CN105235740A - Hydraulic Power Steering System - Google Patents
Hydraulic Power Steering System Download PDFInfo
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- CN105235740A CN105235740A CN201510716605.5A CN201510716605A CN105235740A CN 105235740 A CN105235740 A CN 105235740A CN 201510716605 A CN201510716605 A CN 201510716605A CN 105235740 A CN105235740 A CN 105235740A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种液压助力转向系统，它包括：转向油壶；转向器，转向器具有转向控制阀，转向控制阀的出油口与转向油壶相连通；转向泵组，转向泵组包括第一转向泵和第二转向泵，第二转向泵的出油口与转向控制阀的进油口相连通；换向阀，换向阀内设置有实现其在第一位置和第二位置之间转换的开启压力值，并且换向阀的开启控制端与转向控制阀的油路相连通；当换向阀处于第一位置时，第一转向泵的出油口通过换向阀与第二转向泵的进油口相连通；当换向阀处于第二位置时，第二转向泵的进油口通过换向阀与转向油壶相连通，第一转向泵的出油口通过换向阀与转向控制阀的进油口相连通。本发明不仅解决了当前重型卡车液压转向系统在发动机低速大转弯和低温启动时转向沉重的问题，而且使得整个转向系统处于适当的工作温度之下运行。
The invention discloses a hydraulic power steering system, which comprises: a steering oil pot; a steering gear, the steering gear has a steering control valve, and the oil outlet of the steering control valve is connected with the steering oil pot; a steering pump set, the steering pump set includes The first steering pump and the second steering pump, the oil outlet of the second steering pump is in communication with the oil inlet of the steering control valve; The opening pressure value switched between, and the opening control end of the reversing valve is connected with the oil circuit of the steering control valve; when the reversing valve is in the first position, the oil outlet of the first steering pump is connected to the second through the reversing valve The oil inlet of the steering pump is connected; when the reversing valve is in the second position, the oil inlet of the second steering pump is connected with the steering oil pot through the reversing valve, and the oil outlet of the first steering pump is connected through the reversing valve. It is connected with the oil inlet port of the steering control valve. The invention not only solves the problem that the current heavy-duty truck hydraulic steering system turns heavy when the engine turns at a low speed and starts at a low temperature, but also makes the whole steering system run at an appropriate working temperature.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种液压助力转向系统，属于液压助力技术领域。The invention relates to a hydraulic power steering system, which belongs to the technical field of hydraulic power assist.
背景技术Background technique
目前，液压助力转向系统的应用日益广泛，由于重型汽车的前轴载荷大，因此动力转向助力系统成为重型汽车的标准配置，主要是从减轻驾驶员疲劳，提高操纵轻便性和稳定性。At present, the hydraulic power steering system is widely used. Due to the heavy load on the front axle of heavy vehicles, the power steering system has become the standard configuration of heavy vehicles, mainly to reduce driver fatigue and improve maneuverability and stability.
