CN106362867A - Separation device for resin and glass fibres in non-metal powders of waste circuit board - Google Patents
Separation device for resin and glass fibres in non-metal powders of waste circuit board Download PDFInfo
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- CN106362867A CN106362867A CN201610754681.XA CN201610754681A CN106362867A CN 106362867 A CN106362867 A CN 106362867A CN 201610754681 A CN201610754681 A CN 201610754681A CN 106362867 A CN106362867 A CN 106362867A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/003—Pretreatment of the solids prior to electrostatic separation
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置,包括一级进料装置、电晕‑静电分选装置、二级进料装置、荷电衰减装置、静电吸附装置;一级进料装置确保废旧电路板中非金属粉不重叠且均匀的加入分选工序,电晕‑静电分选装置实现非金属粉末中树脂粉末的富集,二级进料装置现物料不重叠且均匀的加入下一道工序,荷电衰减装置为混合粉末提供荷电与电荷衰减功能。静电吸附装置实现玻璃纤维粉末的富集。本装置具有结构简单、成本低廉的特点,可以实现树脂与玻璃纤维粉末的高效分选;处理量高,易于工业应用;本发明还可用于玻璃纤维增强塑料(玻璃钢)的回收与再利用领域。
The invention provides a sorting device for resin and glass fiber in non-metallic powder of waste circuit boards, including a primary feeding device, a corona-electrostatic sorting device, a secondary feeding device, a charge attenuation device, and an electrostatic adsorption device ; The primary feeding device ensures that the non-metallic powder in the waste circuit board does not overlap and is evenly added to the sorting process. The corona-electrostatic separation device realizes the enrichment of the resin powder in the non-metallic powder. Overlapped and evenly added to the next process, the charge attenuation device provides charge and charge attenuation functions for the mixed powder. The electrostatic adsorption device realizes the enrichment of glass fiber powder. The device has the characteristics of simple structure and low cost, can realize high-efficiency separation of resin and glass fiber powder; has high processing capacity and is easy for industrial application; the invention can also be used in the recovery and reuse field of glass fiber reinforced plastic (glass reinforced plastic).
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及环境保护技术领域中的工业废弃物处理、资源化技术领域。具体地,涉及一种废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置,实现对废旧电路板的非金属粉进行回收再利用。The invention relates to the technical field of industrial waste treatment and recycling in the technical field of environmental protection. Specifically, it relates to a sorting device for resin and glass fiber in non-metal powder of waste circuit boards, which realizes recycling and reuse of non-metal powder of waste circuit boards.
背景技术Background technique
印刷电路板作为各类电子产品中不可缺少的重要组成部分,被广泛应用于家用电器、电子娱乐设备、计算机等电子产品中。作为电子元件产业中规模大产能高的行业,近几年我国印刷电路板行业年平均增长率竟高达14.4%,其产量已居世界首位。据统计,中国每年有50万吨以上的废旧印刷电路板(WPCBs)需要回收处理。当今,寻求一种快捷环保的方法来处理数量巨大的WPCBs,是中国、美国等电子信息行业大国所面临的共同问题和研究方向。目前,废印刷电路板(WPCBs)的资源化利用主要是其中金属部分的回收利用。而对于占整体质量60%以上,但经济效益较低,处理也更困难的非金属材料部分的资源化和安全处置相对较少。As an indispensable and important part of various electronic products, printed circuit boards are widely used in household appliances, electronic entertainment equipment, computers and other electronic products. As a large-scale and high-capacity industry in the electronic component industry, the average annual growth rate of my country's printed circuit board industry has reached 14.4% in recent years, and its output has ranked first in the world. According to statistics, more than 500,000 tons of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) need to be recycled in China every year. Today, seeking a quick and environmentally friendly method to deal with a huge amount of WPCBs is a common problem and research direction faced by China, the United States and other major countries in the electronic information industry. At present, the resource utilization of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) is mainly the recycling of metal parts. As for non-metallic materials that account for more than 60% of the overall mass, but have lower economic benefits and are more difficult to handle, there are relatively few resources and safe disposal.
