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CN1054627C - 液压操作油组合物 - Google Patents

液压操作油组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1054627C
CN1054627C CN96191242A CN96191242A CN1054627C CN 1054627 C CN1054627 C CN 1054627C CN 96191242 A CN96191242 A CN 96191242A CN 96191242 A CN96191242 A CN 96191242A CN 1054627 C CN1054627 C CN 1054627C
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composition
weight
hydraulic
component
hydraulically operated
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CN96191242A
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CN1166180A (zh
Inventor
桥本胜美
佐佐木章
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液压操作油组合物，该组合物以掺合物的形式包括具有CA含量至多5%的基础油、0.01-5%(重量)的胺类抗氧化剂(A)、0.01-5%(重量)的酚类抗氧化剂(B)、0.01-5%(重量)的磷酸酯(C)以及0.001-5%(重量)的脂肪酸酰胺和/或多元醇的酯(D)，各组分含量均以所述组合物的总量计。在伴随着高压的趋势下，该组合物能有效地防止操作油过早变质和在其中生成淤泥，它经久耐用，同时由于消除了液压缸波动现象而显示出稳定的操作性能。

Description

液压操作油组合物
本发明涉及液压操作油组合物。更具体而言，本发明涉及在高压下氧化稳定性和润滑性能极好的液压操作油组合物，该组合物经久耐用且由于消除了液压缸波动现象而显示出稳定的操作性能，所述液压缸波动现象即是在液压缸与活塞之间、活塞杆与(密封)导向器之间或在液压机械的液压操作部分引起振动和/或产生异常噪音等现象。
液压操作油是一种在包括液压机械和设备的液压系统中用来起动力传递、受力控制和受力缓冲作用的动力传递液，液压操作油还要起润滑滑动零件的作用。
随着现代液压机械和设备近来趋向于小型化和大功率的方向发展，操作压力越来越高，例如已从早先的14-20 MPa的压力提高到现在的30 MPa或更高的压力，而油箱却朝向较小的容积。在这种情况下，施加给操作油的热负荷比以往更加重，从而引起一些问题，例如操作油过早变质、在其中生成淤泥以及在液压机械或设备中的液压缸波动和故障现象。
迄今，已采用赋予抗氧化性能和润滑性能的烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZnDTP)作为液压操作油。然而，在这种液压操作油的情况下，伴随着高压的趋势，在由于气泡压缩热而引起的局部过热区域会使上述ZnDTP热分解。上述分解造成一些问题例如生成淤泥、因之而发生的液压机械和设备的故障和/或产生异常气味。
在这种情况下，已研究了同时采用ZnDTP和金属去垢剂。尽管如此，这种组合在其使用寿命方面不能令人满意，而且由于高压，在操作时产生的液压缸波动现象仍未解决。
在这种情况下，本发明的总目的是提供一种液压操作油组合物，该组合物能在伴随着高压的趋势下，有效地防止操作液过早变质和在其中生成淤泥，它经久耐用，同时由于消除了液压缸波动现象而显示出稳定的操作性能。
鉴于以上所述，为了开发具有上述优良特性的液压操作油，本发明人进行了若干深入细致的调查和研究。结果已发现，上述目的可以通过将胺类抗氧化剂、酚类抗氧化剂、磷酸酯和脂肪酸酰胺或基于多元醇的酯与具有特定性质的基础油各自按特定的比例掺合而增强在高压下的氧化稳定性和润滑性来实现。基于上述发现和信息，已实现了本发明。
准确而言，本发明提供了(1)液压操作油组合物，该组合物以掺合物的形式包括具有CA含量至多5％的基础油、0.01-5％(重量)的胺类抗氧化剂(A)、0.01-5％(重量)的酚类抗氧化剂(B)、0.01-5％(重量)的磷酸酯(C)以及0.001-5％(重量)的脂肪酸酰胺和/或多元醇的酯(D)，各组分含量均以所述组合物的总量计。
