each permanent magnet forms a main rotor pole. The rotor main flux forms a closed loop between two rotor main poles in the same rotor groove. Each permanent magnet magnetizes one side of the adjacent salient pole of the rotor to form an auxiliary magnetic pole of the rotor which is opposite to the permanent magnet. The rotor auxiliary flux forms a closed loop between the permanent magnets and the salient poles of the rotor.

When the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor operates synchronously at low speed, several rotor main magnetic poles and several rotor auxiliary magnetic poles jointly establish a low-speed rotor magnetic field. When the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is running synchronously at high speed, the stator additional magnetic field generated by the stator pole opposite the rotor auxiliary pole and the rotor auxiliary pole are the same magnetic poles, and the magnetic force of the same polarity of the stator additional magnetic field repels each other In this case, the auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor does not form a closed loop between the permanent magnet and the salient pole of the rotor, and the auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor is merged into the main magnetic flux of the rotor. A high-speed rotor magnetic field is jointly established by several rotor main poles. The change of the closed path of the auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor enables the pole-changing enhanced rotor to automatically adapt to the number of magnetic poles of the motor, and realizes the pole-changing and speed-changing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.

There are several deep and narrow reinforced magnetic steel grooves on the radially outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core, and a reinforced magnetic steel is pasted in each reinforced magnetic steel groove to form a tangentially enhanced magnetic field, and the bottom of the reinforced magnetic steel groove is a magnetic bridge. When there is no external magnetic field, the magnetic flux path of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field is closed along the magnetic bridge. During most of the asynchronous starting period of the motor, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge is not opposite to the magnetic field direction of the enhanced magnetic steel acting on the magnetic bridge, and the magnetic flux path of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field is still closed along the magnetic bridge, cutting Increasing the magnetic field will not increase the flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor. When the motor is running synchronously, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the enhanced magnetic steel acting on the magnetic bridge. The stator magnetic field forces the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path to pass through the motor air gap, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field The pass path is closed in the motor stator core, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the motor air gap.

When the motor starts asynchronously, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will not increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, and the generating braking torque generated by the permanent magnet is small, which improves the asynchronous starting performance of the enhanced rotor. When the motor is running synchronously, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, and improve the synchronous operation performance and power density of the enhanced rotor.

The pole-changing enhanced rotor is mainly composed of a rotating shaft, a magnetic isolation bush, a pole-changing rotor core component, a pole-changing rotor squirrel cage, and a rotor permanent magnet component. The pole-changing rotor squirrel cage and rotor permanent magnet parts are installed on the pole-changing rotor core parts, and the pole-changing rotor core parts are installed on the shaft of non-magnetic material, or the pole-changing rotor core parts are installed on the magnetic isolation bushing , the magnetic isolation bush is installed on the rotating shaft of the magnetic permeable material.

The rotating shaft is cylindrical, and the material is magnetically permeable or non-magnetically permeable. The rotating shaft of the magnetic material needs to be used in conjunction with the magnetic isolation bushing. The magnetic isolation bush is cylindrical, and the material is non-magnetic material.

The pole changing rotor core part includes at least one pole changing permanent magnet core and one reinforced squirrel cage iron core. The pole-changing permanent magnet core and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core are arranged axially, and there is a connecting ring between the pole-changing permanent magnet core and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core.

The reinforced squirrel cage iron core is formed by laminating several reinforced squirrel cage iron core punches, and the material of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core punches is a magnetic material represented by a silicon steel sheet. The reinforced squirrel cage iron core is annular, and the center of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core is a shaft hole. Several squirrel cage iron core guide bar grooves are evenly distributed on the radially outer edge of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core, and the squirrel cage iron core guide bar grooves are open slots or closed slots. There are several deep and narrow reinforced magnetic steel grooves on the radially outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core, and the bottom of the reinforced magnetic steel grooves is a magnetic bridge. There are several auxiliary squirrel cage guide grooves on both sides of the reinforced magnetic steel groove. Compared with the squirrel cage core guide groove, the auxiliary squirrel cage guide groove is shallower in depth. Is an open slot or a closed slot.

The pole-changing permanent magnet core is formed by laminating several pole-changing permanent magnet core punches, and the material of the pole-changing permanent magnet core punches is a magnetically conductive material represented by a silicon steel sheet. The pole-changing permanent magnet core is annular, and the center of the pole-changing permanent magnet core is a shaft hole. A number of rotor grooves and a number of rotor salient poles are evenly distributed on the radially outer edge of the pole-changing permanent magnet core. The rotor grooves are called iron core pole slots, and the rotor salient poles are called iron core salient poles. Between the magnetic pole slot of the iron core and the salient pole of the iron core is a stepped rotor adjustment slot. A plurality of reversing squirrel cage guide bar grooves are evenly distributed on the inner side of the iron core magnetic pole groove close to the shaft hole, and the reversing squirrel cage guide bar grooves are closed slots or open slots. Several core squirrel cage guide grooves are evenly distributed on the inner side of the iron core salient pole close to the shaft hole. The core squirrel cage guide grooves are open grooves or closed grooves. The core squirrel cage guide grooves are double squirrel cage or deep groove shape. The squirrel cage guide bar groove or commonly used convex groove, pear-shaped groove and flat bottom groove.

The side of the step-shaped rotor adjustment groove is used for positioning when the permanent magnet is pasted. Changing the depth of the rotor adjustment groove can change the amount of radial leakage flux generated by the permanent magnet passing through the rotor adjustment groove.

The connecting ring is annular, and the material of the connecting ring is a magnetically conductive material or a nonmagnetically conductive material.

The pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is made of die-cast aluminum or welded with copper. In the middle of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is an annular magnetic isolation end ring, and the two ends are squirrel cage end ring 1 and squirrel cage end ring 2 respectively. The magnetic isolation end ring and the squirrel cage end ring are annular. There are several squirrel cage iron core guide bars between the magnetic isolation end ring and the second squirrel cage end ring, and the positions of the squirrel cage iron core guide bars correspond to the slots of the squirrel cage iron core guide bars of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core. There are several auxiliary cage guide bars between the magnetic isolation end ring of the pole-changing rotor cage and the second cage end ring, and the positions of the auxiliary cage guide bars correspond to the slots of the auxiliary cage guide bars of the reinforced cage iron core. The squirrel cage end ring of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is ring-shaped, and the radially outer edge of the squirrel cage end ring is evenly distributed with several end ring grooves. The end ring groove corresponds to the position of the iron core pole slot of the pole-changing permanent magnet core. There are several reversing cage guide bars and several core cage guide bars between the magnetic isolation end rings of the pole-changing rotor cage and cage end ring one. The reversing squirrel cage guide bar corresponds to the position of the reversing squirrel cage guide bar slot of the pole-changing permanent magnet core. The position of the core squirrel cage guide bar is corresponding to the slot of the core squirrel cage guide bar of the pole-changing permanent magnet core.

