CN104202974A - 用于农药配制剂的助剂共混物 - Google Patents
用于农药配制剂的助剂共混物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104202974A CN104202974A CN201380016702.2A CN201380016702A CN104202974A CN 104202974 A CN104202974 A CN 104202974A CN 201380016702 A CN201380016702 A CN 201380016702A CN 104202974 A CN104202974 A CN 104202974A
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- YTQVHRVITVLIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-L thallium sulfate Chemical compound [Tl+].[Tl+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YTQVHRVITVLIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供助剂共混物，包括得自酸化的皂料与C3-C20醇的烷基酯和非离子表面活性剂反应。助剂共混物可以掺入农药配制剂和施用至靶标基底以灭除、抑制或驱避病虫害。
Description
与有关申请的交叉引用
不可行的。
有关联邦赞助研究或开发的声明
不可行的。
发明领域
本申请涉及助剂共混物，含有得自酸化的皂料烷基化的烷基酯和非离子表面活性剂。助剂共混物能够与农药相组合以改善其效力。
发明背景
农业人员、户主一般用农药来防治杂草、昆虫、啮齿类动物等的不希望增殖。未经配制状态的农药化学品通常不适于病虫害防治。这些浓缩的化学品(也即"活性"成分")可以是不充分与水混合的，可以是化学不稳定的，和可以是难以处理或运输的。出于这些原因，一般加入其它组分来改善施用有效性、安全性、处理和贮藏。活性成分与这些其它组分的混合物常常称为农药配制剂。可以与农药组合使用的一种这样的组分是助剂。在包装之前预先混合于农药配制剂中的或在喷雾之前加至喷雾槽的助剂设计用来增加农药效力或改善农药的施用特征。从而，助剂已被设计用来在喷雾期间改善液滴的"浸湿"，改变喷雾混合物的挥发性，改善除草剂在植物上的耐雨水冲刷性，改善活性成分的穿透或分布，调节喷雾混合物的pH，改善各种组分在混合槽中的相容性，和减少在喷雾期间的漂移。由于助剂以某些方式起作用改善活性成分的有效性，起效需要的活性成分的量能够许多情况中得以降低而不损失效力。
并不存在能够改善全部农药效能的全能助剂。从而，必须根据各施用的具体条件来定制所选的农药和助剂和所用的相对量。一些实例包括：
U.S.专利号5,495,033，其公开能够用作各种除草剂的助剂的甲基化的酸化的大豆皂料；
U.S.专利号5,521,144，其教导用于出苗后除草剂的助剂，包括酸化的皂料和与之组合的烷基酚乙氧基化物或醇乙氧基化物和二醇醚的共混物或阴离子表面活性剂；
U.S.专利号5,658,855，其描述助剂组合物，含有胺或氨化合物、铵盐、具有高HLB的非离子表面活性剂和水；
U.S.专利号5,888,934，其公开用于改善耐雨水冲刷性的助剂，包括烷基聚糖苷和得自脂族一醇的乙氧基化的乙氧基化的醇；
U.S.专利号5,928,563，其教导助剂，含有硫酸化的烷基油酸酯、烷基聚糖苷和C6-C18烷基酯；
U.S.专利号5,942,542，其描述用于拟除虫菊酯杀昆虫剂的助剂，包含不饱和水平为至少40％的脂肪酸的烷基酯或二价酸的烷基酯和非离子型乳化剂；
US 2003/0104947，其公开用于喷雾载体中的助剂，含有石油、pH调节剂和非离子表面活性剂；
