CN104612793A - Air pressure type urea metering spraying system easy to control - Google Patents
Air pressure type urea metering spraying system easy to control Download PDFInfo
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 319
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 319
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 47
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种易于控制的气压式尿素计量喷射系统，包括尿素箱、压缩空气源、气动式真空泵、尿素喷射机构和电控单元。设置由尿素喷射容器及尿素喷射机构组成的两路分系统；分系统中，各部件通过电磁阀相连接，两路分系统之间通过三通接头、电磁阀相连接；利用各电磁阀协调控制来产生恒定的空气压力用于给尿素溶液加压；气动式真空泵利用压缩空气的射流产生卷吸作用，在尿素喷射容器内建立一定的真空度，实现尿素供给；电控单元控制各电磁阀的特定动作，实现尿素主喷射容器与辅助喷射容器独立、共同、协调交替承担尿素供给与喷射的功能。气体压力源来控制尿素溶液的喷射压力，使尿素喷嘴入口处压力恒定，显著提高了尿素溶液喷射量的计量准确性和稳定性。
The invention discloses an easy-to-control pneumatic urea metering injection system, which comprises a urea tank, a compressed air source, a pneumatic vacuum pump, a urea injection mechanism and an electric control unit. Set up a two-way sub-system consisting of a urea injection container and a urea injection mechanism; in the sub-system, each component is connected through a solenoid valve, and the two-way sub-systems are connected through a three-way joint and a solenoid valve; each solenoid valve is used for coordinated control To generate a constant air pressure for pressurizing the urea solution; the pneumatic vacuum pump uses the jet of compressed air to generate entrainment, and establish a certain degree of vacuum in the urea injection container to realize the supply of urea; the electronic control unit controls the solenoid valves The specific actions realize the functions of the urea main injection container and the auxiliary injection container independently, jointly, and coordinated to undertake the urea supply and injection functions alternately. The gas pressure source is used to control the injection pressure of the urea solution, so that the pressure at the inlet of the urea nozzle is constant, and the metering accuracy and stability of the injection amount of the urea solution are significantly improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于柴油机排气后处理的尿素计量喷射系统，它属于柴油机尾气净化系统；更具体地说，涉及一种采用气体压力源作为动力向柴油机排气后处理系统计量喷射尿素溶液，用于降低柴油机NOx排放的选择性催化还原SCR系统。The invention relates to a urea metering injection system for diesel engine exhaust post-treatment, which belongs to the diesel engine exhaust purification system; more specifically, it relates to a method of metering and injecting urea solution to the diesel engine exhaust post-treatment system using a gas pressure source as power , a selective catalytic reduction SCR system for reducing NOx emissions from diesel engines.
背景技术Background technique
为了实现尿素喷射，现有的SCR尿素喷射系统基本采用两种喷射方式：气助式与非气助式。非气助式尿素喷射系统的工作原理为采用直流电动泵对尿素溶液加压，在道路与非道路车辆及船舶的应用中都需要由蓄电池向该电动泵供电，需要消耗大量的蓄电池电能。气助式尿素喷射系统采用气压源作为动力为尿素溶液加压，如专利CN102032029A、CN102242658A、CN101975103A中公开的气压式尿素喷射系统，尿素喷射压力不稳定，尿素喷射量计量不准确。这两种系统虽然从原理上是可行的，但在实际应用中存在很多问题，如尿素喷射量计量误差较大、对材料的要求较高、结构复杂、成本较高，并且尿素泵内也存在尿素结晶的隐患。In order to realize urea injection, the existing SCR urea injection system basically adopts two injection methods: air-assisted and non-air-assisted. The working principle of the non-air-assisted urea injection system is to use a DC electric pump to pressurize the urea solution. In the application of road and non-road vehicles and ships, the electric pump needs to be powered by the battery, which consumes a lot of battery power. The air-assisted urea injection system uses the air pressure source as the power to pressurize the urea solution, such as the air pressure urea injection system disclosed in patents CN102032029A, CN102242658A, and CN101975103A. The urea injection pressure is unstable and the urea injection volume is not measured accurately. Although these two systems are feasible in principle, there are many problems in practical application, such as large measurement error of urea injection volume, high requirements for materials, complex structure, high cost, and there are also problems in the urea pump. The hidden danger of urea crystallization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有非气助式尿素喷射系统蓄电池能耗过高的问题以及气助式尿素喷射系统设计中的不足，本发明提供了一种采用气体压力源的新型尿素计量喷射系统，该系统结构简单、小巧，零部件数量少，能耗低，成本低廉；实际应用时，尿素喷射量的计量准确性和系统稳定性、可靠性、响应特性都较好，尤其适用于满足国四及更高排放法规的中重型柴油机排气后处理领域。若利用气压式制动能量回收系统作为辅助气源，则该系统的节能减排效果将更加显著。In order to solve the problem of high battery energy consumption of the existing non-air-assisted urea injection system and the shortcomings in the design of the air-assisted urea injection system, the present invention provides a new type of urea metering injection system using a gas pressure source. The system structure Simple, compact, few parts, low energy consumption, and low cost; in actual application, the measurement accuracy of urea injection volume and system stability, reliability, and response characteristics are all good, especially suitable for meeting the requirements of National IV and higher Exhaust aftertreatment of medium and heavy duty diesel engines under emission regulations. If the pneumatic brake energy recovery system is used as the auxiliary air source, the energy saving and emission reduction effect of the system will be more significant.