液压转向系统液压式动力转向由于油压工作压力高，动力缸尺寸小、质量轻，结构紧凑，油液具有不可压缩性，灵敏度高以及油液的阻尼作用可以吸收里面的冲击等优点而得到广泛应用。当前的液压转向系统通常是由液压和机械等两部分组成，它是以液压油做动力传递介质，通过液压泵产生动力来推动机械转向器，从而实现转向。液压助力转向系统一般由机械转向器、液压泵、油管、分配阀、动力缸、溢流阀和限压阀、油缸等部件组成。为确保系统安全，在液压泵上装有限压阀和溢流阀。其分配阀、转向器和动力缸置于一个整体，分配阀和主动齿轮轴装在一起(阀芯与齿轮轴垂直布置)，阀芯上有控制槽，阀芯通过转向轴上的拨叉拨动。转向轴用销钉与阀中的弹性扭杆相接，该扭杆起到阀的中心定位作用。在齿条的一端装有活塞，并位于动力缸之中，齿条左端与转向横拉杆相接。转向盘转动时，转向轴(连主动齿轮轴)带动阀芯相对滑套运动，使油液通道发生变化，液压油从油泵排出，经控制阀流向动力缸的一侧，推动活塞带动齿条运动，通过横拉杆使车轮偏转而转向。Hydraulic steering system Hydraulic power steering is widely used due to the advantages of high hydraulic pressure, small power cylinder size, light weight, compact structure, incompressibility of oil, high sensitivity, and the damping effect of oil can absorb the impact inside. application. The current hydraulic steering system is usually composed of hydraulic and mechanical parts. It uses hydraulic oil as the power transmission medium, and the hydraulic pump generates power to push the mechanical steering gear to achieve steering. The hydraulic power steering system is generally composed of mechanical steering gear, hydraulic pump, oil pipe, distribution valve, power cylinder, relief valve and pressure limiting valve, oil cylinder and other components. In order to ensure the safety of the system, a pressure limiting valve and an overflow valve are installed on the hydraulic pump. The distribution valve, the steering gear and the power cylinder are integrated, the distribution valve and the driving gear shaft are installed together (the spool and the gear shaft are arranged vertically), there is a control groove on the spool, and the spool is shifted through the fork on the steering shaft. move. The steering shaft connects with the elastic torsion bar in the valve with a pin, and the torsion bar plays the role of central positioning of the valve. A piston is installed at one end of the rack, which is located in the power cylinder, and the left end of the rack is connected with the steering tie rod. When the steering wheel turns, the steering shaft (connected with the driving gear shaft) drives the valve core to move relative to the sliding sleeve, so that the oil channel changes, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the oil pump, flows to the side of the power cylinder through the control valve, and pushes the piston to drive the rack to move , the wheels are deflected through the tie rods to steer.
液压助力转向系统是在驾驶员的控制下，借助于汽车发动机带动液压泵产生的压力来实现车轮转向。由于液压转向可以减少驾驶员手动转向力矩，从而改善了汽车的转向轻便性和操纵稳定性。为保证汽车原地转向或者低速转向时的轻便性，液压泵的排量是以发动机怠速时的流量来确定。汽车起动之后，无论是否转向，系统都要处于工作状态，由于转向液压油低温粘度较高，因此转向系统还存在低温工作性能差等缺点；在大转向车速较低时，助力不足时觉得方向比较沉，需要液压泵输出更大的功率以获得比较大的助力，当发动机怠速状态动力输出不足时还容易导致发动机熄火，另外，当发动机处于高速运转时，通过转向控制阀的流量较大，导致系统升温快，整个系统处于高温工作状态下，加速了转向系统中的密封件的老化速度，影响了转向系统的整体实用寿命。因此，很多重型卡车的转向系统需要加装一套冷却系统来减低整个系统的温度。The hydraulic power steering system is under the control of the driver, with the help of the pressure generated by the hydraulic pump driven by the car engine to realize wheel steering. Since the hydraulic steering can reduce the driver's manual steering torque, the steering portability and handling stability of the car are improved. In order to ensure the portability of the car when turning in situ or turning at low speed, the displacement of the hydraulic pump is determined by the flow of the engine at idle speed. After the car is started, the system must be in working condition regardless of whether it is turning or not. Due to the high low-temperature viscosity of the steering hydraulic oil, the steering system still has disadvantages such as poor low-temperature performance; Shen, the hydraulic pump needs to output more power to obtain a relatively large boost. When the power output of the engine is insufficient at idle speed, it is easy to cause the engine to stall. In addition, when the engine is running at high speed, the flow through the steering control valve is large, resulting in The system heats up quickly, and the whole system is in a high-temperature working state, which accelerates the aging speed of the seals in the steering system and affects the overall practical life of the steering system. Therefore, the steering system of many heavy trucks needs to install a cooling system to reduce the temperature of the whole system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种液压助力转向系统，它不仅解决了当前重型卡车液压转向系统在发动机低速大转弯和低温启动时转向沉重的问题，而且使得整个转向系统处于适当的工作温度之下运行。