CN105510178B - Density measuring equipment and the method that rock-filling embankment packing density is measured using this device - Google Patents
Density measuring equipment and the method that rock-filling embankment packing density is measured using this device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009490 roller compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/36—Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
- G01N2009/022—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids
- G01N2009/024—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids the volume being determined directly, e.g. by size of container
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑施工技术领域，具体涉及一种密度测量装置及采用此装置测量填石路基填料密度的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a density measuring device and a method for measuring the density of rockfill roadbed filler using the device.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中，路基的材质大多采用填石料。现有的填石料大多来源于通过爆破开采出来的石料或其他弃石料，该类填石料具有粒径大、抗剪强度高、透水性强、空隙率大等特点。填石料的压实原理是：摊铺完成后，填石料的内部较为松散；在外界作用力下填石料的内部应力状态发生变化，从而导致填石料内部初应力平衡状态被打破，填石料中石料颗粒克服颗粒间摩擦力发生相互移动(不断挤密靠近和彼此填充)，从而使得填石料中的颗粒进行重排，最后使得路基具有空隙小和密实度大的特征。In the prior art, the material of the roadbed is mostly filled with stone. Most of the existing stone filling materials are derived from the stone materials mined by blasting or other abandoned stone materials. Such filling materials have the characteristics of large particle size, high shear strength, strong water permeability, and large porosity. The compaction principle of the rockfill is: after the paving is completed, the interior of the rockfill is relatively loose; under the external force, the internal stress state of the rockfill changes, which causes the initial stress balance state inside the rockfill to be broken, and the stone in the rockfill is broken. The particles overcome the friction between particles and move to each other (continuously compacting and filling each other), so that the particles in the rock fill are rearranged, and finally the roadbed has the characteristics of small voids and high density.
为了确定路基碾压压实的效果，常使用填石料的密度作为反应碾压压实效果的重要指标，压实度与现场实测的密度有着密切的联系。目前，现场测量路基密度的方法主要有：(1)环刀法：一种破坏性量测方法，优点是：设备简单，使用方便；缺点是：环刀打入土中时产生的应力使土松动，壁厚时产生的应力较大；主要用于测定不含骨料的粘性土的密度，而不适用于大粒径填石路基的测量(操作难度大)；(2)灌砂法：一种破坏性量测方法，它适用于细粒土、中粒土的密度测定；(3)灌水法：首先将塑料薄膜沿环套内壁及地表铺好，在注入水后测量其体积和称取开挖坑内填料的质量，计算其密度，此方法主要适用于现场测定粗粒土和巨粒土密度，且需要开挖破坏原有路基结构，挖坑取填料后坑壁稳定性难以保证，后续量测取填料体积较为困难。In order to determine the effect of rolling compaction of roadbed, the density of rock filling is often used as an important index to reflect the compaction effect of rolling compaction. The degree of compaction is closely related to the density measured on site. At present, the main methods for on-site measurement of subgrade density are: (1) Ring knife method: a destructive measurement method. The advantages are: the equipment is simple and easy to use; Looseness, the stress generated when the wall is thick is large; it is mainly used to measure the density of cohesive soil without aggregates, and is not suitable for the measurement of large-diameter stone-filled roadbeds (the operation is difficult); (2) Sand filling method: A destructive measurement method, which is suitable for the density determination of fine-grained soil and medium-grained soil; (3) Irrigation method: first, lay the plastic film along the inner wall of the ring and the surface, and measure its volume and scale after injecting water. Take the mass of the filler in the excavation pit and calculate its density. This method is mainly suitable for on-site determination of the density of coarse-grained soil and giant-grained soil, and it is necessary to excavate to destroy the original subgrade structure, and it is difficult to guarantee the stability of the pit wall after excavation and filling , it is difficult to measure the volume of the filler in subsequent measurements.
综上所述，急需一种装置结构精简、使用方便且实用性强的填石路基填料密度的测量装置和测量方法。To sum up, there is an urgent need for a device and method for measuring the density of rockfill roadbed fillers with a simplified device structure, convenient use and strong practicability.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种结构精简、测量精准度高且使用方便的密度测量装置，具体技术方案如下：The first object of the present invention is to provide a density measuring device with a simplified structure, high measurement accuracy and convenient use. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
一种密度测量装置，包括无上盖且为立方体结构的箱体、设置在所述箱体底部内壁上的多个土压力盒、设置在所述箱体外且与所有所述土压力盒连接的用于读出所有所述土压力盒数据的测试仪以及单独设置的用于称取重量的称量部件。A density measuring device, comprising a box body without an upper cover and having a cubic structure, a plurality of earth pressure cells arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the box body, arranged outside the box and connected with all the earth pressure cells A tester for reading out all said earth pressure cells and a separate weighing unit for weighing.
