PIN diode and varactor diode combined frequency hopping filter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic communication, in particular to a PIN diode and varactor diode combined frequency hopping filter.
Background
On the basis of a resonant band-pass filter, changing the operating frequency of the band-pass filter by changing the resonant inductance or capacitance is a common tunable band-pass filter. If the tuning can be changed quickly, it is a commonly defined frequency hopping filter. The frequency hopping filter can well inhibit out-of-band signals simultaneously along with the change of the working frequency, so that the frequency hopping filter is widely applied to military communication which needs to change the working frequency rapidly and adapt to complex electromagnetic environment.
Currently, the frequency hopping filter generally realizes the tuning of the working frequency by changing the capacitance in the band-pass filter, and two common implementation modes are generally adopted: firstly, the variable capacitance is realized by using a varactor diode, which can be small in size, but because the variable capacitance is realized by using a varactor diode with a large voltage adjustment range, the variable capacitance can be widely changed, and the natural power capability is weak when the voltage is low, therefore, the variable capacitance can only work below a few dBm. And tuning is realized by using a PIN diode as a switched capacitor. The frequency hopping filter with large, medium and small power capacity is realized by changing the types of PIN diodes, the back voltage, the heat dissipation form and the like, so that the frequency hopping filter is more widely used.
The PIN tube type small frequency hopping filter (1W is not damaged and can work to 20dBm in a non-compressed mode) which is most commonly used at present is small in required size, so that the number of switching capacitor groups of the PIN diode is small, the requirements on the capacitor precision and the paired matching performance of the symmetrical capacitors on two sides are high, and the required frequency or index cannot be tuned. Therefore, the common PIN tube type small frequency hopping filter needs to select high-precision paired capacitors in advance, and meanwhile, the capacitors can be replaced and supplemented during debugging, so that the reliability is reduced, and the production and debugging are troublesome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provides a PIN diode and varactor diode combined frequency hopping filter, wherein the frequency hopping filter can realize continuous capacitance adjustment through a varactor diode to compensate capacitance deviation under the condition that the capacitance capacity of a PIN diode unit is deviated by adopting a PIN diode and varactor diode combined mode, thereby reducing the precision requirement on the capacitance of the PIN diode unit and avoiding the problem of selecting and replacing the capacitance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a PIN diode and varactor combined frequency hopping filter that can improve power capability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the PIN diode and varactor diode combined frequency hopping filter is respectively connected with a radio frequency input end and a radio frequency output end, and is characterized in that: the device comprises a first matching network, a first resonant inductor, a first switched capacitor array, a first varactor group, a coupler, a second varactor group, a second switched capacitor array, a second resonant inductor and a second matching network which are connected in sequence; the first matching network is connected with the radio frequency input end, and the second matching network is connected with the radio frequency output end; the digital control circuit is connected with the varactor driving circuit and the PIN diode driving circuit respectively; the varactor driving circuit is respectively connected with the first varactor group and the second varactor group; the PIN diode driving circuit is respectively connected with the first switch capacitor array and the second switch capacitor array;
the first switch capacitor array and the second switch capacitor array are formed by connecting more than two groups of PIN diode units comprising capacitors in parallel; the first varactor group and the second varactor group are formed by connecting varactors with peripheral circuits.
In the scheme, the invention adopts the combination of the PIN diode and the varactor diode to realize the small frequency hopping filter, the main capacitance part is realized by adopting the capacitances in more than two groups of PIN diode units in the first switch capacitance array and the second switch capacitance array, and the rest small capacitance (usually 0.5-3 pf) is realized by adopting the varactors in the first varactor diode group and the second varactor diode group. Under the condition that the capacitance of the PIN diode unit has deviation, the capacitance of the varactor can be continuously adjustable, so that the deviation of the capacitance in the PIN diode unit can be compensated, the accuracy requirement on the capacitance of the PIN diode unit is reduced, and the problem that the capacitance needs to be selected and replaced is avoided.
In addition, the varactor diode only needs to realize small capacitance, so that only a small capacitance range with higher voltage is needed, and meanwhile, the high-voltage varactor diode is selected, so that the power capability of the varactor diode is greatly improved.
Specifically, each group of PIN diode units consists of PIN diodes, capacitors, inductors and peripheral circuit connections.
Or each group of PIN diode units are formed by connecting double PIN diode direct current series radio frequency in parallel and then through a capacitor and a peripheral circuit; each PIN diode is connected in parallel with a resistor with high resistance for voltage division. The PIN diode unit of this mode needs two feeds, and each PIN diode is connected in parallel with a resistor with high resistance value respectively for uniform voltage division.