目前,多采用破碎的方法分离印刷电路板中的金属和非金属材料,主要是回收其中的金属,而废旧印刷电路板的基板材料颗粒作为垃圾丢掉。由于印刷电路板(PCB)的基板材料,作为一种热固性复合材料(SMC)难于熔化和溶解,另一方面,热固性复合材料中包含大量的玻璃纤维等无机成分,热值较低,无法使用焚烧的方法来处理。填埋是目前大规模处理废旧印刷电路板基板的主要方法,但把基板当作垃圾丢掉,会造成大量的资源浪费和环境污染。文献《印刷电路板废弃物的热解及其产物分析))(孙路石,陆继东等,《燃料化学学报》2002年第3期)和文献《印刷电路板基材的热解实验研究》(彭科等,《环境污染治理技术与设备》2004年第5期)介绍了用热解方法处理废旧印刷电路板。该方法主要是使印刷电路板中的高分子材料裂解成小分子烷烃,合理回收后可作燃料和化工原料使用;同时印刷电路板中玻璃纤维等无机物大多不发生变化,还是以固体废弃物形式存在。由于在印刷电路板中含少量的高分子有机材料,并且在热解过程中产生很多的有害气体(如多溴二苯醚可生成多溴代二苯并二恶烷及多溴代二苯并呋喃)。因此,该方法存在成本高、工艺复杂,造成二次环境污染等问题,并不是处理废旧印刷电路板的基板材料的最理想的方法。At present, the method of crushing is mostly used to separate metal and non-metal materials in printed circuit boards, mainly to recycle the metals, while the substrate material particles of waste printed circuit boards are thrown away as garbage. Due to the substrate material of the printed circuit board (PCB), it is difficult to melt and dissolve as a thermosetting composite material (SMC). method to deal with. Landfilling is currently the main method for large-scale disposal of waste printed circuit board substrates, but discarding the substrates as garbage will cause a lot of waste of resources and environmental pollution. Literature "Pyrolysis of printed circuit board waste and its product analysis)) (Sun Lushi, Lu Jidong, etc., "Journal of Fuel Chemistry" 2002 No. 3) and literature "Pyrolysis Experimental Research of Printed Circuit Board Substrate" (Peng Ke etc., "Environmental Pollution Control Technology and Equipment", No. 5, 2004) introduced the use of pyrolysis to treat waste printed circuit boards. This method is mainly to crack the polymer material in the printed circuit board into small molecular alkanes, which can be used as fuel and chemical raw materials after reasonable recovery; at the same time, most of the inorganic substances such as glass fiber in the printed circuit board do not change, and are still used as solid waste form exists. Since the printed circuit board contains a small amount of polymeric organic materials, and a lot of harmful gases are produced during the pyrolysis process (such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers can generate polybrominated dibenzodioxanes and polybrominated dibenzodioxanes) furan). Therefore, this method has problems such as high cost, complex process, and secondary environmental pollution, and is not the most ideal method for processing the substrate material of waste printed circuit boards.
中国发明专利《废旧印刷电路板的基板材料颗粒再生板材的制造方法》(许振明等,专利号200510023786.X),中国发明专利《利用废弃电路板非金属粉制备改性沥青的方法》(许振明等,200810042789.1)和中国发明专利《利用废弃印刷电路板制备木塑复合材料的方法》(许振明等,200910054313.4)选取一定粒径的通过多级破碎和高压静电分离法得到非金属颗粒,与多种添加剂混合,模压制得诸如再生板材、酚醛模塑料和木塑复合材料等多种再生材料。非金属粉末中的玻璃纤维可以提高材料的力学性能,但含量过多时会阻碍聚乙烯等各原料的流动性,从而降低界面粘合力,导致力学性能下降。这就对控制玻璃纤维在混合物中的含量提出了要求。能够将混合物中玻璃纤维和树脂分选开,可以大幅提高其制备再生板材的性能。同时,如将非金属粉末中玻璃纤维与树脂粉末有效分离可大幅提高非金属粉末的综合回收利用价值。Chinese invention patent "Manufacturing method of waste printed circuit board substrate material particles recycled board" (Xu Zhenming et al., patent number 200510023786.X), Chinese invention patent "Using waste circuit board non-metallic powder to prepare modified asphalt method" (Xu Zhenming et al. Zhenming et al., 200810042789.1) and Chinese invention patent "Using waste printed circuit boards to prepare wood-plastic composite materials" (Xu Zhenming et al., 200910054313.4) select non-metallic particles with a certain particle size through multi-stage crushing and high-voltage electrostatic separation, and A variety of additives are mixed and molded to produce a variety of recycled materials such as recycled boards, phenolic molding compounds and wood-plastic composites. Glass fiber in non-metallic powder can improve the mechanical properties of the material, but when the content is too much, it will hinder the fluidity of various raw materials such as polyethylene, thereby reducing the interface adhesion and resulting in a decline in mechanical properties. This places a requirement on controlling the content of glass fibers in the mixture. Being able to separate the glass fiber and resin in the mixture can greatly improve its performance for making recycled boards. At the same time, if the glass fiber and resin powder in the non-metallic powder are effectively separated, the comprehensive recycling value of the non-metallic powder can be greatly improved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种用于废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置,装置结构简单,成本低廉,实现非金属粉末中玻璃纤维与树脂粉末高效分离,分离后的玻璃纤维可用作复合材料中的增强材料,电绝缘材料和绝热保温材料等;树脂粉末具有较高的燃烧热值,可以通过燃烧回收其中的热能。In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a sorting device for resin and glass fiber in non-metallic powder of waste circuit boards. Efficient separation, the separated glass fibers can be used as reinforcing materials in composite materials, electrical insulation materials and thermal insulation materials, etc.; resin powder has a high combustion calorific value, and the heat energy in it can be recovered through combustion.
