CN106501088A - A kind of simulation rock meets assay device and its test method that water softens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating the softening of rock when encountering water, belonging to the field of geotechnical engineering. The test device includes a sealed cylinder, a water pressure regulating system and a sample box for placing rock samples. The sealed cylinder has a relatively airtight test chamber. The water pressure regulating system is connected with the sealed cylinder and used to adjust the water pressure in the test chamber. The test method is as follows: put the rock sample in the sample box, then place the sample box with the rock sample in the sealed cylinder and make the test chamber in a relatively airtight state, and then use the hydraulic pressure adjustment system to adjust the pressure in the test chamber. water pressure. Through the test device and the test method, it is possible to accurately simulate and reflect the actual situation of the softening of the rock in the engineering rock mass under the influence of groundwater, and obtain more accurate physical and mechanical properties of the broken rock mass sample.

Description

A test device and test method for simulating water softening of rock

technical field

The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating water softening of rocks.

Background technique

During the excavation process of underground engineering, it is inevitable to encounter rock mass fracture zones such as fault fracture zones or fracture interlayers at lithological boundaries. Such tunnel sections have poor lithology, weak bearing capacity and deformation resistance, and Water is easy to soften, which is a weak part in underground engineering. Engineering practice shows that the stability of surrounding rock in such parts directly determines the construction speed and quality of underground works. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability of the support design of the fractured zone of underground engineering rock mass and the quality of engineering construction, it is of great significance to accurately evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass in the fractured zone of underground engineering.

Because it is difficult to sample the broken rock mass on site, it is difficult to use the existing laboratory test methods to study its physical and mechanical properties. At present, engineering and technical personnel mainly conduct quantitative evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of the broken rock mass after excavation according to the "Engineering Rock Mass Classification Standard" and "Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Geological Survey Specification" and other relevant specifications. Due to the more or less influence of groundwater in the underground engineering rock mass, the existing methods cannot accurately reflect the physical and mechanical properties of the broken rock mass softened by water at the construction site.

Contents of the invention

The first object of the present invention is to provide a test device for simulating the softening of rocks in contact with water, aiming at simulating the softening of broken rocks in contact with water under different water pressures, so as to further obtain more accurate rock physics and mechanics through detection and analysis. performance parameters.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a test method for simulating the softening of rocks in contact with water, through which the test method can accurately simulate and reflect the on-site actual situation of rock softening under the influence of groundwater in engineering rock masses.

The present invention is achieved like this:

A test device for simulating the softening of rocks with water, which includes a sealed cylinder, a water pressure regulating system and a sample box for placing rock samples. The sealed cylinder has a relatively airtight test chamber, and the sample box is arranged in the test chamber and has A plurality of through holes communicated with the test chamber, and the water pressure regulating system is connected with the sealed cylinder and used for adjusting the water pressure in the test chamber.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sealed cylinder is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the sealed cylinder has a cylinder body and a cover that cooperate with each other, the water inlet and the water outlet are both arranged on the cover, and the water outlet is set There is a water stop valve.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water pressure regulating system includes a water inlet pipe and a driving device, the water inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet, and the driving device is connected to the water inlet pipe.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the test device further includes a support frame, the support frame is arranged at the bottom of the sealing cylinder, and the sample box is arranged on the support frame.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sample box includes a first box body and a second box body oppositely arranged, and the first box body and the second box body are detachably connected.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sample box and the sealed cylinder are made of transparent materials.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a buffer plate is also arranged in the sealing cylinder, and the buffer plate is arranged at a position opposite to the water inlet and spaced from the sample box.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the sealing cylinder is provided with a boss, the buffer plate is arranged on the boss, and the buffer plate is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes.