The permanent magnet part of the rotor is composed of several permanent magnets and several reinforced magnetic steels. The permanent magnet is tile-shaped. The permanent magnets for the pole-changing enhanced rotor are pasted in the core pole slots of the pole-changing permanent magnet core. The arc outer surfaces of the adjacent permanent magnets are mutually opposite magnetic poles.

Reinforced magnets are rectangular, and reinforced magnets are permanent magnet materials. The reinforced magnets are pasted in the reinforced magnet grooves, and the two sides of the reinforced magnet grooves are in contact with the two magnetic poles of the reinforced magnets. The magnetic poles of adjacent reinforcement magnets are mutually opposite magnetic poles. The position of the reinforced magnetic steel of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is aligned with the core pole slot of the pole-changing permanent magnet core in the axial direction, and the magnetic poles at both ends of the reinforced magnetic steel are respectively aligned with the permanent magnet poles in the magnetic pole slot of the iron core. same polarity.

In the pole-changing enhanced rotor or non-polar-changing enhanced rotor, permanent magnets with N poles on the outer surface of the arc form a main magnetic pole of the N-pole rotor, and permanent magnets with S poles on the outer surface of the arc form a main magnetic pole of the S-pole rotor.

The permanent magnet of the main magnetic pole of the N-pole rotor of the pole-changing enhanced rotor magnetizes the side of the salient pole adjacent to the iron core to form an S'-pole auxiliary magnetic pole of the rotor. The permanent magnet of the main magnetic pole of the S-pole rotor magnetizes the side of the adjacent salient pole of the iron core to form an auxiliary magnetic pole of the N'-pole rotor.

The motor air gap from the outer surface of the salient pole of the iron core to the inner surface of the stator core is the salient pole air gap, and the motor air gap from the outer surface of the permanent magnet to the inner surface of the stator core is the permanent magnet air gap. The air gap length of the salient pole is less than or equal to the air gap length of the permanent magnet. The motor air gap from the outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core to the inner surface of the stator iron core is the air gap of the squirrel cage iron core. The air gap length of the squirrel cage iron core is less than or equal to the salient pole air gap length.

The stator poles opposite the auxiliary poles of the rotor generate the additional magnetic field of the stator. The stator additional magnetic field is part of the stator's rotating magnetic field. The magnetic flux path of the stator additional magnetic field is that the magnetic force line starts from the n pole of the stator core, passes through the salient pole air gap and enters the S′ pole rotor auxiliary pole, the magnetic force line bypasses the inner side of the core squirrel cage bar, and the magnetic force line passes through the N’ pole rotor auxiliary pole The magnetic pole enters the s pole of the stator core through the air gap of the salient pole, and the magnetic force line returns to the n pole of the stator core, forming a closed loop.

The low-speed synchronous operation process of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is: when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is pulled into the low-speed synchronous operation, the number of magnetic poles of the stator rotating magnetic field is large. The stator additional magnetic field generated by the stator pole opposite to the rotor auxiliary pole is opposite to the rotor auxiliary pole. Under the magnetic force of the opposite polarity of the stator additional magnetic field, the magnetization effect of the permanent magnet on the rotor auxiliary pole is increased. The number of magnetic poles of the rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced type is the same as that of the stator rotating magnetic field, and there is a one-to-one correspondence. A number of rotor main poles and a number of rotor auxiliary poles jointly establish a low-speed rotor magnetic field. The low-speed rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced rotor interacts with the rotating magnetic field of the stator to generate synchronous torque.

When the pole-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously at low speed, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the enhanced magnetic steel acting on the magnetic bridge, and the stator magnetic field forces the magnetic flux path of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field to pass through the motor gas. Gap, the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path is closed in the stator core of the motor, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, improving the synchronous operation performance and power density of the enhanced rotor.

The process of high-speed synchronous operation of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is: when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is pulled into high-speed synchronous operation, the number of magnetic poles of the stator's rotating magnetic field decreases. The stator additional magnetic field generated by the stator pole opposite to the rotor auxiliary pole is the same polarity as the rotor auxiliary pole. Under the magnetic force of the same polarity and mutual repulsion of the stator additional magnetic field, the rotor auxiliary flux does not form between the permanent magnet and the rotor salient pole. In a closed loop, the auxiliary rotor flux is merged into the main rotor flux. The number of magnetic poles of the rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced type is the same as that of the stator rotating magnetic field, and there is a one-to-one correspondence. Several rotor main poles jointly establish a high-speed rotor magnetic field. The high-speed rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced rotor interacts with the rotating magnetic field of the stator to generate synchronous torque.

When the pole-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously at high speed, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the enhanced magnetic steel acting on the magnetic bridge, and the stator magnetic field forces the magnetic flux path of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field to pass through the motor gas. Gap, the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path is closed in the stator core of the motor, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, improving the synchronous operation performance and power density of the enhanced rotor.

The asynchronous starting process of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is: when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is started asynchronously, it mainly relies on the squirrel cage iron core guide bar and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar to cut the magnetic force lines of the stator rotating magnetic field to generate an asynchronous starting torque, and the pole-changing enhanced rotor The type rotor is pulled into the synchronous speed. When the pole-changing enhanced rotor starts asynchronously, the core squirrel cage bar cuts the magnetic force lines of the stator's rotating magnetic field to generate a vertically inward induced current or a vertically outward induced current. The vertically inward induced current or the vertically outward induced current converges at the squirrel cage end ring 1 or the magnetic isolation end ring respectively to form a closed loop of the induced current. The unbalanced vertically inward induced current or vertically outward induced current in the two current directions changes the direction of the induced current in the reversing squirrel cage bar, and finally converges at the squirrel cage end ring 1 or the magnetic isolation end ring. A closed loop of induced current is formed. When the pole-changing enhanced rotor starts asynchronously, the core squirrel cage guide bars can generate asynchronous starting torque, which improves the asynchronous starting performance of the pole-changing enhanced rotor.

The non-polarity-changing enhanced rotor is mainly composed of a rotating shaft, a magnetic isolation bush, a non-polarity-changing rotor core component, a non-polarity-changing rotor squirrel cage, and a rotor permanent magnet component. Non-changing rotor squirrel cage and rotor permanent magnet parts are installed on the non-changing rotor core parts, non-changing rotor core parts are installed on the shaft of non-magnetic material, or non-changing rotor core parts are installed on the On the magnetic bushing, the magnetic shielding bushing is installed on the rotating shaft of the magnetic permeable material.

The non-polarity-changing rotor core part includes at least one non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core and one reinforced squirrel-cage core. The non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core are arranged axially, and there is a connecting ring between the non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core.

The non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core is formed by laminating several non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core punches. The material of the non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core punching is a magnetic material represented by a silicon steel sheet. The non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core is annular, and the center of the non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core is a shaft hole. A plurality of reversing squirrel cage guide bar slots are evenly distributed on the radially outer edge of the non-polar changing permanent magnet core, and the reversing squirrel cage guide bar slots are open slots or closed slots.