本发明解决其技术问题，所采用的技术方案是：The present invention solves its technical problem, and the technical scheme adopted is:
一种易于控制的气压式尿素计量喷射系统，通过调节尿素喷嘴电磁阀的占空比来计量尿素溶液的喷射量，包括尿素箱、压缩空气源、气动式真空泵、尿素喷射机构和电控单元及连接管路和相应阀系，其特征在于，两套尿素供给及喷射系统，即尿素供给及喷射主系统及尿素供给及喷射辅助系统，并行设置在由压缩空气源和气动式真空泵构成的气源进口与尿素箱之间；An easy-to-control pneumatic urea metering and injection system, which measures the injection amount of urea solution by adjusting the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the urea nozzle, including a urea tank, a compressed air source, a pneumatic vacuum pump, a urea injection mechanism and an electronic control unit and The connecting pipeline and the corresponding valve system are characterized in that two sets of urea supply and injection systems, namely the urea supply and injection main system and the urea supply and injection auxiliary system, are arranged in parallel on the air source composed of a compressed air source and a pneumatic vacuum pump. Between the inlet and the urea tank;
所述二尿素供给及喷射系统中，均具有如下的结构：连接有尿素喷射容器，尿素喷射容器的上部通过相应阀系与气源进口气路连接，其底部通过相应阀系与尿素箱液路相连；尿素喷射管路与尿素喷射容器液路相连；各尿素喷射容器内设置有电阻丝加热装置、液位及温度传感机构；Both of the two urea supply and injection systems have the following structure: a urea injection container is connected, the upper part of the urea injection container is connected to the gas source inlet gas path through the corresponding valve system, and the bottom of the urea injection container is connected to the urea tank liquid path through the corresponding valve system. The urea injection pipeline is connected to the liquid path of the urea injection container; each urea injection container is equipped with a resistance wire heating device, a liquid level and a temperature sensing mechanism;
压缩空气源和气动式真空泵通过管路和相应阀系并行与二尿素供给及喷射系统气路相通；气动式真空泵的入口与压缩空气源连接，排气口与大气相通，气动式真空泵的真空口与二尿素喷射容器上部气路相通；气动式真空泵的卷吸作用提供供料动力，压缩空气源加压作用提供喷射动力；电控单元控制管路和相应阀系协调控制压缩空气的不同作用之间的相互切换使压缩空气源和气动式真空泵错时工作；The compressed air source and the pneumatic vacuum pump communicate with the two urea supply and the injection system in parallel through the pipeline and the corresponding valve system; the inlet of the pneumatic vacuum pump is connected to the compressed air source, the exhaust port is connected to the atmosphere, and the vacuum port of the pneumatic vacuum pump It communicates with the upper air path of the two urea injection containers; the entrainment action of the pneumatic vacuum pump provides the feeding power, and the pressurization of the compressed air source provides the injection power; the control pipeline of the electronic control unit and the corresponding valve system coordinate and control the different functions of the compressed air. The mutual switching between the compressed air source and the pneumatic vacuum pump works at staggered time;
所述电控单元接受包括发动机CAN总线、二尿素供给及喷射系统及尿素箱内、尿素泵内的传感器信号，输出包括尿素喷射容器内的加热执行单元信号和各电磁阀的动作信号以及系统故障监测与诊断输出信号；电控单元根据内置控制算法控制各执行单元，从而协调控制尿素的供给、喷射、回流，及控制尿素溶液的温度。The electronic control unit accepts sensor signals including the engine CAN bus, two urea supply and injection systems, the urea tank, and the urea pump, and outputs signals including the heating execution unit in the urea injection container, the action signals of the solenoid valves, and system failures. Monitor and diagnose output signals; the electronic control unit controls each execution unit according to the built-in control algorithm, so as to coordinate and control the supply, injection and return of urea, and control the temperature of urea solution.
