CN104950811A - Method for fast judging assembling quality of numerically-controlled machine tool feeding system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别方法，其基于数控机床内置传感器的信号进行判别，包括如下步骤：确定数控机床进给系统的进给速度和行程范围，利用根据进给速度和行程范围生成的进给G代码控制数控机床进给系统做进给运动，从而获取正常装配条件下进给系统的内置传感器的信号以作为参考样本参数；采用进给G代码控制，使新装配的进给系统做进给运动，并获取该新装配进给系统内置传感器的实时监测信号；通过实时监测信号与参考样本参数进行在线比较，以此实现数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别。采用本发明的判别方法对数控机床进给系统装配质量进行判别，具有省时省力，判别简单快速，效率高等优点。
The invention discloses a method for quickly discriminating the assembly quality of the feeding system of a numerically controlled machine tool, which is based on the signal of a built-in sensor of the numerically controlled machine tool, and comprises the following steps: determining the feeding speed and stroke range of the feeding system of the numerically controlled machine tool, using the The feed G code generated for the speed and stroke range controls the feed motion of the CNC machine tool feed system, so as to obtain the signal of the built-in sensor of the feed system under normal assembly conditions as a reference sample parameter; adopt the feed G code control, so that The newly assembled feed system performs feed motion, and obtains the real-time monitoring signal of the built-in sensor of the new assembly feed system; through the online comparison between the real-time monitoring signal and the reference sample parameters, the rapid assembly quality of the feed system of the CNC machine tool can be realized judge. The discriminating method of the invention is used to discriminate the assembly quality of the feeding system of the numerical control machine tool, which has the advantages of saving time and labor, simple and fast discriminating, and high efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于数控机床装配质量监测技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool assembly quality monitoring, and more specifically relates to a method for rapidly discriminating the assembly quality of a feed system of a numerical control machine tool.
背景技术Background technique
数控机床中的进给系统作为机床中重要的传输部件，其装配性能的好坏，直接影响着工件的加工品质、丝杠寿命和成本的控制。针对一些应用于汽车领域的加工机床，尤其是用于发动机缸盖、缸体的加工，往往对丝杠的损耗很大，这就要求在进给系统进行更换的时候，一定要确保其拥有一个良好的装配质量，否则会影响工件的加工质量及系统的寿命。The feed system in the CNC machine tool is an important transmission part in the machine tool. The quality of its assembly performance directly affects the processing quality of the workpiece, the life of the screw and the cost control. For some processing machine tools used in the automotive field, especially for the processing of engine cylinder heads and cylinder blocks, the loss of the screw is often large, which requires that when the feed system is replaced, it must be ensured that it has a Good assembly quality, otherwise it will affect the processing quality of the workpiece and the life of the system.
现有的监测机床装配质量比较普遍的方法，就是进行工件的试切，再通过三坐标对其进行检验，工件合格，则安装达标，但是三坐标的测量往往耗费的时间比较长，同时第一次试切的工件不一定合格，这不紧耗费大量的时间，同时对成本造成一定的浪费。此外，针对数控机床装配质量的监测大部分依据实践经验，也有部分通过外置传感器获取机床的信号，对机床的装配质量进行评价，但是其通过在装配时布置辅助传感器费时费力，且成本高，监测效率低。The existing method for monitoring the assembly quality of machine tools is relatively common, which is to test the workpiece and then inspect it through three-dimensional coordinates. If the workpiece is qualified, the installation is up to standard. The workpieces cut for the first time may not be qualified, which will consume a lot of time and cause a certain waste of cost. In addition, most of the monitoring of the assembly quality of CNC machine tools is based on practical experience, and some of them obtain the signal of the machine tool through external sensors to evaluate the assembly quality of the machine tool. However, it is time-consuming, laborious and costly to arrange auxiliary sensors during assembly. Monitoring efficiency is low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的上述缺点和/或改进需求，本发明提供了一种数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别方法，其中直接利用进给系统自身的内置传感器，获取进给系统的位置信号和电流信号，并通过实时比较进给系统正常安装情况下及新安装情况下的信号，从而快速、准确的获取进给系统的装配质量，同时，本发明无需对工件进行测试，也无需进行三坐标的测量，因此，具备监测效率高、成本低、省时省力等优点，因而尤其适用于数控机床进给系统的装配质量的在线监测。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and/or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for quickly discriminating the assembly quality of the feeding system of a CNC machine tool, wherein the built-in sensor of the feeding system itself is directly used to obtain the position signal and current signal, and by comparing the signals in the normal installation situation and the new installation situation of the feeding system in real time, so as to quickly and accurately obtain the assembly quality of the feeding system. Therefore, it has the advantages of high monitoring efficiency, low cost, time-saving and labor-saving, so it is especially suitable for on-line monitoring of the assembly quality of the feeding system of CNC machine tools.