Non-pole-changing rotor cages are die-cast from aluminum or welded from copper. In the middle of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is an annular magnetic isolation end ring, and the two ends are squirrel cage end ring 1 and squirrel cage end ring 2 respectively. The magnetic isolation end ring and the squirrel cage end ring are annular. There are several squirrel cage iron core guide bars between the magnetic isolation end ring and the second squirrel cage end ring, and the positions of the squirrel cage iron core guide bars correspond to the slots of the squirrel cage iron core guide bars of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core. There are several auxiliary cage guide bars between the magnetic isolation end ring of the non-changing rotor cage and the second cage end ring, and the positions of the auxiliary cage guide bars correspond to the slots of the auxiliary cage guide bars of the reinforced cage core . The squirrel cage end ring of the non-polar-changing rotor squirrel cage is ring-shaped. There are several reversing squirrel cage guide bars between the magnetic isolation end ring and the squirrel cage end ring one, and the positions of the reversing squirrel cage guide bars correspond to the positions of the reversing squirrel cage guide bar slots of the non-polar changing permanent magnet core.

The permanent magnet part of the rotor is composed of several permanent magnets and several reinforced magnetic steels. The permanent magnet is tile-shaped. The permanent magnets used for the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor are pasted on the radially outer surface of the non-polar-changing permanent magnet core. The arc outer surfaces of the adjacent permanent magnets are mutually opposite magnetic poles.

The reinforced magnet is rectangular, and the reinforced magnet is a permanent magnet material. The reinforced magnet is installed in the reinforced magnet groove, and the two magnetic poles of the reinforced magnet are respectively in contact with the two sides of the reinforced magnet groove. The magnetic poles of adjacent reinforcement magnets are mutually opposite magnetic poles. The position of the reinforced magnetic steel of the non-polar-changing reinforced rotor is aligned with the boundary line of the two permanent magnets on the non-polar-changing permanent magnet core along the axial direction, and the magnetic poles at both ends of the reinforced magnetic steel are respectively aligned with the two sides of the boundary line along the axial direction. Aligned permanent magnets have the same polarity.

The asynchronous starting process of the non-changing enhanced rotor is: when the non-changing enhanced rotor is started asynchronously, it relies on the squirrel cage iron core guide bar and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar to cut the magnetic force line of the stator rotating magnetic field to generate an asynchronous starting torque, and the non-variable The extremely reinforced rotor pulls in synchronous speed.

The process of synchronous operation of the non-changing enhanced rotor is: when the non-changing enhanced rotor is pulled into synchronous operation, the number of magnetic poles of the non-changing enhanced rotor magnetic field is the same as that of the stator rotating magnetic field, and there is a one-to-one correspondence. Several rotor main poles jointly establish the rotor magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field of the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor interacts with the stator rotating magnetic field to generate synchronous torque.

When the non-changing pole-changing enhanced rotor is in synchronous operation, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the enhanced magnetic steel acting on the magnetic bridge, and the stator magnetic field forces the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path to pass through the motor air gap , the magnetic flux path of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field is closed in the stator core of the motor, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, and increase the power density of the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor.

When the number of reinforced magnetic steel pasted in the reinforced squirrel cage core exceeds four or more, the number of guide bars of the reinforced squirrel cage core is too small, which will reduce the asynchronous starting performance of the reinforced rotor. The reinforced rotor with four poles, eight poles and sixteen poles is suitable for pasting two reinforced magnetic steels in the reinforced squirrel cage iron core. The reinforced rotor with six poles and twelve poles is suitable for pasting three reinforced magnetic steels in the reinforced squirrel cage iron core.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings in the description are the structure diagram and schematic diagram of the enhanced pole-changing and speed-changing permanent magnet synchronous motor. Figure 1 is an axonometric sectional view of an enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. Figure 2 is an axonometric view of a pole-changing enhanced rotor, and the rotor magnetic poles are four-pole/eight-pole. Fig. 3 is an axonometric sectional view of a pole-changing enhanced rotor, and the rotor magnetic poles are four-pole/eight-pole. Fig. 4 is an axonometric sectional view of the pole-changing rotor core components, the rotor magnetic poles are four poles/eight poles. Figure 5 is an axonometric view of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core. Fig. 6 is an axonometric view of the squirrel cage of the pole-changing rotor, and the magnetic poles of the rotor are four-pole/eight-pole. Fig. 7 is an axonometric view of a pole-changing enhanced rotor, and the magnetic poles of the rotor are eight-pole/sixteen-pole.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field line path of the permanent magnet magnetic field of the permanent magnet core in the air gap of the motor when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously at low speed. Extremely eight-pole. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path of the enhanced squirrel cage core when the pole-changing enhanced rotor operates synchronously at low speed, along the radial section of the enhanced squirrel cage core, there are two reinforced magnetic steels. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field line path of the permanent magnet magnetic field of the permanent magnet core in the air gap of the motor when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously at high speed. Extremely quadrupole. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path of the enhanced squirrel cage core when the pole-changing enhanced rotor operates synchronously at high speed, along the radial section of the enhanced squirrel cage core, there are two reinforced magnetic steels. Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field line path of the stator magnetic field when the pole-changing enhanced rotor and the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor are started asynchronously. Along the radial section of the enhanced squirrel cage iron core, the stator magnetic poles are eight poles.

Fig. 13 is an axonometric view of a non-polar-changing enhanced rotor, and the magnetic poles of the rotor are quadrupole. Fig. 14 is an axonometric sectional view of a non-polar-changing enhanced rotor, and the rotor magnetic poles are quadrupole. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field line path of the permanent magnet magnetic field of the permanent magnet core in the air gap of the motor when the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously. Along the radial section of the permanent magnet core, the rotor poles are six poles, and the stator poles are six poles. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path of the enhanced squirrel cage iron core when the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously. Along the radial section of the enhanced squirrel cage iron core, there are three reinforced magnetic steels. Fig. 17 is an axonometric view of a pole-changing enhanced rotor, and the magnetic poles of the rotor are six-pole/twelve-pole.

In Fig. 1 to Fig. 17, capital letters N and S represent the polarity of the main magnetic pole of the rotor, and capital letters N' and S' in the figure represent the polarity of the auxiliary magnetic pole of the rotor. The lowercase letters n and s represent the stator pole polarity. The letters Nz and Sz represent the magnetic polarity of the reinforced magnet.

In the figure, there are rotating shaft 1, squirrel cage end ring 1 2, magnetic isolation bushing 3, permanent magnet 4, pole-changing permanent magnet core 5, core squirrel cage guide bar 6, reinforced squirrel cage core 7, and squirrel cage core Guide bar 8, magnetic isolation end ring 9, squirrel cage end ring 2 10, reinforced magnetic steel 11, auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar 12, auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar slot 13, rotor magnetic field direction 14, reversing squirrel cage guide bar 15, Coupling ring 16, iron core salient pole 17, rotor adjustment groove 18, iron core magnetic pole groove 19, shaft hole 20, reversing squirrel cage guide groove 21, core squirrel cage guide groove 22, end ring groove 23, stator 24 , stator magnetic field direction 25, magnetic field line path 26, stator additional magnetic field direction 27, stator magnetic field rotation direction 28, rotor rotation direction 29, vertically inward induced current 30, vertically outward induced current 31, non-polar-changing permanent magnet core 32 , squirrel cage iron core guide bar slot 33, stator additional magnetic field flux path 34, enhanced magnetic steel slot 35, magnetic bridge 36, tangentially enhanced magnetic field direction 37, and tangentially enhanced magnetic field flux path 38.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11, the rotor of the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts the enhanced rotor, and the stator winding of the motor adopts non-polar-changing stator windings or pole-changing stator winding.