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a hydraulic power steering system, which not only solves the problem that the current heavy-duty truck hydraulic steering system turns heavy when the engine turns at low speed and starts at low temperature, but also makes the whole The steering system is operating at the proper operating temperature.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种液压助力转向系统，它包括：In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a hydraulic power steering system, which includes:
转向油壶；turn to the oiler;
转向器，所述转向器具有转向控制阀，并且转向控制阀的出油口与转向油壶相连通；Steering gear, the steering gear has a steering control valve, and the oil outlet of the steering control valve communicates with the steering oil pot;
转向泵组，所述转向泵组包括由发动机带动的第一转向泵和第二转向泵，第一转向泵的进油口与转向油壶相连通，第二转向泵的出油口与转向控制阀的进油口相连通；Steering pump group, the steering pump group includes a first steering pump and a second steering pump driven by the engine, the oil inlet of the first steering pump communicates with the steering oil pot, and the oil outlet of the second steering pump communicates with the steering control The oil inlet of the valve is connected;
换向阀，所述换向阀内设置有实现其在第一位置和第二位置之间转换的开启压力值，并且换向阀的开启控制端与转向控制阀的油路相连通；当换向阀处于第一位置时，所述第一转向泵的出油口通过换向阀与第二转向泵的进油口相连通；当换向阀处于第二位置时，所述第二转向泵的进油口通过换向阀与转向油壶相连通，所述第一转向泵的出油口通过换向阀与转向控制阀的进油口相连通。A reversing valve, the reversing valve is provided with an opening pressure value to realize its conversion between the first position and the second position, and the opening control end of the reversing valve is connected with the oil circuit of the steering control valve; when the reversing valve When the reversing valve is in the first position, the oil outlet of the first steering pump communicates with the oil inlet of the second steering pump through the reversing valve; when the reversing valve is in the second position, the oil outlet of the second steering pump The oil inlet of the first steering pump communicates with the steering oil pot through the reversing valve, and the oil outlet of the first steering pump communicates with the oil inlet of the steering control valve through the reversing valve.
进一步为了当换向阀处于第一位置时，所述的第一转向泵输出的液压油全部被第二转向泵吸收，所述第一转向泵的出油口与转向控制阀的进油口处于常通状态，并且所述第二转向阀的排量比所述第一转向阀的排量大。Further, when the reversing valve is in the first position, all the hydraulic oil output by the first steering pump is absorbed by the second steering pump, and the oil outlet of the first steering pump is in the same position as the oil inlet of the steering control valve. normally open state, and the displacement of the second steering valve is larger than that of the first steering valve.
进一步提供了一种换向阀的开启压力值的具体值，所述换向阀的开启压力值为2.0MPa～3.0MPa。Further provided is a specific value of the opening pressure value of the reversing valve, the opening pressure value of the reversing valve is 2.0MPa-3.0MPa.
进一步提供了一种转向器的具体结构，所述转向器为循环球式转向器，所述转向器还包括螺杆、钢球、齿条活塞和带动车轮转向的摇臂轴，螺杆通过钢球与齿条活塞传动连接，以便旋转螺杆时，齿条活塞轴向移动，齿条活塞与摇臂轴啮合。A specific structure of a steering gear is further provided. The steering gear is a recirculating ball steering gear. The steering gear also includes a screw, a steel ball, a rack piston, and a rocker shaft that drives the wheels to turn. The screw rod passes through the steel ball and The rack piston is driven and connected so that when the screw rod is rotated, the rack piston moves axially, and the rack piston meshes with the rocker shaft.
进一步，所述的转向器的螺杆通过输入轴与车辆的方向盘联动连接。Further, the screw rod of the steering gear is linked with the steering wheel of the vehicle through the input shaft.
进一步，所述换向阀为两位三通式液压换向阀。Further, the reversing valve is a two-position three-way hydraulic reversing valve.