U.S.专利号6,642,178，其教导用于喷雾载体中的助剂，包含氮肥料、改性植物油、pH调节剂和高、中和低HLB非离子表面活性剂的共混物；
WO 2004/080177，其描述微乳剂形式的助剂，含有烃或脂肪酸酯，烷基聚糖苷，甘油或脱水山梨糖醇酯，和水；以及
US 2011/0201504，其公开助剂混合物，含有脂肪酸烷基酯，至少两种选自烷基聚糖苷、山梨糖醇酯和聚甘油酯的非离子表面活性剂和任选地多元醇。
发明概要
本申请提供助剂共混物，包含(i)得自酸化的皂料与C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯；和(ii)非离子表面活性剂。
在又一方面中，本申请提供农药配制剂，用于施用至靶标基底上以引起化学或生物学效果。农药配制剂包含农药有效量的农药或农药的混合物和助剂共混物。助剂共混物以一定浓度存在于农药配制剂中使得农药配制剂的农药效力与参比农药配制剂相比得以增强，该参比农药配制剂不含助剂共混物的组分(i)和(ii)之一或两者但除此外具有农药配制剂的相同成分。从而，将所述助剂共混物加至农药配制剂使得用农药配制剂处理的靶标基底更快地摄取活性成分成为可能。该增强的活性可以在用农药配制剂处理靶标基底当中产生下述方面的效果：在一定施用率相对更高的活性成分活性；在一定活性相对更低的施用率；相对更高的靶标基底的活性成分摄取。
在又一方面，本申请提供灭除、抑制或驱避病虫害的方法，其包括：以农药有效量提供农药或农药的混合物；提供有效量的助剂共混物，将农药或农药的混合物与助剂共混物组合以形成农药配制剂，和将农药配制剂与病虫害接触。
发明详述
本申请提供与农药一起使用的助剂共混物，其制备自(i)得自酸化的皂料与C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯；和(ii)非离子表面活性剂。已令人惊讶地发现组合这些组分产生助剂共混物，其可以用于农药配制剂以增强在配制剂中的活性成分效力。"增强"应理解为本申请的助剂共混物增加活性成分在农药配制剂中的效能，例如在一定施用率更高的活性成分活性，在给定效果更低的施用率，更佳的靶标基底对活性成分的摄取，和从而与仅存在一种或不存在助剂共混物组分的农药配制剂相比出苗前或出苗后处理尤其是靶标基底的喷雾处理的优势。
如本文所用，术语"HLB"或"亲水/亲油平衡指数"是一定表面活性剂结构的代表其亲水和亲油特性平衡的数字指数。高HLB的表面活性剂与低HLB的表面活性剂相比更亲水和更不亲油。
额外地，"农药有效量"是指在施用时减少病虫害存在或增强植物对病虫害抗性的农药的量。
另外，术语"靶标基底"是指作为农药期望目标的植物叶片下的场所，包括但不限于天然地面比如土壤、水(湖泊，池塘，湿地，沼泽，溪流，水坑等)和人工表面比如人行道；病虫害；或其组合。
"病虫害"一般地包括昆虫、螨、蜱和其它节肢动物；病原比如真菌、原生动物、细菌和病毒；蠕虫、线虫(nematodes)(线虫(roundworms))，绦虫(cestodes)(绦虫(tapeworms))，扁形动物(扁形虫)，吸虫(trematodes)(吸虫(flukes))和其它蠕虫；孢子虫寄生物；蛞蝓和蜗牛；和脊椎动物比如鸟类、啮齿类动物或能够直接或间接损害任意植物或其部分或任意处理的、制备的植物产品或其它植物产品或导致其病害或损害的其它脊椎动物。
此外，术语"包含"及其衍生词不期望排除任意额外组分、步骤或程序的存在，无论其是否在本文中公开。为了避免任何疑问，本文中通过使用术语"包含"要求保护的全部组合物可以包括任何额外的添加剂或化合物，除非有与之相反的说明。与之相对，术语"基本上由…组成"如果出现则从后续陈述的范围中排除除对可操作性不是必需的那些外的任何其它组分、步骤或程序；而术语"由…组成"如果使用则排除并未特别界定或列出的任何组分、步骤或程序。术语"或"除非另有说明是指单独的所列成员以及其任意组合。