为实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别方法，其基于数控机床内置传感器的信号进行判别，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a method for quickly discriminating the assembly quality of a CNC machine tool feed system, which is based on the signal of the built-in sensor of the CNC machine tool for discriminating, and is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
(1)参考样本参数的确定：(1) Determination of reference sample parameters:
选用正常装配条件下的数控机床进给系统作为参考样本，确定该数控机床进给系统的进给速度和行程范围，根据上述进给速度和行程范围生成进给G代码；利用该进给G代码控制所述数控机床进给系统做进给运动，从而产生激励；在该激励的作用下，获取所述正常装配条件下的进给系统的内置传感器的信号以作为参考样本参数；Select the CNC machine tool feed system under normal assembly conditions as a reference sample, determine the feed speed and stroke range of the CNC machine tool feed system, and generate the feed G code according to the above feed speed and stroke range; use the feed G code Controlling the feeding system of the CNC machine tool to perform feeding motion, thereby generating excitation; under the action of the excitation, obtaining the signal of the built-in sensor of the feeding system under normal assembly conditions as a reference sample parameter;
(2)新装配的进给系统装配质量的在线判别：(2) On-line judgment of the assembly quality of the newly assembled feed system:
将新装配的进给系统作为在线判别对象，并采用步骤(1)中生成的所述进给G代码控制其做进给运动，从而产生激励；在该激励的作用下，获取所述新装配的进给系统内置传感器的实时监测信号；通过该实时监测信号与步骤(1)中的参考样本参数进行在线比较，获得数控机床新装配进给系统的装配质量，以此方式，实现了数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别。The feed system of the new assembly is used as an online judgment object, and the feed G code generated in step (1) is used to control its feed motion, thereby generating incentives; under the action of the incentive, the new assembly is obtained The real-time monitoring signal of the built-in sensor of the feeding system; through the online comparison between the real-time monitoring signal and the reference sample parameters in step (1), the assembly quality of the newly assembled feeding system of the CNC machine tool is obtained. In this way, the CNC machine tool is realized. Quick judgment of assembly quality of feed system.
作为进一步优选的，所述内置传感器的信号和所述内置传感器的实时监测信号均包括电流信号和位置信号。As a further preference, both the signal of the built-in sensor and the real-time monitoring signal of the built-in sensor include a current signal and a position signal.
作为进一步优选的，所述的进给系统装配质量的快速判别包括进给系统联轴器是否存在间隙的判别、进给系统装配是否水平的判别和进给系统锁紧螺母是否锁死的判别。As a further preference, the rapid judgment of the assembly quality of the feeding system includes judging whether there is a gap in the coupling of the feeding system, judging whether the assembly of the feeding system is level, and judging whether the locking nut of the feeding system is locked.
作为进一步优选的，所述的进给系统联轴器是否存在间隙的判别，具体过程如下：分别提取正常装配条件下以及新装配条件下的进给系统内置传感器的位置信号的跟随误差，通过上述两个位置信号的跟随误差的比较，实时判别所述新装配的进给系统联轴器是否存在间隙。As a further preference, the specific process for judging whether there is a gap in the feed system coupling is as follows: respectively extract the following errors of the position signals of the built-in sensors of the feed system under normal assembly conditions and new assembly conditions, through the above-mentioned By comparing the following errors of the two position signals, it is judged in real time whether there is a gap in the newly assembled coupling of the feed system.
作为进一步优选的，所述的进给系统装配是否水平的判别，具体过程如下：分别提取正常装配条件下以及新装配条件下的进给系统内置传感器的有功电流信号，通过上述两个有功电流信号的比较，实时判别所述新装配的进给系统装配是否水平。As a further preference, the specific process for judging whether the assembly of the feed system is level is as follows: extract the active current signals of the built-in sensors of the feed system under normal assembly conditions and new assembly conditions respectively, and pass the above two active current signals comparison, and judge in real time whether the assembly of the newly assembled feed system is level.
