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CN106164419A - ORC system electromotor close down after stress management - Google Patents

ORC system electromotor close down after stress management Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106164419A
CN106164419A CN201580013714.9A CN201580013714A CN106164419A CN 106164419 A CN106164419 A CN 106164419A CN 201580013714 A CN201580013714 A CN 201580013714A CN 106164419 A CN106164419 A CN 106164419A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
rankine cycle
working fluid
pressure
accumulator
cycle circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201580013714.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
B·K·小怀特
M·J·福尔蒂尼
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Corp
Original Assignee
Eaton Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Corp filed Critical Eaton Corp
Publication of CN106164419A publication Critical patent/CN106164419A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/14—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/24—Layout, e.g. schematics with two or more coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Rankine cycle system including Rankine cycle circuit, in described Rankine cycle circuit, working fluid cycles through condensing zone, the thermal treatment zone and mechanical energy and extracts district.This system also includes hydraulic accumulator, this hydraulic accumulator stores the working fluid of the pressurization from Rankine cycle circuit when the pressure of the working fluid in Rankine cycle circuit is higher than the first stress level, and when the working fluid in Rankine cycle circuit is less than the second stress level, the working fluid of pressurization is discharged into Rankine cycle circuit.

Description

ORC system electromotor close down after stress management
Related application
The application submits to as PCT International Patent Application on March 13rd, 2015 and requires to submit on March 14th, 2014 US application serial No. No.61/953, the priority of 369, the full content of this U. S. application is incorporated to this by way of reference Literary composition.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system for reclaiming used heat.More particularly it relates to organic rankine cycle system.
Background technology
Rankine cycle or organic Rankine bottoming cycle (ORC) are the power generation cycles that heat energy is transformed to mechanical power.Rankine follows Ring is generally used in Thermal Motor, and by making operation material complete to lower temperature state from higher temperature state State conversion.Classical Rankine cycle is the elementary heat mechanical process of operation based on steam engine.
Rankine cycle generally uses single subsystem, such as condenser, fluid pump, such as ebullator (boiler, boiler) Heat exchanger and decompressor formula turbine.Described pump be frequently utilized for pressurizeing from condenser receive as liquid rather than The working fluid of gas.From the pressure fluid of pump at heat exchanger heated and be used for driving decompressor formula turbine so that Heat energy is transformed into mechanical power.After leaving decompressor formula turbine, working fluid returns condenser, steaming of any residual at this Air cooling is coagulated.Hereafter, the working fluid of condensation returns pump and repeats this circulation.
One modification of classical Rankine cycle is organic Rankine bottoming cycle (ORC), its name be due to use have than water- The liquid occurred at a temperature of vapour phase change is low-vapour phase becomes or the organic polymer amount fluid of boiling point.So, as classical Rankine Water in circulation and the replacement of steam, the working fluid in ORC can be solvent, such as pentane (n-pentane) or first Benzene.ORC working fluid allows the Rankine cycle heat of such as biomass combustion, industrial waste heat, underground heat, solar pond etc. from lower temperature source Reclaim.Then Low Temperature Thermal can be converted into useful work, and this useful work can be converted into electric power then.
Wish to research and develop further these Rankine cycle systems.
Summary of the invention
When airtight Rankine cycle system reaches low temperature (such as, close down and after merceration in system), working fluid can Condensation, the most undesirably to system evacuation.This vacuum can be formed leakage probability and can cause too early sealing and Assembling was lost efficacy.Even if various aspects of the invention relate to the most also to maintain the malleation in Rankine cycle system Method and structure.In one example, use working fluid accumulator to carry out anti-locking system and experience vacuum state at low temperatures.One In individual example, Rankine cycle system is from by (such as, spark-ignition gasoline engine, the compression of prime mover such as explosive motor Ignition type Diesel engine, hydrogen explosive motor etc.) or fuel cell produce used heat produce mechanical power organic Rankine bottoming cycle System.In some examples, prime mover is used for driving vehicle, and Rankine cycle system converts waste heat to be used for improve former The running efficiency of motivation or the mechanical energy of other movable parts offer power for vehicle.