以上技术方案中优选的，所述箱体为正方体或长方体结构。Preferably in the above technical solutions, the box body is a cube or cuboid structure.
以上技术方案中优选的，所述土压力盒为分布成田字形的9个。Preferably in the above technical solutions, the earth pressure cells are 9 distributed in the shape of a field.
以上技术方案中优选的，所述土压力盒的数量为5个，四个所述土压力盒以一个所述土压力盒为圆心均布在其四周，处于圆心位置的所述土压力盒设置在所述箱体的底部中心位置。Preferably in the above technical solutions, the number of the earth pressure cells is 5, and the four earth pressure cells are evenly distributed around the earth pressure cell with one of the earth pressure cells as the center, and the earth pressure cells at the center of the circle are arranged at the bottom center of the box.
以上技术方案中优选的，所述土压力盒的数量为10个，所有所述土压力盒平行排列第一行、第二行以及第三行，其中所述第一行和第三行关于第二行所在的竖直面对称设置；所述第一行和所述第三行分别包括三个所述土压力盒，所述第二行包括四个所述土压力盒，且同一行相邻两个所述土压力盒之间的距离与相邻两行之间的距离均相等。Preferably in the above technical solutions, the number of the earth pressure cells is 10, and all the earth pressure cells are arranged in the first row, the second row and the third row in parallel, wherein the first row and the third row are about the first row and the third row. The vertical planes where the two rows are located are symmetrically arranged; the first row and the third row respectively include three earth pressure cells, the second row includes four earth pressure cells, and the same row The distance between two adjacent earth pressure boxes is equal to the distance between two adjacent rows.
以上技术方案中优选的，所述土压力盒的数量为11个，所有所述土压力盒平行排列第一行、第二行以及第三行，其中所述第一行和第三行关于第二行所在的竖直面对称设置；所述第一行和所述第三行分别包括四个所述土压力盒，所述第二行包括三个所述土压力盒，且同一行相邻两个所述土压力盒之间的距离与相邻两行之间的距离均相等。Preferably in the above technical solutions, the number of the earth pressure cells is 11, and all the earth pressure cells are arranged in parallel in the first row, the second row and the third row, wherein the first row and the third row are related to the first row and the third row. The vertical planes where the two rows are located are symmetrically arranged; the first row and the third row respectively include four earth pressure cells, the second row includes three earth pressure cells, and the same row The distance between two adjacent earth pressure boxes is equal to the distance between two adjacent rows.
以上技术方案中优选的，所有所述土压力盒均通过电线与测试仪连接，所述箱体的内壁上还设有用于保护所述电线的保护组件。Preferably, in the above technical solutions, all the earth pressure boxes are connected to the tester through electric wires, and a protection component for protecting the electric wires is also provided on the inner wall of the box body.
以上技术方案中优选的，所述土压力盒为电阻应变式土压力盒；所述称量部件为地磅；所述箱体的材质为钢材。Preferably in the above technical solutions, the earth pressure cell is a resistance strain earth pressure cell; the weighing component is a floor scale; and the material of the box body is steel.
应用本发明的技术方案，具有以下有益效果：Applying the technical scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明的箱体包括无上盖且为立方体结构的箱体、设置在所述箱体底部内壁上的多个土压力盒、设置在所述箱体外且与所有所述土压力盒连接的用于读出所有所述土压力盒数据的测试仪以及单独设置的用于称取重量的称量部件。整体结构精简；通过箱体确定填石料的体积，通过称量部件获得相关重量，再通过测试仪获得静土压力值，经过计算后得到碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线以及路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线图，精准度高，无破坏性，且记录的数据便于查阅；此方法不受填石料粒径大小的限制，适合粒径小于50厘米的填石料，实用性强。(1) The box body of the present invention includes a box body without an upper cover and having a cubic structure, a plurality of earth pressure cells arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the box body, and a plurality of earth pressure cells arranged outside the box and connected to all the earth pressure cells. A box-connected tester for reading out all said earth pressure cell data and a separate weighing unit for weighing. The overall structure is simplified; the volume of the stone filling is determined by the box, the relevant weight is obtained by weighing the components, and the static earth pressure value is obtained by the tester. After calculation, the relationship between the number of rolling passes and the density of the roadbed filler is obtained As well as the relationship curve between the density of the filler for roadbed and the value of the static earth pressure, the accuracy is high, the data is non-destructive, and the recorded data is easy to check; this method is not limited by the particle size of the stone filler, and is suitable for particle sizes less than 50 Centimeter of stone filling, strong practicability.