本文中所用的"一个"和"一种"是指一种或多于一种(也即至少一种)。举例而言，"一种非离子表面活性剂"意指一种非离子表面活性剂或多于一种非离子表面活性剂。
短语"在一种实施方式中"、"根据一种实施方式"等一般意指该短语之后的具体特征、结构或特性包括在至少一种本发明实施方式中，并且可以包括在多于一种的本发明实施方式中。重要地，所述短语不一定是指同一实施方式。
如果说明书描述组分或特征"可以"、"能够"、"能"或"可能"包括或具有某特性，则该具体组分或特征并非必须包括或具有该特性。
助剂共混物
作为第一组分，本申请的助剂共混物包括得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯。
根据一种实施方式，用于本申请反应中的酸化的皂料代表可商购的得自皂料酸化的有机产品。皂料是粗植物油或动物油碱精制的副产物。在碱精制过程期间，粗制油用小百分比例如约0.1-3％重量的碱例如氢氧化钠或碳酸氢钠加以处理。该处理形成游离脂肪酸的钠盐，该盐("皂料")作为固体沉淀出来并且从油中通过离心或沉淀除去。然后在酸化步骤中用酸比如硫酸、硝酸、磷酸或盐酸处理皂料以分离脂肪酸盐。然后通过倾析或离心回收酸化的皂料。
可以容易地精制为皂料的含有游离脂肪酸的粗制油能够得自植物或动物来源，包括但不限于大豆油，棉籽油，花生油，玉米油，向日葵油，红花油，椰子油，橄榄油，亚麻籽油，牛脂油(oleo oil)，小麦油，米糠油，油菜籽油，罂粟籽油，沙丁鱼油，和鲱鱼油。
在一种实施方式中，与酸化的皂料反应的醇是具有3至20个碳原子的直链或支化醇。实例包括但不限于丙醇，异丙醇，异丁醇，正丁醇，乙二醇，甘油，1,3-丙二醇，1,4-丁烷二醇，1,5-戊烷二醇，1,6-己烷二醇，1,7-庚二醇，频哪醇，季戊四醇，三羟甲基甲烷，和山梨糖醇。从而，在一种特别实施方式中，C3-C20醇选自异丁醇，正丁醇，乙二醇或2-乙基己醇。
酸化的皂料的酯化可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的手段进行。在一种实施方式中，将酸化的皂料加至反应器，其中具有过量的醇例如约1.5-4摩尔过量的醇，和按酸化的皂料重量计浓度约0.1-1％的酸性催化剂，以形成反应混合物。在一种实施方式中，酸性催化剂可以是均相催化剂比如硫酸、KHSO4、对甲苯磺酸、甲烷磺酸等，或其可以是异相催化剂，比如强酸性磺化离子交换树脂或酸性沸石催化剂。
然后，将反应混合物在适中温度比如约25℃至约150℃加热，使得酯化进行。可以使用更高温度(例如多至醇沸点)但一般并不优选的。另外，酯化在大气压快速且高完成度地进行；然而，如果希望则可以使用大于大气压的压力(例如多至约300psi)。取决于所用醇，反应时间可以是多至约50小时；在其它实施方式中，多至约10小时；在其它实施方式中，多至约5小时；在其它实施方式中，多至约2小时；而在其它实施方式中，多至约0.5小时。优选地，随反应进行除去作为反应副产物的水，以驱动反应向前进行。水可以通过蒸馏加或不加恒沸物比如甲苯地除去。用于酯化的某些醇(例如丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇)可以自身起共沸作用和帮助除水。一旦反应进行至实质完成，过量醇可经由蒸发仪回收而剩余的烷基酯反应产品可以加以洗涤和干燥。
作为第二组分，本申请的助剂共混物也包括非离子表面活性剂。如本文所用，非离子表面活性剂涉及一种非离子表面活性剂，具有HLB的范围是约5至约20，优选约7至约14；或者两种或更多种非离子表面活性剂的混合物，具有按照上述值的加权平均HLB。所述非离子表面活性剂是本领域普通技术人员熟知的并且包括烷氧基化的C8-20醇和烷基酚类。烷氧基化的醇可以是乙氧基化的醇、丙氧基化的醇和/或乙氧基化的/丙氧基化的醇的混合物。存在表面活性剂目录，其列出许多这些常规非离子表面活性剂将其各自的HLB值，可以参照它们来选择非离子表面活性剂。