本发明优选的实施方案包括：(2)根据上述第(1)项的液压操作油组合物，其中基础油在40℃下的运动粘度为2-500毫米2/秒，粘度指数至少为100；(3)根据上述第(1)和第(2)项的液压操作油组合物，其中作为组分(A)的胺类抗氧化剂是具有含3-20个碳原子的烷基的烷基化了的二苯胺；(4)根据上述第(1)至第(3)项的液压操作油组合物，其中作为组分(B)的酚类抗氧化剂是单环酚类化合物；(5)根据上述第(1)至第(4)项的液压操作油组合物，其中作为组分(C)的磷酸酯是芳族磷酸酯；和(6)根据上述第(1)至第(5)项的液压操作油组合物，该组合物可用于在30MPa或更高操作压力下运行的液压机械或设备。
在本发明的组合物中采用具有CA含量至多5％的基础油。CA含量大于5％的基础油，其氧化稳定性，特别是对瞬时局部过热的累积热的稳定性很差。从这种氧化稳定性的观点出发，优选具有CA含量至多3％的基础油，其中CA含量是采用n-d-M环分析法测定的。此外，优选该基础油在40℃下的运动粘度为2-500毫米2/秒。当基础油在40℃下的运动粘度小于2毫米2/秒时，其润滑性能很差，而且有引起异常磨损或胶住以及极可能着火的可能性。另一方面，当基础油在40℃下的运动粘度大于500毫米2/秒时，会有增加低温下的粘滞阻力的可能性，造成难以以泵抽吸，从而引起液压机械或设备的故障。从润滑性能、着火危险以及低温下的粘滞阻力来判断，更优选在40℃下的运动粘度为10-100毫米2/秒。
在本发明的组合物中，从液压操作油组合物性能的观点出发，特别优选采用的基础油不仅要满足CA含量和在40℃下运动粘度的要求，而且还要满足粘度指数至少为100的要求。当基础油粘度指数小于100时，在高温下会造成粘度降低和润滑性能下降，反之，在低温下会造成粘度增加和难以用泵抽吸。当基础油粘度指数为100或更高时，可以减小粘度的温度依赖性，具体而言，可扩大便于使用的从低温到高温的温度范围。这种效果可以在采用粘度指数为110或更高的基础油时显著地观察到。通过在其中掺入聚合物提高了粘度指数的常用油，在使用过程中由于聚合物链的断裂可使其粘度指数降低，而上述固有高粘度指数的基础油则完全没有上述这种不利的现象。
作为上述优良的基础油，可以提及的有：精制的石蜡基油，这种油是通过将原料，例如常压蒸馏的残油或燃料油脱硫工序得到的残油进行真空蒸馏、溶剂脱沥青、脱蜡，接着进行加氢精制以及临氢重整，并根据具体情况进行溶剂萃取、硫酸处理、粘土处理等而制得的；高粘度指数的石蜡基油；从粗蜡组分的氢化裂解得到的高粘度指数的石蜡基油；等。
在本发明的组合物中，采用基于合成油的基础油而不是上述基于矿物油的基础油。合成油的实例包括聚丁烯和聚烯烃例如α-烯烃均聚物/共聚物例如乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物；各种酯例如多元醇的酯和二元酸的酯；各种醚和聚乙二醇。其中，聚烯烃和多元醇的酯是特别优选的。
上述基础油可单独使用或至少与其他的一种配合使用。
在本发明的组合物中，作为组分(A)的胺类抗氧化剂没有特别的限制，但是可以从以前众所周知的胺类抗氧化剂中选用。其实例包括二苯胺类化合物，可具体列举的有二苯胺、具有含3-20个碳原子的一个或多个烷基的烷基化了的二苯胺例如一辛基二苯胺；一壬基二苯胺；4，4-二丁基二苯胺；4，4-二己基二苯胺；4，4-二辛基二苯胺；4，4-二壬基二苯胺；四丁基二苯胺；四己基二苯胺；四辛基二苯胺；以及四壬基二苯胺，萘胺类化合物，可具体列举的有α-萘胺；和苯基-α-萘胺、和以具有含3-20个碳原子的一个或多个烷基取代的苯基-α-萘胺例如丁基苯基-α-萘胺；己基苯基-α-萘胺；辛基苯基-α-萘胺；以及壬基苯基-α-萘胺。
其中，二苯胺类化合物就瞬时局部过热的累积热而论比萘胺类化合物更有效，具有含3-20个碳原子的一个或多个烷基的烷基化了的二苯胺，特别是具有含3-20个碳原子的一个或多个烷基的4，4-二烷基二苯胺是优选的。
以上列举的胺类抗氧化剂可以单独使用或至少与其他的一种配合使用。其在组合物中的掺入量选择为占该组合物总量的0.01-5％(重量)。该抗氧化剂的掺入量小于0.01％(重量)，有可能不足以产生掺入抗氧化剂的操作效果，而抗氧化剂的掺入量大于5％(重量)，并不能与掺入其中的量成正比地产生操作效果，而且还可能在低温下出现抗氧化剂沉淀，从而造成经济上的损失。从操作效果、抑制在低温下的沉淀、经济效益等观点判断，掺入组合物中的胺类抗氧化剂的量优选占该组合物总量的0.1-2％(重量)。