A test method for simulating water softening of rock, the test method adopts the above-mentioned test device for simulating water softening of rock, which includes:

Put the rock sample in the sample box, then place the sample box with the rock sample in the sealed cylinder and make the test chamber in a relatively airtight state, and then use the water pressure regulating system to adjust the water pressure in the test chamber.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sample box is cylindrical, and the rock sample and the sample box are in a clearance fit, and the clearance of the clearance fit is less than 3 cm.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention obtains the test method for simulating rock softening with water through the above-mentioned design. During use, water is injected into the sealed cylinder through the water pressure regulating system, and the water in the sealed cylinder enters the sample box through the through hole on the sample box. Interacts with a rock sample placed in the sample box. At the same time, the water pressure in the test chamber can also be adjusted by adjusting the water injection in the sealed cylinder, so as to simulate the softening of rock samples under different water pressures, and obtain softened rock samples that are more suitable for actual conditions. , which is conducive to meeting the needs of engineering and technical personnel to accurately understand the physical and mechanical properties of the broken rock mass in the underground engineering during the whole process of construction and operation. The test device can meet the indoor test of simulating water softening of broken rocks, and has a reasonable and simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and has strong practicability, and can be generally used for water softening tests of broken rocks under different water pressures in rock mass engineering.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the schematic structural view of the test device for simulating the water softening of rock provided in Example 1 of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sealed cylinder in a test device for simulating rock softening with water provided in Example 1 of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the sample box in the first viewing angle in the test device for simulating the water softening of rock provided in Example 1 of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the sample box in the second viewing angle of the test device for simulating the softening of rock with water provided in Example 1 of the embodiment of the present invention.

Labels: 100-test device; 110-sealed cylinder; 111-test chamber; 112-water inlet; 113-water outlet; 114-cylinder; 115-cover; 116-water stop valve; Buffer plate; 119-water hole; 120-boss; 121-seal; 122-groove; 123-bolt; 124-nut; 125-gasket; 140-sample box; Hole; 143-first box body; 144-second box body; 145-top wall; 146-curved wall; 147-bottom wall; 148-first end; 149-second end; 150-hinge piece; 151 - lock piece; 160 - water pressure regulating system; 161 - water inlet pipe; 162 - driving device; 163 - water outlet pipe; 164 - water pressure sensor.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is some embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the implementation manners in the present invention, all other implementation manners obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the implementation manners in the present invention, all other implementation manners obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying No device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "on" or "under" a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "under" the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

Embodiment 1, shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 with reference to

This embodiment provides a test device 100 for simulating water softening of rocks. As shown in FIG. The test device 100 can be used to simulate the softening of broken rocks under different water pressures, which is conducive to obtaining softened rock samples that are more suitable for actual conditions, so as to meet the needs of engineering and technical personnel to accurately understand the impact of broken rocks in underground engineering. Requirements for physical and mechanical properties in the whole process of construction and operation.

The test device 100 includes a sealed cylinder 110. As shown in Figure 2, the sealed cylinder 110 is a hollow structure. The sealed cylinder 110 has a test chamber 111 for simulating the softening of the rock when it encounters water. The test chamber 111 is relatively airtight during the test. state. The shape of the sealing cylinder 110 can be cylindrical or cylindrical. The sealing cylinder 110 is provided with a water inlet 112 and a water outlet 113. Usually, the water inlet 112 is connected with the water inlet pipeline, and the water outlet 113 is connected with the water outlet pipeline, and both the water inlet 112 and the water outlet 113 are provided with a water stop valve 116. By closing or opening the water stop valve 116, the amount of water injected into the sealing cylinder 110 can be adjusted.

The water inlet 112 and the water outlet 113 can be arranged on the same side wall of the sealing cylinder 110, and can also be arranged on different sides of the sealing cylinder 110 respectively, for example, the water inlet 112 can be arranged on the top of the sealing cylinder 110, and the water outlet 113 can be arranged on the sealing cylinder The bottom of the cylinder 110. More preferably, the water inlet 112 and the water outlet 113 are both arranged on the top of the sealing cylinder 110, and when water is injected into the test chamber 111 through the water inlet 112, when water flows out from the water outlet 113, it indicates that there is water in the test chamber 111. The water has been filled; subsequently, close the water stop valve 116 at the water outlet 113.