(2)本发明中所述箱体为正方体或长方体结构，既能满足便于确定箱体的体积，同时也能满足制作方便的要求，实用性强。(2) The box body in the present invention is of a cube or cuboid structure, which can not only satisfy the convenience of determining the volume of the box body, but also meet the requirement of convenient manufacture, and has strong practicability.
(3)本发明中土压力盒在箱体中的布置方式有多种，优选以下几种：第一种，所述土压力盒为分布成田字形的9个；第二，所述土压力盒的数量为5个，四个所述土压力盒以一个所述土压力盒为圆心均布在其四周，处于圆心位置的所述土压力盒设置在所述箱体的底部中心位置；第三，所述土压力盒的数量为10个，所有所述土压力盒平行排列成第一行、第二行以及第三行，其中所述第一行和第三行关于第二行所在的竖直面对称设置；所述第一行和所述第三行分别包括三个所述土压力盒，所述第二行包括四个所述土压力盒，且同一行相邻两个所述土压力盒之间的距离与相邻两行之间的距离均相等；第四，所述土压力盒的数量为11个，所有所述土压力盒平行排列成第一行、第二行以及第三行，其中所述第一行和第三行关于第二行所在的竖直面对称设置；所述第一行和所述第三行分别包括四个所述土压力盒，所述第二行包括三个所述土压力盒，且同一行相邻两个所述土压力盒之间的距离与相邻两行之间的距离均相等。安装和拆卸方便，确保不同规格箱体采用不同排列方式时所测得的静土压力值精准度均非常高，实用性强。(3) There are various ways of arranging the earth pressure cells in the box body in the present invention, and the following are preferred: first, the earth pressure cells are 9 distributed in the shape of a field; second, the earth pressure cells The number is 5, four of the earth pressure cells are evenly distributed around it with one of the earth pressure cells as the center, and the earth pressure cells at the center of the circle are arranged at the bottom center of the box; the third , the number of the earth pressure cells is 10, and all the earth pressure cells are arranged in parallel into the first row, the second row and the third row, wherein the first row and the third row are related to the vertical position where the second row is located. The first row and the third row respectively include three earth pressure cells, the second row includes four earth pressure cells, and two adjacent ones in the same row The distance between the earth pressure boxes is equal to the distance between two adjacent rows; fourthly, the number of the earth pressure boxes is 11, and all the earth pressure boxes are arranged in parallel into the first row, the second row and the The third row, wherein the first row and the third row are arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane where the second row is located; the first row and the third row respectively comprise four of the earth pressure cells, the The second row includes three earth pressure cells, and the distance between two adjacent earth pressure cells in the same row is equal to the distance between two adjacent rows. It is easy to install and disassemble, ensuring that the static earth pressure values measured when different sizes of boxes are arranged in different ways are very accurate and practical.
(4)本发明中所有土压力盒均通过电线与测试仪连接，所述箱体的内壁上还设有用于保护所述电线的保护组件；所述土压力盒为电阻应变式土压力盒；所述箱体的材质为钢材。部件容易获得，且整套装置的使用寿命长。(4) In the present invention, all earth pressure cells are connected with the tester through electric wires, and the inner wall of the box body is also provided with a protection component for protecting the electric wires; the earth pressure cells are resistance strain earth pressure cells; The material of the box body is steel. Components are readily available, and the entire set has a long service life.
