CN106033023B - Method and system for measuring beat length of polarization-maintaining optical fiber - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种保偏光纤拍长测量方法，其包括如下步骤：S101、将光源保偏光纤尾纤和待测保偏光纤的输入端直接熔接，待测保偏光纤的输出端切平后和准直透镜相对；S103、使线偏振脉冲激光经光源保偏光纤从待测保偏光纤的输入端进入，从待测保偏光纤的输出端出射，并经准直透镜准直输入至自相关仪；S105、利用自相关仪测量获得线偏振脉冲激光在待测保偏光纤两光轴的脉冲延时差Δτ，并代入函数即可得出待测保偏光纤的拍长LB，其中，λ为线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长，L为待测保偏光纤的长度，c为真空中光速。本发明另外提供一种保偏光纤拍长测量系统。所述保偏光纤拍长测量方法操作过程简单、快捷，能够精确快速地测量待测保偏光纤的拍长。
The invention provides a method for measuring the beat length of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, which includes the following steps: S101, directly welding the tail fiber of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source and the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested, and cutting the output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested flat Opposite to the collimating lens; S103, make the linearly polarized pulsed laser enter from the input end of the polarization maintaining fiber to be tested through the polarization maintaining fiber of the light source, exit from the output end of the polarization maintaining fiber to be tested, and be collimated by the collimating lens and input to the self Correlator; S105, using the autocorrelator to measure and obtain the pulse delay difference Δτ of the linearly polarized pulsed laser on the two optical axes of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and substitute it into the function The beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested can be obtained, where λ is the light wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, L is the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The invention additionally provides a polarization maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement system. The method for measuring the beat length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber has a simple and fast operation process, and can accurately and quickly measure the beat length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光纤技术领域，尤其涉及一种保偏光纤拍长测量方法及系统。The invention relates to the field of optical fiber technology, in particular to a method and system for measuring the beat length of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
背景技术Background technique
随着高速光纤通讯、相干光纤通讯、光纤激光器以及光纤陀螺、光纤水听器等高精度光纤传感技术的发展与应用，国内外对于高品质保偏光纤的需求量逐年增长。拍长是描述保偏光纤性能的重要参数，快速精确测量保偏光纤的拍长对于稳定保偏光纤的生产工艺和提高保偏光纤的生产效率具有极重要的意义。With the development and application of high-precision optical fiber sensing technologies such as high-speed optical fiber communication, coherent optical fiber communication, fiber lasers, fiber optic gyroscopes, and fiber optic hydrophones, the demand for high-quality polarization-maintaining optical fibers at home and abroad is increasing year by year. Beat length is an important parameter to describe the performance of polarization-maintaining fiber. Rapid and accurate measurement of the beat-length of polarization-maintaining fiber is of great significance for stabilizing the production process of polarization-maintaining fiber and improving the production efficiency of polarization-maintaining fiber.
传统测量保偏光纤拍长的方法有剪裁法、侧向压力扫描法、移动磁场扫描法、光谱法等，这些方法测量精度都不高，而且测量过程复杂、测量效率低。其中，剪裁法和侧向压力扫描法会破坏光纤，因而不能重复测量。最新的测量保偏光纤拍长的方法是时域群速度延迟白光干涉法，该方法用相干长度很短的白光作为光源，利用保偏光纤两光轴传光速度不同而引起光源在两个正交光轴的时间延迟，经迈克尔逊干涉仪之后采用光电探测器测量光源自相干信号，干涉仪两延迟壁不同长度差对应不同干涉信号强度，从而测得光源经保偏光纤传输之后两光轴上群延迟时间差，经计算得到光纤拍长。这种方法测量精度较高(约2％)，但该方法因需要相干长度极短的稳定宽带白光光源，抗震动性能极好、配置精密微步进位移导轨的稳定迈克尔逊干涉仪和信噪比极高的干涉信号探测系统，从而使得这种测量系统复杂并且昂贵。The traditional methods for measuring the beat length of polarization-maintaining optical fibers include cutting method, lateral pressure scanning method, moving magnetic field scanning method, and spectroscopic method. These methods have low measurement accuracy, and the measurement process is complicated and the measurement efficiency is low. Among them, the clipping method and the lateral pressure scanning method will damage the optical fiber, so the measurement cannot be repeated. The latest method for measuring the beat length of polarization-maintaining fiber is time-domain group velocity delay white light interferometry. The time delay of the intersecting optical axis, after the Michelson interferometer, the photodetector is used to measure the self-coherent signal of the light source, and the difference in length between the two delay walls of the interferometer corresponds to the different interference signal intensity, so as to measure the two optical axes after the light source is transmitted through the polarization-maintaining fiber The group delay time difference is calculated to obtain the optical fiber beat length. This method has a high measurement accuracy (about 2%), but this method requires a stable broadband white light source with an extremely short coherence length, excellent anti-vibration performance, a stable Michelson interferometer with a precise micro-stepping displacement guide rail, and a signal-to-noise The interferometric signal detection system has a very high ratio, making this measurement system complex and expensive.
