CN105724792A - Wheat/rice straw feed containing enzyme complexing agent and preparing method and application of wheat/rice straw feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheat/rice straw feed containing an enzyme complexing agent. The wheat/rice straw feed is prepared from wheat/rice straw and the enzyme complexing agent including cellulase, xylanase, beta-dextranase, pectinase and laccase. The invention further provides mutton sheep full-mix daily food including the wheat/rice straw feed. According to the wheat/rice straw feed and the mutton sheep full-mix daily food, wheat and rice straw resources can be fully used, raw materials are easy to obtain, preparing steps are simple, cost is low, the growth performance and the slaughtering performance of mutton sheep can be remarkably improved, and good practical application value is achieved.

Description

A kind of wheat/rice straw feed containing enzyme complex agent Its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of livestock breeding, in particular to a wheat/rice straw feed and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

my country is the world's largest straw country, and the straw resources are very rich. According to the 2014 China Statistical Yearbook and the corresponding conversion coefficient calculations, the output of rice straw is 206.5 million tons, and the output of wheat straw is 126.2 million tons. The total output shows a growing trend. Since the crude fiber content in wheat straw and rice straw accounts for the vast majority of dry matter, while the proportion of crude protein is low, the quality and palatability are poor, the overall nutritional value and the digestion and utilization rate of animal organisms are low, so it is not suitable for wintering Therefore, the utilization rate of straw feed is limited. Except some of them are used as papermaking and domestic fuel, most of them are burned or returned to the field, resulting in a serious waste of feed resources. Therefore, how to improve its nutritional value and digestibility and improve its utilization efficiency is the need to vigorously develop grain-saving grass-fed livestock and poultry breeding, and it is also an inevitable trend for the efficient, high-quality and sustainable development of animal husbandry structure.

Both wheat straw and rice straw are composed of a large amount of organic matter and a small amount of inorganic matter and water. Among them, the main component of organic matter is carbohydrate, and carbohydrate is composed of cellulose and soluble sugar. In addition, there is a small amount of crude protein and crude fat. Cellulosic substances are the main components of plant cell walls, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin with a three-dimensional network structure. Among the three major components of straw crude fiber, lignin is the main limiting factor affecting the digestibility of straw feed. Hemicellulose and cellulose in straw components can be degraded and utilized by rumen microorganisms of ruminants, but because lignin and hemicellulose are cross-linked and embedded in cellulose, they are linked by strong ether or ester bonds; At the same time, lignin surrounds cellulose to form a peripheral matrix, which inhibits the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose by microorganisms and enzymes, and animals lack lignin-degrading enzymes; therefore, the special straw cell wall The complex of lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose limits the digestion and utilization of hemicellulose, cellulose and other components by herbivores, thus hindering the release of nutrients in straw cells, resulting in a decrease in the digestibility of straw. Therefore, breaking the ester bond or ether bond of lignin is the key to degrade lignin and improve straw digestibility.

Enzyme degradation technology mainly relies on the synergistic effect between cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninase to decompose lignocellulose structure. Cellulase can attack glycosidic bonds, loosen the cell wall structure, and at the same time oxidize and methylate the side chain of lignin, and then the benzene ring in lignin is unchained and further degraded to make it soft and the surface area increases. The contact area increases, thereby promoting the degradation of fiber components. Cellulase can degrade cellulose to generate glucose, and hydrolyze β-1, 4 glycosidic bonds to convert a part of cellulose in the straw into usable cellobiose or glucose. The endo- and exo-β-glucanases in the cellulase can degrade straw cellulose to generate cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides, and then decompose them into available glucose and β-glucan by β-glucosidase. Hemicellulase such as enzyme and xylanase can degrade hemicellulose into various five-carbon sugars and reduce the viscosity of hemicellulose after dissolving in water. Xylanase can further destroy lignin components in straw. Pectinase can destroy the protective layer of the plant surface, and the probiotics in the body can enter the plant tissue and decompose the fiber components, increasing the degradation rate of lignocellulose. Laccase can degrade lignin. The above three types of enzyme preparations act on cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin layers respectively, so that probiotics in the body can enter the plant cells in time to play a role; destroy the structure of plant fibers, and convert cellulose into usable carbohydrates , so as to further increase the degradation rate of wheat/rice straw lignocellulose, promote animal digestion and absorption of wheat straw and rice straw nutrition, and ultimately improve the utilization rate of straw feed and promote animal growth. In addition, enzymes can be mass-produced and compounded into enzyme preparations, which are simple and convenient to use and have broad application prospects.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to use wheat or rice straw resources to obtain a novel wheat/rice straw feed that can promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of mutton sheep by using an enzyme complex agent.

