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CN104501333B - Off-grid type PV air-conditioner system and its method for controlling power supply - Google Patents

Off-grid type PV air-conditioner system and its method for controlling power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104501333B
CN104501333B CN201410758001.2A CN201410758001A CN104501333B CN 104501333 B CN104501333 B CN 104501333B CN 201410758001 A CN201410758001 A CN 201410758001A CN 104501333 B CN104501333 B CN 104501333B
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Prior art keywords
power
voltage
photovoltaic array
converter
air conditioner
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CN104501333A (en
Inventor
吴志鹏
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GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd
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Guangdong Midea Refrigeration Equipment Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of method for controlling power supply of off-grid type PV air-conditioner system, and off-grid type PV air-conditioner system includes photovoltaic array, batteries and air-conditioner, and method for controlling power supply is comprised the following steps：Judge the working condition of photovoltaic array and air-conditioner；When photovoltaic array is in power supply state and air-conditioner starts, the power output of photovoltaic array is obtained；Judge whether power output matches with the demand power that air-conditioner normally runs；If power output is mismatched with demand power, control photovoltaic array and batteries and behavior air-conditioner are powered.The method for controlling power supply of off-grid type PV air-conditioner system of the invention, can improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic array, in the case of illumination is undesirable, it is ensured that enough power is supplied to air-conditioner, and then air-conditioner can not reduce power grade, maintain normal operation.The present invention also proposes a kind of off-grid type PV air-conditioner system.

Description

Off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system and power supply control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric appliances, in particular to an off-grid photovoltaic air-conditioning system and a power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air-conditioning system.
Background
In remote areas where no power grid is erected or in isolated islands far from the sea shore, if household appliances such as air conditioners are used, photovoltaic air conditioning systems with storage batteries are often adopted. The household air conditioner is supplied with electricity through the photovoltaic array in the daytime, and when the air conditioner does not work, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is stored in the storage battery to be used at night or in rainy days.
However, in practical applications, due to the cost limitation, the capacity of the storage battery is generally not too large, and even basically less than the power capacity required when the air conditioner is normally operated. Therefore, when the storage battery is used for supplying power alone, the air conditioner can only be operated at a lower power level. In addition, in the related scheme, once the output power of the photovoltaic array becomes small and is insufficient to support the operation requirement of the air conditioner, the output of the photovoltaic array is cut off to be supplied with power by the storage battery, and the operation power level of the air conditioner is easily low due to the fact that the power is supplied by the storage battery alone. At this moment, the photovoltaic array is still in a power generation state, and is not well utilized, so that the utilization rate of the photovoltaic array is reduced, and particularly, the photovoltaic power generation system is switched between frequent startup and shutdown in cloudy days with strong illumination changes, and the stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems to a certain extent. Therefore, the invention needs to provide a power supply control method for an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system, which can improve the utilization rate of a photovoltaic array, and can ensure that enough power is supplied to an air conditioner under the condition of unsatisfactory illumination, so that the air conditioner can maintain normal operation without reducing the power level.
The invention further provides an off-grid photovoltaic array air conditioning system.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a power supply control method for an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system, where the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system includes a photovoltaic power supply device, a storage battery, and an air conditioner, where the photovoltaic power supply device includes a photovoltaic array, and the power supply control method includes: judging the working states of the photovoltaic array and the air conditioner; when the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is started, acquiring the output power of the photovoltaic array; judging whether the output power is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner; and if the output power does not match the required power, controlling the photovoltaic array and the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel.
According to the power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system, when the output power of the photovoltaic array is not matched with the required power of the normal operation of the air conditioner, for example, when the illumination intensity is weak, the storage battery pack and the photovoltaic array are used for supplying power to the air conditioner in parallel, and the requirement of the operation power is met, so that the air conditioner does not need to operate at a reduced power level, the operation time of the air conditioner under the condition of strong weather change can be prolonged, and the operation stability of the air conditioner is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: and if the output power of the photovoltaic array is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner, controlling the photovoltaic array to supply power to the air conditioner.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: and if the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is in a shutdown state, controlling the photovoltaic array to charge the storage battery pack.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: and if the photovoltaic array is not in a power supply state, controlling the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner.