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种采用上述密度测量装置测量填石路基填料密度的方法，具体技术方案如下：The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the density of rockfill roadbed filler using the above-mentioned density measuring device, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
包括以下步骤：Include the following steps:
步骤一：碾压遍数的确定，具体为：Step 1: Determine the number of times of rolling, specifically:
a、将密度测量装置中的箱体放置在试验场地中央并保证其平整；a. Place the box in the density measurement device in the center of the test site and ensure that it is flat;
b、将箱体内填入路基用填料至路基用填料上表面高于箱体的上缘，利用全站仪测量路基用填料上表面的高程；b. Fill the box with the subgrade filler until the upper surface of the subgrade filler is higher than the upper edge of the box, and use the total station to measure the elevation of the upper surface of the subgrade filler;
c、进行第i次碾压，其中，i为大于等于1的自然数；c. Carry out the i-th rolling, where i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
d、若碾压后路基用填料上表面低于箱体的上缘，清空箱体并增加路基用填料的用量，返回步骤b，且将i重设为1；d. If the upper surface of the subgrade filler is lower than the upper edge of the box after rolling, empty the box and increase the amount of subgrade filler, return to step b, and reset i to 1;
若碾压后路基用填料上表面高于箱体的上缘，用全站仪测量第i次碾压面的高程Hi并做好记录；If the upper surface of the subgrade filler is higher than the upper edge of the box after rolling, use the total station to measure the elevation Hi of the i-th rolling surface and make a record;
当第i次碾压面的高程Hi与第i-1次碾压面的高程Hi-1差值大于等于5mm时，i＝i+1，重复步骤c；When the difference between the elevation H i of the ith rolling surface and the elevation H i-1 of the i-1 rolling surface is greater than or equal to 5 mm, i=i+1, and repeat step c;
当第i次碾压面的高程Hi与第i-1次碾压面的高程Hi-1差值小于5mm时停止碾压，即得碾压遍数为i；When the difference between the elevation H i of the ith rolling surface and the height H i-1 of the i-1 rolling surface is less than 5 mm, the rolling is stopped, that is, the number of rolling passes is i;
步骤二：将布置好土压力盒的空箱体内填满路基用填料，确保路基用填料和箱体上边缘齐平；采用称量部件称取箱体和路基用填料的总重量以及读取土压力盒的初始读数并记录，计算碾压前路基用填料的密度并记录；Step 2: Fill the empty box where the earth pressure box is arranged with the filler for the roadbed to ensure that the filler for the roadbed and the upper edge of the box are flush; use the weighing part to weigh the total weight of the box and the filler for the roadbed and read the soil Record the initial reading of the pressure cell, calculate and record the density of the filler used for the roadbed before rolling;
步骤三：增加一定量的路基用填料，使得路基用填料的上表面高于箱体的上沿；Step 3: Add a certain amount of roadbed filler so that the upper surface of the roadbed filler is higher than the upper edge of the box;
步骤四：采用压路机对试验场进行第j次碾压，其中j为大于等于1且小于等于i的自然数；除去箱体上方多余的路基用填料保证箱体内路基用填料和箱体上边缘齐平，记录静土压力值，采用称量部件称取箱体和其内部路基用填料的总重量，计算碾压后的路基用填料的密度并记录；Step 4: Use a road roller to roll the test site for the jth time, where j is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i; remove the excess subgrade filler above the box to ensure that the subgrade filler in the box is flush with the upper edge of the box , record the static earth pressure value, use the weighing component to weigh the total weight of the box and its internal roadbed filler, calculate the density of the roadbed filler after rolling and record it;
步骤五：j＝j+1，重复步骤三；Step 5: j=j+1, repeat step 3;
步骤六：绘制碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线以及路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线图。Step 6: Draw the relationship curve between the number of rolling passes and the density of the subgrade filler and the relationship curve between the density of the subgrade filler and the static earth pressure value.
以上技术方案中优选的，所述步骤二之前还包括准备步骤，所述准备步骤具体为：采用称量部件称取箱体的净重，并将箱体放置在碾压整平过后的路基面上；在箱体内放置多个土压力盒，并将所有土压力盒与设置在箱体外的测试仪连接；所述步骤四中压路机对试验场进行碾压前先将装有路基用填料的箱体放置在试验场的中央，再将箱体的四周采用路基用填料填至箱体内路基用填料的同等高度；所述步骤四中压路机对试验场进行碾压时确保箱体内及其上部的路基用填料充分均匀被碾压。Preferably in the above technical solutions, a preparation step is included before the second step, and the preparation step is specifically: using a weighing component to weigh the net weight of the box body, and placing the box body on the roadbed surface after rolling and leveling ; Place a plurality of earth pressure boxes in the box, and connect all the earth pressure boxes with the tester arranged outside the box; in the step 4, before the road roller rolls the test site, the box containing the roadbed filler The body is placed in the center of the test field, and then the surrounding of the box is filled with roadbed filler to the same height as the roadbed filler in the box; in the fourth step, when the road roller rolls the test site, ensure that the subgrade inside and above the box is Fully and evenly rolled with filler.