在本发明的组合物中，作为组分(B)的酚类抗氧化剂没有特别的限制，但是可以从以前众所周知的酚类抗氧化剂中选用。其实例包括单环酚例如2，6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚；2，6-二-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚；2，4，6-三-叔丁基苯酚；2，6-二-叔丁基-4-羟甲基苯酚；2，6-二-叔丁基苯酚；2，4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚；2，6-二-叔丁基-4-(N，N-二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚；2，6-二-叔戊基-4-甲基苯酚；丙酸n-十八烷基-3-(4-羟基-3，5-二-叔丁基苯基)酯和多环酚例如4，4-亚甲基双(2，6-二-叔丁基苯酚)；4，4-异亚丙基双(2，6-二-叔丁基苯酚)；2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)；4，4-双(2，6-二-叔丁基苯酚)；4，4-双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)；2，2-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)；4，4-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)；2，2-硫代双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)；4，4-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)。
其中，单环酚是优选的，因为在高压下它们对瞬时局部过热的累积热有效性高。
以上列举的酚类抗氧化剂可以单独使用或至少与其他的一种配合使用。其在组合物中的掺入量选择为占该组合物总量的0.01-5％(重量)。该抗氧化剂的掺入量小于0.01％(重量)，有可能不足以产生掺入抗氧化剂的操作效果，而抗氧化剂的掺入量大于5％(重量)，并不能与掺入其中的量成正比地产生操作效果，而且还可能在低温下出现抗氧化剂沉淀，从而造成经济上的损失。从操作效果、抑制在低温下的沉淀、经济效益等观点判断，掺入组合物中的酚类抗氧化剂的量优选占该组合物总量的0.1-2％(重量)。
在本发明中必须配合使用上述胺类抗氧化剂和酚类抗氧化剂。它们的配合使用会显著地增加高压和高温下的瞬时热稳定性。各用于该组合物的胺类抗氧化剂与酚类抗氧化剂之比，最好适当地选择为1∶9至9∶1(重量)。
在本发明的组合物中，采用磷酸酯作为组分(C)。用于提高组合物润滑性能的磷酸酯在其种类上没有特别的限制，但是可以从以前众所周知的用作特压添加剂或类似的磷酸酯中选用。其实例包括具有含3-30个碳原子的一个或多个烷基或烯基的脂族磷酸酯例如磷酸三异丙酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三己酯、磷酸三-2-乙基己酯、磷酸三月桂酯、磷酸三硬脂基酯和磷酸三油酯，上述任一种的胺盐和具有6-30个碳原子的芳基的芳族磷酸酯例如磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯以及磷酸三(二甲苯)酯。
其中，芳族磷酸酯是优选的，因为它们在高温下的热稳定性、耐磨性效果等的优越性。
以上列举的磷酸酯可以单独使用或至少与其他的一种配合使用。其在组合物中的掺入量选择为占该组合物总量的0.01-5％(重量)。该磷酸酯的掺入量小于0.01％(重量)，有可能不足以产生例如防止胶住和防止磨损的操作效果，而磷酸酯的掺入量大于5％(重量)，并不能与掺入其中的量成正比地产生操作效果，从而造成经济上的损失。从其操作效果例如防止胶住和防止磨损、经济效益等观点判断，掺入组合物中的磷酸酯的量优选占该组合物总量的0.1-2％(重量)。
在本发明的组合物中，采用脂肪酸酰胺和/或多元醇的酯作为组分(D)。该组分(D)主要起防止液压缸波动现象的作用。作为组分(D)的脂肪酸酰胺的实例包括各具有1-24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸和脂族胺、芳族胺或多亚烷基-多胺的反应产物例如异硬脂酸三亚乙基四酰胺、异硬脂酸四亚乙基五酰胺、油酸二亚乙基三酰胺以及油酸二乙醇酰胺。另一方面，多元醇的酯的实例包括从各具有1-24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸和多元醇例如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、脱水山梨糖醇、山梨糖醇和甘油的全部或部分酯化了的产物，该酯可以特别列举的有三羟甲基丙烷单油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷二油酸酯、季戊四醇单油酸酯、季戊四醇四油酸酯、甘油单油酸酯、山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯、山梨糖醇酐倍半油酸酯。