这样，两路分系统之间通过三通接头、电磁阀相连接；利用各电磁阀协调控制来产生恒定的空气压力用于给尿素溶液加压，两个尿素喷射容器的工作压力为0.8～1.0MPa；气动式真空泵以压缩空气源作为动力源，利用压缩空气的射流产生卷吸作用，在尿素喷射容器内建立一定的真空度，其工作压力为0.4～0.5MPa；电控单元控制各电磁阀的特定动作，实现尿素主喷射容器与辅助喷射容器独立、共同、协调交替承担尿素供给与喷射的功能，以及将尿素喷射容器和尿素喷射管路中的剩余尿素溶液回收至尿素箱中。In this way, the two sub-systems are connected through a three-way joint and a solenoid valve; the coordinated control of the solenoid valves is used to generate a constant air pressure for pressurizing the urea solution, and the working pressure of the two urea injection containers is 0.8-1.0 MPa; the pneumatic vacuum pump uses the compressed air source as the power source, uses the compressed air jet to generate entrainment, and establishes a certain degree of vacuum in the urea injection container, and its working pressure is 0.4-0.5MPa; the electronic control unit controls the solenoid valves The specific actions of the urea injection container and the auxiliary injection container independently, jointly and coordinately undertake the functions of urea supply and injection alternately, and recover the remaining urea solution in the urea injection container and urea injection pipeline to the urea tank.
电控单元的输入信号包括发动机CAN总线信号和尿素主喷射容器、辅助喷射容器、尿素箱内、尿素泵内的各传感器信号及催化反应器各传感器信号，输出信号包括尿素喷射容器内的加热执行单元信号、各电磁阀动作信号以及系统故障监测与诊断输出信号；电控单元根据内置控制算法控制各执行单元，从而协调控制尿素供给、喷射、回流及尿素溶液的温度。The input signal of the electronic control unit includes the CAN bus signal of the engine and the signals of the sensors in the urea main injection container, the auxiliary injection container, the urea tank, the urea pump and the sensors of the catalytic reactor, and the output signal includes the heating execution in the urea injection container. Unit signals, solenoid valve action signals, and system fault monitoring and diagnosis output signals; the electronic control unit controls each execution unit according to the built-in control algorithm, thereby coordinating the control of urea supply, injection, return and the temperature of urea solution.
尿素主喷射容器与辅助喷射容器的下段采用便于物料汇集的圆滑缩径结构，且尿素主喷射容器的容积比辅助喷射容器的小，从而实现尿素溶液的快速供给、喷射与回流。The lower part of the urea main injection container and the auxiliary injection container adopts a smooth and narrow diameter structure that is convenient for material collection, and the volume of the urea main injection container is smaller than that of the auxiliary injection container, so as to realize the rapid supply, injection and return of urea solution.
尿素主喷射容器与辅助喷射容器通过电磁阀相连接，通过控制电磁阀的动作以实现尿素辅助喷射容器为尿素主喷射容器供料以及两者的协同喷射等功能。The urea main injection container and the auxiliary injection container are connected through a solenoid valve, and the functions of the urea auxiliary injection container feeding the urea main injection container and the coordinated injection of the two are realized by controlling the action of the solenoid valve.
气动式真空泵由压缩空气源提供动力、由电磁阀控制，利用压缩空气的射流产生卷吸作用，在尿素喷射容器内建立一定的真空度，实现尿素的供给与回流。The pneumatic vacuum pump is powered by a compressed air source and controlled by a solenoid valve. It uses the jet of compressed air to generate entrainment and establish a certain degree of vacuum in the urea injection container to realize the supply and return of urea.
这样，系统中由尿素喷射容器及尿素喷射机构组成的两路分系统独立、共同、协调交替工作，每一路分系统中与压缩空气源、气动式真空泵相连接的尿素喷射容器均独立、共同承担尿素供给与喷射功能，两路分系统之间通过控制电磁阀的动作以实现尿素辅助喷射容器为尿素主喷射容器供料以及两者的协同喷射等功能。压缩空气源可采用车载小型空气压缩机、压缩空气储气罐或气压式制动能量回收系统，对于采用空气制动的商用车，可以利用原有的空压机和储气罐。利用发动机冷却液加热尿素泵内的尿素溶液，在发动机刚启动时冷却液温度较低，尿素喷射容器可采用加热电阻丝辅助加热。这种方案适用于各种道路与非道路车辆及船舶，尤其适用于满足国四及更高排放法规的中重型柴油机市场。In this way, the two sub-systems composed of the urea injection container and the urea injection mechanism in the system work independently, jointly, and alternately in coordination. The urea injection container connected to the compressed air source and the pneumatic vacuum pump in each sub-system is independently and jointly responsible The urea supply and injection function, through the control of the action of the solenoid valve between the two sub-systems, the urea auxiliary injection container supplies the urea main injection container and the coordinated injection of the two. The compressed air source can be a vehicle-mounted small air compressor, a compressed air storage tank or a pneumatic brake energy recovery system. For commercial vehicles using air brakes, the original air compressor and gas storage tank can be used. The engine coolant is used to heat the urea solution in the urea pump. When the engine is just started, the temperature of the coolant is low, and the urea injection container can be heated by a heating resistance wire. This solution is suitable for all kinds of road and non-road vehicles and ships, especially for the medium and heavy-duty diesel engine market that meets China IV and higher emission regulations.