因此，迫切需要设计一种简单、快捷的保偏光纤拍长测量方法及系统。Therefore, it is urgent to design a simple and fast method and system for measuring the beat length of polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于此，有必要针对现有技术存在的上述问题，提供一种保偏光纤拍长测量方法及系统，以解决现有技术存在的问题。Based on this, it is necessary to provide a polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement method and system to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
一种保偏光纤拍长测量方法，其包括如下步骤：A method for measuring the beat length of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, comprising the steps of:
S101、将光源保偏光纤尾纤和待测保偏光纤的输入端直接熔接，所述待测保偏光纤的输出端切平后和准直透镜相对；S101. Splice the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source directly to the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested, and the output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested is cut flat and faces the collimating lens;
S103、使线偏振脉冲激光经所述光源保偏光纤从所述待测保偏光纤的输入端进入，从所述待测保偏光纤的输出端出射，并经所述准直透镜准直输入至自相关仪；S103. Let the linearly polarized pulsed laser enter from the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested through the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source, exit from the output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested, and be collimated and input by the collimating lens to the autocorrelator;
S105、利用所述自相关仪测量获得所述线偏振脉冲激光在所述待测保偏光纤两光轴的脉冲延时差Δτ，并代入函数即可得出所述待测保偏光纤的拍长LB，其中，λ为线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长，L为所述待测保偏光纤的长度，c为真空中光速。S105. Using the autocorrelator to measure and obtain the pulse delay difference Δτ of the linearly polarized pulsed laser on the two optical axes of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and substitute it into a function The beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested can be obtained, where λ is the light wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, L is the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述光源保偏光纤尾纤和所述待测保偏光纤的输入端以光轴夹角为45°左右直接熔接。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source and the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested are directly welded at an included angle of about 45° between the optical axes.
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述线偏振脉冲激光由线偏振超短脉冲激光器直接出射。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linearly polarized pulsed laser is directly emitted by a linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser.
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述线偏振脉冲激光由非线偏振超短脉冲激光器出射后经光纤起偏器起偏后形成。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linearly polarized pulsed laser is emitted from a non-linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser and then polarized by a fiber polarizer.
一种保偏光纤拍长测量系统，用于测量待测保偏光纤的拍长，所述待测保偏光纤的输出端被切平，所述保偏光纤拍长测量系统包括出射线偏振脉冲激光的超短脉冲激光光源装置、准直透镜及自相关仪，线偏振脉冲激光进入光源保偏光纤后通过所述光源保偏光纤和所述待测保偏光纤的直接熔接点进入所述待测保偏光纤，并从所述待测保偏光纤的输出端出射，经所述准直透镜准直输入至所述自相关仪，所述自相关仪用于测量所述线偏振脉冲激光的脉冲延时差Δτ，将脉冲延时差Δτ代入函数即可得出所述待测保偏光纤的拍长LB，其中，λ为线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长，L为所述待测保偏光纤的长度，c为真空中光速。A polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement system, used to measure the beat length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested, the output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested is cut flat, and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat-length measurement system includes output line polarization pulse Laser ultrashort pulse laser light source device, collimating lens and autocorrelator, the linearly polarized pulsed laser enters the polarization maintaining fiber of the light source and enters the waiting point through the direct welding point of the polarization maintaining fiber of the light source and the polarization maintaining fiber Measure the polarization-maintaining fiber, and exit from the output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, collimate through the collimating lens and input to the autocorrelator, and the autocorrelator is used to measure the linearly polarized pulsed laser Pulse delay difference Δτ, substitute the pulse delay difference Δτ into the function The beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested can be obtained, where λ is the light wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, L is the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述直接熔接点由所述光源保偏光纤尾纤和所述待测保偏光纤的输入端以光轴夹角为45°左右直接熔接形成。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the direct welding point is formed by directly welding the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source and the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested at an angle of about 45° between the optical axes.