In one example, a kind of Rankine cycle relevant to the power set being in state of closing down for management is disclosed The method of the working fluid pressure state in system.One step of the method can include providing and Rankine cycle system selectivity The accumulator of ground fluid communication, and another step can include providing for by accumulator and Rankine cycle system working fluid every From control valve.Other step can include being in operating condition at power set by control valve being placed under open mode Time the working fluid of pressurization is stored in accumulator, and by closing control valve by accumulator and Rankine cycle system every From.One step of the method may be included in prime mover and is in when closing down state and opens control when reaching minimum critical condition Valve processed, to make accumulator and Rankine cycle system be in fluid communication by opening control valve, thus reduces or anti-to greatest extent Only Rankine cycle circuit forms vacuum pressure condition.The example of minimum critical condition is temperature working fluid and environmental chamber exogenous QI Temperature.Various other aspect be will be set forth in the de-scription which follows.These aspects can relate to the combination of single feature and feature.Should Understanding, being generally described with detailed description below above is exemplary and explanat, and not to reality disclosed herein Execute the broad concept that example is based on to be any limitation as.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of the system of the principle according to the present invention, and described system uses for producing useful work Rankine cycle also has the feature as the example in terms of creative；
Fig. 2 is the chart of the Rankine cycle illustrating the system employing shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view being suitable for extracting the roots-type decompressor of mechanical power from the system of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of the roots-type decompressor of Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the timing gears of the roots-type decompressor illustrating Fig. 3；And
Fig. 6 schematically shows the vehicle of the Rankine cycle system including the principle according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention relates in general to the heat utilizing self-heat power (such as, have to the Rankine cycle system 100 producing useful work Machine Rankine cycle system).In one example, thermal source is that (such as, fuel cell, explosive motor are such as from such as prime mover Diesel engine or spark ignition engine etc.) the used heat of equipment.In one example, such as rotary expansion engine is used Machinery extracts mechanical energy from Rankine cycle system.In one example, Rankine cycle system includes that the Rankine closed follows Loop back path, it is airtight to prevent working fluid from leaving this loop and preventing external contaminants from polluting working fluid or with other Mode mixes with working fluid.In some examples, when Rankine cycle system is closed down, the temperature reduced in loop may result in work Make fluid condensation and to system evacuation.
Rankine cycle operation can be relevant to the operation of prime mover so that closing down of prime mover causes the corresponding of ORC system 100 Close down.In the case of prime mover is explosive motor, the temperature working fluid of ORC system 100 can reach to connect during operation Nearly 300 DEG C, and the ambient air temperature of engine environment can be dropped to when electromotor is closed down.Therefore, in cold climates when starting When machine is closed down, temperature working fluid can reach-40 DEG C and less.It is true that operating condition and the big temperature difference closed down between state cause Sky can apply the biggest power and can form leakage, pollute and the probability of too early seal fails system sealing part.
In order to manage and eliminate the vacuum formed during system is closed down, Rankine cycle system can include being configured to specific During state (such as, period of closing down, under a predetermined, at a predetermined temperature and/or a combination thereof etc.) release storage work Fluid/pressure is to produce the pressurization accumulator of the probability of negative pressure in elimination system.Suitable for for ORC system 100 The accumulator of type has diaphragm type accumulator, piston accumulator, bag type paste accumulator and does not have the pot type storage of internal barrier Depressor.
In some examples, control valve can be used for optionally being separated with Rankine cycle circuit/isolating by accumulator.When bright When agreeing blood circulation normal operation, control valve can be opened to allow accumulator pressurized.In one example, accumulator can be located at It is used for the high-pressure side of hydraulic pump making working fluid be moved through loop.Once accumulator the most fully pressurize (by sensor 164 or Another temperature sensor measurement relevant to accumulator 120), control valve can be turned off stopping accumulator and Rankine cycle circuit Between fluid communication.At temperature fall and major loop in pressure decline specific operating condition during (such as, stop in system Close period), control valve can be opened to allow from malleation in maintaining loop of the pressure/working fluid of accumulator.? In some example, this system can include the various temperature sensors of the state of the various positions in measuring loop (such as Thermocouple) and pressure transducer, and with sensor, control valve, pump or the controller of other component interfaces intrasystem.