In addition, in some embodiments of the present invention, the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system further includes a DC/DC converter, and the power supply control method further includes: and controlling the DC/DC converter according to a sectional type variable step size Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control mode.
Controlling the DC/DC converter according to a sectional type variable-step Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control mode, and specifically comprising the following steps: acquiring the current input current and input voltage of the DC/DC converter and the current output voltage; calculating the current output power of the photovoltaic array and calculating the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the last moment; judging whether the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than a first voltage threshold value; if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than a first voltage threshold, further judging whether the power difference is larger than zero; if the power difference is larger than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a first voltage, wherein the first voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a first change value; and if the power difference is smaller than or equal to zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by the first change value.
If the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and smaller than a second voltage threshold and the power difference is greater than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a third voltage, wherein the third voltage is greater than the current output voltage by a second change value;
and if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and smaller than the second voltage threshold and the power difference is smaller than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a fourth voltage, wherein the fourth voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by the second change value.
If the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is larger than or equal to a second voltage threshold and the power difference is larger than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a fifth voltage, wherein the fifth voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a third change value;
and if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold and the power difference is less than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to a sixth voltage, wherein the second voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by the third change value.
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first variation value is 1/2 of the absolute value of the power difference between the current output power of the photovoltaic array and the output power at the previous time, the second variation value is 1/3 of the absolute value of the power difference, and the third variation value is 1/4 of the absolute value of the power difference.
The sectional variable-step MPPT method is adopted to control the DC/DC converter, so that the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array is quickly and accurately tracked, the output power of the photovoltaic array is maximized, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic array is improved.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention provides an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system, including: photovoltaic arrays and storage batteries; an air conditioner; and the controller acquires the working state of the photovoltaic array and the working state of the air conditioner, acquires the output power of the photovoltaic array when the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is started, judges whether the output power is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner or not, and controls the photovoltaic array and the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel when the output power is not matched with the required power.
According to the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the output power of the photovoltaic array is not matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner, for example, when the illumination intensity is weak, the controller controls the storage battery pack and the photovoltaic array to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel, so that the air conditioner does not need to operate at a reduced power level, the operation time of the air conditioner under the condition of strong weather change can be prolonged, and the operation stability of the air conditioner is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the controller is further configured to control the photovoltaic array to supply power to the air conditioner when the output power matches the required power.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the air conditioning system further includes: the DC/DC converter is respectively connected with the photovoltaic array and the controller, and the DC/DC converter boosts the output voltage of the photovoltaic array to supply power to the air conditioner.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the air conditioning system further includes: and the charge and discharge controller controls the storage battery pack to charge when the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is in a shutdown state, and controls the storage battery pack to discharge when the photovoltaic array is not in the power supply state.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the controller is further configured to control the DC/DC converter according to a segmented step-variable maximum power point tracking MPPT control manner.
The controller controls the DC/DC converter by adopting a sectional type variable step size MPPT method, so that the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array is quickly and accurately tracked, the output power of the photovoltaic array is maximized, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic array is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power supply control method of an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a power supply control method of an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for controlling a DC/DC converter according to a segmented variable step MPPT method according to another embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
An off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system 100,
a photovoltaic array 10, a battery pack 20, an air conditioner 30 and a controller 40,
a charge-discharge controller 50 and a DC/DC converter 60.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize the applicability of other processes and/or the use of other materials. In addition, the structure of a first feature described below as "on" a second feature may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features are formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, mechanically or electrically connected, or interconnected between two elements, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, and the specific meanings of the terms as described above will be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific situation.
