CN107238649B - In-situ detection and chelation capture and treatment device for heavy metals in farmland soil and its application - Google Patents
In-situ detection and chelation capture and treatment device for heavy metals in farmland soil and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN107238649B CN107238649B CN201610224383.XA CN201610224383A CN107238649B CN 107238649 B CN107238649 B CN 107238649B CN 201610224383 A CN201610224383 A CN 201610224383A CN 107238649 B CN107238649 B CN 107238649B
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种农田土壤重金属原位检测及螯合捕集治理一体化装置及其应用方法，该装置由八大部分组成，分别为电源系统、控制系统、输出系统、泵管系统、滤水系统、检测系统、螯合系统及重金属活化剂添加系统，可实现土壤水溶液重金属污染因子螯合捕集功能、重金属原位检测、稀释测试及加标校验功能、人机交互功能。该一体化装置应用方法具有土壤重金属活化剂添加、土壤重金属螯合处理及最终施加有机质回不农田微量元素螯合损失的特征性步骤。本发明主要优点：通过泵提、土壤重金属活化和螯合处理的方法有效去除土壤水溶液中重金属。
The present invention discloses an integrated device for in-situ detection and chelation capture of heavy metals in farmland soil and its application method. The device consists of eight parts, namely a power supply system, a control system, an output system, a pump system, a water filtration system, a detection system, a chelation system and a heavy metal activator addition system. It can realize the chelation capture function of heavy metal pollution factors in soil aqueous solution, in-situ detection of heavy metals, dilution test and spike verification function, and human-computer interaction function. The application method of the integrated device has the characteristic steps of adding soil heavy metal activator, soil heavy metal chelation treatment and finally applying organic matter to recover the chelation loss of trace elements in farmland. The main advantages of the present invention are: effective removal of heavy metals in soil aqueous solution by pumping, soil heavy metal activation and chelation treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil heavy metal pollution treatment, and particularly relates to an in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment device for farmland soil heavy metals and application thereof.
Background
Soil is a complex multiphase dynamic open system, mainly comprising solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase and biological phase. The ecological function of the soil is the representation of the dynamic process of the mutual connection and mutual restriction of substances in a soil multiphase system. Soil pollution is a significant cause of deterioration or even loss of ecological functions of soil. The large amount of clay minerals, organic matters and the like contained in the solid phase of the soil can effectively absorb various pollution factors entering the soil, so that accumulation occurs in the soil, and when the accumulation exceeds a certain amount, the output of the soil system directly or indirectly damages the biological system until the human body is healthy, namely the soil is polluted.
The heavy metal pollution situation of the soil in China is quite severe. According to statistics of the agricultural department, the soil area of heavy metal pollution in China reaches tens of millions of hectares, and accounts for more than l0% of the total area of cultivated land, the annual grain polluted by the heavy metal in China reaches 1.2X10 7 tons, the yield of the grain is reduced by 10 7 tons due to the heavy metal pollution, and the total economic loss is at least 200 hundred million yuan; heavy metal pollution events and the like which occur around 2009 in national soil pollution Condition investigation publication issued by April 2014. All the above shows that the heavy metal pollution of soil has become a serious environmental problem related to economic and social sustainable development, and has attracted extensive social attention.
However, the soil heavy metal pollution treatment is more difficult than the water body and the atmosphere heavy metal pollution treatment. The difficulty in soil heavy metal pollution treatment is as follows: firstly, the soil is usually subjected to composite pollution in which a plurality of heavy metals exist simultaneously, and the heavy metals exist in the soil in various forms, so that the soil texture, organic matters, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, biological system and other environmental factors and the soil heavy metal form have complex correlation effects; second, the soil matrix composition is more complex than water, atmosphere, and the heavy metal content is usually in the order of milligrams per kilogram, micrograms per kilogram; third, the ecological functionality of the soil should be maintained during soil remediation to maintain biological survival. The treatment difficulty shows that the strategy of stabilizing the heavy metal elements in the soil by adding the medicament can lead to unsatisfactory final treatment effect due to different stabilizing effects of different heavy metals, and in addition, the stabilized heavy metals have the risks of activation and influence of chemical medicaments on the ecological functions of the soil environment in the natural environment.