The first varactor group and the second varactor group are formed by connecting the varactors back to back and then connecting the varactors with a peripheral circuit. The first varactor group and the second varactor group are connected in series back to back by the varactors, so that the power capability can be further improved. The series connection mode ensures that the radio frequency voltage is equally divided by the serially connected varactors, so that the radio frequency voltage born by each varactor can be halved, and the power capacity is improved to 4 times; the back-to-back series mode greatly reduces even order distortion by phase opposition cancellation. Multiple series connections may also be provided if further power increases are desired. After the mode is adopted, the power capacity can reach the power capacity of the PIN tube type small frequency hopping filter, namely, the power capacity is not damaged by 1W, and the power capacity can be operated to 20dBm without compression.
The back-to-back series connection mode of the varactors of the invention is as follows:
first, the varactor is connected in series back-to-back: the variable capacitance diode comprises four variable capacitance diodes, wherein each two variable capacitance diodes are connected in parallel to form a group of variable capacitance diode units, and the two groups of variable capacitance diode units are connected in series in a back-to-back mode; the back-to-back mode of the two groups of varactor units refers to: the cathode of each varactor in one set of varactor cells is opposite to the cathode of each varactor in the other set of varactor cells.
Second, the varactor is connected in series back-to-back: two varactors are included, each of which is connected in series with the cathodes facing each other.
Third, the back-to-back series connection of varactors means: the positive electrode of each varactor is connected in series in a mode that the positive electrodes are opposite. Wherein the feeding polarities of the second and third modes are different.
Fourth, the back-to-back series connection of varactors means: the variable capacitance diode comprises twelve variable capacitance diodes, wherein every three variable capacitance diodes are connected in parallel to form a group of variable capacitance diode units; in the four groups of varactor units, every two groups of varactor units are connected in series to form a varactor array, and the two varactor arrays are connected in series in a back-to-back mode; the back-to-back manner of two varactor arrays is: the cathode of each varactor in one varactor array is opposite to the cathode of each varactor in the other varactor array;
and each group of the varactor units are respectively connected with a resistor II with high resistance and voltage division in parallel.
In the mode, each group of varactor units is respectively connected with a second resistor with high resistance in parallel for uniform voltage division.
The first matching network and the second matching network are both an inductor. The first matching network and the second matching network of the invention can also be realized in various forms such as low pass.
The coupler is formed by connecting three inductors in a star-shaped mode; or the coupler is an inductor; or the coupler is realized by adopting a resonant inductance through an inductive coupling mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the PIN diode and varactor combined frequency hopping filter adopts a mode of combining the PIN diode and the varactor, and can realize continuous adjustment of the capacitance through the varactor under the condition that the capacitance of the PIN diode unit has deviation, so as to compensate the capacitance deviation, thereby reducing the precision requirement on the capacitance of the PIN diode unit and avoiding the problem of selecting and replacing the capacitance.
2. The PIN diode and varactor diode combined frequency hopping filter can improve the power capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PIN diode and varactor combined frequency hopping filter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a PIN diode and varactor combined frequency hopping filter of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of each PIN diode unit in the second embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a back-to-back series arrangement of varactors in the third embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a back-to-back series arrangement of varactors in the fourth embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a back-to-back series arrangement of varactors in embodiment five;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a PIN diode and varactor diode combined frequency hopping filter of the present invention is connected with a radio frequency input end and a radio frequency output end respectively, and the frequency hopping filter includes a first matching network, a first resonant inductor, a first switched capacitor array, a first varactor diode group, a coupler, a second varactor diode group, a second switched capacitor array, a second resonant inductor and a second matching network which are connected in sequence; the first matching network is connected with the radio frequency input end, and the second matching network is connected with the radio frequency output end.
The frequency hopping filter also comprises a varactor driving circuit, a PIN diode driving circuit and a digital control circuit which is respectively connected with the varactor driving circuit and the PIN diode driving circuit, wherein the varactor driving circuit is respectively connected with a first varactor group and a second varactor group, and the PIN diode driving circuit is respectively connected with a first switch capacitor array and a second switch capacitor array;
the first switch capacitor array and the second switch capacitor array of the frequency hopping filter are formed by parallel connection of two groups of PIN diode units comprising capacitors, the first varactor group and the second varactor group are connected with peripheral circuits through varactors.
