CN104727810B - With bore TT＆C system downgoing communication device and its under pass the means of communication - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a downlink communication device of a measurement and control system while drilling and a downlink communication method thereof. The downlink communication device includes a ground control system (13), a mud pump (5) installed on a pressure buffer mechanism or a hydraulic energy storage mechanism ) and the downlink communication mechanism (14) in the mud delivery manifold (4) between the drill pipe and the signal receiving and data processing mechanism installed in the drill tool assembly connected to the drill pipe downhole, and the ground control system (13) It is electrically connected with the downlink communication mechanism (14), and the downlink communication mechanism (14) is connected with the signal receiving and data processing mechanism through the mud delivery manifold (4). The device can establish or realize downlink communication without changing the displacement of the current circulation system and without interrupting the normal drilling operation.

Description

Downlink communication device and downlink communication method of measurement and control system while drilling

technical field

The invention relates to a downlink communication device and a downlink communication method of a measurement and control system while drilling for downhole data or instructions in the field of drilling engineering.

Background technique

During the drilling process, the rotary table, top drive or power drilling tool drives the drill bit to rotate, and drills through the formation to achieve the purpose of drilling. In the drilling process of horizontal wells, directional wells, and complex structure wells, tools such as measurement while drilling and logging while drilling have been widely used, and the application of rotary steering and vertical drilling tools is gradually increasing. In addition to gas drilling, conventional drilling uses mud to transport cuttings from the bottom of the well to the surface, and tools such as downhole measurement while drilling, logging while drilling and rotary steering use mud pressure pulses as the medium for signal upload. As the complexity of drilling increases, the need for communication between the surface and the downhole has gradually received attention and attention.

At present, the methods of using mud as a medium to transmit data from the surface to downhole intelligent tools and instruments include: changing the displacement of the downhole, changing the driving speed, and transmitting pressure pulses. The patent GB2444657A discloses a method for changing the downhole circulating displacement. This method adds a set of mud pumps on the ground, controls the shutdown of the pump to realize the change of the displacement, and detects the change of the displacement downhole to realize the downstream communication. The patent US2005209782A1 discloses a downhole transmission method with an underground motor. Through the sensor installed under the motor rotor, it detects the ground-to-motor rotor speed control change to realize downlink communication. Patents US4763258 and US6267185 disclose methods of controlling downhole intelligent tools and instruments by changing the rotation speed or rotation angle of the drilling tool, detecting the change of rotation speed or rotation angle by the downhole sensor, decoding according to a predetermined code. Patent US2011/0286308A1 discloses a method of installing a discharge device on a pressure manifold. By controlling the discharge device in a pre-coded manner, the fixed displacement is pumped to the downhole mud discharge, so that the downhole discharge or The sub-pulse of the flow rate is detected and decoded by downhole intelligent instruments or tools to realize downlink communication.

The current downstream communication methods of the mud telemetry system, the common methods include: (i) The ways to change the displacement include positive pulse displacement and secondary pulse displacement, which are respectively adding additional displacement supply or increasing discharge in the pressure manifold device. This type of method needs to install valves and control systems on the ground pressure manifold, and increase or decrease the displacement at the liquid supply end of the circulation system through the opening of the valves. Due to the high system pressure and high equipment safety requirements, the system is bulky. At the same time, the erosion of the valve is relatively serious, and frequent movements can easily lead to potential safety hazards. (ii) The method of changing the speed or rotation angle of surface drive or downhole motor. The existence of stick-slip and friction makes it very difficult to control the speed or rotation angle of the bottom drilling tool from the ground, making it difficult to establish downlink communication.

In summary, the disadvantages of the existing downlink communication systems and methods are: adding additional displacement supply or adding drainage devices in the pressure manifold will change the displacement of the current circulation system and lead to complex structures; changing the surface drive or downhole motor It is difficult to establish downlink communication in the way of speed or rotation angle, and it needs to be established under the premise of interrupting the normal drilling operation.

Contents of the invention

A technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a downlink communication device of a measurement and control system while drilling, which can establish or realize downlink communication without changing the displacement of the current circulation system and without interrupting the normal drilling operation.