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述待测保偏光纤的输出端和所述准直透镜相对且位于光轴上。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested is opposite to the collimator lens and located on the optical axis.
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述超短脉冲激光光源装置为线偏振超短脉冲激光器，其直接出射所述线偏振脉冲激光。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ultrashort pulse laser source device is a linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser, which directly emits the linearly polarized pulsed laser.
本发明一较佳实施方式中，所述超短脉冲激光光源装置包括非线偏振超短脉冲激光器和光纤起偏器，所述非线偏振超短脉冲激光器出射的脉冲激光经所述光纤起偏器后形成所述线偏振脉冲激光。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ultrashort pulse laser source device includes a nonlinearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser and a fiber polarizer, and the pulsed laser emitted by the nonlinearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser is polarized through the optical fiber The linearly polarized pulse laser is formed after the device.
本发明另外提供一种保偏光纤拍长测量方法，其包括如下步骤：The present invention additionally provides a method for measuring the beat length of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, which includes the following steps:
S201、将光纤起偏器的一个端口作为输入端与光源保偏光纤尾纤直接熔接，另一个端口作为输出端与待测保偏光纤的输入端直接熔接，所述待测保偏光纤的输出端切平后和准直透镜相对；S201. Use one port of the optical fiber polarizer as the input end to directly weld the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source, and use the other port as the output end to directly weld the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested. The output of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested After the end is cut flat, it is opposite to the collimating lens;
S203、使非线偏振脉冲激光进入所述光源保偏光纤后通过所述光纤起偏器转化成线偏振脉冲激光，从所述待测保偏光纤的输出端出射，并经所述准直透镜准直输入至自相关仪；S203. Make the non-linearly polarized pulsed laser light enter the polarization-maintaining fiber of the light source and convert it into a linearly polarized pulsed laser through the fiber polarizer, exit from the output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and pass through the collimating lens Collimated input to the autocorrelator;
S205、利用所述自相关仪测量获得所述线偏振脉冲激光的脉冲延时差Δτ，并代入函数即可得出所述待测保偏光纤的拍长LB，其中，λ为线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长，L为所述待测保偏光纤的长度，c为真空中光速。S205. Using the autocorrelator to measure and obtain the pulse delay difference Δτ of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, and substitute it into a function The beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested can be obtained, where λ is the light wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, L is the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
相较于现有技术，本发明提供的保偏光纤拍长测量方法只需对待测保偏光纤的输入端和光源保偏光纤尾纤进行一次熔接即可，操作过程简单、快捷，能够精确快速地测量待测保偏光纤的拍长。经测试验证，所述保偏光纤拍长测量方法的测量精度可达到1％以上，测量待测保偏光纤的长度范围大(几十厘米到几公里)，同时无接触测量对待测保偏光纤无损伤，可直接对整卷光纤进行测量而无需重新绕纤。此外，本发明提供的保偏光纤拍长测量系统中，超短脉冲激光光源装置在市场上较易获得，且价格便宜，自相关仪也是成熟的实验室常见仪器，采购方便，因此所述保偏光纤拍长测量系统相对较为简单且便宜。Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the beat length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber provided by the present invention only needs one fusion splicing between the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured and the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source. Measure the beat length of the polarization-maintaining fiber under test accurately. It has been verified by tests that the measurement accuracy of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber shot length measurement method can reach more than 1%, and the length range of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured is large (tens of centimeters to several kilometers), and at the same time, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested can be measured without contact No damage, the whole coil of fiber can be measured directly without rewinding the fiber. In addition, in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement system provided by the present invention, the ultra-short pulse laser light source device is relatively easy to obtain in the market, and the price is cheap. Polarized fiber beat length measurement systems are relatively simple and inexpensive.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明第一实施例提供的保偏光纤拍长测量方法的流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for measuring the beat length of polarization-maintaining optical fiber provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;
图2为图1所示保偏光纤拍长测量方法中自相关仪的测量结果图；Fig. 2 is the measurement result figure of autocorrelator in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement method shown in Fig. 1;
图3为本发明第二实施例提供的保偏光纤拍长测量系统的示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement system provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明第三实施例提供的保偏光纤拍长测量方法的流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the beat length of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳实施方式。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地，提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本发明的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the associated drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed” to another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions are used herein for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to represent the only embodiments.