The sealing cylinder 110 has a cylinder body 114 and a cover body 115 that cooperate with each other, and the water inlet 112 and the water outlet 113 are both disposed on the cover body 115 . The cylinder body 114 and the cover body 115 are detachably connected, and there can be two completely independent structures between them, or a hinged structure at one end. There are many ways of detachable connection, such as screw connection, snap connection and so on. In the present invention, the cylinder body 114 and the cover body 115 are connected by mutually matched bolts 123 and nuts 124 . In order to prevent the bolts 123 and nuts 124 from gradually loosening under the action of water pressure, gaskets 125 , such as steel gaskets, may be provided at the contact positions between the cover body 115 and the bolts 123 .

In order to ensure a good sealing state in the test chamber 111 during the whole test process, in this embodiment, a sealing member 121 is provided between the cover body 115 and the cylinder body 114 . The sealing member 121 is a gasket or an elastic rubber ring. In order to further enhance the sealing effect, a groove 122 is provided on the contacting surface of the cylinder body 114 and the cover body 115 , and the sealing member 121 is disposed in the groove 122 .

In this embodiment, in order to allow the staff to observe the conditions in the test chamber 111 more conveniently, the sealed cylinder 110 is made of transparent materials, such as resin or tempered glass. Generally, in order to enhance the compressive strength of the sealing cylinder 110, the thickness of the side wall of the sealing cylinder 110 can be appropriately increased during processing.

Further preferably, a buffer plate 118 is further provided in the sealing cylinder 110, and the buffer plate 118 is arranged at a position opposite to the water inlet 112, and the buffer plate 118 is not in contact with the sample box 140 containing the rock sample. The setting of the buffer plate 118 can reduce the impact force of the water flow at the water inlet 112 during water injection, so as to relieve the erosion of the rock sample by the water flow during the water injection stage. In this embodiment, the side wall of the sealing cylinder 110 is provided with a boss 120, and the buffer plate 118 is arranged on the boss 120. A plurality of permeable holes 119 are opened on the plate 118 .

The test device 100 also includes a sample box 140, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the sample box 140 is a hollow structure, the sample box 140 has a chamber 141 for placing rock samples to be measured, and the sample box 140 is provided with A plurality of through holes 142 , through which the accommodating chamber 141 can communicate with the testing chamber 111 . During the test, the water in the test chamber 111 can pass through the through hole 142 to contact the rock sample in the accommodation chamber 141 .

In order to make rock samples conveniently installed in the sample box 140, the sample box 140 has a first box body 143 and a second box body 144 that cooperate with each other, each side of the first box body 143 and the second box body 144 Each wall is provided with a plurality of through holes 142 communicating with the receiving cavity 141 .

Further, since an electric drill is usually used for sampling in the actual sampling process, the collected samples are cylindrical. In order to make the rock sample and the sample box 140 have a clearance fit, the accommodating chamber 141 of the sample box 140 matches the shape of the cylindrical sample. In the actual production process, sample boxes 140 of different specifications will be processed to match rock samples of different volumes, for example, the diameter of the sample box 140 is 100 mm, and the length is 150 mm. In order to achieve a better matching effect, the matching gap is less than 3 mm, that is, the maximum distance between the outer diameter of the rock sample and the inner diameter of the sample box 140 is 3 mm.

This kind of sample box 140 can ensure that the rock sample can still roughly maintain its shape before disintegration during the process of softening and disintegrating with water, thereby preventing the sample from being scattered in a disorderly state after disintegration, which is beneficial for the staff to be able to analyze the rock according to the rock avalanche. To obtain representative softened rock samples according to the shape before solution, to further quantitatively evaluate their physical and mechanical properties with existing methods according to relevant specifications, and to obtain more representative and accurate conclusions.

The first box body 143 and the second box body 144 are symmetrical and opposite to each other. In this embodiment, both the first box body 143 and the second box body 144 are hollow semicircular bodies, and the length direction of the first box body 143 and the length direction of the second box body 144 are parallel to the axis of the sample box 140 . When placing the rock sample, the rock sample can be first placed in the first box body 143, the length of the rock sample is basically the same as that of the first box body 143, and then the second box body 144 is fastened on the first box body 143, Together they form a cylindrical sample box 140 .