Aiming at this technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a downlink communication device of a measurement and control system while drilling with the following structure, including a ground control system, a mud pump installed on a pressure buffer mechanism or a hydraulic energy storage mechanism, and a drill The downlink communication mechanism in the mud delivery manifold between the rods and the signal receiving and data processing mechanism installed in the drill tool assembly connected to the drill pipe downhole, the ground control system is electrically connected to the downlink communication mechanism, and the downlink communication mechanism It is connected with the signal receiving and data processing mechanism through the mud delivery manifold.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the downlink communication mechanism is controlled by the ground control system to generate a pulse signal in a non-discharging manner, and the pulse signal is transmitted to the downhole signal receiving and data processing mechanism through the mud delivery manifold. Therefore, it is possible to establish or realize downlink communication without changing the displacement of the current circulation system and without interrupting the normal drilling operation.

As an improvement of the device of the present invention, the downward communication mechanism includes a pressure-bearing pipe, a fixed valve, a moving valve and a control drive mechanism, the fixed valve is fixed in the pressure-bearing pipe, and the fixed valve is provided with an overflow valve. The movable valve moves back and forth relative to the fixed valve under the action of the driving mechanism to change the flow area of the flow passage of the fixed valve to form flow fluctuations. The control drive mechanism is electrically connected to the ground control system. By controlling the movement of the brake valve relative to the fixed valve, the flow area is changed to form a flow pulse, and the flow pulse is transmitted to the signal receiving and data processing mechanism for receiving and decoding. The downstream communication mechanism that forms the flow pulse by changing the flow area basically has no effect on the mud pump and the existing drilling rig, and the transmission of the flow pulse signal does not affect the normal drilling operation. The downstream communication mechanism adopts a valve structure, which only has a small impact on the pressure of the circulation system during the establishment and execution of the downstream communication process. In the non-working state, it neither increases the pressure loss nor reduces the displacement.

As a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention, the drive mechanism includes a drive mechanism for driving the movable valve and a control mechanism for controlling the drive mechanism, and the control mechanism is electrically connected to the ground control system. The ground control system sends instructions to the control mechanism, and the control mechanism controls the driving mechanism to drive the movable valve. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

As another preference of the device of the present invention, the movable valve is connected to the pressure-bearing pipe through a plurality of bases,

One of the pedestals is a communication pedestal on which a communication cable is installed, through which the control mechanism communicates with the ground control system. The base acts as a limit valve, so that the valve moves back and forth or rotates within the stroke range to change the stroke flow pulse of the flow area. Communication devices include connecting wires or connecting cables to realize communication or communication between the ground control system and the control mechanism.

As another preference of the device of the present invention, the signal receiving and data processing mechanism includes a signal receiving unit and a data processor, the signal receiving unit is electrically connected to the data processor, and the signal receiving unit receives the The signal transmitted through the mud delivery manifold is decoded and then transmitted to the data processor. The signal receiving unit monitors and receives the flow pulse signal, and realizes the decoding of the pulse signal. The data processor receives and processes the data transmitted by the signal receiving unit, and generally also has the function of sending signals upward.

As another preference of the device of the present invention, the signal receiving unit includes a flow detection component. A flow sensor may be used as the flow detection component, and the flow pulse signal transmitted down is detected by the flow sensor.

As another preference of the device of the present invention, the data processor is an intelligent tool or instrument. When the intelligent tool or instrument at the bottom of the well receives the synchronous pulse signal of the downlink communication signal, it closes the upload signal and starts to receive the downlink data or instructions; when it receives the end pulse signal of the downlink communication signal, it stops receiving the downlink data or instructions and turns on Upload signal. The intelligent tool or instrument can not only receive the data transmitted by the signal receiving unit, but also realize the upload communication with the ground control system.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a downlink communication method of a measurement and control system while drilling that can establish or realize downlink communication through a non-leakage method.

Aiming at this technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a downlink communication method of the measurement and control system while drilling using the device of the present invention, and includes the following steps: sending instructions to the downlink communication mechanism through the ground control system, downlinking The communication mechanism controls the relative movement between the brake valve and the fixed valve so as to change the flow area to form a pulse signal and transmit it to the signal receiving and data processing mechanism. The signal receiving and data processing mechanism receives the pulse signal and processes the pulse signal.