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field of the invention. The terminology used herein in the description of the present invention is only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
请参阅图1，本发明第一实施例提供一种保偏光纤拍长测量方法，其包括如下步骤：Referring to Fig. 1, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring the beat length of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, which includes the following steps:
S101、将光源保偏光纤尾纤和待测保偏光纤的输入端直接熔接，所述待测保偏光纤的输出端切平后和准直透镜相对。S101. Directly fusion splice the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source and the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested. The output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested is cut flat and faces the collimating lens.
本实施例中，所述光源保偏光纤尾纤和所述待测保偏光纤的输入端以光轴夹角为45°左右直接熔接。可以理解的是，所述光源保偏光纤尾纤和所述待测保偏光纤的输入端直接熔接形成一个直接熔接点。In this embodiment, the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source and the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested are directly welded at an included angle of about 45° between the optical axes. It can be understood that the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source and the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested are directly fused to form a direct fusion splicing point.
优选地，所述线偏振脉冲激光由线偏振超短脉冲激光器直接出射，当然，并不局限于本实施例，所述线偏振脉冲激光也可以由非线偏振超短脉冲激光器出射后经光纤起偏器起偏后形成，只要能形成所述线偏振脉冲激光。Preferably, the linearly polarized pulsed laser is directly emitted by a linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser. Of course, it is not limited to this embodiment. The linearly polarized pulsed laser can also be emitted by a non-linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser through an optical fiber. The polarizer is formed after polarizing, as long as the linearly polarized pulsed laser light can be formed.
本实施例中，所述待测保偏光纤的输出端采用切割刀切平，以和准直透镜相对。In this embodiment, the output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested is cut flat with a cutting knife so as to be opposite to the collimating lens.
S103、使线偏振脉冲激光经所述光源保偏光纤从所述待测保偏光纤的输入端进入，从所述待测保偏光纤的输出端出射，并经所述准直透镜准直输入至自相关仪。S103. Let the linearly polarized pulsed laser enter from the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested through the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source, exit from the output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested, and be collimated and input by the collimating lens to the autocorrelator.
可以理解的是，线偏振脉冲激光经待测保偏光纤传输时，由于待测保偏光纤的快轴和慢轴的光传输速度不同，线偏振脉冲激光在待测保偏光纤的两光轴(即快轴和慢轴)会产生由时间延迟形成的固定时间间隔的双脉冲，时间延迟量由快轴和慢轴的传光速度差和待测保偏光纤的长度决定。It can be understood that when the linearly polarized pulsed laser is transmitted through the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, due to the different optical transmission speeds of the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, the linearly polarized pulsed laser is (that is, the fast axis and the slow axis) will generate double pulses with a fixed time interval formed by a time delay, and the amount of time delay is determined by the light transmission speed difference between the fast axis and the slow axis and the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested.