Specifically, the present invention provides a wheat/rice straw feed, which comprises wheat/rice straw and an enzyme compound.

The enzyme complex agent of the present invention comprises: cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, pectinase and laccase. The enzyme complex agent can be prepared by mixing the enzyme preparations of corresponding types on the market in proportion.

In the enzyme compound agent: cellulase ≥ 100,000 U/g, xylanase ≥ 10 million U/g, β-glucanase ≥ 20 million U/g, pectinase ≥ 100,000 U/g , and laccase ≥ 0.5 million U/g.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, in the enzyme complex agent: cellulase ≥ 300,000 U/g, xylanase ≥ 20 million U/g, β-glucanase ≥ 50 million U/g, pectin Enzyme ≥ 300,000 U/g, laccase ≥ 10,000 U/g.

Further preferably, the enzyme complex contains: cellulase 300-400,000 U/g, xylanase 20-25 million U/g, β-glucanase 50-55 million U/g, fruit Gluease 300,000-400,000 U/g, laccase 10,000-50,000 U/g.

In order to improve the effect, the present invention optimizes the dosage relationship between wheat or rice straw and the enzyme complex agent, specifically comprising the following components by weight: 1000 parts of wheat or rice straw, 0.1-10 parts of enzyme complex agent; preferably including: 1000 parts of wheat or rice straw, 0.5-2 parts of enzyme compound.

In the scheme of the present invention, wheat straw and rice straw are respectively used as raw materials to obtain wheat straw feed and rice straw feed.

In practical application, wheat or rice straw harvested immediately after ear removal is preferred; in order to increase the specific surface area, the straw can be crushed into segments for use, and the segment length is preferably less than 5 cm, more preferably 2-3 cm.

The wheat/rice straw feed of the present invention is preferably prepared by the following method: crush the wheat or rice straw harvested immediately after ear removal, dissolve the enzyme compound preparation in water and mix it evenly with the crushed straw, then . When mixing, it is preferable to control the moisture content of the crop straws at 50-70%.

The present invention further provides a complete mixed ration for mutton sheep, comprising the following ingredients in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of wheat or rice straw feed described in the present invention, 15-25 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 5-20 parts of bran 15 parts, 0.1-1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-1 part of table salt, 0.5-5 parts of stone powder, 0.5-2 parts of premix containing vitamins and trace elements.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the total mixed ration for mutton sheep contains the wheat straw feed of the present invention, specifically including the following ingredients in parts by weight: 48-52 parts of wheat straw feed, 17-20 parts of corn, soybean meal 17-19 parts, 8-12 parts of bran, 0.3-0.7 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.7 parts of table salt, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of premix containing vitamins and trace elements.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the total mixed ration for mutton sheep contains the rice straw feed of the present invention, specifically including the following ingredients in parts by weight: 48-52 parts of rice straw feed, 19-22 parts of corn, soybean meal 15-17 parts, 8-12 parts of bran, 0.3-0.7 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.7 parts of table salt, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of premix containing vitamins and trace elements.

The stone powder refers to limestone ore powder, wherein the calcium content is 30-35%.

The premix of the present invention contains vitamins and trace elements necessary for the growth of livestock, specifically VA, VD ₃ , VE, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, iodine and cobalt. The composition of the premix is preferably provided per kilogram of livestock feed: VA13000IU, _VD34200IU , VE40mg, iron 66mg, copper 13mg, manganese 60mg, zinc 60mg, selenium 0.3mg, iodine 0.5mg, cobalt 0.2mg.

The present invention further protects the application of the wheat or rice straw feed or the mutton sheep total mixed ration in feeding mutton sheep; the mutton sheep are preferably fattening mutton sheep.

The specific method of feeding the livestock is as follows: in the state of the livestock drinking water freely, they are fed once a day in the morning and in the afternoon, and the remaining amount of the feed after each feeding is 5-15%, preferably 10%.

The wheat/rice straw feed and mutton sheep total mixed ration provided by the invention can make full use of straw resources, have easy-to-obtain raw materials, simple preparation steps and low cost, can significantly improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of mutton sheep, and have good practical application value.

detailed description

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In each of the following examples, the enzyme complex agent is mixed in proportion by commercially available enzyme agents of corresponding varieties; wherein, cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, pectinase and laccase All were purchased from Baiyin Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Example 1

This example provides a wheat straw feed; the wheat straw used was taken from Jinchang City, Gansu Province, and harvested after the grains were harvested on June 30, 2015.

