CN104563885A - Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit - Google Patents
Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104563885A CN104563885A CN201310510853.5A CN201310510853A CN104563885A CN 104563885 A CN104563885 A CN 104563885A CN 201310510853 A CN201310510853 A CN 201310510853A CN 104563885 A CN104563885 A CN 104563885A
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- Prior art keywords
- rock
- drill bit
- laser
- breaking
- path channels
- Prior art date
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit. The laser aided rock-cracking fixed gear drill bit mainly comprises a drill bit body, a light path passage, a laser head, a mud passage, a cutting gear and a knife wing, wherein the drill bit body is also provided with the light path passage; the laser head is arranged on the end part of the light path passage. The drill bit has three independent rock-breaking ways, i.e. a hydraulic rock-breaking way, a mechanical rock-breaking way and a laser rock-breaking way, on the basis of the traditional mechanical rock-breaking way and hydraulic rock-breaking way, the laser aided rock-breaking way is added, and the light path passage independent of the mud passage is arranged. A rock layer is irradiated by laser emitted by the laser head arranged in the laser passage, and rocks are crushed, smelted or vaporized before being cut by the drill bit, so that the aims that the cutting difficulty of the drill bit is reduced, the drill bit is protected, the service life of the drill bit is prolonged, and the mechanical drilling speed of a ground layer which is difficultly drilled is increased are fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to drilling bit field, especially a kind of laser assisted breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock.
Background technology
Replace traditional churn drilling from the rotary drilling of 20 beginnings of the century, realize oil drilling first time innovation since, rely on large the pressure of the drill, high pulling torque and high rotating speed to improve rate of penetration, drilling mode does not have comparatively great change all the time.Nowadays the flourish continuous appearance bringing novel broken rock mode of new technology, such as water jet device, electron beam, cavitation jet, electrically arc, plasma and laser instrument etc.May nineteen sixty, C.M.Maman has invented First milliwatt level ruby crystal laser in the world, decades afterwards, laser technology is widely applied in fields such as defence construction, information communication, materials processing, biomedicine, food hygiene and communications and transportation, but is still blank out in petroleum drilling engineering field.
Laser rock fragmenting concept comes from the imagination utilizing laser energy fractured rock and drilling well that the people such as nineteen sixty-eight Massachusetts Institute of Technology Moavenzadeh F.McGarry F. J. and University of California Williamson R.B. propose in the 43rd SPE/AIME annual meeting in autumn.The result of Federal Aviation research light cutting rock test shows that the high-energy focusing radiation utilizing laser to send can cut out dark and thin joint-cutting on various solid rock, but the application of laser technology in oil drilling is at present few.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of utilize laser energy directly act on rock stratum play cutting in advance, auxiliary rock, raising rate of penetration laser assisted break the fixing of rock
toothdrill bit.
Present invention employs following technical scheme: a kind of laser assisted breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock, primarily of drill body, slurry channel, cutting teeth and wing composition, also comprise path channels and laser head.Path channels is arranged on drill body with different radii annular spread centered by bit-body axis, is provided with laser head in path channels.
In addition, path channels and slurry channel mutually isolated, path channels is opened at wing dorsal part, opens and is oriented to drill bit radial direction at the laser head of the path channels of wing dorsal part.