These and other aspects of embodiments of the invention will be apparent with reference to the following description and attached drawings. In the description and drawings, particular embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in detail as being indicative of some of the ways in which the principles of the embodiments of the invention may be practiced, but it is understood that the scope of the embodiments of the invention is not limited correspondingly. On the contrary, the embodiments of the invention include all changes, modifications and equivalents coming within the spirit and terms of the claims appended hereto.
A power supply control method of an off-grid type photovoltaic air-conditioning system and the off-grid type photovoltaic air-conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, a power supply control method of an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power supply control method of an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system includes a photovoltaic array, a storage battery pack, and an air conditioner, and the air conditioner is a dc air conditioner, that is, the air conditioner supplies power to dc power, and as shown in fig. 1, the power supply control method includes the following steps:
and S1, judging the working states of the photovoltaic array and the air conditioner.
Specifically, whether the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state or a non-power supply state is judged, and whether the air conditioner is started or not is judged.
And S2, when the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is started, acquiring the output power of the photovoltaic array.
And S3, judging whether the output power is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner.
Specifically, the photovoltaic array may supply power to the dc air conditioner, the photovoltaic array outputs voltage to the dc bus, and the matching between the output power of the photovoltaic array and the required power of the normal operation of the air conditioner may be indirectly reflected by the voltage variation on the dc bus supplying power to the air conditioner, for example, the lower threshold of the voltage of the dc bus meeting the normal operation of the air conditioner is set to beReal-time monitoring voltage U on direct current busdcJudgment of UdcAndif it satisfies the relationship of (1)And if not, the output power of the photovoltaic array is not matched with the required power of the normal operation of the air conditioner.
And S4, if the output power does not match the required power, controlling the photovoltaic array and the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel.
Specifically, when the output power of the photovoltaic array cannot meet the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner, for example, when the light is weak or the weather is rainy, at the moment, the storage battery pack is controlled to discharge to supplement the insufficient output power of the photovoltaic array, that is, the photovoltaic array and the storage battery pack supply power to the air conditioner together, so that the power required by normal operation of the air conditioner is met, the air conditioner can operate without reducing the power, and the operation efficiency of the air conditioner is improved.
In addition, if the output power of the photovoltaic array is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner, the photovoltaic array is controlled to supply power to the air conditioner. For example, under the condition of sufficient illumination, the power output by the photovoltaic array can meet the normal operation of the air conditioner, and the photovoltaic array is controlled to independently supply power to the air conditioner, so that the operation of the air conditioner can be ensured.
And if the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is in a shutdown state, controlling the photovoltaic array to charge the storage battery pack. And if the photovoltaic array is not in a power supply state, controlling the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner.
As a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a process of a power supply control method according to an embodiment of the present invention basically includes:
and S10, detecting the power generation state of the photovoltaic array.
And S20, judging whether the photovoltaic array generates power.
If the photovoltaic array is in the power generating state, the step S30 is performed, otherwise, the step S40 is performed.
And S30, judging whether the air conditioner is started.
If the air conditioner is turned on, the step S50 is performed, otherwise, the step S60 is performed.
And S40, controlling the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner.
And S50, judging whether the output power of the photovoltaic array is matched with the required power of the normal operation of the air conditioner.
If so, step S70 is performed, otherwise step S80 is performed.
And S60, controlling the photovoltaic array to charge the storage battery pack.
And S70, controlling the photovoltaic array to supply power to the air conditioner.
And S80, controlling the photovoltaic array and the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel.
It can be seen that in the power supply control method of the embodiment of the invention, the storage battery pack not only serves as a backup power source when the photovoltaic array is not in the power supply state, but also can output the electric energy in the storage battery pack to the power supply system as a timely power supplement when the output power of the photovoltaic array does not meet the normal operation requirement of the air conditioner, for example, under the condition of weak illumination, so that the operation power level of the air conditioner can not be reduced.
In addition, the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system also comprises a DC/DC converter, in the power supply control method of the embodiment of the invention, in order to improve the utilization rate of the photovoltaic array, the DC/DC converter is controlled according to a sectional type variable step size Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control mode, and the voltage U on the direct current bus is adjusteddcThe output voltage of the photovoltaic array is indirectly adjusted, and therefore the purpose of tracking the maximum power point is achieved.