The rotor core part of the reinforced rotor is mainly composed of two types of rotor cores: several permanent magnet cores and several reinforced squirrel cage cores 7 . The permanent magnet core has two structures of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 and the non-pole-changing permanent magnet core 32 . Enhanced rotors are divided into pole-changing enhanced rotors and non-polar-changing enhanced rotors. The rotor core part of the pole-changing reinforced rotor is a pole-changing rotor core part including a pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 and a reinforced squirrel-cage core 7 . The rotor core part of the non-pole-changing reinforced rotor is a non-pole-changing rotor core part including a non-pole-changing permanent magnet core 32 and a reinforced squirrel-cage iron core 7 . The pole-changing enhanced rotor is assembled with the motor stator containing the pole-changing stator winding to form an asynchronous start-up pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. The non-changing pole-changing enhanced rotor is assembled with the motor stator containing the non-changing stator windings to form an asynchronous start permanent magnet synchronous motor.

The radially outer surface of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 has several rotor grooves and several rotor salient poles. Two permanent magnets 4 with mutually opposite magnetic poles are pasted in each rotor groove, and adjacent permanent magnets 4 between adjacent rotor grooves are mutually opposite magnetic poles. Each permanent magnet 4 forms a rotor main pole. The rotor main flux forms a closed loop between two rotor main poles in the same rotor groove. Each permanent magnet 4 magnetizes one side of the adjacent salient pole of the rotor to form a rotor auxiliary magnetic pole that is mutually opposite to the permanent magnet 4 . The auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor forms a closed loop between the permanent magnet 4 and the salient poles of the rotor.

When the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor operates synchronously at low speed, several rotor main magnetic poles and several rotor auxiliary magnetic poles jointly establish a low-speed rotor magnetic field. When the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is running synchronously at high speed, the stator additional magnetic field generated by the stator pole opposite the rotor auxiliary pole and the rotor auxiliary pole are the same magnetic poles, and the magnetic force of the same polarity of the stator additional magnetic field repels each other Next, the rotor auxiliary flux does not form a closed loop between the permanent magnet 4 and the salient pole of the rotor, and the rotor auxiliary flux is merged into the main rotor flux. A high-speed rotor magnetic field is jointly established by several rotor main poles. The change of the closed path of the auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor enables the pole-changing enhanced rotor to automatically adapt to the number of magnetic poles of the motor, and realizes the pole-changing and speed-changing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.

The radial outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 has several deep and narrow reinforced magnetic steel grooves 35, and a reinforced magnetic steel 11 is pasted in each reinforced magnetic steel groove 35 to form a tangentially enhanced magnetic field, and the enhanced magnetic steel Steel groove 35 groove bottoms are magnetic bridge 36. In the absence of an applied magnetic field, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field flux path 38 is closed along the magnetic bridge 36 . During most of the period of asynchronous starting of the motor, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge 36 is not opposite to the magnetic field direction of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 acting on the magnetic bridge 36, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path 38 is still along the magnetic field. With the bridge 36 closed, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field does not increase the flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor. When the motor runs synchronously, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge 36 is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 acting on the magnetic bridge 36, and the stator magnetic field forces the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path 38 to pass through the air gap of the motor. The flux path 38 is closed in the stator core of the motor to the enhanced magnetic field, and the magnetic field enhanced tangentially increases the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor.

When the motor starts asynchronously, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will not increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, and the generating braking torque generated by the permanent magnet is small, which improves the asynchronous starting performance of the enhanced rotor. When the motor is running synchronously, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, and improve the synchronous operation performance and power density of the enhanced rotor.

Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 17, the pole-changing enhanced rotor is mainly composed of a rotating shaft 1, a magnetic isolation bush 3, a pole-changing rotor core component, and a pole-changing rotor squirrel cage , Rotor permanent magnet components. The pole-changing rotor squirrel cage and rotor permanent magnet parts are installed on the pole-changing rotor core parts, and the pole-changing rotor core parts are installed on the shaft 1 of non-magnetic material, or the pole-changing rotor core parts are installed on the magnetic isolation bushing 3, the magnetic isolation bushing 3 is installed on the rotating shaft 1 of the magnetic permeable material.

The rotating shaft 1 is cylindrical, and the material is magnetically permeable or non-magnetically permeable. The rotating shaft 1 of the magnetically permeable material needs to be used in cooperation with the magnetic isolation bushing 3 . The magnetic isolation bushing 3 is cylindrical, and the material is a non-magnetic material.

The pole changing rotor core part includes at least one pole changing permanent magnet core 5 and one reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 . The pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core 7 are arranged axially, and there is a connecting ring 16 between the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core 7 .

The reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 is formed by laminating several reinforced squirrel cage iron core punches, and the material of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core punches is a magnetically conductive material represented by a silicon steel sheet. The reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 is annular, and the middle of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 is a shaft hole 20 . A plurality of squirrel cage iron core guide bar grooves 33 are evenly distributed on the radially outer edge of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7, and the squirrel cage iron core guide bar grooves 33 are open slots or closed slots. There are several deep and narrow reinforced magnetic steel slots 35 on the radially outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7, and the bottom of the reinforced magnetic steel slots 35 is a magnetic bridge 36. Reinforced magnetic steel groove 35 both sides are several auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar grooves 13, and auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar groove 13 is compared with squirrel cage iron core guide bar groove 33, and auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar groove 13 groove depths are shallower, and auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar groove 13 is shallower. The squirrel cage guide bar groove 13 is an open groove or a closed groove.

The pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 is formed by laminating several pole-changing permanent magnet core punches, and the material of the pole-changing permanent magnet core punches is a magnetically conductive material represented by a silicon steel sheet. The pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 is annular, and the center of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 is a shaft hole 20 . A number of rotor grooves and a number of rotor salient poles are evenly distributed on the radially outer edge of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 , the rotor grooves are called core magnetic pole slots 19 , and the rotor salient poles are called iron core salient poles 17 . Between the iron core magnetic pole slot 19 and the iron core salient pole 17 is a stepped rotor adjustment slot 18 . A plurality of reversing squirrel cage guide bar grooves 21 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the iron core magnetic pole groove 19 close to the shaft hole 20, and the reversing squirrel cage guide bar grooves 21 are closed or open slots. Several core squirrel cage guide grooves 22 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the iron core salient pole 17 near the shaft hole 20, the core squirrel cage guide groove 22 is an open groove or a closed groove, and the core squirrel cage guide groove 22 is double squirrel cage or Deep groove shape, core squirrel cage guide bar groove 22 or adopt commonly used convex groove, pear-shaped groove and flat bottom groove.