本发明的技术解决方案如下:Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置,其构成包括一级进料装置、电晕-静电分选装置、二级进料装置、荷电衰减装置和静电吸附装置;A sorting device for resin and glass fiber in non-metallic powder of waste circuit boards, which consists of a primary feeding device, a corona-electrostatic sorting device, a secondary feeding device, a charge attenuation device and an electrostatic adsorption device;
所述的一级进料装置包括依次连接的进料斗、星型卸料器和一号电磁振动给料机;The primary feeding device includes a sequentially connected feeding hopper, a star unloader and a No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder;
所述的电晕-静电分选装置包括固定在机架上的分选转辊、复合电极和一号旋转毛刷、片状树脂收集槽和中间体收集槽,所述分选转辊位于所述一号电磁振动给料机的出料口正下方,所述复合电极置于所述分旋转辊前方并连接高压直流电源,使复合电极与分旋转辊之间形成高压电晕-静电场,所述一号旋转毛刷置于所述分选转辊后方,一号旋转毛刷与分选转辊均为顺时针旋转,所述片状树脂收集槽位于所述复合电极下方,所述中间体收集槽固定于一号旋转毛刷下方,使得物料经一号电磁振动给料机进入分选转辊的辊面上并随分选转辊一起运动,在电晕-静电场作用下,片状树脂粉末吸附在分选转辊上随转辊运动到后方被一号旋转毛刷刷下落入中间体收集槽中,玻璃纤维粉末与非片状树脂粉末被分选转辊甩出落入片状树脂收集槽中;The corona-electrostatic separation device includes a sorting roller fixed on the frame, a composite electrode, a No. 1 rotating brush, a sheet resin collection tank and an intermediate collection tank, and the sorting roller is located at the Directly below the discharge port of the No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder, the composite electrode is placed in front of the sub-rotating roller and connected to a high-voltage DC power supply, so that a high-voltage corona-static field is formed between the composite electrode and the sub-rotating roller , the No. 1 rotating brush is placed behind the sorting roller, the No. 1 rotating brush and the sorting roller both rotate clockwise, the sheet-like resin collection tank is located under the composite electrode, the The intermediate collection tank is fixed under the No. 1 rotating brush, so that the material enters the roller surface of the sorting roller through the No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder and moves together with the sorting roller. Under the action of the corona-static field, the pieces Shaped resin powder is adsorbed on the sorting roller and moves to the rear with the roller, and is brushed by the No. 1 rotating brush and falls into the intermediate collection tank. Glass fiber powder and non-flaky resin powder are thrown out by the sorting roller and fall into the sheet in the resin collection tank;
所述的二级进料装置为二号电磁振动给料机,固定在所述片状树脂收集槽的下方;The secondary feeding device is No. 2 electromagnetic vibrating feeder, which is fixed below the sheet-like resin collection tank;
所述的荷电衰减装置包括电晕电极,以及固定在传送带机架上的金属传送带和传送带侧护板;所述电晕电极位于所述金属传送带的前端上方,且靠近二号电磁振动给料机的出料口,该电晕电极连接高压直流电源,所述金属传送带接地,使金属传送带与电晕电极共同形成高压电晕场,使物料颗粒经过电晕电极下方时饱和带电,金属传送带速度可调使荷电后颗粒有足够时间进行电荷衰减,所述传送带侧护板设置在传送带机架两侧并采用绝缘材料制作;The charge attenuation device includes a corona electrode, a metal conveyor belt and a conveyor belt side guard fixed on the conveyor belt frame; the corona electrode is located above the front end of the metal conveyor belt and is close to the No. 2 electromagnetic vibration feed The corona electrode is connected to the high-voltage DC power supply, and the metal conveyor belt is grounded, so that the metal conveyor belt and the corona electrode together form a high-voltage corona field, so that the material particles are saturated and charged when passing under the corona electrode, and the metal conveyor belt The speed is adjustable so that the charged particles have enough time for charge decay, and the conveyor belt side guards are arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt frame and made of insulating materials;
所述的静电吸附装置包括二号旋转毛刷、吸附转辊及其固定与调节机构、非片状树脂收集槽和玻璃纤维收集槽,所述吸附转辊及其固定与调节机构位于所述金属传送带后端上方,且吸附转辊与高压直流电源相连,其电源极性与所述电晕电极相反,所述旋转毛刷设置于吸附转辊后方,所述吸附转辊和旋转毛刷逆时针旋转,所述非片状树脂收集槽置于所述旋转毛刷的下方、金属传送带的后端上方,所述玻璃纤维收集槽置于金属传送带的后端下方,在所述金属传送带上经电荷衰减的物料颗粒运动到所述吸附转辊下方时,树脂粉末被吸附在吸附转辊表面随吸附转辊运动被二号旋转毛刷刷下落入非片状树脂收集槽,玻璃纤维粉末随金属传送带运动落入玻璃纤维收集槽中。