Laser assisted of the present invention breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock, have waterpower concurrently, machinery, laser three independently breaks rock mode, hydraulic drilling is to increase for the purpose of the water-horse power of shaft bottom, as super-pressure borehole pump, the superhigh pressure jetting, the pulsing jet utilizing various nozzle technology etc. that use shaft bottom booster; Mechanical rock breaking is exactly to increase well dynamic instrument for the purpose of drill bit mechanical energy energy, mainly contains the turbodrill, helicoid hydraulic motor and the electrodrill that increase the quiet moment of torsion of drill bit, has developed the axial impact drilling tool of the applicable rock bit of decades in addition.By installing one or more laser head on the drill bit rotated, the laser launched by laser instrument is radiated on rock by Optical Fiber Transmission, fragmentation, fusing, vaporization rock; make rock fragmentation become fritter, directly removed by drilling fluid, or change rock behavio(u)r; the particle breaking rock interior connects, and weakens rock, makes rock become loose; degree of porosity increases, and drillability improves, and avoids drill bit to contact with the direct of firm hard formation; reduce bit wear; protection drill bit, enhances productivity, and saves cost.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the laser head on drill bit is more than or equal to one, the laser that the laser head being arranged on bit face middle sends is fixing irradiates rock stratum, being arranged on laser head on wing along with the increase of laser circuit radius increases gradually, along with the rotation of drill bit, the laser that laser head on wing sends irradiates strata movement, both acting in conjunction, in advance cutting rocks, add laser assisted on the basis of traditional machinery+hydraulic drilling and break rock.Like this; drill bit is while broken rock cuts; the laser that laser assisted breaks the multi beam smaller power density that rock fixed teeth drill bit utilizes laser head to send cuts in advance to rock, broken molten rock, changes the various characteristic of rock; destroy rock bulk strength; reduce drill bit and break rock difficulty, have auxiliary rock-breaking effect, can drill bit be protected; extend bit life, improve the high hard formation rate of penetration of drillability difference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that laser assisted breaks rock fixed teeth drill bit schematical top view;
Mark in figure: 1-drill body; 2-path channels; 3-laser head; 4-slurry channel; 5-cutting teeth; 6-wing; 7-laser circuit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Laser assisted breaks a fixed teeth drill bit for rock, forms, be also provided with path channels 2, be provided with laser head 3 in path channels 2 end at drill body 1 primarily of drill body 1 and slurry channel 4, cutting teeth 5 and the wing 6 be arranged on drill body 1.
Embodiment 2
Laser assisted breaks a fixed teeth drill bit for rock, forms, be also provided with path channels 2, be provided with laser head 3 in path channels 2 end at drill body 1 primarily of drill body 1 and slurry channel 4, cutting teeth 5 and the wing 6 be arranged on drill body 1.Described path channels 2 is multiple tracks, and is arranged on drill body 1 with different radii annular spread centered by drill body 1 axis.Described path channels 2 and the radially mutually isolated distribution of slurry channel 4.
Exemplary embodiments 3
See Fig. 1, laser assisted breaks that rock fixed teeth drill bit has waterpower concurrently, machinery, laser three independently break rock mode, has the path channels 2 independent of slurry channel 4; Path channels 2 is built with laser head 3; Fixed teeth drill bit adopts three wings, drill bit reserves spatial distribution path channels 2 as far as possible more than needed; Drill bit adopts large-size composite sheet, succinct envelope design; The distribution of path channels 2 is from bit face center, outwards distribute gradually along radial direction centered by drill body 1 axis, be arranged on 9 laser head self-assembling formations, three circles around, be seen as three concentric circles from drill bit top view, we are referred to as laser circuit 7.Laser assisted breaks rock fixed teeth drill bit and adopts laser circuit 7 radius larger, the strategy of path channels more than 2 namely laser head more than 3, this is because along with the increase of laser circuit radius, laser moves that to impinge upon the time that rock stops shorter, therefore the distribution reirradiation by increasing laser head in a disguised form extends irradiation time, reaches desirable auxiliary rock-breaking effect.Path channels 2 on wing 6 is opened at wing 6 dorsal part.When laser assisted breaks rock fixed teeth bit operation, the laser that the laser head 3 installed in the path channels 2 at drill body 1 end face center sends irradiates rock stratum is fixing, the laser beam that other laser heads 3 on wing 6 send of being distributed in around irradiates strata movement along with the motion of drill bit, both actings in conjunction, cutting rock in advance, reduce rock strength, change the various characteristic of rock, there is certain auxiliary rock-breaking effect, bit life can be extended, reduce the number of times that makes a trip, save time, improve the high hard formation rate of penetration of drillability difference.
Claims (5)
1. a laser assisted breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock, form primarily of drill body (1) and slurry channel (4), cutting teeth (5) and the wing (6) be arranged on drill body (1), it is characterized in that: be also provided with path channels (2) at drill body (1), in path channels (2) end, laser head (3) is installed.
2. laser assisted according to claim 1 breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock, it is characterized in that: described path channels (2) is multiple tracks, and is arranged on drill body (1) with different radii annular spread centered by drill body (1) axis.
3. laser assisted according to claim 2 breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock, it is characterized in that: described path channels (2) and the radially mutually isolated distribution of slurry channel (4).