Compared with the existing method for realizing downlink communication, the present invention adopts a non-leakage method, and establishes or realizes downlink communication without changing the displacement of the existing circulation system. Moreover, the operation is simple and easy to implement.

As a preferred method of the method of the present invention, the pulse signal forms a pulse code sequence and transmits it down in units of code units consisting of displacement negative pulses and pulse intervals. The pulse code transmission is realized by such a coding method as displacement negative pulse and pulse interval.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a drilling rig system including the downlink communication device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a downlink communication mechanism in the downlink communication device in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the traffic pulse signal of the downlink communication device in FIG. 2 .

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a structural diagram of a drilling rig including the downlink communication device of the present invention. During conventional drilling, the drilling rig system includes at least one mud pump 5, mud delivery manifold 4, swimming system 2, cock nipple 3 and drill pipe 7, and an annulus 8 is formed between the drilling rig and the drilling. The mud pump 5 usually has a pressure buffer mechanism or a hydraulic energy storage mechanism. In this embodiment, the mud pump 5 has an air bag 6 to play the role of pressure buffer. The drilling fluid pumped out by the mud pump 5, that is, the mud, passes through the mud delivery manifold 4, the swimming system 2, flows through the circulation system formed by the cock nipple 3, the drill pipe 7, the drill bit 12 and the annular space 8, and then returns.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the downlink communication device of the drilling rig system includes a ground control system 13, a mud pump installed between the mud pump 5 and the drill pipe 7 with a pressure buffer mechanism or a hydraulic energy storage mechanism. The downlink communication mechanism 14 in the manifold 4 and the signal receiving and data processing mechanism installed in the drill tool assembly connected to the drill pipe 7 downhole, the ground control system 13 and the downlink communication mechanism 14 are electrically connected, and the downlink communication mechanism 14 It is connected with the signal receiving and data processing mechanism through the mud delivery manifold 4. The signal receiving and data processing mechanism includes a signal receiving unit 10 and an intelligent tool or instrument. The signal receiving unit 10 and the intelligent tool or instrument are installed on the bottom of the drilling tool assembly, and are connected to the drill bit 12 below. A flow detection component, such as a flow sensor, is installed inside the signal receiving unit 10 .

The downlink communication mechanism 14 can be installed at any position in the mud delivery manifold 4 between the mud pump 5 and the cock nipple 3. The downlink communication device in the present invention does not increase additional fluid loss in the circulation system, and forms a A non-leakage downlink communication method. During the working process, the ground control system 13 controls the downlink communication mechanism 14, and controls the action of the downlink communication mechanism 14 according to a predetermined code, so that the flow rate of the mud in the drill pipe 7 changes, and the signal receiving unit 10 detects the flow through the built-in flow rate. Components, detect flow changes, and send instructions to intelligent tools or instruments after decoding according to predetermined codes.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the downlink communication mechanism 14 in the downlink communication device of the present invention. In this embodiment, the downlink communication mechanism 14 includes a fixed valve 16 , a movable valve 17 , a drive mechanism 18 , a control mechanism 19 and a base 22 . The base 22 includes a communication base 20 on which a communication cable 21 is installed. The movable valve 17 is installed inside the pressure-bearing pipe 15 through the base 22 and the communication base 20 , and the movable valve 17 is driven to move relative to the fixed valve 16 through the control mechanism 19 and the driving mechanism 18 . The communication base 20 is the communication interface between the downlink communication mechanism 14 and the ground control system 13 , and the communication cable 21 of the downlink communication mechanism 14 is drawn out from the pressure tube 15 and connected with the ground control system 13 . The downlink communication mechanism 14 is connected to the signal receiving unit 10 through the mud delivery manifold 4 . The fixed valve 16 and the movable valve 17 form a flow-limiting valve group, which can be a linear motion valve or a rotary valve. The flow-limiting effect is generated by changing the flow area between the fixed valve 16 and the movable valve 17 . The driving mechanism 18 can be driven by a motor or a hydraulic system to control the position of the brake valve 17 relative to the fixed valve 16 . When the control mechanism 19 receives the action instruction issued by the ground control system 13, it controls the action of the driving mechanism 18, changes the flow area of the flow limiting valve formed by the movable valve 17 and the fixed valve 16, and produces a throttling effect, increasing the pressure of the circulatory system of the drilling rig , due to the existence of the air bag 6, the displacement decreases in a short time, causing the circulation system flow to produce secondary pulse flow fluctuations.