Specifically, in the control method according to the embodiment of the present invention, a sectional MPPT control method is adopted, and the output voltage of the DC/DC converter, that is, the voltage of the DC bus, is determined, so as to divide the disturbance step size into three stages, as shown in fig. 3, the control process of the sectional variable-step-size maximum power point tracking MPPT control method basically includes:
and S100, acquiring the current input current and input voltage of the DC/DC converter and the current output voltage.
That is, the output current and output voltage of the pv array and the dc bus voltage are collected, for example, the output current ipv (k), output voltage upv (k) and dc bus voltage udc (k) output by the pv array at time k are collected.
S200, calculating the current output power of the photovoltaic array, and calculating the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the last moment.
For example, the current output power of the photovoltaic array is, for example: ppv (ipv (k) × upv (k)), and a power difference, which is a power conversion amount between the current output power and the output power at the previous time, is: Δ Ppv (k) ═ Ppv (k) — Ppv (k-1).
And S300, judging whether the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than a first voltage threshold value.
The DC/DC converter boosts the voltage output by the photovoltaic array, so that the converted voltage is in the voltage range in which the air conditioner can normally work and is output to the direct current bus, namely, the voltage U of the direct current bus is judgeddcE.g. whether udc (k) is less thanWherein,the set maximum value of the direct current bus voltage is obtained. If the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter is less than a first voltage threshold, e.g.Step S400 is performed and if the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold, step S700 is performed.
S400, further judging whether the power difference is larger than zero.
That is, it is determined whether Δ ppv (k) >0 is satisfied, and if the power difference is larger than zero, step S500 is performed, and if the power difference is smaller than or equal to zero, step S600 is performed.
And S500, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be the first voltage.
Wherein the first voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a first variation value, specifically, the first variation value may be 1/2 of the absolute value of the power difference between the current output power of the photovoltaic array and the output power at the previous moment, that is, the DC/DC converter sets the given voltage value at the next moment, for example, at the moment of k +1, as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)+ΔPpv(k)/2。
And S600, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a second voltage.
WhereinThe second voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by a first variation value, that is, the DC/DC converter sets the given voltage value at the next moment to be Udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)-|ΔPpv(k)|/2。
And S700, judging whether the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than a second voltage threshold value.
For example, it is determined whether the DC bus voltage udc (k) is satisfiedIf not, step S1000 is performed, otherwise, if the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter, i.e. the bus voltage, is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold, e.g.And is less than a second voltage threshold, e.g.Step S400 is executed, i.e. it is further determined whether the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the previous moment is greater than zero, if the power difference is greater than zero, step S800 is executed, and if the power difference is less than zero, step S900 is executed.
And S800, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a third voltage.
Wherein the third voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a second variation value, specifically, the second variation value may be 1/3 of the absolute value of the power difference, that is, the DC/DC converter sets the given voltage value at the next time, for example, at the time of k +1, as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)+ΔPpv(k)/3。
And S900, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to a fourth voltage.
Wherein the fourth voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by a second variation value, that is, the DC/DC converter sets the given voltage value at the next time, for example, at the time of k +1, as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)-|ΔPpv(k)|/3。
And S1000, if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold and the power difference is greater than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a fifth voltage.
For example, if the bus voltage udc (k) is satisfiedI.e. the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold, e.g.It is further determined whether the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the previous time is greater than zero. If the power difference is larger than zero, the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment is adjusted to a fifth voltage, which is larger than the current output voltage by a third variation value, specifically, the third variation value is 1/4 of the absolute value of the power difference, that is, the DC/DC converter sets the given voltage value at the next moment, for example, at the moment of k +1 as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)+ΔPpv(k)/4。
And S1100, if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold and the power difference is less than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a sixth voltage.