4. the laser assisted according to claim 1 or 2,3 breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock, it is characterized in that: also have part path channels (2) to open at wing (6) dorsal part.
5. a kind of laser assisted according to claim 4 breaks the fixed teeth drill bit of rock, it is characterized in that: open and be oriented to drill bit radial direction at the laser head (3) of the path channels (2) of wing (6) dorsal part.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310510853.5A CN104563885A (en) | 2013-10-27 | 2013-10-27 | Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310510853.5A CN104563885A (en) | 2013-10-27 | 2013-10-27 | Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104563885A true CN104563885A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
Family
ID=53080872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310510853.5A Pending CN104563885A (en) | 2013-10-27 | 2013-10-27 | Laser aided rock-breaking fixed gear drill bit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104563885A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106761805A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Laser full face rock tunnel boring machine cutterhead design method |
| CN106884662A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of laser assisted rock tunnel(ling) machine and its broken rock |
| CN109236215A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of drill rod stabilizing device suitable for laser engine broken rock experimental provision |
| CN109236299A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-18 | 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 | A kind of laser rock fragmenting device |
| CN109372514A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-22 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Based on high pressure pulse discharge-mechanically combining broken rock novel silo drilling machine |
| CN111535748A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-14 | 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 | A laser drill with negative pressure suction function |
| CN111827873A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-27 | 西南石油大学 | A laser-mechanical screw drilling tool combination |
| CN111911080A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-10 | 西南石油大学 | Laser-mechanical combined rock breaking power drilling tool |
| CN112096401A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of helical laser drilling hole reaming process method |
| CN112576268A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Hard rock tunneling device and hard rock tunneling method |
| CN113445904A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-09-28 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Drilling equipment with auxiliary rotary punching mechanism |
| CN113653447A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-11-16 | 西南石油大学 | A laser-mechanical drill bit for high-efficiency laser-mechanical rock breaking |
| US11867058B2 (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2024-01-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | High power laser-enablers for heating/fracturing stimulation tool and methods therefor |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3871485A (en) * | 1973-11-02 | 1975-03-18 | Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania | Laser beam drill |
| CN102322216A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-01-18 | 东北石油大学 | Laser drilling device |
| CN202273592U (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-06-13 | 杭州博大金刚石有限公司 | Two-section type laser drill |
| US8393419B1 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2013-03-12 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superabrasive elements having indicia and related apparatus and methods |
| CN203081295U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole laser auxiliary rock-breaking drilling rig |
-
2013
- 2013-10-27 CN CN201310510853.5A patent/CN104563885A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3871485A (en) * | 1973-11-02 | 1975-03-18 | Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania | Laser beam drill |
| US8393419B1 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2013-03-12 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superabrasive elements having indicia and related apparatus and methods |
| CN102322216A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-01-18 | 东北石油大学 | Laser drilling device |
| CN202273592U (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-06-13 | 杭州博大金刚石有限公司 | Two-section type laser drill |
| CN203081295U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole laser auxiliary rock-breaking drilling rig |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106761805A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Laser full face rock tunnel boring machine cutterhead design method |
| CN106884662A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of laser assisted rock tunnel(ling) machine and its broken rock |
| CN109236215A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of drill rod stabilizing device suitable for laser engine broken rock experimental provision |
| CN109236299A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-18 | 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 | A kind of laser rock fragmenting device |
| CN109372514A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-22 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Based on high pressure pulse discharge-mechanically combining broken rock novel silo drilling machine |
| CN112576268A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Hard rock tunneling device and hard rock tunneling method |
| CN111535748A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-14 | 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 | A laser drill with negative pressure suction function |
| CN111827873A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-27 | 西南石油大学 | A laser-mechanical screw drilling tool combination |
| CN111911080A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-10 | 西南石油大学 | Laser-mechanical combined rock breaking power drilling tool |
| CN112096401A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of helical laser drilling hole reaming process method |
| US11867058B2 (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2024-01-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | High power laser-enablers for heating/fracturing stimulation tool and methods therefor |
| CN113445904A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-09-28 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Drilling equipment with auxiliary rotary punching mechanism |
| CN113653447A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-11-16 | 西南石油大学 | A laser-mechanical drill bit for high-efficiency laser-mechanical rock breaking |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
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Application publication date: 20150429 |