The side of the stepped rotor adjusting groove 18 is used for positioning when the permanent magnet 4 is pasted, changing the depth of the rotor adjusting groove 18 can change the amount of radial leakage flux generated by the permanent magnet 4 passing through the rotor adjusting groove 18 .

The coupling ring 16 is annular, and the material of the coupling ring 16 is a magnetically permeable material or a non-magnetically permeable material.

The pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is made of die-cast aluminum or welded with copper. In the middle of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is an annular magnetic isolation end ring 9 , and the two ends are respectively squirrel cage end ring one 2 and squirrel cage end ring two 10 . The magnetic isolation end ring 9 and the squirrel cage end ring 2 10 are annular. There are several squirrel cage iron core guide bars 8 between the magnetic isolation end ring 9 and the squirrel cage end ring 2 10, and the squirrel cage iron core guide bar grooves 33 of the squirrel cage iron core guide bars 8 and the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 corresponding to the location. There are several auxiliary cage guide bars 12 between the magnetic isolation end ring 9 of the pole-changing rotor cage and the second cage end ring 10, the auxiliary cage guide bars 12 and the auxiliary cage guide bars of the reinforced cage iron core 7 Groove 13 positions are corresponding. The squirrel cage end ring 1 of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is ring-shaped, and the radially outer edge of the squirrel cage end ring 1 2 is evenly distributed with several end ring grooves 23 . The end ring groove 23 corresponds to the position of the iron core pole groove 19 of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 . There are several reversing squirrel cage guide bars 15 and several core squirrel cage guide bars 6 between the magnetic isolation end ring 9 of the pole changing rotor squirrel cage and the squirrel cage end ring one 2 . The reversing squirrel cage guide bar 15 corresponds to the position of the reversing squirrel cage guide bar groove 21 of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 . The position of the core squirrel cage guide bar 6 corresponds to the position of the core squirrel cage guide bar groove 22 of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 .

The rotor permanent magnet part is composed of several permanent magnets 4 and several reinforced magnetic steels 11 . The permanent magnet 4 is tile-shaped. The permanent magnet 4 used for the pole-changing enhanced rotor is pasted in the iron core pole slot 19 of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 . The arc outer surfaces of the adjacent permanent magnets 4 are mutually opposite magnetic poles.

The reinforced magnetic steel 11 is rectangular, and the reinforced magnetic steel 11 is a permanent magnetic material. The reinforced magnetic steel 11 is pasted in the reinforced magnetic steel groove 35, and the two sides of the reinforced magnetic steel groove 35 are in contact with the two magnetic poles of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 respectively. . The magnetic poles of adjacent reinforcement magnets 11 are mutually opposite magnetic poles. The position of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is aligned with the iron core pole groove 19 of the pole-changing permanent magnet core 5 along the axial direction, and the magnetic poles at both ends of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 are respectively aligned with the core magnetic pole groove 19 in the axial direction. The aligned permanent magnets 4 have the same polarity.

Referring to Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, the outer surface of the circular arc of the pole-changing enhanced rotor or the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor is a permanent magnet 4 with N poles forming a main magnetic pole of the N-pole rotor. The permanent magnet 4 whose outer surface is an S pole forms a main magnetic pole of an S pole rotor.

The permanent magnet 4 of the N-pole rotor main pole of the pole-changing enhanced rotor magnetizes the side of the adjacent iron core salient pole 17 to form an S' pole rotor auxiliary pole. The permanent magnet 4 of the main magnetic pole of the S-pole rotor magnetizes one side of the adjacent salient pole 17 of the iron core to form an auxiliary magnetic pole of the N'-pole rotor.

The air gap of the motor from the outer surface of the iron core salient pole 17 to the inner surface of the iron core of the stator 24 is a salient pole air gap, and the air gap of the motor from the outer surface of the permanent magnet 4 to the inner surface of the iron core of the stator 24 is a permanent magnet air gap. The air gap length of the salient pole is less than or equal to the air gap length of the permanent magnet. The motor air gap between the outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 and the inner surface of the iron core of the stator 24 is the air gap of the squirrel cage iron core. The air gap length of the squirrel cage iron core is less than or equal to the salient pole air gap length.

The stator poles opposite the auxiliary poles of the rotor generate the additional magnetic field of the stator. The stator additional magnetic field is part of the stator's rotating magnetic field. The magnetic flux path 34 of the stator additional magnetic field is that the magnetic force line starts from the n pole of the stator 24 iron core, passes through the salient pole air gap and enters the S′ pole rotor auxiliary magnetic pole, the magnetic force line bypasses the inner side of the core squirrel cage guide bar 6, and the magnetic force line passes through N’ The auxiliary magnetic pole of the pole rotor enters the s pole of the iron core of the stator 24 through the air gap of the salient pole, and the magnetic field line returns to the n pole of the iron core of the stator 24 to form a closed loop.

The low-speed synchronous operation process of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is: when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is pulled into the low-speed synchronous operation, the number of magnetic poles of the stator rotating magnetic field is large. The stator additional magnetic field generated by the stator magnetic pole opposite to the rotor auxiliary magnetic pole and the rotor auxiliary magnetic pole are mutually opposite magnetic poles. Under the magnetic force of the opposite polarities of the stator additional magnetic field attracting each other, the magnetization effect of the permanent magnet 4 on the rotor auxiliary magnetic pole is increased. The number of magnetic poles of the rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced type is the same as that of the stator rotating magnetic field, and there is a one-to-one correspondence. A number of rotor main poles and a number of rotor auxiliary poles jointly establish a low-speed rotor magnetic field. The low-speed rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced rotor interacts with the rotating magnetic field of the stator to generate synchronous torque.

When the pole-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously at low speed, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge 36 is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the magnetic steel 11 acting on the magnetic bridge 36, and the stator magnetic field forces the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path 38 Passing through the air gap of the motor, the magnetic flux path 38 of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field is closed in the stator core of the motor, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, thereby improving the synchronous operation performance and power density.

The process of high-speed synchronous operation of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is: when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is pulled into high-speed synchronous operation, the number of magnetic poles of the stator's rotating magnetic field decreases. The stator additional magnetic field generated by the stator magnetic pole opposite to the rotor auxiliary magnetic pole and the rotor auxiliary magnetic pole are mutually homogeneous magnetic poles. Under the magnetic force of the same polarity and mutual repulsion of the stator additional magnetic field, the rotor auxiliary magnetic flux is not between the permanent magnet 4 and the salient pole of the rotor. Forming a closed loop, the auxiliary flux of the rotor is merged in the main flux of the rotor. The number of magnetic poles of the rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced type is the same as that of the stator rotating magnetic field, and there is a one-to-one correspondence. Several rotor main poles jointly establish a high-speed rotor magnetic field. The high-speed rotor magnetic field of the pole-changing enhanced rotor interacts with the rotating magnetic field of the stator to generate synchronous torque.