用于制备本文所用的非离子表面活性剂的适宜化学过程包括相应直链或支化的醇与氧化烯烃以所希望的比例缩合。从而，醇用作引发剂分子，而氧化烯烃或氧化烯烃的混合物聚合在引发剂分子上以形成第一嵌段。此后，第二氧化烯烃或氧化烯烃的混合物能够任选地加入以形成第二嵌段。还能够加入第三嵌段和随后的嵌段。另选地，适于用作非离子表面活性剂的多种烷氧基化的醇可商购自各种供应商。
优选用于本文的包括衍生自月桂醇，鲸蜡醇，油醇，硬脂醇，异硬脂醇，肉豆蔻醇，山萮醇及其混合物的聚环氧乙烷醚。此外，聚氧乙烯10鲸蜡基醚，已知CTFA名为鲸蜡醇聚醚-10；聚氧乙烯(21)硬脂基醚，已知CTFA名为硬脂醇聚醚-21；椰烷基聚乙氧基化物(6.5)；癸基聚乙氧基化物(6)；还可以使用及其混合物。
可以使用的可商购非离子表面活性剂的实例包括下述之一或下述任意的混合物：可获自Huntsman公司的表面活性剂L12-6，L12-8，L24-2，L24-3，L24-4，L24-5，L24-7，L24-9，L24-12,L24-22，LSF 23-9和L46-7。其它实例包括15S9表面活性剂(DowChemical公司)，和91-823-9，45-9表面活性剂(Shell Chemicals)。所述表面活性剂的其它商业来源可以参见McCutcheon的EMULSIFIERS AND DETERGENTS,North AmericanEdition,2000,McCutcheon Division,MC Publishing Company，通过援引并入本文。
任选地，下文公开的助剂共混物和/或农药配制剂可以还包括配制辅剂比如：阴离子表面活性剂，例如脂肪酸的盐，烷基硫酸盐/酯，烷基醚磺酸盐/酯和烷基芳基磺酸盐/酯；阳离子表面活性剂，例如伯胺盐，二胺盐，季铵盐，和乙氧基化的胺；两性和两性离子表面活性剂，例如烷基内铵盐，胺氧化物，聚羧酸酯，烷基氨基丙酸，烷基亚氨基丙酸，咪唑啉羧酸盐，磺基内铵盐，和磺基甜菜碱；乳化剂，例如烷基聚糖苷，脂肪醇或脂肪醇多元醇醚；和铺展剂，例如二甲基聚硅氧烷，甲基苯基聚硅氧烷，环状有机硅和氨基-、脂肪酸-、醇-、聚醚-、环氧-、氟-、糖苷-和/或烷基-修饰的有机硅化合物。
其它任选的配制辅剂可以包括：防腐剂，用以中和pH的无机或有机酸，澄清剂比如丙二醇，稳定剂，润湿剂，防冻剂，消泡剂，染料，增稠剂，和无机盐，防飘剂，影响水分的物质(保湿剂)，肥料比如硫酸铵、脲或复合肥料，例如基于磷、钾碱和氮的复合肥料，比如P,K,N肥料，UV稳定剂，溶剂，例如极性溶剂比如水或醇，或非极性溶剂比如饱和或不饱和的脂族溶剂，其可以是支化的或未支化的，或芳族溶剂。
配制助剂共混物
为了制备本申请的助剂共混物，提供上文公开的单独组分并通过常规方法一起组合，例如通过在任意适宜器皿或容器中，优选在室温下溶解或乳化单独组分来混合。选择各组分的相对水平以提供需要的效能，使得一方面组分以足够有效的水平存在，但另一方面通过限制组分的上限避免成本过度。混合各组分的次序不是特别重要的，和一般能够按顺序加入或一次全部加入单独组分。
从而，在一种实施方式中，将得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和非离子表面活性剂一起组合以形成助剂共混物，其烷基酯与非离子表面活性剂的重量比的范围是约4:1至约24:1；在又一实施方式中范围是约7:1至约19:1；和在又一实施方式中范围是约11:1至约15:1。
根据其它实施方式，助剂共混物包括(i)至少约80％重量的得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和(ii)至少约3％重量的非离子表面活性剂，其中％重量基于助剂共混物的总重量。在又一实施方式中，助剂共混物包括(i)至少约85％重量的得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和(ii)至少约5％重量的非离子表面活性剂，其中％重量基于助剂共混物的总重量。