Wherein, the second voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by a third variation value, that is, the DC/DC converter sets the given voltage value at the next moment, for example, at the moment k +1, as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)-|ΔPpv(k)|/4。
The method has the advantages that the oscillation phenomenon caused by poor coordination of direct MPPT control and voltage feedback control of the DC/DC converter is not easy to cause, the contradiction between the tracking speed and the tracking precision of the traditional perturbation and observation type MPPT mode can be effectively solved, and the oscillation phenomenon of the traditional mode at a power fixed point can be improved.
In summary, according to the power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system in the embodiment of the invention, when the output power of the photovoltaic array is not matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner, for example, when the light illumination is weak, the storage battery pack and the photovoltaic array are used for supplying power to the air conditioner in parallel, so that the air conditioner does not need to operate at a reduced power level, the operation duration of the air conditioner under the condition of strong weather change can be prolonged, and the operation stability of the air conditioner can be improved. In addition, the DC/DC converter is controlled by adopting a sectional type variable step size MPPT method, the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array is quickly and accurately tracked, the output power of the photovoltaic array is maximized, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic array is improved.
An off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system proposed according to another aspect embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system 100 includes a photovoltaic array 10, a battery pack 20, an air conditioner 30, and a controller 40.
The photovoltaic array 10 may be installed outdoors, such as on a roof, to convert solar energy into electrical energy to provide dc power to the entire photovoltaic air conditioning system, and the air conditioner 30 is a dc air conditioner to provide cooling or heating functions for the main load of the entire off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system 100.
The battery pack 20 can store surplus electric energy of the photovoltaic array 10 and discharge the electric energy when appropriate, so as to maintain the operation of the dc air conditioner, fully utilize the output capacity of the photovoltaic array and ensure the continuous operation of the air conditioner 30.
The controller 40 obtains the operating state of the photovoltaic array 10 and the operating state of the air conditioner 30, obtains the output power of the photovoltaic array 10 when the photovoltaic array 10 is in the power supply state and the air conditioner 30 is started, and judges whether the output power is equal to the required power of the normal operation of the air conditionerThe rates are matched. Specifically, the photovoltaic array 10 may supply power to a dc air conditioner, the photovoltaic array 10 outputs voltage to a dc bus, and the matching between the output power of the photovoltaic array 10 and the required power of the air conditioner 30 during normal operation may be indirectly reflected by the voltage variation on the dc bus supplying power to the air conditioner 30, for example, the lower threshold of the voltage of the dc bus satisfying the normal operation of the air conditioner 30 is set to beController 40 monitors voltage U on the dc bus in real timedcJudgment of UdcAndif it satisfies the relationship of (1)The power output by the photovoltaic array 10 is matched with the required power of the air conditioner 30 in normal operation, otherwise, the power output by the photovoltaic array 10 is not matched with the required power of the air conditioner 30 in normal operation.
When the output power of the photovoltaic array 10 does not match the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner 30, the controller 40 controls the photovoltaic array 10 and the storage battery pack 20 to supply power to the air conditioner 30 in parallel. Specifically, when the output power of the photovoltaic array 10 cannot meet the power requirement for normal operation of the air conditioner 30, for example, when the light is weak or it rains in cloudy days, at this time, the controller 40 controls the storage battery pack 20 to discharge, as a supplement to the shortage of the output power of the photovoltaic array 10, that is, the photovoltaic array 10 and the storage battery pack 20 supply power to the air conditioner 30 together, so as to meet the power requirement for normal operation of the air conditioner 30, so that the air conditioner 30 can operate without reducing power, and the operation efficiency of the air conditioner 30 is improved.
It can be seen that the storage battery pack 20 not only serves as a backup power source when the photovoltaic array 10 is not in the power supply state, but also can output the electric energy in the storage battery pack 20 to the power supply system as a timely power supplement when the output power of the photovoltaic array 101 does not meet the requirement of normal operation of the air conditioner 30, for example, under the condition of weak illumination, so as to ensure that the operating power level of the air conditioner 30 is not reduced.