应用本发明的方法，具有以下效果：(1)本发明方法测量填石路基密度时其场地选择不需要开挖现有路基埋置箱体，只需要选择合适场地放置箱体，然后箱体四周用路基填料填筑至于箱体内填料等高的位置即可进行碾压试验，步骤简便，易于操作，试验周期短，具有施工方便、快捷、安全、经济的特点；(2)本发明方法最后获得到碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线以及路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线图，为确定碾压施工参数提供理论依据，使得在后续的施工过程中只需要在被测量的位置提前埋设好土压力盒，通过土压力盒的读数，即可得到该位置处的密度，操作方便，实用性强。The application of the method of the present invention has the following effects: (1) when the method of the present invention measures the density of the rockfill roadbed, the site selection does not need to excavate the existing roadbed to embed the box, but only needs to select a suitable site to place the box, and then the box is surrounded by The roller compaction test can be carried out by filling the position with the same height of the filler in the box with the roadbed filler. The steps are simple, easy to operate, the test period is short, and the construction is convenient, fast, safe and economical; (2) The method of the present invention finally obtains The relationship curve between the number of rolling passes and the density of the subgrade filler and the relationship curve between the density of the subgrade filler and the static earth pressure value provide a theoretical basis for determining the rolling construction parameters, so that in the subsequent construction process It is only necessary to bury the earth pressure box in advance at the measured position, and the density at the position can be obtained through the reading of the earth pressure box, which is easy to operate and has strong practicability.
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:
图1是本发明优选实施例1的密度测量装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the density measuring device of the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2是图1中土压力盒在箱体底部内壁上的第一种分布示意图；Fig. 2 is the first distribution schematic diagram of the earth pressure cell in Fig. 1 on the inner wall of the bottom of the box;
图3是图1中土压力盒在箱体底部内壁上的第二种分布示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second distribution of the earth pressure cell in Figure 1 on the inner wall of the bottom of the box;
图4是图1中土压力盒在箱体底部内壁上的第三种分布示意图；Fig. 4 is the third distribution schematic diagram of the earth pressure cell in Fig. 1 on the inner wall of the bottom of the box;
图5是图1中土压力盒在箱体底部内壁上的第四种分布示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the fourth distribution of the earth pressure cell in Figure 1 on the inner wall of the bottom of the box;
图6是实施例1中碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线图；6 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of rolling passes and the density of the roadbed filler in Example 1;
图7是实施例1中路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线图；7 is a graph showing the relationship between the density of the filler for roadbed and the static earth pressure value in Example 1;
图8是实施例2中碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线图；8 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of rolling passes and the density of the filler for roadbed in Example 2;
图9是实施例2中路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线图；9 is a graph showing the relationship between the density of the filler for roadbed and the static earth pressure value in Example 2;
其中，1、箱体，11、细沙保护层，12、电线保护管，2、土压力盒，3、测试仪，4、电线。Among them, 1. Box body, 11. Fine sand protection layer, 12. Electric wire protection tube, 2. Earth pressure box, 3. Tester, 4. Electric wire.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention may be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
实施例1：Example 1:
参见图1以及图2，一种密度测量装置，包括无上盖且为立方体结构的箱体1、设置在所述箱体1底部内壁上的多个土压力盒2、设置在所述箱体1外且与所有所述土压力盒2连接的用于读出所有所述土压力盒2数据的测试仪3以及单独设置的用于称取重量的称量部件，所述称量部件一般采用地磅。1 and 2, a density measurement device includes a box body 1 without an upper cover and having a cubic structure, a plurality of earth pressure cells 2 arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the box body 1, and a plurality of earth pressure cells 2 arranged on the box body A tester 3 connected to all the earth pressure cells 2 for reading the data of all the earth pressure cells 2 and a separately provided weighing part for weighing the weight, the weighing part generally adopts Weighbridge.
所述箱体1为正方体结构(还可以根据实际情况将箱体设计成长方体结构)，其长和宽均为200cm，其高度为100cm；所述土压力盒2的数量为5个，四个所述土压力盒2以一个所述土压力盒2为圆心均布在其四周(四个土压力盒到箱体侧壁的最小垂直距离均为50cm)，处于圆心位置的所述土压力盒2设置在所述箱体1的底部中心位置，详见图2。The box body 1 is a cube structure (the box body can also be designed as a cuboid structure according to the actual situation), its length and width are both 200cm, and its height is 100cm; the number of the earth pressure cells 2 is 5, four The earth pressure cell 2 is evenly distributed around it with one of the earth pressure cells 2 as the center (the minimum vertical distances from the four earth pressure cells to the side wall of the box are all 50cm), and the earth pressure cell at the center of the circle 2 is arranged at the bottom center position of the box body 1, see Fig. 2 for details.