Fig. 1 shows the organic rankine cycle system 100 of the principle according to the present invention.Organic rankine cycle system 100 structure The heat energy causing self-heat power such as electromotor 116 in the future is converted to mechanical energy.Organic rankine cycle system 100 is configured by closed loop Organic Rankine bottoming cycle cycles repeatedly through working fluid (such as, such as ethanol, pentane, the solvent of toluene or other solvents).Such as Fig. 1 Shown in, organic rankine cycle system 100 includes that the Rankine with condensing zone 104, the thermal treatment zone 106 and mechanical energy extraction district 108 follows Loop back path 102.Hydraulic pump 110 is used for making working fluid be moved through Rankine cycle circuit 102.Pump 110 includes and condensing zone 104 The low-pressure side 112 being in fluid communication and the high-pressure side 114 being in fluid communication with the thermal treatment zone 106.Mechanical energy is extracted district 108 and is had and heating District 106 fluid communication entrance side 117 and with condensing zone 104 fluid communication outlet side 118.Organic rankine cycle system 100 Also include the working fluid accumulator 120 of malleation in maintaining Rankine cycle circuit 102.Flow line 122 is provided for Working fluid accumulator 120 is made to be in fluid communication with the high-pressure side 114 of pump 110.Control valve 124 can be provided for optionally opening and closing Flow line 122.Control valve 124 can integrated with the assembly including accumulator 120 maybe can be provided separately and via pipeline (such as Pipeline 122) it is connected with accumulator 124.
During the normal operation of organic rankine cycle system 100, control valve 124 can be opened, and thus allows The working fluid of the pressurization from the high-pressure side 114 of pump 110 in flow line 122 flows into working fluid accumulator 120 with use The working fluid of pressurization fills (supercharging, charge) to working fluid accumulator 120.When to working fluid accumulator 120 supercharging Time, control valve 124 can be turned off to close flow line 122 and cut off the stream between accumulator 120 and Rankine cycle circuit 102 Body connects.As term used herein, accumulator 120 at least has at accumulator and be enough to maintain loop 102 in period of closing down In the working fluid of malleation time " supercharging completes ".(example during low temperature in Rankine cycle circuit 102 and/or low-pressure state As, the system at the end of the operation of pump 110 is closed down period), control valve 124 can be opened so that working fluid accumulator 120 are in fluid communication with Rankine cycle circuit 102.Working fluid from the pressurization of working fluid accumulator 120 can be used for maintaining Malleation in Rankine cycle circuit 102 or reduce the vacuum pressure in Rankine cycle circuit 102 to greatest extent.
Electromotor 116 is shown as having inlet manifold 126 and the Diesel engine of exhaust manifold 128 in FIG.Turbine Supercharger 130 is for raising the pressure of the air inlet being supplied to inlet manifold 126.Turbocharger 130 is by leaving exhaust manifold 128 Exhaust stream power and include the first turbine 132 within an exhaust-gas stream and the air inlet being supplied to inlet manifold 126 added is provided Second turbine 134 of pressure.First and second turbines 132,134 are linked together so that being carried by the first turbine 132 by axle 136 The torque warp beam 136 of confession is delivered to the second turbine 134.Charge air cooler (charger-air cooler, charge air cooler) 138 cooling provides Air inlet to inlet manifold 126.Aerofluxus (waste gas) recirculation is also supplied to inlet manifold 126.Such as, exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline The aerofluxus of the exhaust side from electromotor 116 is directed to exhaust gas recirculatioon blender 143 by 140, and the aerofluxus at this recirculation exists Mix with the air inlet from charge air cooler 138 before being directed in inlet manifold 126.
In the example shown, Rankine cycle system 100 be configured by draw used heat from exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline 140 and Recapture is from the wasted energy of electromotor 116.So, organic rankine cycle system 100 is from flowing through exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline 140 Aerofluxus is absorbed heat, and thus cools down by exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline 140 recirculation before aerofluxus arrives exhaust gas recirculatioon blender 143 Aerofluxus.In other examples, used heat can obtain from other positions (such as, primary exhaust conduit) and be used for driving Rankine cycle system System 100.