However, intensive researches show that the water-soluble state and the exchange state in the heavy metal form of farmland soil can reach more than 60% of the total amount of the heavy metals, the specific gravity can reach more than 80% after the heavy metals in the soil are activated, and the water-soluble state and the exchange state heavy metals are the main risk sources which are most easily absorbed, adsorbed and accumulated by organisms; in addition, under the influence of environmental conditions, the carbonate-bound state, organic-bound state and ferro-manganese-bound state heavy metals in the soil can be converted into water-soluble state and exchange state, and the residual heavy metal elements are stable and basically not released under natural conditions. Therefore, the chelate resin is adopted to extract and remove the water-soluble and exchange heavy metals in the soil, thereby becoming a potential feasible strategy for removing the heavy metal pollution of the soil.
Heavy metal chelate resins are a class of polymeric compounds that include a backbone and chelating functional groups. The mechanism of trapping heavy metals by chelating resin is as follows: the chelating group in the chelating resin has N, O, P, S and other atoms in the chelating group and the empty orbit of metal ion in the form of coordination complex with lone pair electron to form stable structure, thus capturing and fixing heavy metal.
The currently widely accepted method for treating heavy metal pollution is a plant extraction method. The method is similar to the plant extraction method in that the treatment is carried out by removing water-soluble and exchange-state heavy metal ions in soil, so that the aim of removing the heavy metal environmental risk is fulfilled. The method is characterized in that the phytoremediation is a bioremediation mode, the enrichment is influenced by biomass of organisms, the enrichment speed is low, and the method is influenced by biological habitat conditions and growth conditions, is difficult to treat high-concentration heavy metal pollution, is difficult to edit the attribute of the biologically enriched heavy metal species and the like; the chelate trapping treatment method is a chemical treatment method, and has the advantages of high chelate heavy metal content, high chelate speed, wide reaction condition range, capability of treating high-concentration heavy metal pollution, easiness in editing the heavy metal trapping property of the chelate resin by editing the functional group of the chelate resin, activatable recycling of the chelate resin and the like. Finally, the chelating and trapping treatment technology does not have great influence on the soil environment condition, does not occupy a large amount of area and space, and is easy to combine with other repair and treatment technologies, such as phytoremediation, electric remediation and the like, in the technical implementation process.
In addition, in the farmland heavy metal pollution treatment process, the heavy metal pollution condition and the treatment effect are evaluated by collecting soil samples and returning the soil samples to a laboratory for detection and analysis, the detection, analysis and evaluation method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the residue heavy metal without environmental risk is introduced into an evaluation system to influence the evaluation result.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the problems occurring in the prior art.
Farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment device and application thereof, characterized in that:
The farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment integrated device consists of eight parts, namely a power supply system, a control system, an output system, a pump pipe system, a water filtering system, a detection system, a chelation system and a heavy metal activator adding system.
The power supply system is provided with an alternating current interface and a direct current interface and is used for providing power for the whole device;
The control system comprises a sensor module, an MCU module and a communication module, and is used for sampling, detecting, data acquisition, data analysis, data output, interactive signal transmission, a pump pipe system and other system signals; the communication module comprises a wired communication interface, a wireless communication module and a GPS module;
The output system is connected with the mobile terminal and/or the computer host through wires or wirelessly to realize the transmission output functions of communication signals such as control, data and the like;
The pump pipe system consists of a pipe, a pump and a valve which are connected with the ceramic filter, the detection system and the chelating system and is responsible for water body transmission and metering in the device;
the water filtering system mainly comprises a ceramic filter, a water level gauge and a pump pipe system and is used for filtering soil water solution; the ceramic filter is formed by casting a ceramic filter membrane with the aperture of 10-200 mu m;
The detection system comprises a three-electrode system, an electromagnetic stirring system, a labeling system and the like, and realizes the detection function of on-site soil information parameters; the three-electrode system can select a targeted electrode according to the field detection requirement, and can measure the field soil information parameters such as heavy metal elements, oxidation-reduction potential, pH and the like by adopting different electrodes; the labeling system comprises a standard stock solution pool and a precise injection pump capable of precisely injecting 1 mu L;
The chelating system consists of a heavy metal chelating column pipe and a water outlet buffer pool and is responsible for chelating and capturing heavy metal ions; the chelating column tube is internally provided with solid insoluble chelating fibers or chelating resin; the water outlet buffer tank is provided with a guide pipe and a water outlet pipe, the guide pipe is positioned at the bottom, and the water body after the chelation treatment is pumped to the detection tank by the metering pump for reinspection; the upper water outlet pipe outputs a water body reaching the standard;
the heavy metal activator adding system consists of an activator storage pool and a pump pipe system and is connected to the downstream of a water outlet pipe of the water outlet buffer pool.
The farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment integrated device has the following implementation functions:
The chelating and trapping functions of the heavy metal pollution factors of the soil aqueous solution: pumping the water in the ceramic filter tank to a chelating column pipe in a pumping mode, and discharging the water body to a water outlet buffer tank after chelating treatment and then discharging;
in-situ detection function: ① In situ detection/recheck: pumping the water body in the ceramic filter tank/the water outlet buffer tank to a detection tank by a metering pump, detecting heavy metals by adopting an anode dissolution method, pumping the detected water body to a chelating column pipe for treatment, and discharging; ② And (3) marking and checking: quantitatively extracting standard stock solution by a precision injection pump to perform marking verification on the water sample; ③ Dilution test: firstly, quantitatively extracting the chelate treatment water which is qualified in test to a detection pool to dilute the raw water sample, and then detecting.
Control interaction function: the sensor module transmits detection data information, water level information, water pressure information, water quantity information, power supply information, control signal information and the like to the MCU module, and the communication module outputs signal data to the mobile terminal and/or the host computer by adopting wires or wireless; or signals are input from the mobile terminal and/or the computer host, and are input to the MCU module through the communication module, and the MCU module redistributes the signals to corresponding components.
The application method of the farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation treatment integrated device comprises the following steps:
a, deep ploughing and leveling farmland soil, and setting buried points according to the treatment scale and the influence range of the device;
b, burying the device in farmland soil, wherein the burying depth of the microporous ceramic filter is at least more than 30cm deeper than the pollution depth of farmland soil;
c, irrigating the farmland, and keeping the water level higher than the surface of the farmland by at least 5 cm;
d, after the device is set, adding a soil heavy metal activator into farmland soil at regular intervals;
e, when the water level of the microporous ceramic filter tank reaches a preset height, the device can be opened;
f, closing the device when the heavy metal content of water in the microporous ceramic filter tank reaches a preset treatment standard for 2 hours continuously, and finishing the restoration of the heavy metal in the soil of the area;
and g, applying humus into the soil to supplement the loss of the heavy metal chelating resin on the trace element trapping of the soil, so as to ensure the ecological functionality of the soil.
The integrated device for farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment is provided with the ceramic filter for filtering the soil water solution, and can be connected with a single ceramic filter independent system or a plurality of ceramic filters simultaneously for increasing the treatment scale of the chelation system.
The detection system of the integrated device adopts a detection system based on an anode dissolution method, and has the functions of detection, dilution detection, re-detection and standard adding verification, the dilution detection effectively widens the whole measurement range of the integrated device, and the standard adding verification function effectively increases the data reliability of the integrated device.
The invention relates to an integrated device for in-situ detection, chelation and trapping treatment of farmland soil heavy metals, which is provided with a heavy metal chelation column tube, wherein heavy metal chelation resin is filled in the column tube, the chelation resin functional groups comprise hydrophilic functional groups and heavy metal chelation functional groups, and the hydrophilic functional groups can consist of one or more of hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, sulfuric acid groups, phosphoric acid groups, amino groups, quaternary ammonium groups, amide groups, ether groups, carboxylic acid esters, aldehyde groups and the like; the heavy metal chelating functionality may be comprised of one or more groups including, but not limited to, mercapto groups, sulfonic acid groups, amino groups, aminocarboxylic acid groups, oxime groups (oxime groups, hydroxamic groups, amidoxime groups, etc.), crown ether groups (monocyclic crown ether groups, hole ether groups, heterocyclic crown ether groups, etc.), azo groups, salicylic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, phosphonite groups, pyridine groups, maleic acid cyclophthalate trap groups, ortho-hydroxyl bearing schiff base groups, triazole groups, triazinyl groups, aminothioformate groups, thiourea groups, hydroxyquinoline groups, mercapto amine groups, guanidine groups, pyrrolinone groups, hydroxyaminocarbonyl groups, hydrazine groups, β -diketone groups, etc.
The integrated device for farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment has a man-machine interaction function, and can integrally operate and output data through a wired or wireless mobile terminal or a computer control system.
