CN106887721B - Single polarized multi-beam air-fed antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

Single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna, including planar waveguide, feed battle array and phase-shift structure；Wherein, planar waveguide work is in basic model；Feed battle array and phase-shift structure are located in planar waveguide；The electromagnetic wave that feed paroxysm goes out, the upper and lower surfaces to polarize perpendicular to planar waveguide；Each feed of antenna only irradiates a part of phase-shift structure, and phase-shift structure can provide suitable compensation phase；From one end of feed battle array to the other end, when each feed successively irradiates phase-shift structure, exit direction difference, the preferable fan-shaped beam of gain consistency can be respectively obtained；Present invention firstly provides the single polarization space fed antennas that can be emitted fan-shaped beam；Antenna has the characteristics that wave cover angular range is wide, the simple easy processing of structure.

Description

Single polarized multi-beam air-fed antenna

technical field

The invention belongs to the antenna technical field of wireless communication technology, in particular to a single-polarization multi-beam air-fed antenna.

Background technique

Multi-beam antenna technology has important applications in both communication and radar. The traditional multi-beam antenna is a phased array antenna. However, due to the use of complex feed network and T/R components, the loss of the phased array antenna is high, and the design and processing complexity is relatively large. Afterwards, the researchers applied the Butler matrix to the feed network of the antenna to realize a multi-beam antenna with wide coverage without the need for active structures. However, the loss of the feed network will limit the maximum gain of the antenna design.

Since the air-fed antenna does not use a feed network, it only uses the propagation of electromagnetic waves in space for energy distribution, and is suitable for designing high-gain antennas. However, in the existing air-fed antenna designs, there are only two-dimensional planar structures that generate needle beams.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a single-polarization multi-beam space-fed antenna with a fan-shaped beam pattern.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

The single-polarized multi-beam air-fed antenna includes: a planar waveguide, which is a semi-open structure composed of a side metal plate, a top metal plate and a bottom metal plate; the side metal plate is connected with the top metal plate and the bottom metal plate The plate is vertical; the top metal plate is parallel to the bottom metal plate; the feed source array is a one-dimensional linear array composed of several equally spaced feed sources; the feed source array is used to irradiate the phase shift structure; The phase shift structure is a transmission structure with a phase shift function; the phase shift structure is located between the top metal plate and the bottom metal plate;

The slab waveguide works in the fundamental mode, that is, the electromagnetic wave propagates in the TEM mode in the slab waveguide.

The feed array is located between the top metal plate and the bottom metal plate, close to the side metal plate, the phase shift structure is located on the side away from the side metal plate, and the electromagnetic wave polarization emitted by the feed is perpendicular to the top metal plate and the side metal plate. Substrate sheet metal surface.

The phase shift structure can have a high transmission amplitude (transmission amplitude greater than -3dB) and a wide transmission phase shift range at the operating frequency point by adjusting certain parameters in the structure (structural size, dielectric constant of the medium, etc.) (transmission phase shift range greater than 90 degrees) performance.

The feed illuminates only a portion of the phase-shifted structure and produces a fan-shaped beam pattern.

From one end of the feed source array 2 to the other end, when each feed source 4 irradiates the phase-shift structure 3 sequentially, fan-shaped beams with different outgoing directions and better gain consistency can be obtained respectively.

The invention proposes for the first time a single-polarized space-fed antenna that can emit fan-shaped beams, and the antenna has the characteristics of wide beam coverage angle range, simple structure and easy processing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows a three-dimensional structure diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows a partially enlarged view of position A in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 shows the energy distribution on the phase shift structure when the first feed source is excited in the first implementation example of the present invention.

Fig. 4 shows the energy distribution on the phase shift structure when the fourth feed source is excited in the first implementation example of the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows the E-plane direction diagram of the implementation example when the first feed source or the eighth feed source is excited in the first implementation example of the present invention.

Fig. 6 shows the E-plane direction diagram of the implementation example when the fourth feed source or the fifth feed source is excited in the first implementation example of the present invention.

Fig. 7 shows the H plane direction diagram of the implementation example when the first feed source to the eighth feed source are sequentially excited respectively in the first implementation example of the present invention.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 shows a partially enlarged view of position A in Fig. 8 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The implementation of the technical solution of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1: the working center frequency of the antenna is 5.8Ghz, and the overall structure is symmetrical about the Y axis; the antenna is composed of a planar waveguide 1, a feed array 2 and a phase shift structure 3; Wherein, the slab waveguide 1 is a semi-open structure composed of a side metal plate 11, a top metal plate 12 and a bottom metal plate 13; the side metal plate 11 is 500 mm long and 25 mm high; the top metal plate 12 and the bottom metal plate The metal plates 13 have the same size, the length is 500mm, and the width is 183mm; the feed array 2 and the phase shift structure 3 are located in the planar waveguide 1; the feed array 2 is composed of 8 feed sources 4, and the numbers are #1, # 2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8. The electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source 4 is polarized perpendicular to the surface of the top metal plate 12 and the bottom metal plate 13 of the slab waveguide 1; the slab waveguide 1 works in the fundamental mode, and the electromagnetic field emitted by the feed source 4 propagates in the slab waveguide 1 in TEM mode; The electromagnetic wave energy emitted by the feed source 4 is mainly concentrated on part of the phase shift structure 3 .