本发明的工作原理及过程是：通过调节尿素喷嘴电磁阀的占空比来计量尿素溶液的喷射量，压缩空气源为尿素喷射容器内的尿素溶液加压、为尿素喷射机构提供喷射动力、为气动式真空泵提供抽真空动力。当尿素主喷射容器工作时，气动式真空泵先工作，与尿素主喷射容器相连的电磁阀通电动作，尿素主喷射容器与气动式真空泵、尿素箱连通，在压差的作用下，尿素箱内的尿素溶液进入尿素主喷射容器，同时，与尿素辅助喷射容器相连的电磁阀通电动作，尿素辅助喷射容器与气动式真空泵、尿素箱连通，尿素箱内的尿素溶液同时进入尿素辅助喷射容器，当两个尿素喷射容器供料完成后，电磁阀断电，气动式真空泵停机，与尿素主喷射容器相连的电磁阀通电换向，尿素主喷射容器与压缩空气源连通，压缩空气源为尿素主喷射容器加压，尿素主喷嘴电磁阀通电时，尿素主喷射容器开始喷射尿素；当系统所需尿素量较大，尿素主喷射容器的喷射量无法满足系统需求时，与尿素辅助喷射容器相连的电磁阀通电换向，压缩空气源为尿素辅助喷射容器加压，尿素辅助喷嘴电磁阀通电，尿素主喷射容器与尿素辅助喷射容器同时喷射尿素；当尿素主喷射容器内尿素不足时，通过电磁阀的特定动作，尿素辅助喷射容器开始喷射，同时，尿素箱为尿素主喷射容器供料，供料完成后，尿素主喷射容器喷射，尿素辅助喷射容器进入待定状态；当某一路分系统发生故障无法喷射时，另一路分系统进入工作状态，完成尿素的供给与喷射。当尿素喷射结束后，气动式真空泵利用射流的卷吸作用，再将尿素喷射容器与尿素喷嘴之间管路中的尿素抽回至尿素喷射容器中，气动式真空泵停机后，通过电磁阀的动作，尿素喷射容器与压缩空气源、尿素箱连通，压缩空气源将尿素喷射容器内的剩余尿素溶液压回至尿素箱中。The working principle and process of the present invention are: by adjusting the duty ratio of the urea nozzle electromagnetic valve to measure the injection amount of urea solution, the compressed air source pressurizes the urea solution in the urea injection container, provides injection power for the urea injection mechanism, and provides Pneumatic vacuum pump provides vacuum power. When the main injection container of urea is working, the pneumatic vacuum pump works first, and the solenoid valve connected to the main injection container of urea is energized, and the main injection container of urea is connected with the pneumatic vacuum pump and the urea tank. The urea solution enters the main urea injection container, and at the same time, the solenoid valve connected to the urea auxiliary injection container is energized, and the urea auxiliary injection container is connected with the pneumatic vacuum pump and the urea tank, and the urea solution in the urea tank enters the urea auxiliary injection container at the same time. After the feeding of each urea injection container is completed, the solenoid valve is powered off, the pneumatic vacuum pump stops, the solenoid valve connected to the urea main injection container is energized and reversed, the urea main injection container is connected to the compressed air source, and the compressed air source is the urea main injection container Pressurize, when the solenoid valve of the urea main nozzle is energized, the urea main injection container starts to spray urea; Power on and reversing, the compressed air source pressurizes the urea auxiliary injection container, the urea auxiliary nozzle electromagnetic valve is energized, and the urea main injection container and the urea auxiliary injection container spray urea at the same time; when the urea in the urea main injection container is insufficient, the specific Action, the urea auxiliary injection container starts to spray, and at the same time, the urea tank supplies material to the urea main injection container. After the supply is completed, the urea main injection container sprays, and the urea auxiliary injection container enters a pending state; , the other sub-system enters the working state to complete the supply and injection of urea. When the urea injection is finished, the pneumatic vacuum pump uses the entrainment effect of the jet to draw back the urea in the pipeline between the urea injection container and the urea nozzle to the urea injection container. After the pneumatic vacuum pump stops, the electromagnetic valve will , the urea injection container communicates with the compressed air source and the urea tank, and the compressed air source presses the remaining urea solution in the urea injection container back into the urea tank.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和有益效果是：第一，由于尿素喷射系统中采用了气体压力源来控制尿素溶液的喷射压力，所以能使尿素喷嘴入口处的压力恒定，显著地减小了尿素溶液脉冲喷射造成的管内压力波，消除了不稳定压力波对尿素喷嘴喷射量的不利影响，从而显著地提高了尿素溶液喷射量的计量准确性和稳定性；第二，采用两路分系统协同承担尿素供给与喷射的功能，当某一路分系统发生故障时，另一路分系统进入工作状态，继续完成尿素的供给与喷射，提高了系统的可靠性；第三，采用气体压力源作为尿素供给与喷射动力，利用发动机冷却液加热尿素，系统节能效果显著。Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are: first, since the gas pressure source is adopted in the urea injection system to control the injection pressure of the urea solution, the pressure at the inlet of the urea nozzle can be kept constant, significantly The pressure wave in the pipe caused by the urea solution pulse injection is reduced, and the adverse effect of the unstable pressure wave on the injection volume of the urea nozzle is eliminated, thereby significantly improving the measurement accuracy and stability of the injection volume of the urea solution; secondly, using two The road sub-system cooperates to undertake the function of urea supply and injection. When a road sub-system fails, the other road sub-system enters the working state and continues to complete the supply and injection of urea, which improves the reliability of the system; The source is used as the urea supply and injection power, and the engine coolant is used to heat the urea, so the system has a remarkable energy-saving effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明采用的一种易于控制的气压式尿素计量喷射系统示意图，包括：1、压缩空气入口；2、储气罐；3、压缩空气出口；4、空气滤清器；5、稳压阀外泄口与大气相通；6、高压空气管路；7、稳压阀(调压阀/限压阀)；8、三通接头；9、二级减压阀；10、稳压空气管路；11、三通接头；12、气动式真空泵气源入口；13、气动式真空泵排气出口；14、电磁阀；15、尿素泵；16、尿素泵内温度传感器；17、气动式真空泵；18、气动式真空泵真空口；19、三通接头；20、电磁阀；21电磁阀、22三通接头；23尿素主喷射容器；24、尿素主喷射容器压力传感器；25、尿素主喷射容器辅助加热继电器与电阻丝；26、尿素主喷射容器液位传感器；27、尿素主喷射容器内尿素溶液；28、尿素主喷射管路；29、尿素辅助喷射管路；30、发动机冷却液入口(用于加热尿素溶液)；31、发动机冷却液出口(用于加热尿素溶液)；32、尿素辅助喷嘴；33、尿素主喷嘴；34、发动机冷却液出口(用于冷却尿素主喷嘴)；35、发动机冷却液入口(用于冷却尿素主喷嘴)；36、发动机冷却液出口(用于冷却尿素辅助喷嘴)；37、发动机冷却液入口(用于冷却尿素辅助喷嘴)；38、尿素箱；39、尿素箱内尿素溶液；40、尿素箱液位传感器；41、尿素溶液过滤器；42、尿素箱温度传感器；43、尿素箱加热继电器与加热电阻丝；44、尿素加注口与通气塞；45、双向电磁阀；46、三通接头；47、双向电磁阀；48、电控单元；49、发动机CAN总线信号接口；50、电控单元传感器信号接口；51、电控单元执行器信号接口；52、尿素辅助喷射容器内尿素溶液；53、尿素辅助喷射容器液位传感器；54、尿素辅助喷射容器辅助加热继电器与电阻丝；55、尿素辅助喷射容器压力传感器；56、尿素辅助喷射容器；57、三通接口；58、电磁阀；59、电磁阀；60、发动机排气管。Fig. 1 is a kind of easy-to-control pneumatic urea metering injection system schematic diagram that the present invention adopts, comprises: 1, compressed air inlet; 2, gas storage tank; 3, compressed air outlet; 4, air filter; The outlet of the pressure valve is connected to the atmosphere; 6. High-pressure air pipeline; 7. Regulating valve (pressure regulating valve/pressure limiting valve); 8. Tee joint; 9. Secondary pressure reducing valve; 10. Regulating air Pipeline; 11. Tee joint; 12. Air source inlet of pneumatic vacuum pump; 13. Exhaust outlet of pneumatic vacuum pump; 14. Solenoid valve; 15. Urea pump; 16. Temperature sensor in urea pump; 17. Pneumatic vacuum pump ; 18. Vacuum port of pneumatic vacuum pump; 19. Tee connector; 20. Solenoid valve; 21 Solenoid valve, 22 Tee connector; 23 Urea main injection container; 24. Pressure sensor of urea main injection container; 25. Urea main injection container Auxiliary heating relay and resistance wire; 26. Liquid level sensor of urea main injection container; 27. Urea solution in urea main injection container; 28. Urea main injection pipeline; 29. Urea auxiliary injection pipeline; 30. Engine coolant inlet ( For heating urea solution); 31. Engine coolant outlet (for heating urea solution); 32. Urea auxiliary nozzle; 33. Urea main nozzle; 34. Engine coolant outlet (for cooling urea main nozzle); 35. Engine coolant inlet (for cooling the urea main nozzle); 36. Engine coolant outlet (for cooling the urea auxiliary nozzle); 37. Engine coolant inlet (for cooling the urea auxiliary nozzle); 38. Urea tank; 39. Urea solution in urea tank; 40. Urea tank liquid level sensor; 41. Urea solution filter; 42. Urea tank temperature sensor; 43. Urea tank heating relay and heating resistance wire; 44. Urea filling port and vent plug; 45 , two-way solenoid valve; 46, three-way connector; 47, two-way solenoid valve; 48, electronic control unit; 49, engine CAN bus signal interface; 50, electronic control unit sensor signal interface; 51, electronic control unit actuator signal interface; 52. Urea solution in the urea auxiliary injection container; 53. The liquid level sensor of the urea auxiliary injection container; 54. The auxiliary heating relay and resistance wire of the urea auxiliary injection container; 55. The pressure sensor of the urea auxiliary injection container; 56. The urea auxiliary injection container; 57 , Tee interface; 58, solenoid valve; 59, solenoid valve; 60, engine exhaust pipe.