The wheat straw feed contains the following ingredients: 1000 kg of 2-3 cm segmental wheat straw after harvesting grains, 1 kg of enzyme compound; the enzyme compound contains: 300,000 U/g of cellulase, 2000 g of xylanase 10,000 U/g, β-glucanase 50 million U/g, pectinase 300,000 U/g, laccase 10,000 U/g.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a rice straw feed; the rice straw used is taken from Jilin City, Jilin Province, and the variety is Daohuaxiang, which was harvested after the grains were harvested in 2015.

The rice straw feed contains the following components: 1000 kg of 2-3 cm segmented rice straw after harvesting grains, and 1 kg of enzyme compound; the composition of the enzyme compound is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 3

This embodiment provides a complete mixed ration for mutton sheep, which is specifically composed of the following ingredients: 50 kg of wheat straw feed provided in Example 1, 18.5 kg of corn, 18 kg of soybean meal, 10 kg of bran, 0.5 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 kg of salt, Stone powder 1.5kg, premix containing vitamins and trace elements 1kg;

The composition of the premix is provided per kilogram of livestock feed: VA13000IU, _VD3 4200IU, VE40mg, iron 66mg, copper 13mg, manganese 60mg, zinc 60mg, selenium 0.3mg, iodine 0.5mg, cobalt 0.2mg.

Example 4

This embodiment provides a complete mixed ration for mutton sheep, which is specifically composed of the following ingredients: 50 kg of rice straw feed provided in Example 2, 20.5 kg of corn, 16 kg of soybean meal, 10 kg of bran, 0.5 kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 kg of salt, Stone powder 1.5kg, the premix 1kg that contains vitamin and trace element; The composition of described premix is the same as embodiment 4.

Experimental example

In this experimental example, mutton sheep were fed with the mutton sheep total mixed ration provided in Examples 3 and 4, and its effect on the growth performance and slaughter performance of mutton sheep was detected.

In this experimental example, Leymus chinensis and wheat and rice straw without enzyme preparation were set as the control group at the same time. The specific composition was: Leymus chinensis or wheat/rice straw (without addition) 50kg, corn 25kg, soybean meal 11.5kg, bran 10kg, phosphoric acid Calcium hydrogen 0.5kg, salt 0.5kg, stone powder 1.5kg, the premix (composition is identical with embodiment 3,4) 1kg that contains vitamin and trace element.

In this experiment example, Dorper×Small-tailed Han sheep hybridized F1 male lambs (uncastrated) with a body weight of (25.09kg±1.54kg), similar age, and good body condition were selected as experimental animals; 5 circles were set up for each treatment. There were 4 sheep in each pen, a total of 20; the experimental sheep were fed twice a day at 8:00 and 16:00, and had free access to water. The feeding amount was adjusted according to the feed intake of the sheep the previous day to ensure that there was about 10% leftover feed in the feeding trough; the pre-feeding was 10 days, and the formal test period was 60 days.

The specific measurement indicators are: initial body weight, final body weight, daily gain, dry matter intake, feed-to-weight ratio, live weight before slaughter, carcass weight and slaughter rate.

Among them, the initial body weight and the end body weight: the fasting body weight of each sheep was weighed before the morning feeding on the day of the beginning of the pre-trial period and the end of the main trial period. Calculate the daily weight gain based on the weight values at the beginning and end of the official period; accurately weigh and record the feeding amount and remaining amount of each circle in detail every day. Feed and leftover samples were collected every 7 days, and their conventional nutritional components were determined. The live weight before slaughter is the body weight after 16 hours of fasting, and the carcass weight is the weight after removing the head, hoof, skin and viscera. The slaughter rate is calculated based on the carcass weight and the live weight before slaughter.

The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. The experimental data was analyzed by variance using SPSS19.0 statistical software ANOVA, and the Duncan method was used for multiple comparisons if the difference was significant. P<0.05 was taken as the criterion of significant difference.