S105、利用所述自相关仪测量获得所述线偏振脉冲激光在待测保偏光纤的两光轴的脉冲延时差Δτ，并代入函数即可得出所述待测保偏光纤的拍长LB，其中，λ为线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长，L为所述待测保偏光纤的长度，c为真空中光速。S105. Using the autocorrelator to measure and obtain the pulse delay difference Δτ of the linearly polarized pulsed laser on the two optical axes of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and substitute it into a function The beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested can be obtained, where λ is the light wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, L is the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
本实施例中，自相关仪显示测量得到的两个具有一定时间间隔并且脉冲宽度相等的脉冲，如图2所示，其中脉冲宽度即是产生线偏振脉冲激光的光源(即线偏振超短脉冲激光器或非线偏振超短脉冲激光器)的脉冲宽度，脉冲之间的时间间隔即是两个脉冲的时间间隔，即待测保偏光纤的快轴和慢轴之间的脉冲延时差Δτ。In this embodiment, the autocorrelator displays two measured pulses with a certain time interval and equal pulse widths, as shown in Figure 2, where the pulse width is the source of the linearly polarized pulsed laser (i.e. the linearly polarized ultrashort pulse Laser or non-linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser), the time interval between pulses is the time interval between two pulses, that is, the pulse delay difference Δτ between the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested.
具体地，若待测保偏光纤的长度为L，X轴(慢轴)折射率为nx，Y轴(快轴)折射率为ny，线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长为λ，则拍长为：Specifically, if the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested is L, the refractive index of the X-axis (slow axis) is n x , the refractive index of the Y-axis (fast axis) is n y , and the optical wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser is λ, then Long as:
线偏振脉冲激光经待测保偏光纤传输之后快轴和慢轴的脉冲时间延迟差为：After the linearly polarized pulsed laser is transmitted through the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, the pulse time delay difference between the fast axis and the slow axis is:
由(1)式(2)式即可得拍长：The beat length can be obtained from (1) and (2):
将自相关仪测量得到的脉冲延时差Δτ代入(3)式，即可算出待测保偏光纤的拍长值LB。Substituting the pulse delay difference Δτ measured by the autocorrelator into formula (3), the beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested can be calculated.
请参阅图3，本发明第二实施例提供一种保偏光纤拍长测量系统100，用于测量待测保偏光纤10的拍长，所述待测保偏光纤10的输出端被切平，所述保偏光纤拍长测量系统100包括出射线偏振脉冲激光的超短脉冲激光光源装置20、准直透镜30及自相关仪40，线偏振脉冲激光进入光源保偏光纤50后通过所述光源保偏光纤50和所述待测保偏光纤10的直接熔接点51进入所述待测保偏光纤10，并从所述待测保偏光纤10的输出端出射，经所述准直透镜30准直输入至所述自相关仪40，所述自相关仪40用于测量所述线偏振脉冲激光在待测保偏光纤两光轴的脉冲延时差Δτ，将脉冲延时差Δτ代入函数即可得出所述待测保偏光纤10的拍长LB，其中，λ为线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长，L为所述待测保偏光纤10的长度，c为真空中光速。Please refer to FIG. 3 , the second embodiment of the present invention provides a polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement system 100 for measuring the beat length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 10 to be tested, the output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 10 to be tested is cut flat The polarization-maintaining fiber beat length measurement system 100 includes an ultra-short pulse laser light source device 20 emitting linearly polarized pulsed laser light, a collimating lens 30, and an autocorrelator 40. After the linearly polarized pulsed laser enters the light source polarization-maintaining fiber 50, it passes through the The direct fusion splicing point 51 between the light source polarization maintaining fiber 50 and the polarization maintaining fiber 10 to be tested enters the polarization maintaining fiber 10 to be tested, and emerges from the output end of the polarization maintaining fiber 10 to be tested, passes through the collimating lens 30 is collimated and input to the autocorrelator 40, and the autocorrelator 40 is used to measure the pulse delay difference Δτ of the linearly polarized pulsed laser on the two optical axes of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and the pulse delay difference Δτ is substituted into function The beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber 10 to be tested can be obtained, where λ is the light wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, L is the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber 10 to be tested, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
本实施例中，所述直接熔接点51由所述光源保偏光纤50的尾纤和所述待测保偏光纤10的输入端以光轴夹角为45°左右直接熔接形成，由此，可以使得待测保偏光纤10的快轴和慢轴分得相等的光源光脉冲能量。进一步地，所述待测保偏光纤10的输出端和所述准直透镜30相对且位于光轴上。In this embodiment, the direct fusion splicing point 51 is formed by direct fusion splicing the tail fiber of the light source polarization maintaining optical fiber 50 and the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber 10 to be tested at an angle of about 45° between the optical axes, thus, The fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber 10 to be tested can be divided into equal light source light pulse energies. Further, the output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber 10 to be tested is opposite to the collimator lens 30 and located on the optical axis.
