CN106512259A - Ship accumulator cabin ventilation and automatic extinguishing method and system based on fuzzy control - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method for a ship's battery cabin, which collects the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the ship's battery cabin; establishes a fuzzy control model; uses the collected signal as the input of the fuzzy control model, and according to the preset The fuzzy set is used to fuzzify the input quantity; the fuzzy control quantity is obtained by fuzzy reasoning according to the preset control rule table; after the fuzzy control quantity is defuzzified, it is multiplied by the proportional coefficient to obtain the control quantity; Output to the alarm device, fire extinguishing device and ventilation system; the alarm device, fire extinguishing device and ventilation system choose whether to start according to the control quantity. The invention can realize cabin ventilation and early warning, ensure preventive fire extinguishing before a fire occurs, or realize automatic fire extinguishing when a fire has occurred, minimize the fire, evacuate personnel in advance, and reduce personnel and property losses.

Description

Ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method and system for ship battery compartment based on fuzzy control

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of water traffic safety and fire protection, and in particular relates to a fuzzy control-based method and system for ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing of battery compartments of ships.

Background technique

In recent years, ship energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies have developed very rapidly, especially clean energy ships represented by solar energy, wind energy, and storage batteries are overwhelmed. At present, pure battery electric ships and hybrid ships that use various new clean energy sources as ship propulsion power sources all choose power battery packs as energy storage devices on board.

Because today's battery and battery management technology is not mature enough, and the safety of the power battery pack itself is lower than that of the traditional diesel engine as the main engine of the ship, especially when the ship encounters sudden accidents such as collisions and shipwrecks, Battery packs are more likely to cause safety accidents such as fires and explosions. The working environment of the ship is on the water, and the working environment is more severe and changeable. There are more factors that cause battery safety accidents, and it is more difficult to implement corresponding rescue measures when an accident occurs. The automatic fire extinguishing system is particularly important, in order to improve the real-time monitoring, early warning and automatic fire extinguishing capabilities of the ship's fire safety.

The power battery packs of pure battery electric boats and hybrid boats are generally placed in the battery cabin, and the electrolyte gas may leak during the working process of the battery. Because of its flammability, it is easy to cause fire and explosion if it reaches a certain concentration; at the same time, the battery must 24 hours of uninterrupted work, if the working time is too long, it will generate a lot of heat, causing high temperature or even a fire. Therefore, a corresponding ventilation system is required to carry out real-time monitoring of the battery cabin and timely remove combustible gas and cool down to ensure the safety of the ship.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fuzzy control-based method and system for ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing of the ship battery cabin, to realize cabin ventilation and early warning, to ensure preventive fire extinguishing before the fire occurs, or to realize automatic fire extinguishing when the fire has already occurred. Extinguish the fire, minimize the fire intensity, evacuate people in advance, and reduce the loss of people and property.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method for the battery compartment of a ship, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

S1. Collecting signals: collecting the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the battery cabin of the ship;

S2. Fuzzy control:

Build a fuzzy control model;

The collected signal is used as the input quantity of the fuzzy control model, and the input quantity is fuzzified according to the preset fuzzy set;

Carry out fuzzy reasoning according to the preset control rule table to obtain the fuzzy control quantity;

After the fuzzy control quantity is defuzzified, it is multiplied by the proportional coefficient to obtain the control quantity;

S3. Output the control quantity to the alarm device, the fire extinguishing device and the ventilation system respectively; the alarm device, the fire extinguishing device and the ventilation system respectively judge whether to start according to the magnitude of the control quantity.

According to the above method, in the S2, a fuzzy control model with double input and single output is established; the cabin temperature T and the cabin smoke concentration S are used as input quantities, and a triangular membership function is selected.

According to the above method, it also includes a manual mode: the user manually selects and enters, and controls at least one of the alarm device, the fire extinguishing device and the ventilation system through buttons.

According to the above method, the method also includes S4. Collecting the concentration of the combustible gas in the cabin, and starting the ventilation system and the alarm device when the concentration of the combustible gas exceeds the threshold of the combustible gas concentration.