The feed source 4 of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2, which adopts the feeding form of a probe 41; the height of the probe 41 is 11 mm; the side metal plate 11 of the planar waveguide 1 and the partition 42 form a back cavity, Constrain the energy distribution of electromagnetic waves emitted from the feed 4; the partitions 42 are 14 mm wide and 25 mm high; the distance between adjacent partitions 42 is 34 mm.

The energy of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the first feed 4 in the first embodiment of the present invention is mainly distributed in half of the phase shift structure 3, and is located on the far left, as shown in Figure 3; the first embodiment of the present invention The energy of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the four feeds 4 is mainly distributed in half of the phase shift structure 3, and is close to the left, as shown in Figure 4; the distance between the center of the phase shift structure 3 and the side metal plate 11 is 173 mm; the phase shift structure 3 The distance between them is 25mm; the phase shift structure 3 moves from the +X axis along the -X axis direction, and the compensation phases of the phase shift structure 3 located at the +X axis are -67°, -39°, 0°, -279°, -178°, -55°, -270°, -105°, -258°, -40°.

According to the antenna designed in the above manner, when the 1st feed source 4 or the 8th feed source 4 of the first embodiment of the present invention are excited, the E plane pattern of the implementation example is as shown in Figure 5; when the first embodiment of the present invention When the 4th feed source or the 5th feed source of an embodiment is excited, the E plane pattern of the implementation example is shown in Fig. 6 . As the position of the excited port of the feed source 4 moves from the outside to the center, the pattern of the E plane gradually becomes wider; The H plane pattern of the example is shown in Figure 7, and the coverage angle of the 8 beams reaches ±42°.

The implementation of the technical solution of the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 8: the antenna is composed of a slab waveguide 1, a feed array 2 and a phase shift structure 3; wherein the slab waveguide 1 is composed of a side metal plate 11, a A semi-open structure composed of a top metal plate 12 and a bottom metal plate 13; the feed array 2 and the phase shift structure 3 are located in the planar waveguide 1; the feed array 2 is composed of a plurality of feed sources 4, and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed sources 4, The polarization is perpendicular to the surface of the top metal plate 12 and the bottom metal plate 13 of the slab waveguide 1; the slab waveguide 1 works in the fundamental mode, and the electromagnetic field emitted by the feed source 4 propagates in the TEM mode in the slab waveguide 1; the electromagnetic wave energy emitted by the feed source 4 Mainly focus on the partial phase shift structure 3; the structure of the embodiment is symmetrical about the y-axis.

The feed source 4 of the second embodiment of the present invention adopts a waveguide feed form, as shown in FIG. 9 .

In summary, the present invention proposes a single-polarized multi-beam air-fed antenna with a fan-shaped beam pattern, which has the characteristics of wide beam coverage angle range, simple structure and easy processing, etc., and is expected to be applied to the fifth generation mobile communication base station in the future antenna.

Claims (10)

1. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna characterized by comprising

Planar waveguide (1), for by a side metal plate (11), a top-level metallic plate (12) and a underlying metal plate (13) The semi-open structure constituted；The side metal plate (11) is vertical with top-level metallic plate (12) and underlying metal plate (13)；It is described Top-level metallic plate (12) is parallel with underlying metal plate (13)；

Phase-shift structure (3), between top-level metallic plate (12) and underlying metal plate (13), for change Electromgnetically-transparent phase The transmittance structure of bit function；

Feed battle array (2), for irradiating the phase-shift structure (3), the feed (4) equidistantly to be arranged by several constitutes one-dimensional Linear array.

2. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that planar waveguide (1) work exists Basic model, i.e. electromagnetic wave are propagated in a tem mode in planar waveguide (1).

3. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed battle array (2) is located at top layer Between metal plate (12) and underlying metal plate (13), the polarization of ele that feed (4) issues perpendicular to top-level metallic plate (12) and Underlying metal plate (13) surface.

4. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by adjusting the phase-shift structure (3) parameter in keeps it big greater than the highly transmissive amplitude of -3dB and transmission phase shift range with transmission amplitude at working frequency points In the performance of 90 degree of wide transmission phase shift range.

5. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed (4) only irradiates phase shift A part of structure (3), and generate fan-shaped beam directional diagram.

6. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that from one end of feed battle array (2) to another One end respectively obtains the different fan-shaped beam of exit direction when each feed (4) successively irradiates phase-shift structure (3).

7. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electromagnetism that the feed (4) issues Wave energy is concentrated mainly on part phase-shift structure (3).

8. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed (4) uses probe (41) form is fed；Side metal plate (11) and partition (42) composition back chamber, constrain the energy for the electromagnetic wave launched from feed (4) Amount distribution.

9. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the end motivated with feed (4) Mouth position is mobile from outer side to center, and the face E directional diagram gradually broadens；When the 1st feed to the 8th feed is successively motivated respectively When, in the directional diagram of the face H, 8 wave cover angles reach ± 42 °.

10. single polarization multi-beam space fed antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed (4) is presented using waveguide Electric form.