作为进一步优选的，所述的进给系统锁紧螺母是否锁死的判别，具体过程如下：分别提取正常装配条件下以及新装配条件下的进给系统内置传感器的电流信号的响应时间，通过上述两个电流信号响应时间的比较，实时判别所述新装配的进给系统丝杠是否锁死。As a further preference, the specific process for judging whether the locking nut of the feed system is locked is as follows: respectively extract the response time of the current signal of the built-in sensor of the feed system under normal assembly conditions and new assembly conditions, and pass the above-mentioned By comparing the response time of the two current signals, it is judged in real time whether the screw of the newly assembled feed system is locked.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，主要具备以下的技术优点：Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1.本发明直接通过机床内的内置传感器获取位置及电流信号，将新装配的进给系统与正常安装条件下获取的样本信号进行比较，来测定机床进给系统的动态误差，实现快速方便的判别进给系统的装配质量，如实现进给系统联轴器间隙的判别，进给系统装配是否水平的判别和进给系统锁紧螺母是否锁死的判别。1. The present invention directly obtains the position and current signals through the built-in sensor in the machine tool, and compares the newly assembled feed system with the sample signal obtained under normal installation conditions to measure the dynamic error of the machine tool feed system, realizing fast and convenient Judging the assembly quality of the feed system, such as realizing the judgment of the coupling clearance of the feed system, judging whether the assembly of the feed system is level, and judging whether the locking nut of the feed system is locked.
2.本发明能够快速判定现场新更换进给系统的装配质量，标定快速，适应现场环境，不需要浪费工件进行测试，不需要长时间的等待三坐标的测量结果，节约时间与成本，省时省力，判别简单、快速，且效率高。2. The present invention can quickly determine the assembly quality of the newly replaced feed system on site, and the calibration is fast, adapting to the site environment, without wasting workpieces for testing, and without waiting for the measurement results of the three coordinates for a long time, saving time and cost, and saving time Labor-saving, simple, fast, and high-efficiency discrimination.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种进给系统装配质量判别方法的具体实施流程图；Fig. 1 is the concrete implementation flowchart of a kind of feeding system assembly quality discriminating method of the present invention;
图2是辨识进给系统联轴器存在间隙的具体实施例；Fig. 2 is a specific embodiment of identifying gaps in the feed system coupling;
图3是辨识进给系统丝杠安装不水平的具体实施例；Fig. 3 is a specific embodiment for identifying that the lead screw of the feed system is not installed horizontally;
图4是辨识进给系统锁紧螺母未锁死的具体实施例。Fig. 4 is a specific embodiment of identifying that the locking nut of the feed system is not locked.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.
数控机床的进给系统在安装过程中，由于生产中的更换与新机装配外部条件不同，导致其安装与理论的装配存在一定的偏差，会产生偏心、扭曲等误差，需要一个现场快速识别其装配误差的方法，本发明提供了一种数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别方法。During the installation process of the feed system of CNC machine tools, due to the different external conditions between the replacement in production and the assembly of the new machine, there is a certain deviation between its installation and theoretical assembly, and errors such as eccentricity and distortion will occur. As for the method of assembly error, the invention provides a method for quickly discriminating the assembly quality of the feed system of the numerical control machine tool.