优选地，所述超短脉冲激光光源装置20为线偏振超短脉冲激光器，其直接出射所述线偏振脉冲激光。当然，并不局限于此，本发明另一优选方式中，所述超短脉冲激光光源装置20包括非线偏振超短脉冲激光器和光纤起偏器，所述非线偏振超短脉冲激光器出射的非线偏振脉冲激光经所述光纤起偏器后形成所述线偏振脉冲激光。显然，所述超短脉冲激光光源装置20只要能形成所述线偏振脉冲激光即可。Preferably, the ultrashort pulse laser source device 20 is a linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser, which directly emits the linearly polarized pulsed laser. Of course, it is not limited thereto. In another preferred mode of the present invention, the ultrashort pulse laser source device 20 includes a nonlinearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser and a fiber polarizer, and the output of the nonlinearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser The linearly polarized pulsed laser is formed after the non-linearly polarized pulsed laser passes through the optical fiber polarizer. Obviously, the ultrashort pulse laser light source device 20 only needs to be able to form the linearly polarized pulsed laser light.
如下，按照本发明提供的所述保偏光纤拍长测量方法，利用保偏光纤拍长测量系统100搭建光路对某公司的待测保偏光纤拍长进行实际测量。As follows, according to the polarization-maintaining fiber beat length measurement method provided by the present invention, the polarization-maintaining fiber beat-length measurement system 100 is used to build an optical path to actually measure the beat length of a company's polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested.
请一并参阅图3，具体测量步骤如下：Please also refer to Figure 3. The specific measurement steps are as follows:
超短脉冲激光光源装置20为线偏振超短脉冲激光器，以作为直接出射线偏振脉冲激光的光源；取长度110米的待测保偏光纤，将待测保偏光纤的输入端以光轴夹角为45°左右与光源保偏光纤尾纤直接熔接，使得待测保偏光纤的两个光轴(即快轴和慢轴)分得相等的光源光脉冲能量；用切割刀将待测保偏光纤的输出端切平；用准直透镜30将经待测保偏光纤传输之后的线偏振脉冲激光光束准直；将准直后的线偏振脉冲激光光束输入自相关仪40进行脉冲测量；自相关仪40显示测量得到的两个具有一定时间间隔并且脉冲宽度相等的双脉冲，如图2所示。Ultrashort pulse laser light source device 20 is a linearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser, as a light source for directly emitting linearly polarized pulsed laser; take a polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested with a length of 110 meters, and clamp the input end of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested with the optical axis The angle is about 45° and it is directly fused with the tail fiber of the polarization-maintaining fiber of the light source, so that the two optical axes (ie, the fast axis and the slow axis) of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested are divided into equal light pulse energy of the light source; The output end of the polarized fiber is cut flat; the linearly polarized pulsed laser beam after being transmitted through the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested is collimated with a collimating lens 30; the collimated linearly polarized pulsed laser beam is input into an autocorrelator 40 for pulse measurement; The autocorrelator 40 displays two measured double pulses with a certain time interval and equal pulse width, as shown in FIG. 2 .
