CN105609960A - Planar spiral antenna with back cavity structure - Google Patents
Planar spiral antenna with back cavity structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105609960A CN105609960A CN201610055964.5A CN201610055964A CN105609960A CN 105609960 A CN105609960 A CN 105609960A CN 201610055964 A CN201610055964 A CN 201610055964A CN 105609960 A CN105609960 A CN 105609960A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于微波器件领域，具体涉及一种带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线。The invention belongs to the field of microwave devices, in particular to a planar helical antenna with a cavity-back structure.
背景技术Background technique
随着无线通信技术的快速发展，人们对高速无线通信提出了更高的要求。作为一种短距离无线通信技术，超宽带(UWB)具有传输速率高、功耗低、安全性好、抗多径能力强、成本低廉等优点，引起了人们前所未有的关注。平面螺旋天线是一种超宽带天线，该天线在很宽的频带内具有良好的阻抗特性、方向图特性和圆极化特性，在电子对抗领域得到了广泛的重视和应用。平面螺旋天线包括等角螺旋天线和阿基米德螺旋天线，平面螺旋天线为平衡结构，当用同轴线等非平衡传输线对其馈电时需要加巴伦来平衡电流。申请号为CN200810202640.5的中国专利“带背腔的超宽带平面螺旋天线”中，提出了一种基于抛物曲面反射腔的平面螺旋天线，但是该天线在0.36-6.83GHz内驻波比仅小于2，抗干扰能力较差；而且随着应用频率的增长，其天线辐射损耗会增大，限制了其应用。With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, people put forward higher requirements for high-speed wireless communication. As a short-range wireless communication technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) has the advantages of high transmission rate, low power consumption, good security, strong anti-multipath ability, and low cost, and has attracted unprecedented attention. The planar helical antenna is a kind of ultra-wideband antenna, which has good impedance characteristics, pattern characteristics and circular polarization characteristics in a wide frequency band, and has been widely valued and applied in the field of electronic countermeasures. Planar helical antennas include equiangular helical antennas and Archimedes helical antennas. The planar helical antenna is a balanced structure. When feeding it with an unbalanced transmission line such as a coaxial line, a balun is needed to balance the current. In the Chinese patent "ultra-wideband planar helical antenna with back cavity" with the application number CN200810202640.5, a planar helical antenna based on a parabolic curved reflector cavity is proposed, but the standing wave ratio of the antenna is only less than 0.36-6.83GHz 2. The anti-interference ability is poor; and as the application frequency increases, the antenna radiation loss will increase, which limits its application.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对背景技术存在的缺陷，提出了一种新型的阶梯状背腔结构的平面螺旋天线，该天线在8-18GHz内驻波比小于1.45，天线的发射和接收效率高。Aiming at the defects of the background technology, the present invention proposes a novel planar helical antenna with a stepped cavity-backed structure. The standing wave ratio of the antenna is less than 1.45 within 8-18 GHz, and the antenna has high transmission and reception efficiency.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线，包括输入输出端口8、指数渐变巴伦5、平面螺旋天线1、介质板2和金属背腔7，所述指数渐变巴伦5包括平衡端6和非平衡端4，所述平衡端6连接平面螺旋天线1的两臂3，所述非平衡端4连接输入输出端口8，所述指数渐变巴伦5由金属背腔7包裹；其特征在于，所述金属背腔7为阶梯状结构，阶梯由平衡端到非平衡端方向上呈上升趋势。A planar helical antenna with a cavity-backed structure, including input and output ports 8, an exponentially variable balun 5, a planar helical antenna 1, a dielectric plate 2, and a metal back cavity 7, and the exponentially variable balun 5 includes a balanced terminal 6 and a non- The balanced terminal 4, the balanced terminal 6 is connected to the two arms 3 of the planar helical antenna 1, the unbalanced terminal 4 is connected to the input and output ports 8, and the exponentially changing balun 5 is wrapped by a metal back cavity 7; it is characterized in that the The metal back cavity 7 is a ladder-like structure, and the ladder shows an upward trend from the balanced end to the unbalanced end.
进一步地，所述平面螺旋天线1由两个中心对称的螺旋天线组成，且螺线的宽度与螺线间的间隔相等，这样形成的互补结构，有利于阻抗的宽带特性。Further, the planar helical antenna 1 is composed of two centrally symmetric helical antennas, and the width of the helixes is equal to the interval between the helixes. The complementary structure formed in this way is beneficial to the broadband characteristic of the impedance.
进一步地，所述平面螺旋天线1采用印刷电路技术制作。Further, the planar helical antenna 1 is manufactured by printed circuit technology.