图2为本发明中的尿素主喷嘴与辅助喷嘴在发动机排气管上的布置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the urea main nozzle and the auxiliary nozzle on the exhaust pipe of the engine in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明是一种易于控制的气压式尿素计量喷射系统，其中气体压力源可以是车载小型空气压缩机、压缩空气储气罐或气压式制动能量回收系统，各种方式的工作原理类似。现以储气罐为气体压力源的实施例，结合附图和具体的实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention is an easy-to-control pneumatic urea metering and injection system, wherein the gas pressure source can be a vehicle-mounted small air compressor, a compressed air storage tank or a pneumatic braking energy recovery system, and the working principles of various modes are similar. Now, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific implementation methods in which the gas storage tank is used as an embodiment of the gas pressure source.
如图1所示，由小型空气压缩机或气压式制动能量回收系统经压缩空气入口1向储气罐2充气，储气罐2中的高压空气经过空气滤清器4过滤、稳压阀(调压阀/限压阀)7稳压、二级减压阀9减压，为尿素泵15提供气体压力源，作为尿素的供给与喷射动力。23、56分别为尿素主喷射容器和尿素辅助喷射容器，本实施例选用的尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56的容积分别是400mL、600mL。尿素泵15内部安装有温度传感器16与电控单元48，尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56上均装有辅助加热电阻丝25、54，其内部装有液位传感器26、53，压力传感器24、55。尿素泵15内装有尿素加热执行单元，当尿素泵15内置温度传感器16探测到尿素泵15内温度较低时，利用发动机冷却液加热尿素，冷却液由发动机冷却液入口30流入加热单元，由发动机冷却液出口31流出加热单元；当发动机刚启动时冷却液温度较低，利用辅助加热电阻丝25、54对尿素溶液进行辅助加热。利用发动机冷却液来冷却尿素主喷嘴33与尿素辅助喷嘴32，防止尿素喷嘴33、32过热损坏，冷却液由发动机冷却液入口35、37流入喷嘴，由发动机冷却液出口34、36流出喷嘴。所有的电磁阀、加热执行单元均由电控单元48控制。As shown in Figure 1, a small air compressor or a pneumatic braking energy recovery system is used to inflate air into the air storage tank 2 through the compressed air inlet 1, and the high-pressure air in the air storage tank 2 is filtered by the air filter 4 and the pressure regulator valve (Pressure regulating valve/pressure limiting valve) 7 stabilizes the pressure, and the secondary pressure reducing valve 9 decompresses to provide a gas pressure source for the urea pump 15 as the supply and injection power of urea. 23 and 56 are respectively the urea main injection container and the urea auxiliary injection container. The volumes of the urea main injection container 23 and the urea auxiliary injection container 56 selected in this embodiment are 400mL and 600mL respectively. A temperature sensor 16 and an electronic control unit 48 are installed inside the urea pump 15. Auxiliary heating resistance wires 25 and 54 are installed on the urea main injection container 23 and the urea auxiliary injection container 56, and liquid level sensors 26 and 53 are installed inside. Sensors 24,55. The urea pump 15 is equipped with a urea heating execution unit. When the built-in temperature sensor 16 of the urea pump 15 detects that the temperature inside the urea pump 15 is low, the engine coolant is used to heat the urea. The coolant flows into the heating unit from the engine coolant inlet 30, and the engine The coolant outlet 31 flows out of the heating unit; when the engine is just started, the temperature of the coolant is low, and the auxiliary heating resistance wires 25, 54 are used to auxiliary heat the urea solution. Utilize engine coolant to cool urea main nozzle 33 and urea auxiliary nozzle 32, prevent urea nozzle 33,32 from overheating and damage, coolant flows into nozzle by engine coolant inlet 35,37, flows out nozzle by engine coolant outlet 34,36. All electromagnetic valves and heating execution units are controlled by the electric control unit 48 .