Table 1: Effect of livestock feed on growth performance of mutton sheep

The results in Table 1 show that there was no significant difference in the initial body weight of the test sheep between the wheat treatment group and the rice treatment group (P>0.05), which conformed to the principle of random grouping. In terms of dry matter intake, there was no significant difference among the groups (P=0.154). The ending body weight and daily gain of the group without adding wheat straw were significantly lower than those of the group adding enzyme preparation wheat straw (Example 3; P<0.05), and the ending body weight and daily gain of the group without adding rice straw were significantly lower than those of adding enzyme preparation rice Straw group (Example 4; P<0.05); while the change rule of feed weight ratio was opposite to the daily weight gain, indicating that after adding enzyme preparations to wheat and rice straw, the feed utilization rate was higher than that of the non-added group (P<0.05). Adding enzyme preparation wheat straw group (Example 3) finished body weight and daily weight gain slightly higher than Leymus chinensis group, feed-to-weight ratio is lower than Leymus chinensis group, while adding enzyme preparation rice straw group (Example 4) finished body weight, average body weight The ratios of feed and weight were close to those of Leymus chinensis group, which indicated that the growth performance of wheat and rice straw was good after adding enzyme preparations.

Table 2: Effect of Livestock Feed on Slaughter Performance of Mutton Sheep

treatment group Slaughter number (head) Live weight before slaughter (kg) Carcass weight (kg) Slaughter rate (%) Example 3 5 36.34 16.10 44.30 Air-dried wheat straw (no additives) 5 33.05 12.76 38.60 Standard error (SEM) - 0.517 0.180 2.978 P value - 0.000 0.024 0.009 Example 4 5 35.05 15.66 44.68 Air-dried rice straw (no additives) 5 30.77 13.08 42.51 Standard error (SEM) - 0.412 0.306 0.607 P value - 0.005 0.041 0.034 Leymus chinensis 5 33.14 14.18 42.80

The results in Table 2 show that the ante-mortem live weight, carcass weight and slaughter rate of the group without adding wheat straw were significantly lower than those of the group with added enzyme preparation wheat straw (Example 3; P<0.05), while the ante-mortem live weight of the group without adding rice straw The live weight, carcass weight and slaughter rate were significantly lower than those of the enzyme preparation rice straw group (Example 4; P<0.05). It shows that the addition of enzyme preparations to wheat and rice straw can significantly improve the slaughter performance (P<0.05). The values of live weight, carcass weight and slaughter rate of the wheat/rice straw group (Examples 3 and 4) added with enzyme preparation were slightly higher than those of Leymus chinensis group, indicating that the slaughter performance of wheat and rice straw with enzyme preparation was good.

In said Table 1 and Table 2, the feeding methods and conditions of each treatment group are exactly the same. From the data in Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the wheat or rice straw feed and the total mixed ration for mutton sheep provided by the present invention can significantly improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of mutton sheep, and have good practical application value.

Although, the present invention has been described in detail with general description, specific implementation and test above, but on the basis of the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art . Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A wheat/rice straw feed containing an enzyme compound, characterized in that it comprises wheat/rice straw and an enzyme compound; The enzyme complex agent comprises: cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, pectinase and laccase. 2. The wheat/rice straw feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the enzyme complex agent: cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, pectinase and laccase are all ≥ 10,000 U/g. 3. The wheat/rice straw feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the enzyme complex agent: cellulase ≥ 300,000 U/g, xylanase ≥ 20 million U/g, β-glucose Glycanase ≥ 50 million U/g, pectinase ≥ 300,000 U/g, laccase ≥ 10,000 U/g. 4. The wheat/rice straw feed according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that it comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 1000 parts of wheat/rice straw, 0.1-10 parts of enzyme compound. 5. The wheat/rice straw feed according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 1000 parts of wheat/rice straw, 0.5-2 parts of enzyme compound. 6. The wheat/rice straw feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, the wheat/rice straw is specifically: wheat/rice straw harvested immediately after ear removal or wheat air-dried after ear removal / Rice straw. 7. A total mixed ration for mutton sheep, characterized in that it comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of wheat/rice straw feed according to any one of claims 1-6, 15-25 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal ~20 parts, 5-15 parts of bran, 0.1-1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-1 part of table salt, 0.5-5 parts of stone powder, 0.5-2 parts of premix containing vitamins and trace elements. 8. The application of the wheat/rice straw feed described in any one of claims 1 to 6 or the mutton sheep total mixed ration described in claim 7 in feeding mutton sheep. 9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, the feeding of the mutton sheep is specifically: in the state of free drinking water of the mutton sheep, feeding once in the morning and afternoon each day, and the remaining feed after each feeding The amount is 5-15%. 10. The application according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the mutton sheep is a fattening mutton sheep.