下面所描述的即为本发明的具体实施方式，一种直接通过内置传感器获取的信号简单快速辨识进给系统装配质量的方法，该方法具体包括：The following description is the specific implementation of the present invention, a method for simply and quickly identifying the assembly quality of the feed system directly through the signal obtained by the built-in sensor, the method specifically includes:
(1)参考样本参数的确定：(1) Determination of reference sample parameters:
选用正常装配条件下的数控机床进给系统作为参考样本，确定数控机床进给系统的进给速度和行程范围，根据上述进给速度和行程范围生成进给G代码；利用该进给G代码控制数控机床进给系统做进给运动(来回运行几趟)，从而产生激励；在该激励的作用下，获取所述正常装配条件下进给系统的内置传感器的信号以作为参考样本参数；Select the CNC machine tool feed system under normal assembly conditions as a reference sample, determine the feed speed and stroke range of the CNC machine tool feed system, and generate the feed G code according to the above feed speed and stroke range; use the feed G code to control The feeding system of the CNC machine tool performs feeding motion (running back and forth several times), thereby generating excitation; under the action of the excitation, the signal of the built-in sensor of the feeding system under the normal assembly condition is obtained as a reference sample parameter;
(2)新装配的进给系统装配质量的在线判别：(2) On-line judgment of the assembly quality of the newly assembled feed system:
采用步骤(1)中生成的进给G代码控制作为在线判别对象的新装配的进给系统(即新更换进给零部件的数控机床的进给系统)做进给运动，从而产生激励；在该激励的作用下，获取所述新装配的进给系统内置传感器的实时监测信号；通过该实时监测信号与步骤(1)中的参考样本参数进行在线比较，获得数控机床新装配的进给系统的装配质量情况，以此方式，实现了数控机床进给系统装配质量的快速判别。The feed G code generated in step (1) is used to control the feed motion of the newly assembled feed system (that is, the feed system of the CNC machine tool that newly replaces the feed parts) as the online judgment object, thereby generating excitation; Under the action of this excitation, obtain the real-time monitoring signal of the built-in sensor of the feed system of described new assembly; Carry out online comparison with the reference sample parameter in the step (1) by this real-time monitoring signal, obtain the feed system of the newly assembled CNC machine tool In this way, the rapid judgment of the assembly quality of the feeding system of the CNC machine tool is realized.
进给系统装配质量的快速判别包括进给系统联轴器是否存在间隙的判别、进给系统装配是否水平的判别和进给系统锁紧螺母是否锁死的判别；所述内置传感器的信号和所述内置传感器的实时监测信号均包括电流信号和位置信号。The rapid judgment of the assembly quality of the feed system includes the judgment of whether there is a gap in the coupling of the feed system, the judgment of whether the assembly of the feed system is level, and the judgment of whether the locking nut of the feed system is locked; the signal of the built-in sensor and the The real-time monitoring signals of the above-mentioned built-in sensors include current signals and position signals.
监测的信号为电流信号和位置信号的原因如下：The reasons why the monitored signals are current signals and position signals are as follows:
一是当联轴器结合部存在间隙时，进给轴在运转的时候存在一定的波动，通过内置传感器获取的位置信号就会表现出波动；One is that when there is a gap in the joint of the coupling, there will be certain fluctuations in the feed shaft when it is running, and the position signal obtained by the built-in sensor will show fluctuations;
二是当进给系统装配不水平时，进给系统的等效摩擦力矩Tf比正常装配条件下的大，而摩擦力矩的增大会引起电流的增大；当丝杠安装不水平时，导致电机克服的摩擦力矩增大，电流幅值偏大Second, when the assembly of the feed system is not level, the equivalent friction torque T f of the feed system is larger than that under normal assembly conditions, and the increase of the friction torque will cause the increase of the current; when the screw is not installed horizontally, it will cause The friction torque overcome by the motor increases, and the current amplitude is too large
三是当进给系统锁紧螺母未锁死时，进给系统在进行换向的时候，内置传感器获取的电流信号在响应的时候存在一个响应时间，正常安装状态下，换向之间的反应时间只会存在电气系统引起的反应时间te，而锁紧螺母未锁死的状态下，在进给系统换向时，其反应时间除了电气系统造成的时间te外，还有机械部分造成的反应时间tm。The third is that when the lock nut of the feed system is not locked, when the feed system is reversing, the current signal obtained by the built-in sensor has a response time when responding. Under normal installation conditions, the reaction between reversing The time only exists the response time t e caused by the electrical system, and when the lock nut is not locked, when the feed system changes direction, the reaction time is not only the time t e caused by the electrical system, but also the mechanical part. The reaction time t m .
因此，选择电流信号、位置信号做为监测对象可以很好的表征进给系统装配质量存在装配不水平、联轴器存在间隙、丝杠锁紧螺母未锁死等故障。Therefore, selecting the current signal and position signal as the monitoring object can well characterize the faults such as uneven assembly quality of the feed system, gaps in the coupling, and unlocked screw lock nuts.