当尿素泵15开始工作时，电磁阀14、21、45、47、59通电，压缩空气由气动式真空泵气源入口12进入气动式真空泵17，在气动式真空泵17排气口处形成射流，产生卷吸作用，进而抽走尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56中的部分空气形成一定的真空度，尿素箱38中的尿素溶液39在压差的作用下被抽到尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56中，尿素喷射容器开始供料，当尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56中的液位传感器26、53检测到尿素溶液27、52上升到一定的高度后，尿素喷射容器供料完成，这时电磁阀14、21、45、47、59断电。电磁阀20的通电，尿素主喷射容器23通过尿素主喷射管路28同尿素主喷嘴33连通，通过三通接头11、空气管路与储气罐2连通，储气罐2开始为尿素主喷射容器23内的尿素溶液27加压，尿素主喷射容器23内的空气压力通过电磁阀20调节至恒定的压力，这样使尿素主喷射容器23中尿素溶液27的压力始终保持恒定的压力，在尿素主喷射容器23中建立恒定的内部压力。当尿素主喷嘴33的电磁阀通电时，尿素主喷嘴33开始喷射尿素溶液，通过调节尿素主喷嘴33的电磁阀的占空比来计量尿素的喷射量。尿素主喷射容器23、电磁阀20、尿素主喷嘴33承担主要的尿素供给功能和尿素计量喷射功能。When the urea pump 15 starts to work, the solenoid valves 14, 21, 45, 47, and 59 are energized, and the compressed air enters the pneumatic vacuum pump 17 from the air source inlet 12 of the pneumatic vacuum pump, forming a jet at the exhaust port of the pneumatic vacuum pump 17, generating Entrainment, and then take away part of the air in the urea main injection container 23 and the urea auxiliary injection container 56 to form a certain degree of vacuum, the urea solution 39 in the urea tank 38 is pumped into the urea main injection container 23 under the effect of pressure difference And in the urea auxiliary injection container 56, the urea injection container starts feeding, when the liquid level sensor 26,53 in the urea main injection container 23 and the urea auxiliary injection container 56 detects that the urea solution 27,52 rises to a certain height, the urea Spray container feed is finished, and at this moment electromagnetic valve 14,21,45,47,59 power-off. When the electromagnetic valve 20 is energized, the urea main injection container 23 communicates with the urea main nozzle 33 through the urea main injection pipeline 28, and communicates with the gas storage tank 2 through the three-way joint 11 and the air pipeline, and the gas storage tank 2 starts to be the urea main injection The urea solution 27 in the container 23 is pressurized, and the air pressure in the urea main injection container 23 is adjusted to a constant pressure by the electromagnetic valve 20, so that the pressure of the urea solution 27 in the urea main injection container 23 is kept at a constant pressure all the time. A constant internal pressure is established in the main spray container 23 . When the solenoid valve of the urea main nozzle 33 is energized, the urea main nozzle 33 starts to spray urea solution, and the injection amount of urea is measured by adjusting the duty cycle of the solenoid valve of the urea main nozzle 33 . The urea main injection container 23 , the solenoid valve 20 and the urea main nozzle 33 undertake the main functions of urea supply and urea metering and injection.
当尿素主喷射容器23无法满足尿素喷射需求时，在主尿素喷嘴33喷射尿素的同时，电磁阀58、辅助喷嘴32通电，辅助尿素喷嘴32和主尿素喷嘴33同时喷射尿素，以满足系统更多的尿素需求量。若电磁阀20、47、58通电，电磁阀14、21、45、59断电，尿素辅助喷射容器56为尿素主喷射容器23供料；若电磁阀47、58通电，电磁阀14、20、21、45、59断电，尿素辅助喷射容器56中的尿素溶液52将通过尿素主喷射容器23、尿素主喷嘴33喷射。When the urea main injection container 23 cannot meet the urea injection requirements, while the main urea nozzle 33 sprays urea, the solenoid valve 58 and the auxiliary nozzle 32 are energized, and the auxiliary urea nozzle 32 and the main urea nozzle 33 inject urea at the same time to meet the system. urea demand. If the solenoid valves 20, 47, 58 are energized, the solenoid valves 14, 21, 45, 59 are powered off, and the urea auxiliary injection container 56 feeds the urea main injection container 23; 21, 45, 59 are powered off, and the urea solution 52 in the urea auxiliary injection container 56 will be sprayed by the urea main injection container 23 and the urea main nozzle 33.