As it is shown in figure 1, the thermal treatment zone 106 of organic rankine cycle system 100 includes for inhaling from exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline 140 Heat is thus to cool down at least one heat exchanger of the aerofluxus of recirculation.As specifically shown in Fig. 1, the thermal treatment zone 106 includes first Level heat exchanger 150 and second level heat exchanger 152.Heat exchanger 150,152 working fluid by the thermal treatment zone 106 time by heat The working fluid of Rankine cycle circuit 102, thus heating vaporized working fluid it is delivered to from exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline 140.? In some example, working fluid is overheated.In other examples, working fluid is not overheated.
Should be understood that electromotor 116 to can be used for as vehicle 300 provides power (seeing Fig. 6).Vehicle 300 can include for inciting somebody to action Torque is delivered to torque transmitter 302 (such as, the transmission of one or more axletrees 304 of vehicle 300 from engine crankshaft System, drive shaft, variator, differential mechanism etc.).Axletree can couple with wheel, crawler belt or other structures being suitable for contacting with ground.? In these examples, organic rankine cycle system 100 and electromotor 116 are held by vehicle chassis/framework 306 (schematically showing) Carry.In other example, other kinds of prime mover, such as fuel cell or spark ignition engine can be used.With upper Stating electromotor 116 similar, fuel cell or spark ignition engine can be used for providing power and according to the present invention for vehicle The organic rankine cycle system of principle can be merged in as a part for vehicle.
Mechanical energy extraction/retracting device
As it has been described above, the organic rankine cycle system 100 of Fig. 1 includes that mechanical energy extracts district 108, this mechanical energy extracts district 108 include at least one machinery (such as, the reactionary style turbine that can export the mechanical energy from Rankine cycle circuit 102 Machine, piston-mode motor, scroll expansion machine, screw type expansion machine, roots-type decompressor etc.).In some examples, machinery dress Put and depend on the kinetic energy of working fluid, temperature/heat and pressure to make output shaft 119 rotate (seeing Fig. 1).Machinery by with In the case of the expansion such as with Rankine cycle is applied, from working fluid, extract energy via fluid expansion.At these In the case of, this machinery is referred to alternatively as decompressor or expansion gear.However, it should be understood that this machinery is not limited to Working fluid is in the application of this cross-device expansion.In some examples, this machinery includes by the working fluid of Rankine cycle Rotate the one or more rotation elements (such as, turbine, blade, rotor etc.) rotated with the output shaft of drive mechanism.? In some example, output shaft can couple with the alternating current generator being used for producing electric power, and this electric power can be used for providing for movable part Power or to be suitable for on-demand offer electric power battery charge.In other examples, output shaft can be used for producing hydraulic pressure Hydraulic pump couple, this hydraulic pressure is for providing power for activity hydraulic component, or for being suitable for on-demand offer hydraulic pressure Hydraulic accumulator (the such as accumulator 120) supercharging of pressure.In other examples, output shaft can be with other movable part machinery Ground couple (such as, by gear, band, chain or other structures), or again with as the waste heat source for Rankine cycle system Prime mover couples.
In one example, for including expanding referred to herein as roots-type at the machinery in mechanical energy extraction district 108 The roots-type rotary apparatus of machine, this is because the pressure of the entrance side of this device is more than the pressure of the outlet side of this device.Entrance And the pressure drop between Chu Kou drives the rotation in this device.Usually, in addition to the decompression relevant with fluid leakage and device poor efficiency, Do not expand/reduce pressure in this device self, but occur when working fluid leaves this device in exit.This device can It is referred to as positive displacement arrangements (volumetric device), this is because this device is for each rotation of the rotor in this device There is fixed displacement.
Fig. 3-5 shows the roots-type decompressor 200 in the mechanical energy extraction district 108 being suitable for use in Rankine cycle system 100. Decompressor 200 includes having entrance 204 and the housing 202 of outlet 206.In use, entrance 204 and Rankine cycle system 100 The thermal treatment zone 106 be in fluid communication, and outlet 206 is in fluid communication with the condensing zone 104 of Rankine cycle system 100.