进给系统联轴器是否存在间隙的判别，具体过程如下：分别提取正常装配条件下以及新装配条件下的进给系统内置传感器的位置信号的跟随误差，通过上述两个位置信号的跟随误差的比较，实时判别所述新装配的进给系统联轴器是否存在间隙。所述的跟随误差通过采集传感器光栅尺获取其实际位置与机床指令位置之差而获得，由于间隙的存在在丝杠进行传动的时候，其会不断的存在波动，因此获取机床实际位置与指令位置的差值(即跟随误差)与正常装配条件下的跟随误差进行比较，就可以很好的评估其间隙的存在。如图2所示，当联轴器结合部存在间隙时，进给轴在旋转工作的时候存在一定的波动，通过内置传感器获取的跟随误差信号就会表现出比较大的波动。The specific process of judging whether there is a gap in the coupling of the feed system is as follows: extract the following error of the position signal of the built-in sensor of the feed system under normal assembly conditions and new assembly conditions respectively, and use the following error of the above two position signals By comparison, it is judged in real time whether there is a gap in the newly assembled feed system coupling. The following error is obtained by collecting the difference between the actual position of the sensor grating ruler and the commanded position of the machine tool. Due to the existence of the gap, when the screw is driven, it will constantly fluctuate, so the actual position of the machine tool and the commanded position can be obtained. Comparing the difference (that is, following error) with the following error under normal assembly conditions, the existence of the gap can be well evaluated. As shown in Figure 2, when there is a gap in the joint of the coupling, there will be certain fluctuations when the feed shaft rotates, and the following error signal obtained by the built-in sensor will show relatively large fluctuations.
进给系统装配是否水平的判别，具体过程如下：分别提取正常装配条件下以及新装配条件下的进给系统内置传感器的有功电流信号，通过上述两个有功电流信号的比较，实时判别所述新装配的进给系统装配是否水平。如图3所示，当进给系统装配不水平时，进给系统的等效摩擦力矩Tf比正常装配条件下的大，摩擦力矩的增大会引起电流的增大；当丝杠安装不水平，导致电机克服的摩擦力矩增大，电流幅值偏大。The specific process for judging whether the assembly level of the feed system is as follows: extract the active current signals of the built-in sensors of the feed system under normal assembly conditions and new assembly conditions, and compare the two active current signals above to judge the new ones in real time. Whether the assembled feed system assembly is horizontal. As shown in Figure 3, when the assembly of the feed system is not level, the equivalent friction torque T f of the feed system is larger than that under normal assembly conditions, and the increase of the friction torque will cause the increase of the current; when the screw is not installed horizontally , causing the friction torque overcome by the motor to increase, and the current amplitude is too large.
进给系统锁紧螺母是否锁死的判别，具体过程如下：分别提取正常装配条件下以及新装配条件下的进给系统内置传感器的电流信号的响应时间，通过上述两个电流信号响应时间的比较，实时判别所述新装配的进给系统锁紧螺母是否锁死。如图4所示，进给系统在进行换向的时候，内置传感器获取电机驱动丝杠的电流信号，由于电流信号在启动丝杠的时候存在一个响应时间，正常安装状态下，换向之间的反应时间只会存在电气系统引起的反应时间te，而丝杠未锁死时在进给系统换向的时候，其反应时间除了电气系统造成的时间te，还有机械部分造成的反应时间tm，因此，获取电流信号的响应时间与正常装配条件下电流信号的响应时间进行比较，就可以很好的评估新装配进给系统丝杠的锁紧螺母是否锁死。The specific process of judging whether the locking nut of the feed system is locked is as follows: respectively extract the response time of the current signal of the built-in sensor of the feed system under normal assembly conditions and new assembly conditions, and compare the response time of the above two current signals , to judge in real time whether the newly assembled locking nut of the feed system is locked. As shown in Figure 4, when the feed system is reversing, the built-in sensor acquires the current signal of the motor-driven screw. Since the current signal has a response time when starting the screw, under normal installation conditions, the time between reversing The reaction time only exists the reaction time t e caused by the electrical system, and when the lead screw is not locked, when the feed system changes direction, the reaction time is not only the time t e caused by the electrical system, but also the reaction caused by the mechanical part Time t m , therefore, comparing the response time of acquiring the current signal with the response time of the current signal under normal assembly conditions, it can be well evaluated whether the locking nut of the lead screw of the newly assembled feed system is locked.
本发明方法能够快速判定现场新更换进给系统的装配质量，可以快速进行标定，适应现场环境，不需要浪费工件进行测试，不需要长时间的等待三坐标的测量结果，判别效率高。The method of the invention can quickly determine the assembly quality of the newly replaced feeding system on site, can quickly perform calibration, adapts to the site environment, does not need to waste workpieces for testing, does not need to wait for a long time for the measurement results of three coordinates, and has high identification efficiency.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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