In addition, the controller 40 is also used for controlling the photovoltaic array 10 to supply power to the air conditioner 30 when the output power is matched with the required power. For example, in the case of sufficient illumination, the power output by the photovoltaic array 10 may satisfy the normal operation of the air conditioner 30, and then the controller 40 controls the photovoltaic array 10 to supply power to the air conditioner 30 alone, that is, the operation of the air conditioner 30 may be ensured.
The off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system 100 further includes a charge and discharge controller 50, and the charge and discharge controller 50 is configured to charge and discharge the battery pack 20. The charge and discharge controller 50 controls the charge or discharge of the storage battery pack 20 according to the operating states of the photovoltaic array 10 and the dc air conditioner. For example, when the photovoltaic array 10 is in a power supply state and the air conditioner 30 is in a power off state, the charge-discharge controller 50 controls the storage battery pack 20 to be charged, that is, when the air conditioner 30 is not suitable for electric energy, the photovoltaic array 10 outputs electric energy to charge the storage battery pack 20. When the photovoltaic array 10 is not in a power supply state, the storage battery pack 20 is controlled to discharge, namely, when the photovoltaic array 10 cannot work, the air conditioner 30 is powered by the storage battery pack 20.
Further, the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system 100 further includes a DC/DC converter 60, the DC/DC converter 60 is respectively connected to the photovoltaic array 10 and the controller 40, and the DC/DC converter 60 boosts the output voltage of the photovoltaic array 10 to power the air conditioner 30. The DC/DC converter 60 performs a step-up conversion on the low-voltage direct current output by the photovoltaic array 10 and/or the battery pack 20, so that the converted voltage is within a voltage range in which the air conditioner 30 normally operates, and is maintained within the range, and since the voltage output by the photovoltaic array 10 fluctuates and changes with the change of the pre-illumination degree, the DC/DC converter 60 has a voltage stabilizing function.
Briefly, as shown in fig. 4, one end of the charge and discharge controller 50 is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic array 10, the other end of the charge and discharge controller 50 is connected to the storage battery 20, the DC/DC converter 60 is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic array 10, the output of the DC/DC converter 60 is connected to the air conditioner 30, and the controller 40 monitors the operating states of the photovoltaic array 10, the storage battery 20, the charge and discharge controller 50 and the air conditioner 30, and sends out a corresponding control command to control the charge and discharge controller 50 and the DC/DC converter 60 to perform corresponding actions, so as to maximize the utilization rate of the photovoltaic array 10 and ensure the normal operation of the air conditioner 30. The controller 40 includes a program for controlling the switching between the power supply mode and the parallel power supply mode between the photovoltaic array 10 and the storage battery pack 20, and can make an optimal selection according to different working states of the photovoltaic air-conditioning system 100, so as to improve the operating power level of the air conditioner 30, thereby achieving the purpose of maximizing the efficiency of the photovoltaic air-conditioning system 100.
To provide for utilization of the photovoltaic array 10, in one embodiment of the present invention, the controller 40 controls the DC/DC converter 60 according to a segmented variable step maximum power point tracking, MPPT, control scheme. The controller 40 collects the input voltage, the input current and the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60, i.e. the voltage output to the DC bus, and then controls the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 by the sectional step-variable MPPT control algorithm, so as to maximize the output power of the photovoltaic array 10. The variable-step MPPT control mode can effectively solve the problem of imbalance between the tracking precision and the tracking speed of the traditional fixed-step MPPT method, and can effectively relieve the oscillation phenomenon of the traditional method at the top of a power curve.
Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the controller 40 adopts a segmented MPPT control method, and the disturbance step size is divided into three stages by determining the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60, that is, the voltage on the DC bus, and the specific control process is as follows:
first, the present input current and input voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 and the present output voltage are obtained. That is, the output current and the output voltage of the photovoltaic array 10 and the dc bus voltage are collected, for example, the output current ipv (k), the output voltage upv (k) and the dc bus voltage udc (k) output by the photovoltaic array at the time k are collected.