According to the above method, the control amount includes five levels of language value {P Q R M N}, and the corresponding control relationship is as follows:

The control quantity is P, and the alarm device, fire extinguishing device and ventilation system are not activated;

The control quantity is Q, the ventilation system is started, and the forced ventilation is at gear I;

The control value is R, the ventilation system is activated, and the forced ventilation is in gear II;

The control quantity is M, the ventilation system is started, and the forced ventilation is at level II; the alarm device is started;

The control quantity is N, the ventilation system is closed; the alarm device is activated; the fire extinguishing device is activated.

A fuzzy control-based ventilating and automatic fire extinguishing system for battery compartments in ships, characterized in that it includes:

The sensor group is used to collect the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the battery cabin of the ship;

The central processing unit is used to realize the above-mentioned fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method for the battery compartment of the ship, and the output end of the sensor group is connected to the input end of the central processing unit;

The alarm device is controlled by the central processing unit or manually to send out an alarm signal;

Fire extinguishing device, controlled by central processing unit or manually, executes fire extinguishing measures;

The ventilation system, controlled by the central processor or manually, performs the ventilation.

According to the above system, the fire extinguishing device includes a fire extinguishing agent and a control valve arranged on the top of the battery compartment of the ship.

According to the above system, the sensor group includes an ambient temperature sensor arranged in the battery compartment of the ship, and a smoke sensor arranged in the battery compartment of the ship.

According to the above system, it also includes a monitoring platform remotely connected to the central processing unit; the monitoring platform is provided with control buttons for respectively starting the alarm device, the ventilation system and the fire extinguishing device.

According to the above system, the sensor group also includes a combustible gas concentration sensor connected to the central processing unit, and is used to activate the ventilation system and the alarm device when the combustible gas concentration exceeds the combustible gas concentration threshold.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by adopting the fuzzy control model to fuzzify the collected signal, and performing fuzzy reasoning according to the control rule table, the fuzzy control quantity is obtained, and the precise control quantity is obtained after defuzzification, and corresponding instructions are issued to realize Cabin ventilation and early warning to ensure preventive fire extinguishing before the fire occurs, or realize automatic fire extinguishing when the fire has already occurred, minimize the fire, evacuate personnel in advance, and reduce personnel and property losses.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuzzy control model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional graph of fuzzy control rules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples and accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method for a ship's battery cabin, comprising the following steps: S1, collecting signals: collecting the ambient temperature and cabin smoke of the ship's battery cabin; S2, fuzzy control: establishing a fuzzy control model; The collected signal is used as the input quantity of the fuzzy control model, and the input quantity is fuzzified according to the preset fuzzy set; the fuzzy control quantity is obtained by fuzzy reasoning according to the preset control rule table; the fuzzy control quantity is defuzzified , and then multiplied by the proportional coefficient to obtain the control quantity; S3, respectively output the control quantity to the alarm device, fire extinguishing device and ventilation system; the alarm device, fire extinguishing device and ventilation system respectively judge whether to start according to the size of the control quantity.

In the described S2, a fuzzy control model with double input and single output is set up; the cabin temperature T and the cabin smoke concentration S are used as input quantities, and the triangle membership function is selected, and the mathematical expression of the triangle membership function is:

It also includes a manual mode: manually selected and entered by the user, at least one of the alarm device, the fire extinguishing device and the ventilation system is controlled by a button.

The method may further include S4. Collecting the concentration of the combustible gas in the cabin, and starting the ventilation system and the alarm device when the concentration of the combustible gas exceeds the threshold of the combustible gas concentration. As a supplement to the smoke concentration, when there is a flammable gas leak, forced ventilation is required, and you can also choose whether to alarm and notify the maintenance personnel to repair as soon as possible.