当尿素主喷射容器23中的尿素溶液27即将用尽时，尿素辅助喷射容器56开始辅助喷射，电磁阀58通电。通过电磁阀58调节尿素辅助喷射容器56中尿素溶液52的压力始终保持与压缩空气相同的恒定压力，尿素辅助喷射容器56中建立恒定的内部压力，尿素辅助喷嘴32的电磁阀通电时，尿素辅助喷嘴32开始辅助喷射尿素溶液，通过调节尿素辅助喷嘴32的电磁阀的占空比来计量尿素的喷射量。尿素辅助喷射容器56辅助喷射的同时，电磁阀20、主喷嘴33的电磁阀断电，电磁阀14、21、45通电，气动式真空泵17利用压缩空气的射流产生卷吸作用，将尿素箱38中的尿素溶液39抽到尿素主喷射容器23中，尿素主喷射容器23开始供料；尿素主喷射容器23供料完成后，电磁阀14、21、45断电，电磁阀20通电，尿素主喷射容器23建立恒定的工作压力，同时，电磁阀58、尿素辅助喷嘴电磁阀32断电，系统重新切换为主尿素喷嘴33喷射。这样尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56交替供给与喷射。When the urea solution 27 in the urea main injection container 23 is about to run out, the urea auxiliary injection container 56 starts auxiliary injection, and the solenoid valve 58 is energized. The pressure of the urea solution 52 in the urea auxiliary injection container 56 is adjusted by the electromagnetic valve 58 to always maintain the same constant pressure as the compressed air, and a constant internal pressure is established in the urea auxiliary injection container 56. When the electromagnetic valve of the urea auxiliary nozzle 32 is energized, the urea auxiliary The nozzle 32 starts to auxiliary spray the urea solution, and the injection amount of urea is measured by adjusting the duty ratio of the solenoid valve of the urea auxiliary nozzle 32 . While the urea auxiliary injection container 56 is auxiliary spraying, the solenoid valve 20 and the solenoid valve of the main nozzle 33 are de-energized, the solenoid valves 14, 21, 45 are energized, and the pneumatic vacuum pump 17 utilizes the jet flow of compressed air to generate entrainment, and the urea tank 38 The urea solution 39 in the urea is pumped in the urea main injection container 23, and the urea main injection container 23 starts feeding; The injection container 23 establishes a constant working pressure, and at the same time, the electromagnetic valve 58 and the urea auxiliary nozzle electromagnetic valve 32 are powered off, and the system switches to the main urea nozzle 33 for injection again. In this way, the urea main injection container 23 and the urea auxiliary injection container 56 are alternately supplied and injected.
当尿素喷射结束后，电磁阀14、21、59及主尿素喷嘴电磁阀33、辅助尿素喷嘴电磁阀32通电，其余电磁阀断电，气动式真空泵17工作，将尿素主喷射管路28、尿素辅助喷射管路29中的残余尿素溶液抽回至尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56中。之后，电磁阀14、21、59及主尿素喷嘴电磁阀33、辅助尿素喷嘴电磁阀32断电，气动式真空泵17停机，电磁阀20、45、47、58通电，压缩空气将尿素主喷射容器23和尿素辅助喷射容器56中剩余的尿素溶液压回至尿素箱38内。After the urea injection is over, the solenoid valves 14, 21, 59, the main urea nozzle solenoid valve 33, and the auxiliary urea nozzle solenoid valve 32 are energized, and the remaining solenoid valves are powered off, and the pneumatic vacuum pump 17 works to energize the urea main injection pipeline 28, urea The residual urea solution in the auxiliary injection pipeline 29 is drawn back into the urea main injection container 23 and the urea auxiliary injection container 56 . Afterwards, the solenoid valves 14, 21, 59, the main urea nozzle solenoid valve 33, and the auxiliary urea nozzle solenoid valve 32 are de-energized, the pneumatic vacuum pump 17 is shut down, the solenoid valves 20, 45, 47, 58 are energized, and the compressed air drives the urea main injection container 23 and the remaining urea solution in the urea auxiliary injection container 56 is pressed back in the urea tank 38.
尿素箱38上安装有液位传感器40，测量尿素箱36内尿素溶液39的液位高度；在尿素箱38上还装有温度传感器42，测量尿素溶液39的温度；采用加热继电器开关与加热电阻丝43(或发动机冷却液)加热尿素箱38中的尿素溶液39；利用尿素溶液过滤器41过滤尿素箱38中的尿素溶液39；通过尿素加注口与通气塞44，为尿素箱38添加尿素及保持尿素箱38内气压平衡、空气清洁。A liquid level sensor 40 is installed on the urea tank 38 to measure the liquid level height of the urea solution 39 in the urea tank 36; a temperature sensor 42 is also installed on the urea tank 38 to measure the temperature of the urea solution 39; a heating relay switch and a heating resistor are used Silk 43 (or engine coolant) heats the urea solution 39 in the urea tank 38; Utilize the urea solution filter 41 to filter the urea solution 39 in the urea tank 38; add urea for the urea tank 38 by the urea filling port and the vent plug 44 And keep the air pressure balance and clean air in the urea solution tank 38.
如图2所示，尿素主喷嘴33、尿素辅助喷嘴32成一定角度安装在发动机排气管60上。As shown in FIG. 2 , the urea main nozzle 33 and the urea auxiliary nozzle 32 are installed on the engine exhaust pipe 60 at a certain angle.
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