Secondly, calculating the current output power of the photovoltaic array, and calculating the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the previous moment, for example, the current output power of the photovoltaic array 10 is, for example: ppv (ipv (k) × upv (k)), and a power difference, which is a power conversion amount between the current output power and the output power at the previous time, is: Δ Ppv (k) ═ Ppv (k) — Ppv (k-1).
Again, it is determined whether the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 is less than the first voltage threshold, that is, the DC bus voltage U is determineddcE.g. whether udc (k) is less thanWherein,the set maximum value of the direct current bus voltage is obtained. If the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 is less than the first voltage threshold, for exampleFurther judging whether the power difference is larger than zero, namely judging whether delta Ppv (k) is satisfied>0, if the power difference is larger than zero, the controller 40 adjusts the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 at the next timing to the first voltage. Wherein the first voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a first variation value, specifically, the first variation value may be 1/2 of the absolute value of the power difference between the current output power of the photovoltaic array 10 and the output power at the previous moment, that is, the DC/DC converter 60 sets the given voltage value at the next moment, for example, at the moment k +1 as: udc*(k +1) ═ udc (k) + Δ ppv (k)/2. If the power difference is less than or equal to zero, the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 at the next time is adjusted to the second voltage. Wherein the second voltage is smaller than the present output voltage by a first variation value, that is, the controller 40 controls the DC/DC converter 60 to set the voltage set value at the next moment to Udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)-|ΔPpv(k)|/2。
In addition, if the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and less than the second voltage thresholdThe value is obtained. For example, the DC bus voltage udc (k) is judged to satisfyAnd whether the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the previous time is greater than zero, the controller 40 controls the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 at the next time to be adjusted to the third voltage. Wherein the third voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a second variation value, specifically, the second variation value may be 1/3 of the absolute value of the power difference, that is, the DC/DC converter 60 sets the voltage given value at the next time, for example, at the time of k +1, as: udc*(k +1) ═ udc (k) + Δ ppv (k)/3. If the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the previous time is less than or equal to zero, the output voltage at the next time of the DC/DC converter 60 is adjusted to the fourth voltage. Wherein the fourth voltage is smaller than the present output voltage by the second variation value, that is, the DC/DC converter 60 sets the given voltage value at the next time, for example, at the time k +1, as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)-|ΔPpv(k)|/3。
In addition, if the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold and the power difference is greater than zero, the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 at the next time is adjusted to the fifth voltage. For example, if the bus voltage udc (k) is satisfiedI.e., the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold, e.g.It is further determined whether the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the previous time is greater than zero. If the power difference is greater than zero, the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 at the next moment is adjusted to a fifth voltage, which is greater than the current output voltage by a third variation value, specifically, the third variation value may be 1/4 of the power difference, that is, the DC/DC converter 60 sets the given voltage value at the next moment, for example, at the moment k +1 as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)+ΔPpv(k)/4。
If the present output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 is greater than or equal to the second voltage threshold and the power difference is less than zero, the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60 at the next time is adjusted to the sixth voltage. Wherein the second voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by a third variation value, that is, the DC/DC converter 60 sets the given voltage value at the next time, for example, at the time k +1, as: udc*(k+1)＝Udc(k)-|ΔPpv(k)|/4。
The controller 40 adopts a sectional type variable step size MPPT control algorithm on the DC/DC converter 60, and indirectly adjusts the output voltage of the photovoltaic array 10 by adjusting the voltage on the direct current bus, namely the output voltage of the DC/DC converter 60, so as to achieve the purpose of tracking the maximum power point.