图2两个脉冲之间的时间间隔即待测保偏光纤的两个光轴之间的脉冲延时差Δτ；本次测量通过自相关仪40读出脉冲延时差Δτ为166ps，代入(3)式，即可计算出波长1310nm的激光所对应的拍长LB为2.89mm，结果与该公司给出的拍长值≤3mm@1310nm相符。The time interval between the two pulses of Fig. 2 is the pulse delay difference Δτ between the two optical axes of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested; this measurement reads out the pulse delay difference Δτ by the autocorrelator 40 as 166ps, and substitutes ( 3) formula, it can be calculated that the beat length L B corresponding to the laser with a wavelength of 1310nm is 2.89mm, and the result is consistent with the beat length value ≤ 3mm@1310nm given by the company.
请参阅图4，本发明第三实施例提供一种保偏光纤拍长测量方法，其包括如下步骤：Referring to Fig. 4, the third embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring the beat length of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, which includes the following steps:
S201、将光纤起偏器的一个端口作为输入端与光源保偏光纤尾纤直接熔接，另一个端口作为输出端与待测保偏光纤的输入端直接熔接，所述待测保偏光纤的输出端切平后和准直透镜相对。S201. Use one port of the optical fiber polarizer as the input end to directly weld the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source, and use the other port as the output end to directly weld the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested. The output of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested After the end is cut flat, it is opposite to the collimating lens.
可以理解的是，所述光源保偏光纤尾纤通过光纤起偏器与所述待测保偏光纤间接连接。It can be understood that the polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail of the light source is indirectly connected to the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested through a fiber polarizer.
S203、使非线偏振脉冲激光进入所述光源保偏光纤后通过所述光纤起偏器转化成线偏振脉冲激光，从所述待测保偏光纤的输出端出射，并经所述准直透镜准直输入至自相关仪。S203. Make the non-linearly polarized pulsed laser light enter the polarization-maintaining fiber of the light source and convert it into a linearly polarized pulsed laser through the fiber polarizer, exit from the output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and pass through the collimating lens Collimated input to autocorrelator.
本实施例中，非线偏振脉冲激光由非线偏振超短脉冲激光器直接出射。In this embodiment, the nonlinearly polarized pulsed laser is directly emitted from the nonlinearly polarized ultrashort pulse laser.
S205、利用所述自相关仪测量获得所述线偏振脉冲激光的脉冲延时差Δτ，并代入函数即可得出所述待测保偏光纤的拍长LB，其中，λ为线偏振脉冲激光的光波波长，L为所述待测保偏光纤的长度，c为真空中光速。S205. Using the autocorrelator to measure and obtain the pulse delay difference Δτ of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, and substitute it into a function The beat length L B of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested can be obtained, where λ is the light wavelength of the linearly polarized pulsed laser, L is the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber to be tested, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
可以理解的是，本实施例中的步骤S205和本发明第一实施例中的步骤S105相同，此处不再赘述。It can be understood that step S205 in this embodiment is the same as step S105 in the first embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
相较于现有技术，本发明提供的保偏光纤拍长测量方法只需对待测保偏光纤的输入端和光源保偏光纤尾纤进行一次熔接即可，操作过程简单、快捷，能够精确快速地测量待测保偏光纤的拍长。经测试验证，所述保偏光纤拍长测量方法的测量精度可达到1％以上，测量待测保偏光纤的长度范围大(几十厘米到几公里)，同时无接触测量对待测保偏光纤无损伤，可直接对整卷光纤进行测量而无需重新绕纤。此外，本发明提供的保偏光纤拍长测量系统中，超短脉冲激光光源装置在市场上较易获得，且价格便宜，自相关仪也是成熟的实验室常见仪器，采购方便，因此所述保偏光纤拍长测量系统相对较为简单且便宜。Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the beat length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber provided by the present invention only needs one fusion splicing between the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured and the pigtail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the light source. Measure the beat length of the polarization-maintaining fiber under test accurately. It has been verified by tests that the measurement accuracy of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber shot length measurement method can reach more than 1%, and the length range of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be measured is large (tens of centimeters to several kilometers), and at the same time, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to be tested can be measured without contact No damage, the whole coil of fiber can be measured directly without rewinding the fiber. In addition, in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beat length measurement system provided by the present invention, the ultra-short pulse laser light source device is relatively easy to obtain in the market, and the price is cheap. Polarized fiber beat length measurement systems are relatively simple and inexpensive.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.
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