Both the first box body 143 and the second box body 144 have a top wall 145 , an arc-shaped wall 146 and a bottom wall 147 connected in sequence, and the cross-sectional areas of the top wall 145 and the bottom wall 147 are equal. The cross section of the arc-shaped wall 146 is an arc-shaped surface (not shown in the figure), and the central angle of the arc-shaped surface is 160-200 degrees. When the central angle of the arc-shaped surface of the first box body 143 was 160 degrees, the central angle of the arc-shaped surface of the second box body 144 was 200 degrees, and the two arc-shaped surfaces merged to form a complete circular surface; on the contrary , when the central angle of the arc-shaped surface of the first box body 143 is 200 degrees, the central angle of the arc-shaped surface of the second box body 144 is 160 degrees. More preferably, the central angles of the first box body 143 and the second box body 144 are both 180 degrees, which is beneficial to the loading of rock samples and can also prevent the shape of the disintegrated rock samples from being destroyed when taken out.

The first box body 143 has two opposite ends, namely a first end 148 and a second end 149 , the first end 148 is hinged to the second box body 144 , and the second end 149 is detachably connected to the second box body 144 . The detachable connection is screw connection, snap connection or flange connection. In this embodiment, the first end 148 of the first box body 143 is hinged to the second box body 144 through the hinge 150, and the first box body 143 and the second box body 144 rotate around the first end 148 as the axis to Realize opening or closing the sample box 140 ; the second end 149 of the first box body 143 is connected with the second box body 144 through the locking member 151 , so that the rock sample is relatively stationary in the sample box 140 .

In other embodiments of the present invention, both the first box body and the second box body are cylindrical with one end open, and the first box body is detachably connected to the second box body, preferably the first box body and the second box body Connected by thread. After the cylindrical rock sample is obtained, the rock sample can be placed in the first box, and then the second box is moved relative to the first box, and fastened by threads.

In this embodiment, preferably, the sample box 140 is also made of a transparent material, such as resin or toughened glass. At the same time, the use of the sample box 140 and the sealed cylinder 110 made of transparent materials is beneficial for technicians to conduct real-time observation in the water softening test of the rock sample, so that it can accurately and intuitively study the evolution law of the water softening of the rock.

As shown in FIG. 2 , a support frame 117 is provided at the bottom of the test chamber 111 of the sealed cylinder 110 , and a sample box 140 containing rock samples is located on the support frame 117 . There is a gap between the bottom of the sample box 140 and the bottom of the sealing cylinder 110, that is, the through hole 142 at the bottom of the sample box 140 is not in contact with the bottom of the sealing cylinder 110, so that the powder produced by the rock sample in the process of softening with water The debris can be smoothly discharged from the through hole 142 at the bottom of the sample box 140 to avoid blocking the through hole 142 at the bottom of the sample box 140.

As shown in Figure 1, this test device 100 also comprises a water pressure regulating system 160, and the water pressure regulating system 160 comprises a water inlet pipeline 161, and the water inlet pipeline 161 is communicated with the water inlet 112 of the sealing cylinder 110; The water pressure regulating system 160 also Including a driving device 162, the driving device 162 is a power device such as a water pump. In this embodiment, the driving device 162 is a servo pump. In order to better regulate the water pressure in the sealing cylinder 110 , preferably, a water pressure sensor 164 is provided at the end of the water inlet pipe 161 close to the water inlet 112 .

This embodiment also provides a test system (not shown) for simulating water softening of rock, which includes a test device 100 for simulating water softening of rock and an automatic control system (not shown). The automatic control of the test device 100 can be realized through this automatic control system, so that the water pressure in the test chamber 111 can be controlled more precisely.

Utilize test device 100 to carry out the test method of simulating rock meeting water softening, comprise the following steps:

S1: The rock sample drilled on site is loaded into the sample box 140, and the inner diameter of the sample box 140 matches the diameter of the rock sample.