Decompressor housing 202 limits the inner chamber 208 providing the fluid communication between entrance 204 and outlet 206.Inner chamber 208 by utilizing columnar endoporus to limit, the first and second parallel rotor endoporus 210 that face 222 limits form (seeing Fig. 4). Decompressor 200 also includes the first and second rotors 212 being separately mounted in the first and second rotor inner holes 210.Each rotor 212 Including the multiple blades 214 being arranged on axle 216.Axle 216 is parallel to each other and passes through bearing 217 relative to decompressor housing 202 It is rotatably mounted (seeing Fig. 3).Axle 216 rotates freely relative to housing 202 around parallel rotation axis 213.First and The blade 214 of two rotors 212 intermeshes (intermesh)/interlocks.Intermeshing timing gears 218 (seeing Fig. 5) are arranged To make the rotation of the first and second rotors 212 synchronize on axle 216 so that the blade 214 of the first and second rotors 212 makes Do not contact with each other in.In some examples, blade 214 can reverse or configure spirally along the length of axle 216.Rotor 212 limits Make the fluid transfer volume 219 between blade 214.Blade 214 may be included in rotor 212 and revolves around the axis 213 of each of which When turning, the endoporus of close proximity 202 limits the outer end 220 that face 222 is passed through.In certain embodiments, outer end 220 is not with interior Restriction face, hole 222 contacts.
In the use of decompressor 200, from working fluid (such as, the working fluid or biphase of gasification of the thermal treatment zone 106 Working fluid) enter decompressor housing 202 through entrance 204.When by entrance 204, the working fluid of gasification enters at rotor In one of fluid transfer volume 219 limited between the blade 214 of one of 212.The pressure differential of decompressor 200 both sides causes work Make rotor 212 rotate about axis 213 as fluid to rotate so that comprise gasification working fluid fluid transfer volume 219 from Entrance 204 limits face 222 to outlet 206 around endoporus and circumferentially moves.When rotor 212 is rotated by working fluid, mechanical energy It is passed out (see Fig. 3) through the output shaft 119 coaxial with one of axle 216 from decompressor 200 from decompressor 200.
Should be understood that from entrance 204 working fluid inner chamber 208 middle section CR enter housing 202 inner chamber 208 (seeing arrow 228), middle section CR is between the parallel plane P comprising axis 213 and at the entrance of decompressor housing 202 (seeing Fig. 4) is extended between side and outlet side.From entrance 204 working fluid middle section CR enter rotor 212 stream Body transfer volume 219, and cause rotor 212 to rotate in opposite direction around the axis 213 of each of which.Rotor 212 is around them Respective axis 213 rotates so that comprise the fluid transfer volume 219 of working fluid as indicated by the arrow 230 along the phase of housing 202 Answer week inward hole to limit face 222 and move to exterior lateral area OR (that is, the district outside plane P of inner chamber 208 away from middle section CR Territory).Rotor 212 continues around the axis 213 of each of which and rotates, and thus makes fluid transfer volume 219 as indicated by the arrows 232 from outward Side region OR moves back to and exports 206 adjacent middle section CR.Working fluid such as arrow 234 from fluid transfer volume Shown in 206 leave decompressor housing 202 through outlet.
Rankine cycle operates
Fig. 2 shows the chart describing to can be applicable to the typical Rankine cycle of system 100 described with reference to Figure 1.This figure Table depicts the different phase of Rankine cycle, and it illustrates the Celsius temperature (marking and drawing with Celsius temperature) indicated relative to entropy " S ", its In, entropy is defined as energy (in terms of Kilojoule) divided by kelvin degree and again divided by kilogram-mass (kilogram of mass) (kJ/kg*K).Rankine cycle shown in Fig. 2 is in particular the organic Rankine bottoming cycle (ORC) of closed loop, and it can use organic high score Son amount working fluid, this working fluid has the liquid-vapour occurred at a temperature of lower than the water of classical Rankine cycle-gas phase change Phase transformation or boiling point.Therefore, within system 100, working fluid can be solvent, such as ethanol, pentane or toluene.