除此外，技术人员还可以将土压力盒在箱体的底部内壁上排布成以下几种方式：In addition, technicians can also arrange the earth pressure cells on the bottom inner wall of the box in the following ways:
(1)详见图3，所述土压力盒2的数量为9，分布成田字形(距箱体的侧壁最近的土压力盒到箱体侧壁的距离以及相邻两个土压力盒的距离均为50cm)。(1) See Figure 3 for details. The number of the earth pressure cells 2 is 9, which are distributed in a field shape (the distance between the earth pressure cell closest to the side wall of the box body and the side wall of the box body and the distance between the two adjacent earth pressure cells distance is 50cm).
(2)详见图4，所述土压力盒2的数量为10个，所有所述土压力盒2平行排列成第一行、第二行以及第三行，其中所述第一行和第三行关于第二行所在的竖直面对称设置；所述第一行和所述第三行分别包括三个所述土压力盒2，所述第二行包括四个所述土压力盒2，且同一行相邻两个所述土压力盒2之间的距离与相邻两行之间的距离均相等(均为50cm)，第二行中位于端部的两个所述土压力盒距离箱体内壁的距离均为25cm。(2) See Fig. 4 for details, the number of the earth pressure cells 2 is 10, and all the earth pressure cells 2 are arranged in parallel in the first row, the second row and the third row, wherein the first row and the third row are arranged in parallel. The three rows are arranged symmetrically about the vertical plane where the second row is located; the first row and the third row respectively include three earth pressure cells 2 , and the second row includes four earth pressure cells 2, and the distance between two adjacent earth pressure boxes 2 in the same row is equal to the distance between two adjacent rows (both are 50cm), and the two earth pressure boxes located at the end of the second row are The distance between the box and the inner wall of the box is 25cm.
(3)详见图5，所述土压力盒2的数量为11个，所有所述土压力盒2平行排列成第一行、第二行以及第三行，其中所述第一行和第三行关于第二行所在的竖直面对称设置；所述第一行和所述第三行分别包括四个所述土压力盒2，所述第二行包括三个所述土压力盒2，且同一行相邻两个所述土压力盒2之间的距离与相邻两行之间的距离均相等(均为50cm)。(3) See FIG. 5 , the number of the earth pressure cells 2 is 11, and all the earth pressure cells 2 are arranged in parallel in the first row, the second row and the third row, wherein the first row and the third row are arranged in parallel. Three rows are arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane where the second row is located; the first row and the third row respectively include four of the earth pressure cells 2 , and the second row includes three of the earth pressure cells 2, and the distance between two adjacent earth pressure cells 2 in the same row is equal to the distance between two adjacent rows (both are 50 cm).
土压力盒在箱体底部内壁上采用不同的排列方式，每一次读数均取所有土压力盒读数的平均值，因此，四种方式均能满足现实的精确度需求。The earth pressure cells are arranged in different ways on the inner wall of the bottom of the box, and each reading is the average of all the earth pressure cell readings. Therefore, the four methods can meet the actual accuracy requirements.
所有所述土压力盒2均通过电线4与测试仪3连接，所述箱体1的内壁上还设有用于保护所述电线的保护组件。所述保护组件包括设置在箱体1内壁上的细沙保护层11以及竖直设置且高于箱体1高度的电线保护管12。All the earth pressure boxes 2 are connected to the tester 3 through wires 4 , and a protection component for protecting the wires is also provided on the inner wall of the box body 1 . The protection assembly includes a fine sand protection layer 11 arranged on the inner wall of the box body 1 and a wire protection tube 12 arranged vertically and higher than the height of the box body 1 .
所述土压力盒2采用电阻应变式土压力盒；所述箱体1的材质为钢材。The earth pressure cell 2 adopts a resistance strain type earth pressure cell; the material of the box body 1 is steel.