The electrostatic adsorption device includes a No. 2 rotating brush, an adsorption roller and its fixing and adjusting mechanism, a non-sheet resin collection tank and a glass fiber collecting tank, and the adsorption roller and its fixing and adjusting mechanism are located on the metal Above the rear end of the conveyor belt, and the adsorption roller is connected to a high-voltage DC power supply whose polarity is opposite to that of the corona electrode. The rotating brush is arranged behind the adsorption roller, and the adsorption roller and the rotating brush are counterclockwise Rotate, the non-flaky resin collection tank is placed below the rotating brush and above the rear end of the metal conveyor belt, the glass fiber collection tank is placed below the rear end of the metal conveyor belt, and the metal conveyor belt is charged When the attenuated material particles move to the bottom of the adsorption roller, the resin powder is adsorbed on the surface of the adsorption roller and falls into the non-flaky resin collection tank by the No. 2 rotating brush with the movement of the adsorption roller. The movement falls into a fiberglass collection trough.
所述的复合电极由电晕丝与静电极组成,电晕丝的位置可由电晕丝轨道板调节,静电极的位置可由静电极滑轨调节,聚合物支架将复合电极与电晕-静电分选装置相连,起到绝缘作用;The composite electrode is composed of a corona wire and a static electrode, the position of the corona wire can be adjusted by the corona wire track plate, the position of the static electrode can be adjusted by the static electrode slide rail, and the polymer support separates the composite electrode from the corona-static electrode. The selected device is connected to play an insulating role;
所述的吸附转辊位置可调,旋转高度调节盘,利用丝杠带动吸附转辊沿丝杠运动以调节吸附转辊与金属传送带之间的距离;改变角度调节栓的位置,使吸附转辊绕旋转中心做圆周位移以调节吸附转辊与水平面之间的夹角。The position of the adsorption roller is adjustable, and the height adjustment plate is rotated, and the screw is used to drive the adsorption roller to move along the screw to adjust the distance between the adsorption roller and the metal conveyor belt; the position of the angle adjustment bolt is changed to make the adsorption roller Make a circular displacement around the center of rotation to adjust the angle between the suction roller and the horizontal plane.
本发明的另一个方面,提供一种废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维的分选方法,该方法将废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维的混合粉末由一级进料装置均匀加入电晕-静电分选装置,树脂与玻璃纤维粉在电场中由于受力不同,树脂吸附在分旋转辊上被毛刷刷下落入中间体收集槽,玻璃纤维与部分树脂落入片状树脂收集槽,片状树脂收集槽的下落物料由二级进料装置均匀的加入到荷电衰减装置中,混合粉末经过电晕电极开始荷电,离开电晕电极后混合粉末在金属传送带上进行电荷衰减,并随金属传送带运动到静电吸附装置,吸附转辊与电晕电极带相反的电性,电荷衰减慢的树脂粉末被吸附转辊吸附后被毛刷刷下落入非片状树脂收集槽,而电荷衰减快的玻璃纤维粉末随金属传送带运动落入玻璃纤维收集槽,最终中间体收集槽、非片状树脂收集槽富集树脂粉末,玻璃纤维收集槽富集玻璃纤维粉末,实现分选。Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for sorting resin and glass fiber in non-metallic powder of waste circuit boards. In this method, the mixed powder of resin and glass fiber in non-metal powder of waste circuit boards is uniformly distributed by a primary feeding device. Adding a corona-electrostatic separation device, the resin and glass fiber powder are subjected to different forces in the electric field, the resin is adsorbed on the sub-rotating roller, brushed down by the brush and falls into the intermediate collection tank, and the glass fiber and part of the resin fall into the flake resin The falling material of the collection tank and sheet resin collection tank is evenly added to the charge attenuation device by the secondary feeding device. The mixed powder starts to charge after passing through the corona electrode. After leaving the corona electrode, the mixed powder is charged on the metal conveyor belt. Decay, and move to the electrostatic adsorption device with the metal conveyor belt, the adsorption roller and the corona electrode have the opposite electrical properties, and the resin powder with slow charge decay is absorbed by the adsorption roller and then falls into the non-flaky resin collection tank by the brush. The glass fiber powder with fast charge attenuation falls into the glass fiber collection tank with the movement of the metal conveyor belt, and finally the intermediate collection tank and non-sheet resin collection tank are enriched with resin powder, and the glass fiber collection tank is enriched with glass fiber powder to achieve separation.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置具有结构简单、成本低廉的特点,可以实现树脂与玻璃纤维粉末的高效分选;处理量高,易于工业应用;本发明还可用于玻璃纤维增强塑料(玻璃钢)的回收与再利用领域。The separation device for resin and glass fiber in the non-metallic powder of waste circuit boards of the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure and low cost, and can realize high-efficiency separation of resin and glass fiber powder; the processing capacity is high, and it is easy for industrial application; the present invention can also be used for Recycling and reuse of glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP).