In the graphs in figure 2, term " Q " represents the hot-fluid flowing in or out system 100, and generally with time per unit Energy represent.Term " W " expression system 100 consumes or is supplied to the mechanical output of system 100, and during generally with per unit Between energy represent.As from Fig. 2 additionally, ORC exists four different processes or stage 142-1,142-2,142-3 and 142-4.During stage 142-1, the working fluid of moist steam form enters into and through condensing zone 104, wherein working fluid 24 are condensed to become saturated liquid at a constant temperature.After stage 142-1, working fluid during stage 142-2 by Pump 110 delivers to high pressure from low-lift pump.During stage 142-2, working fluid 24 is in liquid condition.
During stage 142-3, the working fluid of pressurization enters into and through first order heat exchanger 150, works in this place Fluid is heated to become two-phase fluid (that is, liquid is together with steam) by external heat source under a constant.Two-phase fluid enters And by second level heat exchanger 152, working fluid is further heated and gasifies in this place.During stage 142-4, completely The fluid of gasification or the working fluid of two-phase fluid form extract district 108 by mechanical energy, thus produce useful work or power.Work Make fluid and can extract the exit expansion in district 108 in mechanical energy, thus reduce the temperature and pressure of working fluid so that can occur The condensation that some of working fluid are extra.After stage 142-4, working fluid returns condensing zone 104, completes in this dot cycle And circulate and generally will restart at stage 142-1.
Accumulator-comprehensive
Accumulator 120 (that is, pressure reservoir device) is suitable for the potential energy storing the working fluid form of pressurization with when needs For follow-up use when meeting the pressure demand of system.In one example, accumulator 120 is to include that hydraulic pressure stores storage The hydraulic accumulator of device/container.This storage reservoir is suitable for accommodating incompressible hydraulic fluid (such as, the working fluid of condensation) And store, including maintenance, external pressure source (such as, spring, the weight of rising or the compression that the hydraulic fluid in reservoir is pressurized Gas).It is said that in general, accumulator 120 can use the high pressure from pump 110 when system 100 operates in normal operation The working fluid supercharging of the pressurization of side.Subsequently, accumulator 120 may be configured to on-demand by pressurization working fluid part or all Storage is discharged into Rankine cycle circuit 102 to be maintained on predeterminated level by the pressure in loop 102.In one example, When disabling Rankine cycle circuit 102 by pump 100 of closing down, the working fluid of pressurization can be discharged.
Referring again to Fig. 1, the flow line 122 position between fluid pump 110 and first order heat exchanger 150 is by pressure accumulation Device 120 is connected with closed loop hydraulic circuit 102.Controller 160 can be used for actuation control valve between an open position and a closed 124.In various schemes, system 100 may also include the one or more pressure transducers 162 with controller 160 interface and/or Temperature sensor 164.Pressure transducer 162 and temperature sensor 164 can be adapted to provide in the loop 102 with Rankine cycle The corresponding signal of the pressure and temperature of each position, thus allow controller 160 to monitor returning of Rankine cycle system 100 Pressure and temperature in road 102.In one example, sensor 162,164 is positioned to characterize at the entrance 204 of decompressor 108 The state of working fluid, and in another example, sensor 162,164 is positioned to sense the loop at flow line 122 State in 102.
Pressure transducer 163 and/or temperature sensor 164 can be additionally used in permission controller 160 and monitor in accumulator 120 Pressure and temperature.During the system 100 operating under pump 110 running status, controller 160 can be continuously in monitoring circuit 102 Pressure and accumulator 120 in pressure.The pressure in loop 102 at flow line 122 is higher than predetermined circuit pressure Less than predetermined accumulator pressure level, (this predetermined accumulator pressure level is less than institute to pressure in level and accumulator 120 State predetermined circuit pressure level) in the case of, controller 160 can open valve 124, thus allows accumulator 120 by from returning Pressure/the fluid pressurized of road 102/ pump 110.This situation generally electromotor 116 be currently running and system 100 pump 110 Occur during operating, so that Rankine cycle system can capture the used heat from electromotor 116 the most again.Once accumulator 120 Reaching may correspond to the boost pressure level of predetermined circuit pressure level, controller 160 just can close valve closing 124.