S2: the support frame 117 is placed on the bottom of the sealing cylinder 110, the sample box 140 with rock samples is placed on the support frame 117; then the buffer plate 118 is placed on the boss 120 of the sealing cylinder 110 inner wall, and the sealing is closed The cylinder 110 forms a relatively airtight test chamber 111 .

S3: open the two water stop valves 116 at the water inlet 112 and the water outlet 113 of the sealing cylinder 110, fill water in the sealing cylinder 110 by the driving device 162, treat that the water in the sealing cylinder 110 is full, and the sealing cylinder 110 When water flows out of the water outlet 113, the water stop valve 116 at the water outlet 113 is closed.

S4: Use the driving device 162 to continue injecting water into the sealed cylinder 110, so as to adjust the water pressure in the sealed cylinder 110 to a preset value, so as to simulate the softening of rocks when encountering water.

During the test, the water softening of the broken rock samples was observed in real time, and the number of disintegrated rock samples after water softening was counted. According to the standard, the existing methods are used to quantitatively evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the broken rock mass samples soaked according to the preset time and water pressure.

In summary, the test method for simulating water softening of rocks provided by the present invention adjusts the water pressure in the test chamber 111 by adjusting the water injection rate in the sealed cylinder 110, so as to simulate the softening of broken rocks under different water pressures. In order to obtain softened rock samples that are more in line with the actual situation, it is beneficial to meet the needs of engineering and technical personnel to accurately understand the physical and mechanical properties of the broken rock mass in the underground engineering during the whole process of construction and operation. The test device 100 can meet the indoor test of simulating water softening of broken rocks, and has a reasonable and simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and has strong practicability, and can be generally used for water softening tests of broken rocks under different water pressures in rock mass engineering. .

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A test device for simulating the softening of rocks with water, it is characterized in that it comprises a sealed cylinder, a water pressure regulating system and a sample box for placing rock samples, the sealed cylinder has a relatively airtight test chamber, the The sample box is arranged in the test chamber and has a plurality of through holes communicating with the test chamber. The water pressure regulating system is connected with the sealed cylinder and used to adjust the water pressure in the test chamber. 2. the test device for simulating rock softening with water according to claim 1, wherein the sealed cylinder is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the sealed cylinder has a cylinder body and a cover that cooperate with each other. Both the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged on the cover body, and a water stop valve is arranged at the water outlet. 3. The test device for simulating water softening of rock according to claim 2, wherein the water pressure regulating system comprises a water inlet pipe and a driving device, the water inlet pipe is connected with the water inlet, and the water inlet pipe is connected with the water inlet. The driving device is connected with the water inlet pipeline. 4. The test device for simulating the water softening of rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, the test device also includes a support frame, the support frame is arranged at the bottom of the sealed cylinder, and the sample box is provided with on the support frame. 5. the test device of simulating rock meeting water softening according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sample box comprises the first box body and the second box body of opposite arrangement, and described first box body and described The second box body is detachably connected. 6 . The test device for simulating water softening of rock according to claim 1 , wherein the sample box and the sealed cylinder are made of transparent materials. 7. The test device for simulating water softening of rock according to claim 2, characterized in that, a buffer plate is also arranged in the sealed cylinder, and the buffer plate is arranged at a position opposite to the water inlet, and is connected to the water inlet. The above-mentioned sample box interval setting. 8. The test device for simulating water softening of rock according to claim 7, wherein the side wall of the sealed cylinder is provided with a boss, the buffer plate is arranged on the boss, and the buffer plate There are many permeable holes. 9. A test method for simulating the water softening of rock, characterized in that, said test method adopts the test device for simulating water softening of rock according to any one of claims 1-8, which comprises: Place the rock sample in the sample box, place the sample box with the rock sample in the sealed cylinder and make the test chamber in a relatively airtight state, and then use the A water pressure regulating system is used to adjust the water pressure in the test chamber. 10. the test method of simulating rock meeting water softening according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described sample box is cylindrical, and described rock sample and described sample box are clearance fit, and described clearance fit The gap is less than 3mm.