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of resin and glass fiber sorting device in the non-metallic powder of waste circuit board of the present invention;
图2为本发明中复合电极结构示意图,其中a为侧视图,b为正视图Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composite electrode structure in the present invention, wherein a is a side view, and b is a front view
图3为本发明中吸附转辊与调节装置的示意图其中a为正视图,b为侧视图Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the suction roller and the adjustment device in the present invention, wherein a is a front view, and b is a side view
图中,1为进料斗,2为星型卸料器,3为一号电磁振动给料机,4为分旋转辊,5为复合电极,6为一号旋转毛刷,7为片状树脂收集槽,8为中间体收集槽,9为二号电磁振动给料机,10为电晕电极,11为传送带机架,12为传送带侧护板,13为角度调节板,14为角度调节栓,15为调节装置支架,16为二号旋转毛刷,17为吸附转辊,18为转辊固定架,19为高度调节盘,20为金属传送带;21为非片状树脂收集槽,22为玻璃纤维收集槽;23为电源连接口,24为电晕丝,25为静电极,26为电晕丝轨道板,27为固定螺栓,28为聚合物支架,29为电晕丝滑轨,30为静电极滑轨;31为丝杠,32为轴承,33为转轴,34为吸附转辊轴承座,35为毛刷支架,36为聚合物护板,37为弹簧,38为旋转中心。In the figure, 1 is the feeding hopper, 2 is the star unloader, 3 is the No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder, 4 is the sub-rotating roller, 5 is the compound electrode, 6 is the No. 1 rotating brush, and 7 is the sheet Resin collection tank, 8 is the intermediate collection tank, 9 is the No. 2 electromagnetic vibration feeder, 10 is the corona electrode, 11 is the conveyor belt frame, 12 is the side guard plate of the conveyor belt, 13 is the angle adjustment plate, 14 is the angle adjustment Bolt, 15 is the adjustment device bracket, 16 is the No. 2 rotating brush, 17 is the adsorption roller, 18 is the roller fixing frame, 19 is the height adjustment plate, 20 is the metal conveyor belt; 21 is the non-sheet resin collection tank, 22 23 is a power connection port, 24 is a corona wire, 25 is a static electrode, 26 is a corona wire track plate, 27 is a fixing bolt, 28 is a polymer bracket, 29 is a corona wire slide rail, 30 is a static electrode slide rail; 31 is a leading screw, 32 is a bearing, 33 is a rotating shaft, 34 is an adsorption roller bearing seat, 35 is a brush support, 36 is a polymer guard plate, 37 is a spring, and 38 is a center of rotation.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
请先参阅图1,图1为本发明废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置的结构示意图,如图所示,一种废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维分选装置,其构成包括一级进料装置、电晕-静电分选装置、二级进料装置、荷电衰减装置、静电吸附装置。Please refer to Fig. 1 first. Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the resin and glass fiber sorting device in the waste circuit board non-metal powder of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a kind of resin and glass fiber sorting device in the waste circuit board non-metal powder , which consists of a primary feeding device, a corona-electrostatic separation device, a secondary feeding device, a charge decay device, and an electrostatic adsorption device.