A fuzzy control-based ventilating and automatic fire extinguishing system for the battery cabin of a ship, as shown in Figure 1, includes: a sensor group for collecting the ambient temperature and smoke concentration in the battery cabin of the ship; Controlled ship battery compartment ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method, the output end of the sensor group is connected with the input end of the central processing unit; the alarm device is controlled by the central processing unit or manually to send an alarm signal; the fire extinguishing device is controlled by the central processing unit or Manual control, execute fire extinguishing measures; ventilation system, controlled by central processor or manually, execute ventilation.

The fire extinguishing device includes a fire extinguishing agent and a control valve arranged on the top of the battery compartment of the ship. The fire extinguishing device is arranged above or on the ceiling of the battery compartment of the ship, and can spray fire extinguishing agent from top to bottom according to the control command issued by the central processing unit or the manual start command, so as to prevent the occurrence of fire or block the spread of fire.

The ventilation system is arranged on the side wall of the battery compartment of the ship, and is divided into an upper vent and a lower vent, wherein the upper vent is provided with an exhaust fan. According to the indoor temperature, smoke concentration and combustible gas concentration, the upper vent can be controlled by the fuzzy controller to perform forced ventilation, but once a fire has occurred, the controller will issue an instruction to close the vent and stop ventilation to prevent external The air enters the cabin to fuel the fire; the lower vent is mainly used for when a fire has already occurred, the fire extinguishing device sprays the fire extinguishing agent from top to bottom, and the indoor air can be discharged outside through the lower vent to block the spread of the fire.

The sensor group includes an ambient temperature sensor arranged in the battery compartment of the ship, and a smoke sensor arranged in the battery compartment of the ship.

It also includes a monitoring platform remotely connected to said central processing unit. The monitoring platform is arranged in the monitoring room of the engine room, and there are buttons for manually starting and stopping the fire extinguishing device, ventilation system and alarm device on the monitoring platform. If necessary, they can be manually operated to issue instructions to control ventilation, fire extinguishing, and sound and light alarms.

In this embodiment, the system and method have two modes: automatic and manual.

When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the cabin is too high, or the smoke sensor detects that the smoke concentration in the cabin has risen to a certain level, the signal is transmitted to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit adopts the fuzzy control model, and passes the fuzzy control model according to the collected signal. Reasoning judges that forced mechanical ventilation is required, that is, an instruction is sent to the ventilation system immediately to turn on the exhaust fan for ventilation, and when the state parameters are detected again to return to the normal level, an instruction is issued to turn off the exhaust fan, that is, the mechanical ventilation is changed to natural ventilation. This maintains various state parameters in the battery compartment within a safe range. A combustible gas concentration sensor can also be added, which is connected with the central processing unit, and is used to start the ventilation system and the alarm device when the combustible gas concentration exceeds the combustible gas concentration threshold.

Before a fire or explosion is about to occur due to ship collision or short circuit of battery equipment, cooling failure and other equipment failures, the temperature in the cabin or battery pack will rise sharply, generating a lot of smoke, and the temperature sensor will detect the current temperature signal Pass it to the central processing unit, and the smoke sensor will pass the detected current smoke value to the central processing unit at the same time. After receiving the signal, the central processing unit performs fuzzy reasoning. When it judges that a fire is about to break out, it immediately sends an instruction to the ventilation system to turn off the exhaust fan to prevent oxygen from entering; at the same time, it sends an instruction to the fire extinguishing device to turn on the fire extinguishing device. Spray a large amount of fire extinguishing agent from top to bottom to fully cover and surround all modules of the entire battery pack to block the spread of fire and heat diffusion, and to prevent the entry of external air; at the same time, an instruction is sent to the alarm device to immediately issue an audible and visual alarm, causing the cockpit to As well as the attention of relevant personnel in the engine room monitoring room, the captain will conduct overall dispatch and arrange relevant personnel to organize fire fighting, rescue and personnel evacuation; at the same time, real-time data information will be sent to the monitoring station, and the professionals will Judging the fire situation and fire extinguishing effect, and then making the next judgment, the data information in the whole process will be recorded and saved by the monitoring station, which is convenient for future research and analysis and improvement measures.