进一步地，所述指数渐变巴伦5为形成于介质基片上的宽度渐变的金属带，包括平衡端6和非平衡端4，所述平衡端6连接平面螺旋天线1的两臂3，所述非平衡端4连接输入输出端口8。Further, the exponentially changing balun 5 is a metal strip with a gradually changing width formed on a dielectric substrate, including a balanced end 6 and an unbalanced end 4, the balanced end 6 is connected to the two arms 3 of the planar helical antenna 1, the The unbalanced terminal 4 is connected to the input and output port 8 .
进一步地，所述金属背腔7为三级阶梯状结构，口径大于平面螺旋天线1。Further, the metal back cavity 7 has a three-level stepped structure, and its diameter is larger than that of the planar helical antenna 1 .
进一步地，所述平面螺旋天线1由螺旋方程建立得到，位于介质板2的正面，金属背腔为阶梯状结构，位于介质板2的背面。Further, the planar helical antenna 1 is established by the helical equation and is located on the front of the dielectric plate 2 , and the metal back cavity is a stepped structure and is located on the back of the dielectric plate 2 .
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明平面螺旋天线采用新型的阶梯状背腔结构，实现了8-18GHz的宽带范围内驻波比小于1.45，具有较好的抗干扰能力，改善了平面螺旋天线的性能。The planar helical antenna of the invention adopts a novel ladder-shaped back cavity structure, realizes a standing wave ratio of less than 1.45 in the broadband range of 8-18GHz, has better anti-interference ability, and improves the performance of the planar helical antenna.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明平面螺旋天线的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of planar helical antenna of the present invention;
图2为本发明带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线中指数渐变巴伦5的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the exponentially changing balun 5 in the planar helical antenna with cavity-back structure of the present invention;
图3为本发明带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线的阶梯状背腔的剖视图；Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the stepped back cavity of the planar helical antenna with cavity-back structure of the present invention;
图4为本发明带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线的仿真驻波比示意图；Fig. 4 is the simulated standing wave ratio schematic diagram of the planar helical antenna with cavity-back structure of the present invention;
图5为本发明带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线的增益仿真示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of gain simulation of a planar helical antenna with a cavity-backed structure according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例，详述本发明的技术方案。The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1、2、3所示，实施例带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线包括输入输出端口8、指数渐变巴伦5、平面螺旋天线1、介质板2和金属背腔7；所述平面螺旋天线1由螺旋方程建立得到，通过印刷电路工艺印刷在介质板的正面，所述金属背腔7为三级阶梯状结构，位于介质板2的背面。As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the planar helical antenna with a cavity-backed structure in the embodiment includes an input and output port 8, an index gradient balun 5, a planar helical antenna 1, a dielectric plate 2, and a metal back cavity 7; the planar helix The antenna 1 is established by the spiral equation and is printed on the front of the dielectric board through a printed circuit process. The metal back cavity 7 is a three-level stepped structure and is located on the back of the dielectric board 2 .
进一步地，所述金属背腔7为三级阶梯状结构，由平衡端到非平衡端方向上依次为第一阶梯、第二阶梯和第三阶梯；所述第一阶梯的长度为频率范围最大波长的四分之一，第二阶梯的长度为中心频率对应波长的四分之一，第三阶梯的长度为频率范围最小波长的四分之一，从巴伦平衡端到非平衡端方向阶梯状背腔的横截面依次增大。Further, the metal back cavity 7 is a three-stage stepped structure, and the direction from the balanced end to the unbalanced end is sequentially the first step, the second step and the third step; the length of the first step is the largest in the frequency range A quarter of the wavelength, the length of the second step is a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, and the length of the third step is a quarter of the minimum wavelength of the frequency range, from the balanced end of the balun to the unbalanced end. The cross-section of the dorsal cavity increases successively.