所述的一级进料装置由进料斗1、星型卸料器2、一号电磁振动给料机3组成,进料斗1位于星型卸料器2上方,星型卸料器2下方出料口连接一号电磁振动给料机3,物料由进料斗1加入,进料斗1设置料位监测器,实时反馈料位信息,物料由重力作用加入星型卸料器2中,加料速度由星型卸料器2的转速决定,由星型卸料器2排出的物料加入一号电磁振动给料机3,一号电磁振动给料机3的振动频率与振幅可调并与星型卸料器2的转速相匹配,确保废旧电路板中非金属粉不重叠且均匀的加入分选工序,并实现混合粉末的连续加料。The primary feeding device is composed of a feed hopper 1, a star unloader 2, and a No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3. The feed hopper 1 is located above the star unloader 2, and the star unloader 2 The lower outlet is connected to the No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3, and the material is added from the feed hopper 1, and the feed hopper 1 is equipped with a material level monitor to feed back the material level information in real time, and the material is added to the star unloader 2 by gravity The feeding speed is determined by the speed of the star unloader 2, and the material discharged from the star unloader 2 is fed into the No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3. The vibration frequency and amplitude of the No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 are adjustable and Matching the rotation speed of the star unloader 2, it ensures that the non-metallic powder in the waste circuit board does not overlap and is evenly added to the sorting process, and realizes the continuous feeding of the mixed powder.
所述的电晕-静电分选装置由分选转辊4,复合电极5,一号旋转毛刷6,片状树脂收集槽7,中间体收集槽8组成,分选转辊4位于一号电磁振动给料机3的出料口正下方,分选转辊4的转速在20转/分钟~400转/分钟可调,分选转辊4接地,复合电极5固定在机架上置于分旋转辊4前方并连接高压直流电源,复合电极5与分旋转辊4之间形成高压电晕-静电场,一号旋转毛刷6固定于机架上置于分选转辊4后方,一号旋转毛刷6与分选转辊4均为顺时针旋转,片状树脂收集槽7固定于机架上位于复合电极5下方,中间体收集槽8固定于机架上位于一号旋转毛刷6下方,物料由一号电磁振动给料机3加入分选转辊4的辊面上并随分选转辊4一起运动,经过电晕-静电场作用,由于树脂粉末与玻璃纤维粉末破碎后形状存在差异导致其受映像力与重力不同,片状树脂粉末吸附在转辊4上随转辊运动到后方被一号旋转毛刷6刷下落入中间体收集槽8中,玻璃纤维粉末与非片状树脂粉末被转辊4甩出落入片状树脂收集槽7中。The corona-electrostatic separation device is composed of a sorting roller 4, a composite electrode 5, a No. 1 rotating brush 6, a sheet resin collection tank 7, and an intermediate collection tank 8. The sorting roller 4 is located at No. 1 Directly below the discharge port of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3, the rotating speed of the sorting roller 4 is adjustable from 20 rpm to 400 rpm, the sorting roller 4 is grounded, and the composite electrode 5 is fixed on the frame and placed The front of the sub-rotating roller 4 is connected to a high-voltage DC power supply, and a high-voltage corona-electrostatic field is formed between the composite electrode 5 and the sub-rotating roller 4. The No. 1 rotating brush 6 is fixed on the frame and placed behind the sorting roller 4. The No. 1 rotating brush 6 and the sorting roller 4 both rotate clockwise. The sheet resin collection tank 7 is fixed on the frame below the composite electrode 5. The intermediate collection tank 8 is fixed on the frame and located on the No. 1 rotating brush. Below the brush 6, the material is fed into the roller surface of the sorting roller 4 by the No. 1 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 and moves together with the sorting roller 4. After the action of the corona-electrostatic field, the resin powder and the glass fiber powder are broken. Due to the difference in shape, the image force and gravity are different. The flake resin powder is adsorbed on the rotating roller 4 and moves to the rear with the rotating roller 6. It is brushed by the No. 1 rotating brush 6 and falls into the intermediate collection tank 8. The sheet-shaped resin powder is thrown out by the rotating roller 4 and falls into the sheet-shaped resin collection tank 7 .
所述的二级进料装置为二号电磁振动给料机9,由片状树脂收集槽7收集的混合粉末经由二号电磁振动给料机9实现物料不重叠且均匀的加入下一道工序。The secondary feeding device is the No. 2 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 9, and the mixed powder collected by the flake resin collection tank 7 is fed into the next process uniformly without overlapping through the No. 2 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 9.