Below, introduce the specific fuzzy control scheme under the automatic mode. The fuzzy control model used in this program is a double-input and single-output model, the two input quantities are the cabin temperature T and the smoke concentration S, and the output quantity is the control quantity U, as shown in Figure 2. The three-dimensional graph of the fuzzy control rule is shown in Fig.3.

When the cabin temperature T and smoke concentration S enter the fuzzy control model, the first thing to go through is fuzzy processing. Fuzzification is a process that is clear and fuzzy. The membership functions selected in this embodiment are all triangular membership functions, and there are four levels of language values {normal, high, high, extremely high}, which are represented by letters as { AT BT CT DT} and {AS BS CSDS}. The fuzzy sets corresponding to each file are shown in Table 1. The range values selected in this table are only used in this embodiment, and can be selected according to actual conditions, requirements and experience during specific implementation.

Table 1

The language value of the control quantity U is divided into five levels, represented by letters as {P Q R M N}, and the domain of discourse is {0 1 2 3 4}. The corresponding control states represented by them are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

System control volume U control state P natural ventilation Q Forced ventilation level I R Forced ventilation II gear m Forced ventilation II gear and alarm N Shut down ventilation system, alarm and activate automatic fire extinguishing

It is necessary to establish a fuzzy rule table when performing fuzzy reasoning, and the fuzzy rule table is shown in Table 3.

table 3

The fuzzy rule table is obtained according to relevant examples and experiences of battery fire. When the temperature and smoke concentration are at normal values, natural ventilation is adopted; as long as one of the temperature and smoke concentration exceeds the normal value, forced ventilation is required. Forced ventilation is divided into grade I and grade II, and the fuzzy controller is controlled according to the system control quantity U It is realized by the speed of the exhaust fan. Here, each gear does not correspond to a fixed speed, but a linearly increasing speed range; when one of the temperature and smoke reaches an extremely high level, there is no It constitutes a fire condition, but forced ventilation alone cannot solve the problem, so sound and light alarms are required to attract the attention of the captain and chief engineer, and take corresponding measures to troubleshoot; when the temperature and smoke level both reach extremely high or high levels , it means that an open flame is about to appear, and directly arranging professionals to carry out troubleshooting has been unable to prevent the fire from happening, and may even bring danger to the lives of professionals. At this time, the control system needs to automatically take three measures: (1 ) Turn off the ventilation system to prevent the air from entering, (2) issue an audible and visual alarm to remind the captain to dispatch and evacuate all personnel on the ship, and ask for help from the outside world, (3) activate the automatic fire extinguishing device, and spray fire from the top of the cabin A large amount of fire extinguishing agent is used to cover the entire range of the battery pack, to block the air, to prevent the occurrence of fire and thermal diffusion as much as possible, and to prevent explosions and other accidents that cause great harm to ships and people on board.

The defuzzification described in Figure 2 can use the center of gravity method, and the control variable U after defuzzification needs to be multiplied by a proportional coefficient to realize precise control of the ventilation system.

The following are manual control modes:

In an emergency, the professionals at the monitoring station can also use the manual mode based on data analysis and judgment, that is, by pressing the manual start and stop button to control the ventilation system, fire extinguishing device and alarm device, and the automatic mode can fail or collide or sink. In an emergency, the professionals have already judged that the battery may catch fire or explode, that is, the manual mode will play a role; it can also be issued by the captain when the fire is unavoidable and recoverable, and a major accident is about to endanger the safety of the crew on board. Command, by pressing the alarm button of the whole ship, an alarm is given to all personnel on the whole ship, prompting evacuation, evacuation and emergency escape.

The invention detects the temperature and smoke concentration of each point in real time through the temperature sensor and the smoke sensor, realizes real-time monitoring on the monitoring platform, and performs early warning before an open fire occurs, and realizes ventilation, alarm and fire extinguishing functions through automatic control of the fuzzy control model to prevent fires Occur or block the spread of fire, reduce personnel and property losses, and improve ship safety.

Through the monitoring of the monitoring platform, when abnormal temperature and smoke parameters are found, relevant personnel can be sent to check in time, troubleshoot and take relevant measures. If the automatic system fails, the manual start and stop button can also be used to realize ventilation, alarm and Fire extinguishing function, eliminate the fire as much as possible or prevent the fire from becoming bigger.