When the pole-changing enhanced rotor is running synchronously at high speed, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge 36 is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the magnetic steel 11 acting on the magnetic bridge 36, and the stator magnetic field forces the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path 38 Passing through the air gap of the motor, the magnetic flux path 38 of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field is closed in the stator core of the motor, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, thereby improving the synchronous operation performance and power density.

The asynchronous starting process of the pole-changing enhanced rotor is: when the pole-changing enhanced rotor is started asynchronously, it mainly relies on the squirrel cage iron core guide bar 8 and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar 12 to cut the magnetic force lines of the stator rotating magnetic field to generate an asynchronous starting torque, and the transformer The extremely reinforced rotor pulls in synchronous speed. When the pole-changing enhanced rotor starts asynchronously, the core squirrel cage bar 6 cuts the magnetic field lines of the stator's rotating magnetic field to generate a vertically inward induced current 30 or a vertically outward induced current 31 . The vertically inward induced current 30 or the vertically outward induced current 31 converge at the squirrel cage end ring 1 or the magnetic isolation end ring 9 to form a closed loop of the induced current. The unbalanced vertically inward induced current 30 or the vertically outward induced current 31 in the two current directions changes the direction of the induced current in the reversing squirrel cage bar 15, and finally at the squirrel cage end ring-2 or the magnetic isolation end The rings 9 converge to form a closed loop of induced current. When the pole-changing enhanced rotor starts asynchronously, the core squirrel cage guide bar 6 can generate asynchronous starting torque, which improves the asynchronous starting performance of the pole-changing enhanced rotor.

When the number of reinforced magnetic steel 11 pasted in the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 exceeds four or more, the number of squirrel cage iron core guide bars 8 of the reinforced rotor is too small, which will reduce the asynchronous starting performance of the reinforced rotor. The number of magnetic poles is four poles, eight poles, sixteen poles, and the enhanced rotor is suitable for pasting two enhanced magnetic steels 11 in the enhanced squirrel cage iron core 7 . The reinforced rotor with six or twelve poles is suitable for pasting three reinforced magnetic steels 11 in the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 .

Referring to Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16, the non-changing pole-changing enhanced rotor is mainly composed of a shaft 1, a magnetic isolation bush 3, a non-polar-changing rotor core component, a non-polar-changing rotor squirrel cage, and a rotor permanent magnet component . The non-polar changing rotor squirrel cage and rotor permanent magnet components are installed on the non-polar changing rotor core parts, and the non-polar changing rotor core parts are installed on the rotating shaft 1 of non-magnetic material, or the non-polar changing rotor core parts are installed on On the magnetic isolation bushing 3, the magnetic isolation bushing 3 is installed on the rotating shaft 1 of the magnetic permeable material.

The non-pole-changing rotor core part includes at least one non-pole-changing permanent magnet core 32 and one reinforced squirrel-cage core 7 . The non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core 32 and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core 7 are arranged axially, and there is a coupling ring 16 between the non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core 32 and the reinforced squirrel-cage iron core 7 .

The non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core 32 is formed by laminating several non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core punches, and the material of the non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core punches is a magnetically conductive material represented by a silicon steel sheet. The non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core 32 is annular, and the center of the non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core 32 is a shaft hole 20 . A plurality of reversing squirrel cage guide bar grooves 21 are evenly distributed on the radially outer edge of the non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core 32, and the reversing squirrel cage guide bar grooves 21 are open slots or closed slots.

Non-pole-changing rotor cages are die-cast from aluminum or welded from copper. In the middle of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is an annular magnetic isolation end ring 9 , and the two ends are squirrel cage end ring one 2 and squirrel cage end ring two 10 respectively. The magnetic isolation end ring 9 and the squirrel cage end ring 2 10 are annular. There are several squirrel cage iron core guide bars 8 between the magnetic isolation end ring 9 and the squirrel cage end ring 2 10, and the squirrel cage iron core guide bar grooves 33 of the squirrel cage iron core guide bars 8 and the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 corresponding to the location. There are several auxiliary squirrel cage guide bars 12 between the magnetic isolation end ring 9 of the non-changing rotor squirrel cage and the second 10 of the squirrel cage end ring, and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bars 12 and the reinforced squirrel cage iron core 7 Bar groove 13 positions are corresponding. The squirrel cage end ring 1 of the non-polar-changing rotor squirrel cage is ring-shaped. There are several reversing squirrel cage guide bars 15 between the magnetically separated end ring 9 and the squirrel cage end ring-2, the reversing squirrel cage guide bar groove 21 of the reversing squirrel cage guide bar 15 and the non-polar changing permanent magnet core 32 corresponding to the location.

The rotor permanent magnet part is composed of several permanent magnets 4 and several reinforced magnetic steels 11 . The permanent magnet 4 is tile-shaped. The permanent magnet 4 used for the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor is pasted on the radially outer surface of the non-polar-changing permanent magnet core 32 . The arc outer surfaces of the adjacent permanent magnets 4 are mutually opposite magnetic poles.

The reinforced magnetic steel 11 is rectangular, and the reinforced magnetic steel 11 is a permanent magnetic material. The reinforced magnetic steel 11 is installed in the reinforced magnetic steel slot 35, and the two sides of the reinforced magnetic steel slot 35 are in contact with the two magnetic poles of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 respectively. . The magnetic poles of adjacent reinforcement magnets 11 are mutually opposite magnetic poles. The position of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 of the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor is aligned with the boundary line of the two permanent magnets 4 on the non-polar-changing permanent magnet core 32 along the axial direction, and the magnetic poles at both ends of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 are respectively in line with the boundary line. The magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 4 aligned along the axial direction have the same polarity.

The asynchronous starting process of the non-changing enhanced rotor is: when the non-changing enhanced rotor is started asynchronously, it relies on the squirrel cage iron core guide bar 8 and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar 12 to cut the magnetic field lines of the stator rotating magnetic field to generate an asynchronous starting torque. The non-pole-changing enhanced rotor pulls in synchronous speed.

The process of synchronous operation of the non-changing enhanced rotor is: when the non-changing enhanced rotor is pulled into synchronous operation, the number of magnetic poles of the non-changing enhanced rotor magnetic field is the same as that of the stator rotating magnetic field, and there is a one-to-one correspondence. Several rotor main poles jointly establish the rotor magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field of the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor interacts with the stator rotating magnetic field to generate synchronous torque.

When the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor is in synchronous operation, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge 36 is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the reinforced magnetic steel 11 acting on the magnetic bridge 36, and the stator magnetic field forces the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path 38 to pass through Through the air gap of the motor, the magnetic flux path 38 of the tangentially enhanced magnetic field is closed in the stator core of the motor, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor, increasing the power density of the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor .

Claims (2)

1. An enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized in that the rotor of the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts an enhanced rotor, and the motor stator winding adopts a non-polar-changing stator winding or a pole-changing stator winding; The rotor core components of the reinforced rotor are mainly composed of two types of rotor cores: several permanent magnet cores and several reinforced squirrel cage cores (7); permanent magnet cores include pole-changing permanent magnet cores (5) and non There are two structures of the pole-changing permanent magnet core (32); the enhanced rotor is divided into a pole-changing enhanced rotor and a non-polar-changing enhanced rotor; the rotor core part of the pole-changing enhanced rotor contains a pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) and reinforced squirrel cage core (7) pole-changing rotor core parts; the rotor core part of non-pole-changing reinforced rotor is composed of non-pole-changing permanent magnet core (32) and reinforced squirrel cage core (7) non-changing pole-changing rotor core components; the pole-changing enhanced rotor is assembled with the motor stator containing the pole-changing stator winding to form an asynchronous start-up pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor; the non-polar-changing enhanced rotor is combined with the non-polar-changing stator The motor stator of the winding is assembled together to form an asynchronous start permanent magnet synchronous motor; The radially outer surface of the pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) has several rotor grooves and several rotor salient poles; two permanent magnets (4) with opposite magnetic poles are pasted in each rotor groove, and the adjacent rotor The adjacent permanent magnets (4) between the grooves are mutually opposite magnetic poles; each permanent magnet (4) forms a rotor main pole; the rotor main magnetic flux is formed between two rotor main poles in the same rotor groove Closed loop; each permanent magnet (4) magnetizes one side of the adjacent salient pole of the rotor to form a rotor auxiliary pole that is opposite to the permanent magnet (4); the rotor auxiliary magnetic flux is between the permanent magnet (4) and the rotor A closed loop is formed between the salient poles; When the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor operates synchronously at low speed, several rotor main poles and several rotor auxiliary magnetic poles jointly establish a low-speed rotor magnetic field; when the enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor operates synchronously at high speed, The stator additional magnetic field generated by the stator pole opposite to the rotor auxiliary pole is the same polarity as the rotor auxiliary pole. Under the magnetic force of the same polarity and mutual repulsion of the stator additional magnetic field, the rotor auxiliary flux is not between the permanent magnet (4) and the rotor salient pole. A closed loop is formed between them, and the auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor is merged in the main magnetic flux of the rotor; a high-speed rotor magnetic field is jointly established by several main magnetic poles of the rotor; the change of the closed path of the auxiliary magnetic flux of the rotor enables the pole-changing enhanced rotor to automatically adapt to the transformation The number of magnetic poles of the motor realizes the pole-changing and speed-changing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor; There are several deep and narrow reinforced magnetic steel grooves (35) on the radially outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7), and a reinforced magnetic steel (11) is pasted in each reinforced magnetic steel groove (35), forming A tangentially enhanced magnetic field, the bottom of the reinforced magnetic steel groove (35) is a magnetic bridge (36); when there is no external magnetic field, the tangentially enhanced magnetic flux path (38) is closed along the magnetic bridge (36); the motor is asynchronous During most of the starting period, the magnetic field direction of the stator magnetic field acting on the magnetic bridge (36) is not opposite to the magnetic field direction of the reinforced magnetic steel (11) acting on the magnetic bridge (36), and the tangential enhanced magnetic flux path ( 38) Still closed along the magnetic bridge (36), the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will not increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the air gap of the motor; when the motor is running synchronously, the stator magnetic field acts on the magnetic field direction at the magnetic bridge (36) Opposite to the magnetic field direction of the enhanced magnetic steel (11) acting on the magnetic bridge (36), the stator magnetic field forces the tangentially enhanced magnetic field flux path (38) to pass through the air gap of the motor, and the tangentially enhanced magnetic field flux path (38) is in the Closed in the motor stator core, the tangentially enhanced magnetic field will increase the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet rotor in the motor air gap. 2. The enhanced pole-changing variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole-changing enhanced rotor mainly consists of a rotating shaft (1), a magnetic isolation bushing (3), a pole-changing rotor core component, a variable The pole-changing rotor squirrel cage and rotor permanent magnet parts; the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage and rotor permanent magnet parts are installed on the pole-changing rotor core part, and the pole-changing rotor core part is installed on the rotating shaft (1) of non-magnetic material, Or the pole-changing rotor core part is installed on the magnetic isolation bushing (3), and the magnetic isolation bushing (3) is installed on the rotating shaft (1) of the magnetic permeable material; The rotating shaft (1) is cylindrical, and the material is magnetically permeable or non-magnetically permeable; the rotating shaft (1) of magnetically permeable material needs to be used in conjunction with the magnetic isolation bushing (3); the magnetic isolation bushing (3) is cylindrical , the material is a non-magnetic material; The pole-changing rotor core component includes at least one pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) and a reinforced squirrel-cage core (7); the pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) and the reinforced squirrel-cage core (7) Arranged in the opposite direction, there is a connecting ring (16) between the pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) and the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7); The reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7) is formed by laminating several reinforced squirrel cage iron core punches. The core (7) is annular, and the middle of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7) is a shaft hole (20); the radially outer edge of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7) is evenly distributed with several squirrel cage iron core guide bar grooves (33 ), the squirrel cage iron core guide bar groove (33) is an open groove or a closed groove; the radially outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7) has several deep and narrow reinforced magnetic steel grooves (35), the enhanced magnetic The bottom of the steel groove (35) is a magnetic bridge (36); the two sides of the reinforced magnetic steel groove (35) are several auxiliary squirrel cage guide grooves (13), and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide grooves (13) and the squirrel cage iron core Compared with the guide bar groove (33), the depth of the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar groove (13) is shallower, and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar groove (13) is an open slot or a closed slot; The pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) is formed by laminating several pole-changing permanent magnet core punches. The material of the pole-changing permanent magnet core punching is a magnetic material represented by silicon steel sheet; It is ring-shaped, and the center of the pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) is a shaft hole (20); the radially outer edge of the pole-changing permanent magnet core (5) is evenly distributed with several rotor grooves and several rotor salient poles, and the rotor groove is called The iron core pole slot (19), the salient pole of the rotor is called the iron core salient pole (17); between the iron core magnetic pole slot (19) and the iron core salient pole (17) is a stepped rotor adjustment slot (18); Several reversing squirrel cage guide grooves (21) are evenly distributed on the inner side of the core magnetic pole groove (19) close to the shaft hole (20), and the reversing squirrel cage guide groove (21) is a closed groove or an open groove; (17) Several core squirrel cage guide grooves (22) are evenly distributed on the inner side near the shaft hole (20). The core squirrel cage guide grooves (22) are open or closed grooves. The core squirrel cage guide grooves (22) It