When electromotor 116 is closed down, used heat is no longer available for driving Rankine cycle system.In this case, controller 160 Can detect that electromotor 116 has been closed down and can terminate the operating of pump 110.Lack the working fluid in used heat causes loop 102 Cooling.Along with the working fluid in loop 102 cools down, controller 160 can temperature in monitoring circuit 102 and/or pressure.In pressure Power is close in the case of pressure-reduction level compared with atmospheric pressure, and controller 160 can open valve 124 with by the stream from accumulator 120 Body and pressure are directed to loop 102, form vacuum state in reducing the most to greatest extent or preventing loop 102.Real at some Executing in example, in a case where, controller 160 can open valve 124: the sensing temperature of working fluid drops to predetermined set point Under；The sensing pressure of working fluid drops under predetermined set point；The sensing temperature of ambient temperature drops to predetermined Under set point；And/or working fluid state drops under the set point depending on temperature working fluid and pressure.
According to discussed in detail above, it is apparent that can make amendment and modification without deviating from the present invention spirit and Scope.

Claims (24)

1. after the electromotor for Rankine cycle system is closed down, manage a system, including:
Power set；
Rankine cycle circuit, in described Rankine cycle circuit, working fluid cycles through condensing zone, the thermal treatment zone and mechanical energy Extracting district, described Rankine cycle circuit is configured to the used heat that capture is produced by described prime mover；
Hydraulic accumulator, described hydraulic accumulator is higher than first for the pressure of the working fluid in described Rankine cycle circuit The working fluid of the pressurization from described Rankine cycle circuit is stored during predetermined condition, and for closing down also at described power set And the working fluid in described Rankine cycle circuit less than the second predetermined condition time the working fluid of pressurization is discharged into described bright It agree closed circuit to reduce to greatest extent or to prevent from described Rankine cycle circuit is formed vacuum pressure condition.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 1 manages system, wherein, described first after closing down Predetermined condition is the first working fluid pressure, and described second predetermined condition is less than the second work of the first working fluid pressure Fluid pressure.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 1 manages system after closing down, and also includes for making Working fluid is moved through the hydraulic pump of described Rankine cycle circuit, and described hydraulic pump has and is in fluid communication with described condensing zone Low-pressure side and the high-pressure side being in fluid communication with the described thermal treatment zone.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 3 manages system, wherein, described Rankine after closing down Closed circuit is organic Rankine bottoming cycle loop.
Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 3, also includes: in the high-pressure side of described hydraulic pump and the described thermal treatment zone Between position flow line that described hydraulic accumulator is fluidly connected with described Rankine cycle circuit.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 5 manages system after closing down, and also includes along described The flow control valve of flow line location, for described in optionally opening and closing between hydraulic accumulator and described Rankine cycle circuit Fluid communication.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 6 manages system, wherein, described hydraulic pressure after closing down Accumulator uses the working fluid supercharging of the on high-tension side pressurization from described hydraulic pump.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 1 manages system, wherein, working fluid after closing down In the described thermal treatment zone by the waste heat from prime mover.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 8 manages system after closing down, wherein, described former dynamic Machine is selected from the group comprising explosive motor and fuel cell.
Electromotor for Rankine cycle system the most according to claim 8 manages system after closing down, wherein, described former Motivation is Diesel engine and wherein captures used heat again from the exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline of described Diesel engine.
11. electromotors for Rankine cycle system according to claim 1 manage system, wherein, described machine after closing down Tool extracts district and includes fixed displacement decompressor.
12. 1 kinds of electromotors for Rankine cycle system manage system after closing down, including:
Organic working fluids；
For condensing the condenser of described organic working fluids；
For heating the heat exchanger of described organic working fluids；
For extracting the fixed displacement mechanical expanding device of energy from described organic working fluids；Described mechanical expanding device includes Each there are the first and second staggered rotors of the multiple blades being mounted on an axle；Described mechanical expanding device includes mutually The timing gears of engagement, described timing gears are coordinated the rotation of described rotor and prevent the described first and second staggered rotors Blade contacts with each other；Described mechanical expanding device includes that housing, described housing have entrance, export and provide described entrance and institute State the interior zone of fluid communication between outlet；Described interior zone includes that described first and second rotors are the most fixed First and second rotor inner holes of position, described first and second rotors limit working fluid around described between described blade Endoporus circumferentially transfers to the fluid transfer volume of described outlet, and at least one axis limit in described axle from described entrance Go out output shaft；
Pump, described pump organic with the condensation that will receive from described condenser between described condenser and described heat exchanger Working fluid is pumped into described heat exchanger, and wherein the organic working fluids after heating flows to described machinery from described heat exchanger The entrance of expansion gear, and the working fluid wherein expanded flows to described condenser from the outlet of described mechanical expanding device； With
Electromotor manages system after closing down, and described electromotor manages system and includes reducing to greatest extent or prevent described after closing down The pressure of organic working fluids drops to the hydraulic accumulator under predetermined stress level in system cooling period.