Through the alarm device, once the data rises sharply and reaches the critical value, the relevant personnel in the cockpit and the engine room monitoring room will be reminded in time through the alarm, and then the captain will make a decision and dispatch, issue a warning to the entire ship and organize personnel to evacuate. Send a rescue signal to the outside world, strive for more escape opportunities for the crew on board, and minimize casualties and property losses.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design concept and characteristics of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications based on the principles and design ideas disclosed in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of ship accumulator compartment ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method based on fuzzy control, it is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps: S1. Collecting signals: collecting the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the battery cabin of the ship; S2. Fuzzy control: Build a fuzzy control model; The collected signal is used as the input quantity of the fuzzy control model, and the input quantity is fuzzified according to the preset fuzzy set; Carry out fuzzy reasoning according to the preset control rule table to obtain the fuzzy control quantity; After the fuzzy control quantity is defuzzified, it is multiplied by the proportional coefficient to obtain the control quantity; S3. Output the control quantity to the alarm device, the fire extinguishing device and the ventilation system respectively; the alarm device, the fire extinguishing device and the ventilation system respectively judge whether to start according to the magnitude of the control quantity. 2. the fuzzy control-based ship battery compartment ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described S2, a fuzzy control model with double input and single output is set up; the cabin temperature T and the cabin smog The concentration S is used as the input quantity, and the triangular membership function is selected. 3. The fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method for ship battery cabins according to claim 2, characterized in that: it also includes a manual mode: the user manually selects and enters, and controls the alarm device, the fire extinguishing device and the ventilation system through buttons. at least one of the . 4. The fuzzy control-based method for ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing of ship battery cabins according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also includes S4, collecting the cabin combustible gas concentration, when the combustible gas concentration exceeds the combustible gas concentration threshold , start the ventilation system and alarm device. 5. The fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method for ship battery cabins according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the control amount includes five levels of language values {P Q R M N}, and the corresponding control relationship is as follows: The control quantity is P, and the alarm device, fire extinguishing device and ventilation system are not activated; The control quantity is Q, the ventilation system is started, and the forced ventilation is at gear I; The control value is R, the ventilation system is activated, and the forced ventilation is in gear II; The control quantity is M, the ventilation system is started, and the forced ventilation is in gear II; the alarm device is started; The control quantity is N, the ventilation system is closed; the alarm device is activated; the fire extinguishing device is activated. 6. A ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing system for battery compartments of ships based on fuzzy control, characterized in that: it comprises: The sensor group is used to collect the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the battery cabin of the ship; The central processing unit is used to realize the fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing method for the battery compartment of the ship according to claim 1, the output end of the sensor group is connected to the input end of the central processing unit; The alarm device is controlled by the central processing unit or manually to send out an alarm signal; Fire extinguishing device, controlled by central processing unit or manually, executes fire extinguishing measures; The ventilation system, controlled by the central processor or manually, performs the ventilation. 7. The fuzzy control-based ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing system for the battery compartment of the ship according to claim 6, wherein the fire extinguishing device includes a fire extinguishing agent and a control valve arranged on the top of the battery compartment of the ship. 8. The ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing system for ship battery cabins based on fuzzy control according to claim 6, characterized in that: said sensor group includes an ambient temperature sensor arranged in the ship battery room and a sensor set in the ship battery room. smoke sensor. 9. The ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing system for ship battery compartments based on fuzzy control according to claim 6, characterized in that: it also includes a monitoring platform remotely connected to the central processing unit; Control buttons for alarm devices, ventilation systems and fire extinguishing devices. 10. The ventilation and automatic fire extinguishing system for ship battery compartments based on fuzzy control according to claim 6, characterized in that: the sensor group also includes a combustible gas concentration sensor connected to the central processing unit for When the flammable gas concentration exceeds the flammable gas concentration threshold, the ventilation system and alarm device will be activated.