采用了上述技术方案后，本发明改善了液压助力转向系统在低温和怠速助力不足的情况，通过选用小输出量的转向泵，减少了转向液在整个系统中的运行量，从而降低了整个液压转向系统的工作温度，延长了系统中密封部件的使用寿命，从而提高了整个转向系统的可靠性；另外，该系统可以省去冷却系统，占用的安装空间小，使得整个转向系统的布置更为方便，同时还降低了整个转向系统的成本，易于推广使用。After adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention improves the situation of insufficient power assist of the hydraulic power steering system at low temperature and idle speed. By selecting a steering pump with a small output, the operating volume of the steering fluid in the entire system is reduced, thereby reducing the overall hydraulic pressure. The working temperature of the steering system prolongs the service life of the sealing components in the system, thereby improving the reliability of the entire steering system; in addition, the system can save the cooling system and occupy a small installation space, making the layout of the entire steering system more convenient. The utility model is convenient, reduces the cost of the whole steering system, and is easy to popularize and use.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的换向阀处于第一位置时的液压助力转向系统的连接示意图；Fig. 1 is a connection schematic diagram of the hydraulic power steering system when the reversing valve of the present invention is in the first position;
图2为本发明的换向阀处于第二位置时的液压助力转向系统的连接示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the hydraulic power steering system when the reversing valve is in the second position of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面根据具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below based on specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1、2所示，一种液压助力转向系统，它包括：As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a hydraulic power steering system includes:
转向油壶8；Turn to oil pot 8;
转向器9，转向器9具有转向控制阀18，并且转向控制阀18的出油口与转向油壶8相连通；The steering gear 9, the steering gear 9 has a steering control valve 18, and the oil outlet of the steering control valve 18 communicates with the steering oil pot 8;
转向泵组，所述转向泵组包括由发动机1带动的第一转向泵2和第二转向泵4，第一转向泵2的进油口与转向油壶8相连通，第二转向泵4的出油口与转向控制阀18的进油口相连通；Steering pump group, described steering pump group comprises the first steering pump 2 driven by engine 1 and the second steering pump 4, the oil inlet of the first steering pump 2 communicates with the steering oil pot 8, the second steering pump 4 The oil outlet communicates with the oil inlet of the steering control valve 18;
换向阀6，换向阀6内设置有实现其在第一位置和第二位置之间转换的开启压力值，并且换向阀6的开启控制端与转向控制阀18的油路相连通；当换向阀6处于第一位置时，所述第一转向泵2的出油口通过换向阀6与第二转向泵4的进油口相连通；当换向阀6处于第二位置时，所述第二转向泵4的进油口通过换向阀6与转向油壶8相连通，第一转向泵2的出油口通过换向阀6与转向控制阀18的进油口相连通。Reversing valve 6, the reversing valve 6 is provided with an opening pressure value to realize its conversion between the first position and the second position, and the opening control end of the reversing valve 6 is connected with the oil circuit of the steering control valve 18; When the reversing valve 6 is in the first position, the oil outlet of the first steering pump 2 communicates with the oil inlet of the second steering pump 4 through the reversing valve 6; when the reversing valve 6 is in the second position , the oil inlet of the second steering pump 4 communicates with the steering oil pot 8 through the reversing valve 6, and the oil outlet of the first steering pump 2 communicates with the oil inlet of the steering control valve 18 through the reversing valve 6 .
如图1、2所示，第一转向泵2的出油口与转向控制阀18的进油口处于常通状态，并且所述第二转向阀4的排量比所述第一转向阀2的排量大。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the oil outlet of the first steering pump 2 and the oil inlet of the steering control valve 18 are in a normally connected state, and the displacement of the second steering valve 4 is larger than that of the first steering valve 2. The displacement is large.
换向阀6的开启压力值为2.0MPa～3.0MPa，但不限于此。The opening pressure value of the reversing valve 6 is 2.0MPa-3.0MPa, but not limited thereto.
如图1、2所示，转向器9为循环球式转向器，转向器9还包括螺杆11、钢球13、齿条活塞10和带动车轮转向的摇臂轴14，螺杆11通过钢球13与齿条活塞10传动连接，以便旋转螺杆11时，齿条活塞10轴向移动，齿条活塞10与摇臂轴14啮合。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the steering gear 9 is a recirculating ball steering gear. The steering gear 9 also includes a screw rod 11, a steel ball 13, a rack piston 10 and a rocker shaft 14 that drives the wheels to turn. The screw rod 11 passes through the steel ball 13. It is transmission connected with the rack piston 10, so that when the screw rod 11 is rotated, the rack piston 10 moves axially, and the rack piston 10 meshes with the rocker shaft 14.