应用上述密度测量装置测量贵州山区某一段(标为P1)填石路基填料密度的方法，具体包括以下步骤：The method for measuring the density of rockfill roadbed filler in a certain section (marked as P1) in the mountainous area of Guizhou using the above-mentioned density measuring device specifically includes the following steps:
步骤一：碾压遍数的确定，详见表1，具体操作为：Step 1: Determination of the number of rolling passes, see Table 1 for details, and the specific operations are:
a、将密度测量装置中的箱体放置在试验场地中央并保证其平整；a. Place the box in the density measurement device in the center of the test site and ensure that it is flat;
b、将箱体内填入路基用填料至路基用填料上表面高于箱体的上缘，利用全站仪测量路基用填料上表面的高程(路基用填料上表面的海拔高度)；b. Fill the box with the subgrade filler until the upper surface of the subgrade filler is higher than the upper edge of the box, and use the total station to measure the elevation of the upper surface of the subgrade filler (altitude of the upper surface of the subgrade filler);
c、进行第i次碾压，其中，i为大于等于1的自然数；c. Carry out the i-th rolling, where i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
d、若碾压后路基用填料上表面低于箱体的上缘，清空箱体并增加路基用填料的用量，返回步骤b，且将i重设为1；d. If the upper surface of the subgrade filler is lower than the upper edge of the box after rolling, empty the box and increase the amount of subgrade filler, return to step b, and reset i to 1;
若碾压后路基用填料上表面高于箱体的上缘，用全站仪测量第i次碾压面的高程Hi并做好记录；If the upper surface of the subgrade filler is higher than the upper edge of the box after rolling, use the total station to measure the elevation Hi of the i-th rolling surface and make a record;
当第i次碾压面的高程Hi与第i-1次碾压面的高程Hi-1差值大于等于5mm时，i＝i+1，重复步骤c；When the difference between the elevation H i of the ith rolling surface and the elevation H i-1 of the i-1 rolling surface is greater than or equal to 5 mm, i=i+1, and repeat step c;
当第i次碾压面的高程Hi与第i-1次碾压面的高程Hi-1差值小于5mm时停止碾压，即得碾压遍数为i，本实施例1中碾压遍数i为8；When the difference between the height H i of the ith rolling surface and the height H i-1 of the i-1st rolling surface is less than 5 mm, the rolling is stopped, that is, the number of times of rolling is i. The number of pressing times i is 8;
表1 P1段碾压遍数确定时的统计数据表Table 1 Statistical data table when the number of rolling passes in the P1 section is determined
通过试验，我们测得需要的碾压遍数为8遍；Through the test, we measured that the required number of rolling passes is 8;
步骤二：将布置好土压力盒的箱体内填满路基用填料，确保路基用填料和箱体上边缘齐平；称取箱体和路基用填料的总重量以及读取所有土压力盒的初始读数并记录，计算碾压前路基用填料的密度并记录，具体数据详见表2和表3所示；Step 2: Fill the box where the earth pressure cells are arranged with the filler for roadbed to ensure that the filler for roadbed and the upper edge of the box are flush; weigh the total weight of the box and the filler for roadbed and read the initial value of all earth pressure cells. Read and record, calculate and record the density of the filler used for roadbed before rolling, the specific data are shown in Table 2 and Table 3;
在将布置好土压力盒的箱体内填满路基用填料之前还包括准备步骤，具体为：采用称量部件称取箱体的净重(为2吨)，并将箱体放置在碾压整平过后的路基面上，在箱体内放置五个土压力盒，并将所有土压力盒与设置在箱体外的测试仪连接；Before filling the box with the earth pressure box arranged with the subgrade filler, it also includes preparation steps, specifically: using a weighing component to weigh the net weight of the box (2 tons), and placing the box on the rolling level On the roadbed surface after that, place five earth pressure boxes in the box, and connect all the earth pressure boxes to the tester set outside the box;
将箱体放置在碾压整平过后的路基面上具体采用以下方式：箱体底部下方的填料先用挖掘机平整，配合人工整平；整平后用石灰粉标注出密度箱需要放置的位置；然后利用吊机将密度箱移动到指定位置；The box body is placed on the roadbed surface after rolling and leveling. Specifically, the following methods are used: the filler below the box body is first leveled with an excavator, and then manually leveled; after leveling, use lime powder to mark the location where the density box needs to be placed. ; Then use the crane to move the density box to the designated position;
确保路基用填料和箱体上边缘齐平具体采用以下方式：利用挖掘机进行整平；如果粒径过大，利用挖掘机进行破碎；在施工过程中，摊铺到表层时可以采用颗粒相对较小的填料；To ensure that the subgrade filler is flush with the upper edge of the box, the following methods are used: use an excavator for leveling; if the particle size is too large, use an excavator for crushing; during the construction process, when paving to the surface, use a relatively small particle size. small filler;
步骤三：增加一定量的路基用填料，使得路基用填料的上表面高于箱体的上边缘；Step 3: Add a certain amount of roadbed filler so that the upper surface of the roadbed filler is higher than the upper edge of the box;