在又一实施方式中，助剂共混物包括(i)小于约97％重量的得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和(ii)小于约15％重量的非离子表面活性剂，其中％重量基于助剂共混物的总重量。在又一实施方式中，助剂共混物包括(i)小于约95％重量的得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和(ii)小于约12％重量的非离子表面活性剂，其中％重量基于助剂共混物的总重量。
在又一实施方式中，助剂共混物包括(i)约80-97％重量的得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和(ii)约3-20％重量的非离子表面活性剂，其中％重量基于助剂共混物的总重量。在又一实施方式中，助剂共混物包括(i)约87-95％重量的得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和(ii)约5-13％重量的非离子表面活性剂，其中％重量基于助剂共混物的总重量。
农药配制剂
本申请的又一目的涉及包含农药和上文所述助剂共混物的农药配制剂。农药配制剂可以用于处理靶标基底比如上文公开的那些当中和可以呈共配制剂(co-formulation)或桶混形式。本申请描述的助剂共混物并不限于与任何特别类型的农药一起使用。本申请所述技术的农药配制剂能够包含农药或农药的混合物。
根据本申请的农药配制剂能够通过常规过程制备，例如通过研磨、溶解或分散单独组分来混合，优选在室温下进行。如果存在其它配制辅剂，则它们优选类似地在室温下掺入。通常，加入单独组分的顺序并不是决定性地重要的。此外，根据本申请的农药配制剂的助剂共混物和农药可以一起存在于能够以常规方式施用的即用包装中，例如呈喷雾混合物形式；或者助剂共混物和农药能够分开地配制于其自身的包装中并在使用前加至喷雾槽。从而，在优选实施方式中，上文公开的助剂共混物可以配制于容器中，例如于钢、锡或铝罐，塑料或玻璃瓶和纸容器或卡纸板容器中，以产生桶混助剂。然后，桶混助剂可以用来在施用之前构成喷雾混合物；从而喷雾混合物包括桶混助剂、农药和喷雾用水或其它溶剂。
在一种实施方式中，农药包括用于预防、毁坏、驱避或缓和病虫害的任何化学或生物学试剂(也即"活性成分")。从而，在一种具体实施方式中，农药是杀真菌剂，除草剂，杀昆虫剂，杀藻剂，杀软体动物剂，杀螨剂，杀鼠剂，或昆虫驱避剂。
根据一种实施方式，农药是杀真菌剂。杀真菌剂的实例包括但不限于：嘧菌酯，肟菌酯，醚菌酯，噁唑菌酮，苯氧菌胺和啶氧菌酯，多菌灵，噻菌灵，烯酰吗啉，乙烯菌核利，异菌脲，二硫代氨基甲酸盐/酯，抑霉唑，咪鲜胺，氟喹唑，氟环唑，粉唑醇，氧环唑，联苯三唑醇，糠菌唑，环丙唑醇，苯醚甲环唑，己唑醇，多效唑，丙环唑，戊唑醇，三唑酮，灭菌唑，丁苯吗啉，十三吗啉，苯锈啶，代森锰锌，代森联，百菌清，福美双，福美锌，敌菌丹，克菌丹，灭菌丹，氟啶胺，氟酰胺，萎锈灵，甲霜灵，乙嘧酚磺酸酯，乙嘧酚，二甲苯氧菌胺，氟嘧菌酯，肟醚菌胺，苯氧菌胺，丙硫菌唑，8-(2,6-二乙基-4-甲基-苯基)四氢吡唑并[1,2-d][1,4,5]氧杂二氮杂-7,9-二酮，2,2,-二甲基-丙酸-8-(2,6-二乙基-4-甲基-苯基)-9-氧代-1,2,4,5-四氢-9H-吡唑并-[1,2d][1,4,5]氧杂二氮杂7-基酯和甲霜灵。