As shown in Figure 3, when the circulation system of the drilling rig works normally, the displacement is basically stable. When the fixed valve 17 moves or rotates relative to the fixed valve 16 under the drive of the drive mechanism 18, the flow area of the restrictor valve decreases. Displacement drop 24 is formed on the curve of the base displacement 23, and then the fixed valve 17 returns to the initial position, forming a displacement recovery 25; due to the existence of the air bag 6, a short-term displacement overshoot 26 occurs and then returns to the base displacement 23. Complete a displacement negative pulse 30. A downlink signal sequence consists of a plurality of displacement negative pulses 30, and there are the same or different pulse intervals 27 between each displacement negative pulse, forming an encoding interval such as encoding unit 28 or encoding unit 29, which can realize data Encoding, and finally realizing data downloading. The downhole signal receiving unit 10 detects the negative pulse of the displacement through the flow sensor, calculates such as the encoding unit 28 and the encoding unit 29, decodes the signal, and receives the downlink data.

Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it can be understood that various modifications or substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in each embodiment can be combined with each other, and the formed combined features still fall within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A downlink communication device of a measurement and control system while drilling, comprising a ground control system (13), a mud delivery pipe installed between a mud pump (5) with a pressure buffer mechanism or a hydraulic energy storage mechanism and a drill pipe (7) The downlink communication mechanism (14) in the sink (4) and the signal receiving and data processing mechanism installed in the drill tool assembly connected to the drill pipe (7) downhole, the ground control system (13) and the downlink communication mechanism (14 ) is electrically connected, and the downlink communication mechanism (14) is connected with the signal receiving and data processing mechanism through the mud delivery manifold (4); The downward communication mechanism includes a pressure tube (15), a fixed valve (16), a moving valve (17) and a control drive mechanism, the fixed valve (16) is fixed in the pressure tube (15), and the fixed valve (16) is fixed in the pressure tube (15). The valve (16) is provided with an overflow channel, and the movable valve (17) moves back and forth relative to the fixed valve (16) under the action of the driving mechanism to change the overflow area of the overflow channel of the fixed valve (16) to form a flow rate. fluctuation, the control driving mechanism is electrically connected with the ground control system (13). 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism comprises a drive mechanism (18) for driving the movable valve (17) and a control mechanism (19) for controlling the drive mechanism (18), The control mechanism (19) is electrically connected with the ground control system (13). 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the movable valve (17) is connected to the pressure-bearing pipe (15) through a plurality of bases (22), wherein one base (22) is installed The communication base (20) of the communication cable (21) enables the control mechanism (19) to communicate with the ground control system (13) through the communication cable (21). 4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the signal receiving and data processing mechanism comprises a signal receiving unit (10) and a data processor (11), and the signal receiving unit ( 10) Electrically connected with the data processor (11), the signal receiving unit (10) receives the signal transmitted by the downlink communication mechanism (14) through the mud delivery manifold (4), decodes the signal and transmits it to the data processing device (11). 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that, the signal receiving unit (10) includes a flow detection component. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the data processor (11) is an intelligent tool or instrument. 7. A downlink communication method of a measurement and control system while drilling, using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprising the following steps: The ground control system (13) sends instructions to the downlink communication mechanism (14), and the downlink communication mechanism (14) controls the relative movement between the brake valve (17) and the fixed valve (16) to change the flow area to form a pulse signal transmission For the signal receiving and data processing mechanism, the signal receiving and data processing mechanism receives the pulse signal and processes the pulse signal. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, the pulse signal forms a pulse coding sequence in units of a coding unit (28, 29) consisting of a displacement negative pulse (30) and a pulse interval (27). pass. 9. A drilling rig system comprising the device according to any one of claims 1-6.