According to the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the output power of the photovoltaic array is not matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner, for example, when the light illumination is weak, the controller controls the storage battery pack and the photovoltaic array to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel, so that the air conditioner does not need to operate at a reduced power level, the operation time of the air conditioner under the condition of strong weather change can be prolonged, and the operation stability of the air conditioner is improved. In addition, the controller controls the DC/DC converter by adopting a sectional type variable step size MPPT method, so that the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array is quickly and accurately tracked, the output power of the photovoltaic array is maximized, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic array is improved.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A power supply control method of an off-grid type photovoltaic air conditioning system is characterized in that the off-grid type photovoltaic air conditioning system comprises a photovoltaic array, a storage battery pack, an air conditioner and a DC/DC converter, and the power supply control method comprises the following steps:
judging the working states of the photovoltaic array and the air conditioner;
when the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is started, acquiring the output power of the photovoltaic array;
judging whether the output power is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner;
if the output power is not matched with the required power, controlling the photovoltaic array and the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel; and
controlling the DC/DC converter according to a sectional variable-step Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control mode;
acquiring the current input current and input voltage and the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter;
calculating the current output power of the photovoltaic array and calculating the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the last moment;
judging whether the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than a first voltage threshold value;
if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than a first voltage threshold, further judging whether the power difference is larger than zero;
if the power difference is larger than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a first voltage, wherein the first voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a first change value;
and if the power difference is smaller than or equal to zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by the first change value.
2. The power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising:
and if the output power of the photovoltaic array is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner, controlling the photovoltaic array to supply power to the air conditioner.
3. The power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising:
and if the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is in a shutdown state, controlling the photovoltaic array to charge the storage battery pack.
4. The power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising:
and if the photovoltaic array is not in a power supply state, controlling the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner.
5. The power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising:
if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and smaller than a second voltage threshold and the power difference is greater than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a third voltage, wherein the third voltage is greater than the current output voltage by a second change value;
and if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold and smaller than the second voltage threshold and the power difference is smaller than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a fourth voltage, wherein the fourth voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by the second change value.
6. The power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to claim 5, further comprising:
if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is larger than or equal to a second voltage threshold and the power difference is larger than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to be a fifth voltage, wherein the fifth voltage is larger than the current output voltage by a third change value;
and if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold and the power difference is less than zero, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to a sixth voltage, wherein the second voltage is smaller than the current output voltage by the third change value.
7. The power supply control method of the off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the first variation value is 1/2 of an absolute value of a power difference between a current output power of the photovoltaic array and an output power at a previous time, the second variation value is 1/3 of the absolute value of the power difference, and the third variation value is 1/4 of the absolute value of the power difference.
8. An off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system, comprising:
photovoltaic arrays and storage batteries;
an air conditioner; and
the controller is used for acquiring the working state of the photovoltaic array and the working state of the air conditioner, acquiring the output power of the photovoltaic array when the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is started, judging whether the output power is matched with the required power for normal operation of the air conditioner or not, and controlling the photovoltaic array and the storage battery pack to supply power to the air conditioner in parallel when the output power is not matched with the required power;
the DC/DC converter is respectively connected with the photovoltaic array and the controller, the DC/DC converter boosts the output voltage of the photovoltaic array to supply power for the air conditioner, the controller is also used for controlling the DC/DC converter according to a sectional type variable step Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control mode, wherein the controller acquires the current input current and input voltage and the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter, calculates the current output power of the photovoltaic array, calculates the power difference between the current output power and the output power at the last moment, judges whether the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than a first voltage threshold value or not, and if the current output voltage of the DC/DC converter is smaller than the first voltage threshold value, and further judging whether the power difference is larger than zero, if so, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to a first voltage which is larger than the current output voltage by a first change value, and if not, adjusting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter at the next moment to a second voltage which is smaller than the current output voltage by the first change value.
9. The off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to control the photovoltaic array to power the air conditioner when the output power matches the demand power.
10. The off-grid photovoltaic air conditioning system of claim 8, further comprising:
and the charge and discharge controller controls the storage battery pack to charge when the photovoltaic array is in a power supply state and the air conditioner is in a shutdown state, and controls the storage battery pack to discharge when the photovoltaic array is not in the power supply state.
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