在又一实施方式中，农药是除草剂。除草剂的实例包括但不限于：吡氟禾草灵，硝磺草酮，氟磺胺草醚，三甲苯草酮，敌草胺，双甲脒，敌稗，嘧菌环胺，嘧霉胺，氯硝胺，四氯硝基苯，甲基立枯磷，麦草氟M，2,4-D，2甲4氯，2甲4氯丙酸，炔草酯，氰氟草酯，禾草灵，氟吡禾灵，精喹禾灵，吲哚-3-基乙酸，1-萘基乙酸，异噁酰草胺，牧草胺，氯酞酸二甲基，苯菌灵，呋草黄，麦草畏，敌草腈，草除灵，咪唑嗪，啶蜱脲，氟苯脲，甜菜宁，乙草胺，甲草胺，异丙甲草胺，丙草胺，噻吩草胺，禾草灭，丁苯草酮，烯草酮，环草酮(cyclodim)，烯禾啶，吡喃草酮，二甲戊灵，特乐酚，甲羧除草醚，乙氧氟草醚，三氟羧草醚，乙羧氟草醚-乙酯，溴苯腈，碘苯腈，咪草酸-甲酯，咪唑烟酸，咪唑喹啉酸，咪唑乙烟酸，甲咪唑烟酸，甲氧咪草烟，丙炔氟草胺，氟烯草酸-戊酯，氨氯吡啶酸，酰嘧磺隆，氯磺隆，烟嘧磺隆，砜嘧磺隆，醚苯磺隆，野麦畏，克草敌，苄草丹，禾草敌，莠去津，西玛津，氰草津，莠灭净，扑草净，特丁津，特丁净，磺草酮，异丙隆，利谷隆，非草隆，绿麦隆，甲氧隆，N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸及其盐(草甘膦)，草铵膦酸(glufosinate)，矮壮素，百草枯，敌草快，三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)，氟磺胺草醚，硝磺草酮和非草隆。
在又一实施方式中，农药是杀昆虫剂。杀昆虫剂的实例包括但不限于：阿维菌素，乙酰甲胺磷，啶虫脒，氟丙菊酯，棉铃威，涕灭威，烯丙菊酯，α-氯氰菊酯，双甲脒，磺草灵，印楝素，甲基吡噁磷，益棉磷，保棉磷，噁虫威，丙硫克百威，杀虫磺，高效氟氯氰菊酯，高效氯氰菊酯，联苯菊酯，生物烯丙菊酯，生物苄呋菊酯，双三氟虫脲，硼砂，噻嗪酮，丁酮砜威，硫线磷，甲萘威，克百威，氯苯胺灵，噻虫胺，氟氯氰菊酯，氯氟氰菊酯，氯氰菊酯，溴氰菊酯，乙霉威，除虫脲，呋虫胺，甲氨基阿维菌素，硫丹，苯氧威，倍硫磷，氰戊菊酯，氟虫腈，苄螨醚，七氯，氟蚁腙，吡虫啉，炔咪菊酯，异丙威，高效氯氟氰菊酯，甲胺磷，甲硫威，灭多威，烯啶虫胺，氧乐果，氯菊酯，抗蚜威，甲基嘧啶磷，残杀威，虫酰肼，噻虫嗪，硫双威，杀铃脲，和灭杀威。
在又一实施方式中，农药是杀藻剂。杀藻剂的实例包括但不限于：bethoxazin，二辛酸铜，硫酸铜，cybutryne，二氯萘醌，双氯酚，茵多酸，三苯锡，消石灰，代森钠，灭藻醌，quinonamid，西玛津，乙酸三苯基锡，和氢氧化三苯基锡。
在又一实施方式中，农药是杀软体动物剂。杀软体动物剂的实例包括但不限于：四聚乙醛，甲硫威和硫酸铝。
在又一实施方式中，农药是杀螨剂。杀螨剂的实例包括但不限于：抗生素杀螨剂，氨基甲酸酯杀螨剂，甲脒杀螨剂，螨生长调节剂，有机氯，氯菊酯和有机磷酸酯杀螨剂。
在又一实施方式中，农药是杀鼠剂。杀啮齿类剂的实例包括但不限于：2-异戊酰茚满-1,3-二酮，4-(喹喔啉-2-基氨基)苯磺酰胺，α-氯醇，磷化铝，anta，氧化砷，碳酸钡，双鼠脲(bisthiosemi)，溴鼠灵，溴敌隆，溴鼠胺，氰化钙，氯醛糖(chloralose)，氯鼠酮，胆钙化醇，氯灭鼠灵，克鼠灵，杀鼠醚，鼠立死，鼠得克，噻鼠灵，敌鼠，麦角钙化醇(ergocalciferol)，氟鼠灵，氟乙酰胺，氟鼠啶，氟鼠啶盐酸盐，林丹，六六六，氰化氢，碘甲烷，林丹，磷化镁，溴甲烷，鼠特灵，毒鼠磷，膦，磷，鼠完，亚砷酸钾，灭鼠优，红海葱素(scilliroside)，亚砷酸钠，氰化钠，氟乙酸钠，马钱子碱，硫酸亚铊，杀鼠灵，和磷化锌。
在额外的实施方式中，农药是昆虫驱避剂。昆虫驱避剂的实例包括但不限于：2-乙基-1,3-己二醇；N-辛基二环庚烯二甲酰亚胺；N,N-二乙基-M-甲苯酰胺；2,3:4,5-二(2-亚丁基)四氢-2-糠醛；异辛可部酸二正丙基酯；和2-羟基乙基-正辛基硫醚。
包括在本申请农药配制剂中的农药的量根据许多参数变化，比如待处理的靶标基底，待处理的面积等。通常，约5克至约4千克每公顷(g/ha)的农药施用率可以是适宜的。农药配制剂中助剂共混物的量可以是约0.01-99％重量，基于农药配制剂总重量。
因此，本申请助剂共混物可以用于常规农业方法当中。例如，农药或农药的混合物和助剂共混物可以与水或其它溶剂和/或肥料混合，并在出苗后通过任何手段比如飞行器喷雾槽、背负式喷雾槽、畜载滴药桶、地面喷雾所用的农场设备(例如喷管式喷雾器、手动喷雾器)等施用至希望的靶标基底。