作为本发明组合物中的组分(D)，以上列举的脂肪酸酰胺可以单独使用或至少与其他的一种配合使用；同样，以上列举的多元醇的酯也可以单独使用或至少与其他的一种配合使用；此外，脂肪酸酰胺之中的至少一种可以与多元醇的酯之中的至少一种配合使用。
组分(D)在组合物中的掺入量选择为占该组合物总量的0.001-5％(重量)。组分(D)的掺入量小于0.001％(重量)，有可能不足以显示出防止液压缸波动现象的操作效果，而组分(D)的掺入量大于5％(重量)，并不能与掺入其中的量成正比地显示出操作效果，而且还会导致降低氧化稳定性，从而造成经济上的损失。从防止液压缸波动现象、氧化稳定性、经济效益等观点判断，掺入组合物中的组分(D)的量优选占该组合物总量的0.01-2％(重量)。此外，就防止液压缸波动现象而论，优选将脂肪酸酰胺和多元醇的酯配合使用。在这种情况下，各用于该组合物的脂肪酸酰胺与多元醇的酯之比，最好适当地选择为5∶95至95∶5(重量)。
在不损害本发明的目的限度内，当需要时本发明的液压操作油组合物可以掺入其他添加剂例如粘度指数改善剂如聚甲基丙烯酸酯和α-烯烃共聚物；倾点下降剂例如聚甲基丙烯酸酯和氯化石蜡与萘的缩合反应产物；油性剂例如各种脂肪酸、醇和酯；金属去垢剂例如碱金属或碱土金属的磺酸盐、酚盐、膦酸盐、水杨酸盐等；无灰分散剂例如琥珀酸酰亚胺、含硼琥珀酸酰亚胺、苄胺和含硼苄胺；特压添加剂例如硫化脂和油、多硫化合物、烷基磷酸酯胺盐和氯化石蜡；防锈剂例如烯基琥珀酸的酯和磺酸盐；金属减活化剂例如苯并三唑衍生物和噻重氮衍生物；消泡剂例如硅油、聚丙烯酸酯和有机氟化合物。
上述各种添加剂中任一种的掺入量，通常占该组合物总量的0.01-5％，优选0.01-2％(重量)。
本发明的液压操作油组合物在高压下的氧化稳定性和润滑性能都是极好的，且适用于在30 MPa或更高的操作压力下运行的液压机械和设备。上述组合物能够在伴随着高压的趋势下有效地防止操作油过早变质和在其中生成淤泥，且经久耐用，同时由于消除了液压缸波动现象而显示出稳定的操作性能。
下面，将参照操作实施例对本发明作详细说明，然而，这些实施例对本发明绝无限制。实施例1-4和对比例1-5
用于本发明的基础油是基础油I-III，这些基础油各有以下特性。基础油I：临氢重整油，40℃下的运动粘度为46毫米2/秒，粘度指数
为120和CA含量为0.1％基础油II：加氢补充重整油，40℃下的运动粘度为46毫米2/秒，粘
度指数为105和CA含量为2.5％基础油III：溶剂精制油，40℃下的运动粘度为46毫米2/秒，粘度
指数为98和CA含量为7.0％
制备了液压操作油，各自的化学组成列于表1，采用下文中所述的方法对各种基础油的性能作出了评价。结果列于表1。<性能评价>(1)高压下的热稳定性测试
通过高压泵将空气鼓入油箱的油中以形成气泡，并瞬时地将含气泡的油的压力升高到至多35 MPa以产生供施加局部累积热的压缩热，从而将局部累积热施加给液压回路中的油箱内的液压操作油。然后，通过测定720小时期间油中生成的淤泥量(微孔值(millipore value))，对高压下操作油的热稳定性作出评价。(2)泵的磨损测试
测定了已在14 MPa下运行250小时，装在叶轮泵(Vickers Co.，Ltd生产，牌号V-104C)中的叶轮和定子的磨耗减量。(3)液压缸波动特征的测试
将液压缸的密封材料做成半球形，并在5-20牛顿(N)的负荷下，在25mg的操作油存在下的镀铬钢板上经受往复运动，在此期间，观察摩擦力的变化状况，以判断是否有波动现象发生。
表1-1
                    实施例
     1     2      3      4
液压操作油(重量％)  基础油     种类      I     I      I     II
    含量    95.8    96.3    96.3    95.8
    (A)胺类抗氧化剂     1.0     1.0     1.0     1.0
    (B)酚类抗氧化剂     1.0     1.0     1.0     1.0
    (C)磷酸酯     1.0     1.0     1.0     1.0
    (D)  脂肪酸酰胺     0.5      -     0.5     0.5
 多元醇的酯     0.5     0.5     -     0.5
         其他     0.2     0.2     0.2     0.2
性能评价  高压下热稳定性的测试[淤泥量](mg/100mL) 1 1 1 4
      泵的磨损测试[磨损减量](mg) 3 4 4 5