所述的荷电衰减装置,由电晕电极10,金属传送带20,传送带机架11,传送带侧护板12组成。电晕电极10位于金属传送带20前端上方,靠近二号电磁振动给料机9的出料口,电晕电极10连接高压直流电源,金属传送带20接地,金属传送带20与电晕电极10共同形成高压电晕场,为混合粉末提供荷电功能,电晕电极10与金属传送带20之间的距离可调使物料颗粒经过电晕电极10下方时饱和带电,金属传送带20速度可调使荷电后颗粒有足够时间进行电荷衰减,传送带侧护板12设置在传送带机架两侧并采用绝缘材料制作,由二号电磁振动给料机9排出的物料落入金属传送带20上并与其一起运动,经过电晕电极10下方时饱和带电,在远离电晕电极10过程中由于物料特性差异产生电荷衰减速率的差异,玻璃纤维电荷衰减快,树脂电荷衰减慢,混合颗粒随金属传送带20运动到静电吸附装置区域。The charge attenuation device is composed of a corona electrode 10, a metal conveyor belt 20, a conveyor belt frame 11, and a conveyor belt side guard plate 12. The corona electrode 10 is located above the front end of the metal conveyor belt 20, close to the discharge port of the No. 2 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 9, the corona electrode 10 is connected to a high-voltage DC power supply, the metal conveyor belt 20 is grounded, and the metal conveyor belt 20 and the corona electrode 10 jointly form a high The piezoelectric corona field provides charging function for the mixed powder. The distance between the corona electrode 10 and the metal conveyor belt 20 can be adjusted to make the material particles pass under the corona electrode 10. The particles have enough time for charge decay. The conveyor belt side guards 12 are arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt frame and made of insulating materials. The materials discharged by the No. 2 electromagnetic vibrating feeder 9 fall on the metal conveyor belt 20 and move with it. When the corona electrode 10 is under the saturation charge, the charge decay rate is different due to the difference in material characteristics in the process of moving away from the corona electrode 10. The glass fiber charge decays quickly, and the resin charge decays slowly. The mixed particles move with the metal conveyor belt 20 to the electrostatic adsorption device. area.
所述的静电吸附装置,由角度调节板13,角度调节栓14,调节装置支架15,二号旋转毛刷16,吸附转辊17,转辊固定架18,高度调节盘19,非片状树脂收集槽21,玻璃纤维收集槽22组成,吸附转辊17位于金属传送带20后端上方,吸附转辊17由吸附转辊轴承座34(图3)、转辊固定架18、高度调节盘19相互连接设置于调节装置支架15上,调节装置支架15由旋转中心38连接于金属传送带20的后端,吸附转辊17连接高压直流电源,其电源极性与电晕电极10相反设置(如电晕电极10连接负极时,吸附转辊17连接正极),吸附转辊17逆时针旋转,通过角度调节栓14、弹簧37、旋转中心38的共同作用使调节装置支架15可进行角度调节,二号旋转毛刷16由毛刷支架35固定于调节装置支架15上置于吸附转辊17后方,旋转毛刷16逆时针旋转,非片状树脂收集槽21置于二号旋转毛刷16下方金属传送带20后端上方,玻璃纤维收集槽22置于金属传送带20后端下方,在金属传送带20上经历电荷衰减的物料运动到吸附转辊17下方,树脂荷电衰减慢保留大量与吸附转辊17极性相反的电荷,受电场力作用大于自身重力被吸附在转辊17表面随转辊运动被旋转毛刷16刷下落入非片状树脂收集槽21,玻璃纤维荷电衰减快保留微量与吸附转辊17极性相反的电荷,受电场力作用远小于自身重力,落入玻璃纤维收集槽22中,实现分选。The electrostatic adsorption device consists of an angle adjustment plate 13, an angle adjustment bolt 14, an adjustment device bracket 15, a No. 2 rotating brush 16, an adsorption roller 17, a roller fixing frame 18, a height adjustment plate 19, and a non-sheet resin Collecting tank 21, glass fiber collecting tank 22 is made up of, and adsorption rotating roller 17 is positioned at the top of metal conveyer belt 20 rear ends, and absorbing rotating roller 17 is made up of absorbing rotating roller bearing housing 34 (Fig. 3), rotating roller fixing frame 18, height adjusting disc 19 The connection is arranged on the adjustment device support 15, the adjustment device support 15 is connected to the rear end of the metal conveyor belt 20 by the center of rotation 38, and the suction rotating roller 17 is connected to a high-voltage DC power supply, and its power supply polarity is opposite to that of the corona electrode 10 (such as corona electrode 10). When the electrode 10 is connected to the negative pole, the adsorption roller 17 is connected to the positive pole), the adsorption roller 17 rotates counterclockwise, and the adjustment device bracket 15 can be adjusted in angle through the joint action of the angle adjustment bolt 14, the spring 37, and the rotation center 38, and the second rotation The brush 16 is fixed on the adjustment device bracket 15 by the brush bracket 35 and placed behind the adsorption roller 17, the rotating brush 16 rotates counterclockwise, and the non-flaky resin collection tank 21 is placed under the second rotating brush 16 on the metal conveyor belt 20 Above the rear end, the glass fiber collection tank 22 is placed under the rear end of the metal conveyor belt 20, and the material that has undergone charge decay on the metal conveyor belt 20 moves to the bottom of the adsorption roller 17, and the resin charge decays slowly and retains a large amount of polarity with the adsorption roller 17. The opposite charge is absorbed on the surface of the rotating roller 17 by the action of the electric field force greater than its own gravity, and is brushed by the rotating brush 16 and falls into the non-sheet resin collection tank 21 with the movement of the rotating roller. 17 Charges with opposite polarities are affected by the electric field force far less than their own gravity, and fall into the glass fiber collection tank 22 to realize sorting.