步骤四：采用压路机(最好是选用振动压路机)对试验场进行第j碾压，其中j为大于等于1且小于等于8的自然数；除去箱体上方多余的路基用填料保证箱体内路基用填料和箱体上边缘齐平，记录静土压力值，称取箱体和其内部路基用填料的总重量，计算碾压后的路基用填料的密度并记录，数据记录详见表2和表3；Step 4: Use a road roller (preferably a vibratory road roller) to perform the jth rolling on the test site, where j is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8; remove the excess roadbed packing above the box to ensure that the roadbed is filled in the box Flush with the upper edge of the box body, record the static earth pressure value, weigh the total weight of the box body and its internal subgrade filler, calculate the density of the subgrade filler after rolling, and record the data record, see Table 2 and Table 3 for details ;
其中，碾压前先将装有路基用填料的箱体放置在试验场的中央，再将箱体的四周采用路基用填料填至箱体内路基用填料的同等高度；碾压时确保箱体内及其上部的路基用填料充分均匀被碾压；Among them, before rolling, place the box with roadbed filler in the center of the test field, and then fill the surrounding of the box with the roadbed filler to the same height as the roadbed filler in the box; The upper subgrade filler is fully and evenly rolled;
步骤五：j＝j+1，重复步骤三；Step 5: j=j+1, repeat step 3;
步骤六：绘制碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线以及路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线图(根据表1、表2和表3的相关数据绘图，可以直接在excel表格中进行绘制)，详见图6和图7。Step 6: Draw the relationship curve between the number of rolling passes and the density of the subgrade filler and the relationship curve between the density of the subgrade filler and the static earth pressure value (drawing according to the relevant data in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3) , which can be drawn directly in the excel sheet), see Figure 6 and Figure 7 for details.
本实施例计算过程中将土压力盒、细沙保护层、电线保护管、电线的重量均忽略不计。In the calculation process of this embodiment, the weight of the earth pressure box, the fine sand protection layer, the electric wire protection tube, and the electric wire are all ignored.
本发明方法中采用的密度计算公式为：密度＝质量/体积。The density calculation formula used in the method of the present invention is: density=mass/volume.
表2 P1断面现场测试数据及计算结果Table 2 Field test data and calculation results of P1 section
表3 P1断面现场静土压力值变化情况Table 3 Variation of on-site static earth pressure value of P1 section
实施例2：Example 2:
应用与实施例1相同的密度测量装置测量贵州山区另外一段(标为P2)填石路基填料密度，测量步骤同实施例1，测量数据和计算结果分别详见表4和表5。The density of the rockfill roadbed filler of another section (marked as P2) in the mountainous area of Guizhou was measured using the same density measuring device as in Example 1. The measurement steps were the same as those in Example 1. The measurement data and calculation results were shown in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively.
表4 P2断面现场测试数据及计算结果Table 4 Field test data and calculation results of P2 section
表5 P2断面现场静土压力值变化情况Table 5 Variation of on-site static earth pressure value of P2 section
根据表4和表5中的相关数据绘制碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线以及路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线图，具体附图详见图8和图9。According to the relevant data in Table 4 and Table 5, draw the relationship curve between the number of rolling passes and the density of the roadbed filler and the relationship curve between the density of the roadbed filler and the static earth pressure value. The specific drawings are shown in the figure. 8 and Fig. 9.
通过实施例1和实施例2可知(图6和图8进行比较，图7和图9进行比较)，在其它条件相同的情况下，碾压遍数与路基用填料的密度之间的关系曲线以及路基用填料的密度与静土压力值之间的关系曲线基本相同，适用性强。本发明所提供的测量填石路基填料密度的方法为一种新型且简便的测定方法，在测试一次以后，后续的施工中只要提前在需要测量密度的点位放置土压力盒，即可以根据本关系曲线得到该出的密度，实用性强。It can be seen from Example 1 and Example 2 (compare Fig. 6 with Fig. 8, Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 are compared), under other conditions being the same, the relationship curve between the number of rolling passes and the density of the filler for roadbed And the relationship between the density of the subgrade filler and the static earth pressure value is basically the same, and the applicability is strong. The method for measuring the density of rock-filled roadbed filler provided by the present invention is a novel and simple method for measuring. After one test, as long as the earth pressure cell is placed at the point where the density needs to be measured in advance in the subsequent construction, the method can be determined according to this method. The relationship curve obtains the density of the output, which is very practical.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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