 液压缸波动特征的测试[发生液压缸波动] 没有 没有 没有 没有
表1-2
                         对比例
     1      2     3      4      5
液压操作油(重量％)  基础油     种类     III      I      I      I      I
    含量    95.8    96.8    96.8    96.8    96.8
    (A)胺类抗氧化剂     1.0     -     1.0     1.0     1.0
    (B)酚类抗氧化剂     1.0     1.0      -     1.0     1.0
    (C)磷酸酯     1.0     1.0     1.0     -     1.0
    (D)  脂肪酸酰胺     0.5     0.5     0.5     0.5     -
 多元醇的酯     0.5     0.5     0.5     0.5     -
         其他     0.2     0.2     0.2     0.2     0.2
性能评价 高压下热稳定性的测试[淤泥量](mg/100mL) 50 20 30 1 1
      泵的磨损测试[磨损减量](mg) 6 3 3 500 4
 液压缸波动特征的测试[发生液压缸波动] 没有 没有 没有 没有 有
备注：胺类抗氧化剂：4，4-二辛基二苯胺酚类抗氧化剂：2，6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚磷酸酯：磷酸三甲苯酯脂肪酸酰胺：异硬脂酸三亚乙基四酰胺多元醇的酯：山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯其他：防锈剂、金属减活化剂、粘度指数改善剂、无灰分散剂以及类似的添加剂
从表1可以看出以下情况。即是说，与对比例1、2和3的结果比较，实施例1中的性能结果在高压下的热稳定性(少量淤泥)都是极好的，且在泵的耐磨性以及抗液压缸波动性能方面也是令人满意的。实施例2和3中的性能结果表明，虽然采用脂肪酸酰胺和多元醇的酯中的任一种，在有关液压缸波动特征方面均显示出较好的结果，然而，从全面的观点来看，将两者配合使用更为有效。实施例4采用CA含量为2.5％的基础油，其性能结果在高压下的热稳定性方面是较好的。在对比例1-5中，包括高压下的热稳定性、泵的耐磨性以及抗液压缸波动性的任一性能都辨认出较差的结果。对比例6
除采用市场上买到的ZnDTP基耐磨性操作液之外，重复上述实施例的方法，以评价性能结果。性能结果显示出，在高压下的热稳定性测试中生成的淤泥量为300mg/100mL，在泵的耐磨性测试中，磨损减量为5mg，在液压缸波动特征的测试中，证实有波动现象。从以上结果可以清楚地看出，采用ZnDTP作为操作油时，在高压下的热稳定性测试中热分解而生成大量淤泥，而且液压缸波动现象仍未解决。工业实用性
本发明的液压操作油组合物在高压下的氧化稳定性和润滑性能都是极好的。在伴随着高压的趋势下，该组合物能有效地防止操作油过早变质以及在其中生成淤泥，它经久耐用，同时由于消除了液压缸波动现象而显示出稳定的操作性能。
因此，本发明的液压操作油组合物用作建筑机械、普通工业机械、泄水闸、水力发电站等中的液压机械和设备的操作油是有利的。

Claims (7)

1.一种液压操作油组合物，该组合物以掺合物的形式包括具有CA含量至多5％的基础油、0.01-5％(重量)的胺类抗氧化剂(A)、0.01-5％(重量)的酚类抗氧化剂(B)、0.01-5％(重量)的磷酸酯(C)以及0.001-5％(重量)的脂肪酸酰胺和/或多元醇的酯(D)，各组分含量均以所述组合物的总量计。
2.根据权利要求1的液压操作油组合物，其中该基础油在40℃下的运动粘度为2-500毫米2/秒，粘度指数至少为100。
3.根据权利要求1的液压操作油组合物，其中作为组分(A)的胺类抗氧化剂是具有含3-20个碳原子的烷基的烷基化了的二苯胺。
4.根据权利要求1的液压操作油组合物，其中作为组分(B)的酚类抗氧化剂是单环酚类化合物。
5.根据权利要求1的液压操作油组合物，其中作为组分(C)的磷酸酯是芳族磷酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1的液压操作油组合物，该组合物可用于在30 MPa或更高操作压力下运行的液压机械或设备。
7.根据权利要求1的液压操作油组合物，其中除了组分(A)、(B)、(C)和(D)以外，将至少一种添加剂按照占该组合物总量的0.01-5％(重量)的用量掺入所述组合物中。
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