进一步地，所述平面螺旋天线1由螺旋方程建立得到，具体的参数设置满足：Further, the planar helical antenna 1 is established by the helical equation, and the specific parameter settings satisfy:
(a)螺线的外径D取决于下限工作频率的波长λmax，其周长C＝πD≥1.25λmax；(a) The outer diameter D of the spiral depends on the wavelength λ max of the lower limit operating frequency, and its circumference C=πD≥1.25λ max ;
(b)螺线的内径2r0，即馈电点的间距，对天线阻抗匹配和上限工作频率都有较大的影响，应结合馈电方式考虑，但2r0必须小于λmin/4；(b) The inner diameter 2r 0 of the spiral, that is, the distance between the feed points, has a great influence on the antenna impedance matching and the upper limit of the operating frequency. It should be considered in conjunction with the feeding method, but 2r 0 must be less than λ min /4;
(c)螺线增长率a愈小，螺线的曲率愈大，则密度愈甚，终端效应小，但圈数过多传输损耗增大，通常取每臂约20圈；(c) The smaller the spiral growth rate a and the larger the curvature of the spiral, the greater the density and the smaller the terminal effect, but the transmission loss increases if the number of turns is too large, usually about 20 turns per arm;
(d)螺线宽度通常等于相邻螺线的间隙宽度称自补结构，两臂为无限长的自补结构天线输入阻抗理论值为188.5Ω，一般实际天线约为140Ω；若螺线宽度大于间隙宽度可降低输入阻抗。(d) The width of the spiral is usually equal to the width of the gap between adjacent spirals, which is called a self-complementary structure. The theoretical value of the input impedance of the self-complementary structure antenna with infinitely long arms is 188.5Ω, and the general actual antenna is about 140Ω; if the spiral width is greater than The gap width reduces the input impedance.
进一步地，所述指数渐变巴伦5采用指数型双面微带线结构，包括平衡端6和非平衡端4，所述平衡端6连接平面螺旋天线1的两臂3，所述非平衡端4连接输入输出端口8。Further, the exponentially changing balun 5 adopts an exponential double-sided microstrip line structure, including a balanced end 6 and an unbalanced end 4, the balanced end 6 is connected to the two arms 3 of the planar helical antenna 1, and the unbalanced end 4 Connect to input and output port 8.
进一步地，所述介质板2为Rogerss4003介质基板。Further, the dielectric board 2 is a Rogerss4003 dielectric substrate.
实施例所述带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线应用时，非平衡端4外接信号源，信号源通过指数渐变巴伦5传输到平面螺旋天线的两臂3，再由平面螺旋天线的两臂3向介质板2正反面辐射，向反面辐射的信号经过本发明提出的阶梯状金属背腔7反射，反射回来的信号在平面螺旋天线1一侧叠加，产生效率更高的辐射，并且由于特殊腔体的影响，辐射的信号驻波比很小(小于1.45)，在工作频率范围内(8-18GHz)抗干扰能力很强，从而实现通信功能。When the planar helical antenna with a cavity-back structure described in the embodiment is applied, the unbalanced end 4 is externally connected to a signal source, and the signal source is transmitted to the two arms 3 of the planar helical antenna through the exponentially changing balun 5, and then the two arms 3 of the planar helical antenna Radiate to the front and back of the dielectric plate 2, and the signal radiated to the back is reflected by the stepped metal back cavity 7 proposed by the present invention, and the reflected signal is superimposed on the side of the planar helical antenna 1 to produce more efficient radiation, and due to the special cavity Due to the influence of body, the radiated signal standing wave ratio is very small (less than 1.45), and the anti-interference ability is very strong in the working frequency range (8-18GHz), so as to realize the communication function.
如图4所示，为本发明带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线的仿真驻波比示意图，其中横坐标代表频率，单位GHz，纵坐标为驻波比值，单位是dB；由图4可知，本发明带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线在8-18GHz频率范围内，驻波比小于1.45。图5为本发明带背腔结构的平面螺旋天线的增益仿真示意图；由图5可知，本发明螺旋天线的增益为3.6dB。As shown in Figure 4, it is the simulated VSWR schematic diagram of the planar helical antenna with cavity-back structure of the present invention, wherein abscissa represents frequency, unit GHz, and ordinate is VSWR value, unit is dB; As can be seen from Fig. 4, this The planar helical antenna with a cavity-back structure is invented, and the standing wave ratio is less than 1.45 in the frequency range of 8-18GHz. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of gain simulation of the planar helical antenna with a cavity-backed structure of the present invention; it can be seen from Fig. 5 that the gain of the helical antenna of the present invention is 3.6 dB.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108232447A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | An Impedance Converter for Self-Complementary Structure Antenna |
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| US20100066624A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Yasuharu Masuda | Spiral antenna |
| CN105098340A (en) * | 2015-07-18 | 2015-11-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Miniature broadband helical antenna |
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- 2016-01-27 CN CN201610055964.5A patent/CN105609960A/en active Pending
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| US20100066624A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Yasuharu Masuda | Spiral antenna |
| CN101394020A (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2009-03-25 | 上海交通大学 | Ultra-Wideband Planar Helical Antenna with Cavity Back |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108232447A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | An Impedance Converter for Self-Complementary Structure Antenna |
| CN108232447B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2023-09-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | An impedance converter for self-complementary structure antenna |
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