如图2所示,所述的复合电极5由电晕丝24与静电极25组成,电晕丝24的位置可由电晕丝轨道板29调节,静电极的位置可由静电极滑轨30调节,聚合物支架28将复合电极15与电晕-静电分选装置相连,起到绝缘作用。As shown in Figure 2, described composite electrode 5 is made up of corona wire 24 and static electrode 25, and the position of corona wire 24 can be regulated by corona wire track plate 29, and the position of static electrode can be regulated by static electrode slide rail 30, The polymer support 28 connects the composite electrode 15 with the corona-electrostatic separation device and plays an insulating role.
如图3所示,所述的吸附转辊17位置可调,旋转高度调节盘19,利用丝杠31带动吸附转辊17沿丝杠31运动以调节吸附转辊17与金属传送带20之间的距离;改变角度调节栓14的位置,使吸附转辊17绕旋转中心38做圆周位移以调节吸附转辊17与水平面之间的夹角。As shown in Figure 3, the position of the suction roller 17 is adjustable, the height adjusting disc 19 is rotated, and the screw 31 is used to drive the suction roller 17 to move along the screw 31 to adjust the distance between the suction roller 17 and the metal conveyor belt 20. Distance; change the position of the angle adjusting bolt 14 to make the suction roller 17 move around the rotation center 38 in a circle to adjust the angle between the suction roller 17 and the horizontal plane.
将废旧电路板非金属粉中树脂与玻璃纤维的混合粉末由一级进料装置均匀加入电晕-静电分选装置,树脂与玻璃纤维粉在电场中由于受力不同,树脂吸附在分旋转辊4上被毛刷刷下落入中间体收集槽8,玻璃纤维与部分树脂落入片状树脂收集槽7,片状树脂收集槽7的下落物料由二级进料装置9均匀的加入到荷电衰减装置中,混合粉末经过电晕电极10开始荷电,离开电晕电极10后混合粉末在金属传送带20上进行电荷衰减,并随金属传送带20运动到静电吸附装置,吸附转辊17与电晕电极10带相反的电性,电荷衰减慢的树脂粉末被吸附转辊17吸附后被毛刷16刷下落入非片状树脂收集槽21,而电荷衰减快的玻璃纤维粉末随金属传送带20运动落入玻璃纤维收集槽22,最终中间体收集槽8、非片状树脂收集槽21富集树脂粉末,四号22收集槽富集玻璃纤维粉末,实现分选。The mixed powder of resin and glass fiber in the non-metallic powder of waste circuit boards is evenly fed into the corona-electrostatic separation device from the primary feeding device. Due to the different forces of the resin and glass fiber powder in the electric field, the resin is adsorbed on the rotating roller. 4. The top is brushed by the brush and falls into the intermediate collection tank 8. The glass fiber and part of the resin fall into the sheet resin collection tank 7. The falling materials of the sheet resin collection tank 7 are evenly added to the charging tank by the secondary feeding device 9. In the attenuation device, the mixed powder passes through the corona electrode 10 and begins to charge. After leaving the corona electrode 10, the mixed powder undergoes charge attenuation on the metal conveyor belt 20, and moves to the electrostatic adsorption device with the metal conveyor belt 20. The adsorption roller 17 and the corona The electrode 10 has the opposite electrical property, and the resin powder with slow charge decay is absorbed by the adsorption roller 17 and then brushed by the brush 16 and falls into the non-flaky resin collection tank 21, while the glass fiber powder with fast charge decay falls with the metal conveyor belt 20. into the glass fiber collection tank 22, and finally the intermediate collection tank 8 and the non-flaky resin collection tank 21 are enriched with resin powder, and the No. 4 collection tank 22 is enriched with glass fiber powder to realize sorting.
从上述可以看出,本发明的装置具有成本低廉、高效、无污染的特点;可以实现树脂与玻璃纤维粉末的高效分选;处理量高,易于工业应用;本发明还可用于玻璃纤维增强塑料(玻璃钢)的回收与再利用领域。As can be seen from the above, the device of the present invention has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, and no pollution; it can realize efficient separation of resin and glass fiber powder; it has high processing capacity and is easy for industrial application; the present invention can also be used for glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) recycling and reuse.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.
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