根据又一实施方式中，本申请描述的技术提供灭除或抑制或驱避病虫害的方法，包括下述步骤：以农药有效量提供农药或农药的混合物；提供有效量的助剂共混物，将农药或农药的混合物与助剂共混物组合以制备农药配制剂，和将农药配制剂与病虫害接触。
尽管制备和使用本发明各种实施方式已在上文详加描述，应认识到本发明提供了能够体现在各式各样的特定上下文中的许多可行的创造性概念。本文讨论的特定实施方式仅示例制备和使用本发明的特定方式，但并不界定本发明的范围。
Claims (16)
1.助剂共混物，包含(i)得自酸化的皂料与C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯；和(ii)非离子表面活性剂。
2.根据权利要求1的助剂共混物，其中所述C3-C20醇是直链或支化的醇。
3.根据权利要求2的助剂共混物，其中所述C3-C20醇选自丙醇，异丙醇，异丁醇，正丁醇，乙二醇，甘油，1,3-丙二醇，1,4-丁烷二醇，1,5-戊烷二醇，1,6-己烷二醇，1,7-庚二醇，频哪醇，季戊四醇，三羟甲基甲烷，和山梨糖醇。
4.根据权利要求2的助剂共混物，其中所述C3-C20醇是正丁醇，乙二醇或2-乙基己醇。
5.根据权利要求1的助剂共混物，其中所述非离子表面活性剂具有范围是约5至约20的HLB。
6.根据权利要求1的助剂共混物，其中所述非离子表面活性剂是烷氧基化的C8-20醇或烷基酚。
7.根据权利要求1的助剂共混物，其中所述助剂共混物还包含选自阴离子表面活性剂，阳离子表面活性剂，两性表面活性剂，两性离子表面活性剂，乳化剂，铺展剂，防腐剂，无机或有机酸，澄清剂，稳定剂，润湿剂，防冻剂，消泡剂，染料，增稠剂，无机盐，防飘剂，保湿剂，肥料UV稳定剂和溶剂的一种或多种配制辅剂。
8.制备助剂共混物的方法，包括：(a)提供得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯；(b)提供非离子表面活性剂；(c)组合烷基酯和非离子表面活性剂以形成所述助剂共混物。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其中所述得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯和所述非离子表面活性剂以约4:1至约24:1的烷基酯与非离子表面活性剂的重量比组合。
10.根据权利要求9的方法，其中至少约85％重量的得自酸化的皂料和C3-C20醇反应的烷基酯与至少约5％重量的非离子表面活性剂相组合，其中％重量基于助剂共混物的总重量。
11.农药配制剂，包含农药或农药的混合物和根据权利要求1的助剂共混物。
12.根据权利要求11的农药配制剂，其中所述农药是杀真菌剂，除草剂，杀昆虫剂，杀藻剂，杀软体动物剂，杀螨剂，杀鼠剂或昆虫驱避剂。
13.根据权利要求11的农药配制剂，其中所述农药配制剂还包含选自阴离子表面活性剂，阳离子表面活性剂，两性表面活性剂，两性离子表面活性剂，乳化剂，铺展剂，防腐剂，无机或有机酸，澄清剂，稳定剂，润湿剂，防冻剂，消泡剂，染料，增稠剂，无机盐，防飘剂，保湿剂，肥料UV稳定剂和溶剂的一种或多种配制辅剂。
14.包含根据权利要求1的助剂共混物的容器。
15.包含农药、根据权利要求1的助剂共混物和喷雾用水或其它溶剂的喷雾混合物。
16.用于灭除或抑制或驱避病虫害的方法，包括下述步骤：以农药有效量提供农药或农药的混合物；提供有效量的根据权利要求1的助剂共混物，将农药或农药的混合物与助剂共混物组合以制备农药配制剂，并且将农药配制剂与病虫害接触。
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- 2013-08-26 WO PCT/US2013/056601 patent/WO2014039305A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-26 US US14/380,091 patent/US20150181864A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-26 CN CN201380016702.2A patent/CN104202974A/zh active Pending
- 2013-08-26 EP EP13834411.4A patent/EP2892338A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-08-26 MX MX2014011714A patent/MX2014011714A/es unknown
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- 2013-09-05 AR ARP130103156A patent/AR092450A1/es unknown
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108347920A (zh) * | 2015-08-04 | 2018-07-31 | 罗地亚经营管理公司 | 农业辅助剂组合物以及使用此类组合物的方法 |
| CN108347920B (zh) * | 2015-08-04 | 2022-04-26 | 罗地亚经营管理公司 | 农业辅助剂组合物以及使用此类组合物的方法 |
| CN107094760A (zh) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-29 | 安徽扬子化工有限公司 | 一种杀虫剂用助剂 |
| CN108293990A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-20 | 安徽农业大学 | 一种农药喷雾专用增效剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN108293990B (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-02-12 | 安徽农业大学 | 一种农药喷雾专用增效剂及其制备方法与应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR092450A1 (es) | 2015-04-22 |
| WO2014039305A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
| AU2013313150A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
| AU2013313150B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
| JP2015533793A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
| US20150181864A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
| EP2892338A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
| CA2866328A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
| EP2892338A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
| MX2014011714A (es) | 2015-02-04 |
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