Each group of PIN diode units in the first switched capacitor array consists of PIN diodes (VD 1 or VD2, capacitors (C1 or C2), inductors (L4 or L5) and peripheral circuits, and each group of PIN diode units in the second switched capacitor array consists of PIN diodes (VD 11 or VD12, capacitors (C3 or C4), inductors (L11 or L12) and peripheral circuits.
The first varactor group and the second varactor group are formed by serially connecting the varactors back to back and then connecting the varactors with a peripheral circuit. Specifically, in the first varactor group, the varactor diodes are connected in series back to back: the variable capacitance diode comprises four variable capacitance diodes (VD 3, VD4, VD5 and VD 6), wherein two variable capacitance diodes (VD 3 and VD 4) are connected in parallel to form a group of variable capacitance diode units, the other two variable capacitance diodes (VD 5 and VD 6) are connected in parallel to form another group of variable capacitance diode units, and the two groups of variable capacitance diode units are connected in series in a back-to-back mode. The back-to-back mode of the two groups of varactor units refers to: the cathode of each varactor in one group of varactor units (including varactor VD3 and varactor VD 4) is opposite to the cathode of each varactor in the other group of varactor units (including varactor VD5 and varactor VD 6). The first varactor group and the second varactor group are connected in series back to back by the varactors, so that the power capability can be further improved. The series connection mode ensures that the radio frequency voltage is equally divided by the serially connected varactors, so that the radio frequency voltage born by each varactor can be halved, and the power capacity is improved to 4 times; the back-to-back series mode greatly reduces even order distortion by phase opposition cancellation. Multiple series connections may also be provided if further power increases are desired. After the mode is adopted, the power capacity can reach the power capacity of the PIN tube type small frequency hopping filter, namely, the power capacity is not damaged by 1W, and the power capacity can be operated to 20dBm without compression.
The first matching network is an inductor L1, and the second matching network is an inductor L15. And the coupler is formed by connecting three inductors (L7, L9 and L8) in a star-shaped mode. The coupler of the present embodiment may be an inductor; or the coupler is realized by adopting a resonant inductance through an inductive coupling mode.
VC1, VC2, VC5, and VC6 in fig. 2 are outputs connected to PIN switch drive circuits, and VC3 and VC4 are outputs connected to varactor drive circuits.
Example two
The present embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that: the first switch capacitor array and the second switch capacitor array are formed by connecting more than two groups of PIN diode units comprising capacitors in parallel. As shown in fig. 3, each PIN diode unit is formed by connecting a double PIN diode direct current series radio frequency in parallel and then a capacitor and a peripheral circuit, and each PIN diode is respectively connected in parallel with a resistor with high resistance for voltage division. The PIN diode unit of this mode needs two feeds, and each PIN diode is connected in parallel with a resistor with high resistance value respectively for uniform voltage division.
Other structures of this embodiment are identical to those of the embodiment.
Example III
The present embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that: the first varactor group and the second varactor group are formed by connecting the varactors back to back and then connecting the varactors with a peripheral circuit. Wherein, the back-to-back series connection of the varactors means that: as shown in fig. 4, two varactors are included, each of which is connected in series with the cathodes facing each other.
Other structures of this embodiment are identical to those of the embodiment.
Example IV
The present embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that: the first varactor group and the second varactor group are formed by connecting the varactors back to back and then connecting the varactors with a peripheral circuit. Wherein, the back-to-back series connection of the varactors means that: as shown in fig. 5, two varactors are included, each of which is connected in series with the anodes in opposition.
Other structures of this embodiment are identical to those of the embodiment.
Example five
The present embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that: the first varactor group and the second varactor group are formed by connecting the varactors back to back and then connecting the varactors with a peripheral circuit. Wherein, the back-to-back series connection of the varactors means that: the back-to-back series connection of varactors means: as shown in fig. 6, the circuit comprises twelve varactors, wherein every three varactors are connected in parallel to form a group of varactor units; in the four groups of varactor units, every two groups of varactor units are connected in series to form a varactor array, and the two varactor arrays are connected in series in a back-to-back mode; the back-to-back manner of two varactor arrays is: the cathode of each varactor in one varactor array is opposite to the cathode of each varactor in the other varactor array;
each group of varactor units is respectively connected with a resistor II with high resistance and voltage division in parallel. In the mode, each group of varactor units is respectively connected with a second resistor with high resistance in parallel for uniform voltage division.
Other structures of this embodiment are identical to those of the embodiment.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.