13. electromotors for Rankine cycle system according to claim 12 manage system, wherein, described storage after closing down Depressor prevents from forming vacuum pressure condition.
14. electromotors for Rankine cycle system according to claim 12 manage system, wherein, described after closing down Motivation manages system after closing down and also includes flow control valve, follows with described Rankine for hydraulic accumulator described in optionally opening and closing Fluid communication between the Rankine cycle circuit of loop systems.
15. electromotors for Rankine cycle system according to claim 12 manage system, wherein, described liquid after closing down Pressure accumulator uses the working fluid supercharging of the on high-tension side pressurization from described hydraulic pump.
16. 1 kinds of vehicles, including:
Chassis；
By the carrying of described chassis for the prime mover providing power for described vehicle；
The Rankine cycle circuit carried by described chassis, in described Rankine cycle circuit working fluid cycle through condensing zone, The thermal treatment zone and mechanical energy extract district, and described Rankine cycle circuit is configured to the used heat that capture is produced by described prime mover；
Electromotor manages system after closing down, and described electromotor manages system after closing down and includes hydraulic accumulator, described hydraulic pressure pressure accumulation Device is stored higher than during the first stress level with the pressure of the working fluid in described Rankine cycle circuit by the carrying of described chassis From the working fluid of the pressurization of described Rankine cycle circuit, and it is less than for the working fluid in described Rankine cycle circuit During the second stress level, the working fluid of pressurization is discharged into described Rankine cycle circuit.
17. vehicles according to claim 16, wherein, described accumulator reduces to greatest extent or prevents at described Rankine Vacuum pressure condition is formed in closed circuit.
18. vehicles according to claim 1, also include for making working fluid be moved through described Rankine cycle circuit Hydraulic pump, described hydraulic pump has the low-pressure side being in fluid communication with described condensing zone and the high pressure being in fluid communication with the described thermal treatment zone Side, and wherein said Rankine cycle circuit is organic Rankine bottoming cycle loop.
19. vehicles according to claim 18, also include: between the high-pressure side of described hydraulic pump and the described thermal treatment zone The flow line that described hydraulic accumulator is fluidly connected by position with described Rankine cycle circuit.
20. vehicles according to claim 19, also include the flow control valve positioned along described flow line, are used for selecting Property ground opening and closing described in fluid communication between hydraulic accumulator and described Rankine cycle circuit.
21. vehicles according to claim 16, wherein, described prime mover is Diesel engine, and wherein from described bavin The exhaust gas recirculatioon pipeline of oil turbine captures used heat again.
22. 1 kinds of working fluid pressures in the Rankine cycle system that management is relevant to the power set being in state of closing down The method of state, described method includes:
Accumulator with described Rankine cycle system selective fluid communication is provided；
There is provided control valve to be isolated with described Rankine cycle system working fluid by described accumulator；
By described control valve being placed under open mode the work will pressurizeed when described power set are in operating condition Fluid storage is in described accumulator；
By closing described control valve, described accumulator is isolated with described Rankine cycle system；
Described control valve is opened with by beating when described prime mover is in and closes down state and when reaching minimum critical condition Open described control valve to make described accumulator and described Rankine cycle system be in fluid communication, thus reduce to greatest extent or prevent Rankine cycle circuit is formed vacuum pressure condition.
The method of the 23. working fluid pressure states for managing in Rankine cycle system according to claim 22, its In, described minimum critical condition is the pressure of described ORC working fluid.
The method of the 24. working fluid pressure states for managing in Rankine cycle system according to claim 22, its In, described minimum critical condition is ambient air temperature.
CN201580013714.9A 2014-03-14 2015-03-13 ORC system electromotor close down after stress management Pending CN106164419A (en)

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