如图1、2所示，转向器9的螺杆11通过输入轴17与车辆的方向盘16联动连接。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the screw rod 11 of the steering gear 9 is linked with the steering wheel 16 of the vehicle through an input shaft 17 .
如图1、2所示，换向阀6为两位三通式液压换向阀。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the reversing valve 6 is a two-position three-way hydraulic reversing valve.
本发明的工作原理如下：The working principle of the present invention is as follows:
如图1和图2所示，重型卡车发动机转速无论是处于低速还是高速运转状态，转动方向盘16后，带动输入轴17，使得液压油通过转向控制阀18的阀口进入转向器9内，在齿条活塞9的运动方向上建立助力油压；当助力油压达到换向阀6的开启压力值后，换向阀6实现了第一位置向第二位置的转换，此时第一转向泵2的出油口与转向器控制阀18的进油口接通，第二转向泵4的进油口与转向油壶8接通，第一转向泵2和第二转向泵4排出的液压油同时供给到转向器控制阀18的进油口；同时齿条活塞9在螺杆11和钢球12作用下带动齿条活塞10运动，进而推动摇臂轴14左右摆动，与摇臂轴14装配在一起的连杆机构带动车轮，最终实现了整车的轻便转向。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, whether the engine speed of a heavy-duty truck is in a low-speed or high-speed running state, after turning the steering wheel 16, the input shaft 17 is driven, so that the hydraulic oil enters the steering gear 9 through the valve port of the steering control valve 18. The booster oil pressure is established in the direction of movement of the rack piston 9; when the booster oil pressure reaches the opening pressure value of the reversing valve 6, the reversing valve 6 realizes the conversion from the first position to the second position, at this time the first steering pump The oil outlet of 2 is connected to the oil inlet of the steering gear control valve 18, the oil inlet of the second steering pump 4 is connected to the steering oil pot 8, and the hydraulic oil discharged from the first steering pump 2 and the second steering pump 4 At the same time, it is supplied to the oil inlet of the steering gear control valve 18; at the same time, the rack piston 9 drives the rack piston 10 to move under the action of the screw 11 and the steel ball 12, and then pushes the rocker shaft 14 to swing left and right, and is assembled with the rocker shaft 14 The same connecting rod mechanism drives the wheels, and finally realizes the easy steering of the whole vehicle.
如图1所示，当重型卡车处于无转向直线行驶时，此时换向阀6处于第一位置，第一转向泵2的出油口分别与转向控制阀18，第二转向泵4的进油口接通；但是第二转向泵4的排量比第一转向泵2的排量大，由第一转向泵2输出的液压油全部被第二转向泵4吸收，经第二转向泵4排出的液压油一部分重回第二转向泵4的循环回路中，一部分经过转向器控制阀18的出油口回到转向油壶8中。经测算，无转向时管路中的液压油量之相当于当前的常流式液压转向系统三分之一，因此该转向系统中的温度完全在系统侧承受范围之内，可以省去相关的冷却系统，降低整个液压转向系统的成本。As shown in Figure 1, when the heavy-duty truck is running straight without steering, the reversing valve 6 is in the first position, and the oil outlet of the first steering pump 2 is connected to the steering control valve 18 and the inlet of the second steering pump 4 respectively. The oil port is connected; however, the displacement of the second steering pump 4 is larger than that of the first steering pump 2, and all the hydraulic oil output by the first steering pump 2 is absorbed by the second steering pump 4, and then passed through the second steering pump 4 Part of the discharged hydraulic oil returns to the circulation circuit of the second steering pump 4 , and part returns to the steering oil pot 8 through the oil outlet of the steering gear control valve 18 . It is calculated that the amount of hydraulic oil in the pipeline when there is no steering is equivalent to one-third of the current constant flow hydraulic steering system, so the temperature in the steering system is completely within the tolerance range of the system side, and the relevant Cooling system, reducing the cost of the entire hydraulic steering system.
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明解决的技术问题、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above have further described the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Inventions, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| CN115973269A (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-04-18 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Power-assisted steering system, oil supply system and automobile |
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