is a double squirrel cage shape or a deep groove shape, and the core squirrel cage guide bar groove (22) or commonly used convex groove, pear-shaped groove and flat bottom groove; The side of the step-shaped rotor adjustment groove (18) is used for positioning when the permanent magnet (4) is pasted. Changing the depth of the rotor adjustment groove (18) can change the radial leakage of the permanent magnet (4) through the rotor adjustment groove (18). amount of flux; The connecting ring (16) is annular, and the material of the connecting ring (16) is a magnetically conductive material or a nonmagnetically conductive material; The pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is made of aluminum die-casting or copper welding; the middle of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is an annular magnetic isolation end ring (9), and the two ends are squirrel cage end ring 1 (2) and Two squirrel cage end rings (10); the magnetic isolation end ring (9) and the second squirrel cage end ring (10) are annular; there are several The squirrel cage core guide bar (8), the position of the squirrel cage core guide bar (8) corresponds to the squirrel cage core guide bar groove (33) of the reinforced squirrel cage core (7); the pole changing rotor squirrel cage There are several auxiliary squirrel cage guide bars (12) between the magnetic isolation end ring (9) and the squirrel cage end ring 2 (10), the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bars (12) and the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7) The positions of the squirrel cage guide bar slots (13) are corresponding; the squirrel cage end ring 1 (2) of the pole-changing rotor squirrel cage is circular, and the radially outer edge of the squirrel cage end ring 1 (2) is evenly distributed with several end ring recesses. slot (23); the end ring groove (23) corresponds to the position of the iron core pole slot (19) of the pole-changing permanent magnet core (5); the magnetic isolation end ring (9) of the pole-changing rotor cage and the cage end There are several reversing squirrel cage guide bars (15) and several core squirrel cage guide bars (6) between ring one (2); The reversing squirrel cage guide bar slot (21) corresponds to the position; the core squirrel cage guide bar (6) corresponds to the core squirrel cage guide bar slot (22) of the pole-changing permanent magnet core (5); The permanent magnet part of the rotor is composed of several permanent magnets (4) and several reinforced magnetic steels (11); the permanent magnets (4) are in the shape of tiles; In the iron core pole slot (19) of the permanent magnet core (5); the arc outer surfaces of the adjacent permanent magnets (4) are opposite magnetic poles; The reinforced magnetic steel (11) is rectangular, and the reinforced magnetic steel (11) is a permanent magnetic material. The reinforced magnetic steel (11) is pasted in the reinforced magnetic steel groove (35), and is in contact with the two sides of the reinforced magnetic steel groove (35). They are the two magnetic poles of the reinforced magnet (11); the magnetic poles of the adjacent reinforced magnets (11) are mutually opposite poles; ) of the core magnetic pole slots (19) are aligned axially, and the polarities of the magnetic poles at both ends of the reinforced magnet steel (11) are respectively the same as the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets (4) aligned axially in the iron core magnetic pole slots (19) ; The air gap of the motor from the outer surface of the iron core salient pole (17) to the inner surface of the iron core of the stator (24) is a salient pole air gap, and the motor air gap from the outer surface of the permanent magnet (4) to the inner surface of the iron core of the stator (24) is a permanent air gap. The air gap of the magnet; the air gap length of the salient pole is less than or equal to the air gap length of the permanent magnet; the motor air gap between the outer surface of the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7) and the inner surface of the stator (24) iron core is the air gap of the squirrel cage iron core; The air gap length of the squirrel cage core is less than or equal to the salient pole air gap length; When the number of reinforced magnetic steel (11) pasted in the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7) exceeds four or more, the number of squirrel cage iron core guide bars (8) of the reinforced rotor is too small, which will reduce the asynchronous starting of the reinforced rotor Performance; the reinforced rotor with four poles, eight poles and sixteen poles is suitable for pasting two reinforced magnetic steels (11) in the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7); the number of magnetic poles is six poles or twelve poles The reinforced rotor is suitable for pasting three reinforced magnetic steels (11) in the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7); The non-changing pole-changing enhanced rotor is mainly composed of the rotating shaft (1), the magnetic isolation bushing (3), the non-changing pole-changing rotor core part, the non-changing pole-changing rotor squirrel cage, and the permanent magnet parts of the rotor; the non-changing pole-changing rotor squirrel cage, the rotor The permanent magnet part is mounted on the non-polarity-changing rotor core part, the non-polarity-changing rotor core part is mounted on the shaft (1) of non-magnetic material, or the non-polarity-changing rotor core part is mounted on the magnetic isolation bushing (3 ), the magnetic isolation bushing 3 is installed on the rotating shaft (1) of the magnetic permeable material; The non-pole-changing rotor core component includes at least one non-pole-changing permanent magnet core (32) and a reinforced squirrel-cage core (7); the non-pole-changing permanent magnet core (32) and the reinforced squirrel-cage core (7 ) are arranged along the axial direction, and there is a connecting ring (16) between the non-polar changing permanent magnet core (32) and the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7); The non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core (32) is formed by laminating several non-polarity-changing permanent magnet core punches. The core (32) is annular, and the center of the non-polar-changing permanent magnet core (32) is a shaft hole (20); the radially outer edge of the non-polar-changing permanent magnet core (32) is evenly distributed with several reversing squirrel cage guide bar grooves (21 ), the reversing squirrel cage guide bar groove (21) is an open groove or a closed groove; The non-changing pole rotor squirrel cage is made of aluminum die-casting or copper welding; the non-changing pole rotor squirrel cage has a ring-shaped magnetic isolation end ring (9) in the middle, and squirrel cage end rings 1 (2) at both ends. ) and squirrel cage end ring two (10); the magnetic isolation end ring (9) and the squirrel cage end ring two (10) are annular; between the magnetic isolation end ring (9) and the squirrel cage end ring two (10) there is Several squirrel cage core guide bars (8), the squirrel cage core guide bars (8) correspond to the positions of the squirrel cage core guide bar slots (33) of the reinforced squirrel cage core (7); the non-changing pole rotor There are several auxiliary squirrel cage guide bars (12) between the magnetic isolation end ring (9) of the squirrel cage and the second squirrel cage end ring (10), and the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bars (12) and the reinforced squirrel cage iron core (7 ) corresponding to the position of the auxiliary squirrel cage guide bar groove (13); the squirrel cage end ring one (2) of the non-polar-changing rotor squirrel cage is ring-shaped; the magnetic isolation end ring (9) and the squirrel cage end ring one (2) There are several reversing squirrel cage guide bars (15) between them, and the reversing squirrel cage guide bars (15) correspond to the positions of the reversing squirrel cage guide bar slots (21) of the non-pole-changing permanent magnet core (32); The permanent magnet part of the rotor is composed of several permanent magnets (4) and several reinforced magnetic steels (11); the permanent magnets (4) are in the shape of tiles; The radial outer surface of the pole-changing permanent magnet core (32); the arc outer surfaces of the adjacent permanent magnets (4) are opposite magnetic poles; The reinforced magnetic steel (11) is rectangular, and the reinforced magnetic steel (11) is a permanent magnetic material. The reinforced magnetic steel (11) is installed in the reinforced magnetic steel groove (35), and is in contact with the two sides of the reinforced magnetic steel groove (35). Respectively, the two magnetic poles of the reinforced magnet (11); the adjacent magnetic poles of the reinforced magnet (11) are mutually opposite poles; The dividing line of the two permanent magnets (4) on (32) is aligned axially, and the polarities of the magnetic poles at both ends of the reinforcement magnet (11) are respectively aligned with the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets (4) on both sides of the dividing line axially. Sex is the same.