The invention relates to an application method of an integrated device for farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment, which comprises the step of periodically adding a soil heavy metal activator, wherein the soil heavy metal activator is a compound which is easy to degrade naturally in a soil environment, such as citric acid and the like, the activator is in a liquid form, the main purpose is to extract heavy metal from a soil solid phase to a soil solution, the chelation capacity of the heavy metal is smaller than that of a selected solid chelating resin, the type of the activator is selected according to the type of heavy metal in the soil, the addition amount of the activator is determined according to the concentration of various heavy metals in the soil, the addition period is 3-5 times the half-life period of the activator in the soil, and the addition of the activator does not influence the ecological functionality of the soil.
The integrated device for farmland soil heavy metal in-situ detection and chelation trapping treatment can be applied to underground water heavy metal pollution treatment, and only a ceramic filter system is needed to be embedded in an underground water pollution layer in the application process, so that underground water pollution is treated in a pumping mode.
The heavy metal elements in the application method of the invention comprise: copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, mercury, arsenic, antimony, chromium, manganese, gold, silver, thallium, uranium, and the like.
The anodic stripping voltammetry adopted by the invention is one of the stripping voltammetry with highest test sensitivity, and the test process comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out constant potential electrolysis on a tested substance under proper voltage, reducing trace substances in a sample under stirring, and depositing on an anode; then, reverse scanning voltage is applied to the two electrodes to oxidize and dissolve the metal ions deposited on the anode, so that a larger peak current is formed, the current is directly proportional to the concentration of the detected substance, and the detection of heavy metal elements is realized.
The mechanism of trapping heavy metals by the chelate resin is as follows: the chelating trapping material has its chelating group with N, O, P, S and other atoms in the lone pair electron and the empty orbit of metal ion in coordination complex to form stable structure for trapping and fixing heavy metal.
The reaction of the chelate resin and the heavy metal element can be realized through the following general formula:
bMa++A→P↓+aNb+
M represents heavy metal elements, A represents chelating resin, P represents a sedimentation product after trapping, N represents exchange ions, and a and b represent chemical valence.
The time range of the integrated device buried in the soil is 1-360 days, and the pollution degree of the heavy metal in the soil is considered.
The invention has the main advantages that:
1) The heavy metal in the soil aqueous solution is effectively removed by a pump extraction method, a soil heavy metal activation method and a chelating treatment method, so that a main heavy metal risk source in the soil is effectively eliminated, and soil disturbance and secondary environmental risk factors are avoided;
2) The heavy metal pollution condition in the soil aqueous solution can be mastered in real time, and the heavy metal pollution treatment effect can be estimated in real time;
3) Chelating resin can be selected according to different heavy metal types, so that the compound heavy metal pollution with different degrees can be effectively treated;
4) The heavy metal trapping agent after treatment can be re-activated for use or treated in other modes;
5) The method is little affected by environmental conditions, simple and easy to operate, high in treatment speed, good in effect and low in economic cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated device for in-situ detection and chelation, trapping and treatment of heavy metals in farmland soil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated device for in-situ detection and chelation, trapping and treatment of heavy metals in farmland soil with multiple filters.
Wherein 1 is a drain pipe; 2 is an integrated device; 3 is a ceramic filter; 4 is a water-retaining layer; 5 is the soil surface layer; 6 is a polluted soil layer; 7 is a plow bottom layer; 8 is a soil bottom layer; 9 is a pump pipe; 10 is a data line.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings:
The invention is mainly suitable for detection and chelation trapping treatment of heavy metal ions in farmlands and groundwater bodies. The integrated device 2 of the invention consists of eight parts, namely a power supply system, a control system, an output system, a pump pipe system, a water filtering system, a detection system, a chelating system and a heavy metal activator adding system;
the power supply system is connected with the control system and the computer host, the mobile terminal is connected with the control system in a wireless mode, and the computer host is connected with the control system;
The control system is also connected with the MCU module, the communication module and the sensor module; the sensor module is connected with the pump pipe system, the activator adding system, the chelating system, the detection system and the water filtering system;
Example 1:
800kg of cadmium-polluted farmland soil is placed in a bricked pond with the volume of 1m multiplied by 1m, and as shown in figure 1, a ceramic filter 3 in an integrated device 2 with the volume of 60L is buried in the center of the soil in the pond.
The drain pipe 1 is connected with the integrated device 2, the integrated device 2 is connected with the ceramic filter tank 3, the ceramic filter tank 3 is buried in soil in a water pool, the uppermost layer of soil is a water-retaining layer 4, a soil surface layer 5 is arranged below the water-retaining layer 4, a polluted soil layer 6 is arranged below the soil surface layer 5, a plough bottom layer 7 is arranged below the polluted soil layer 6, and the plough bottom layer 7 is a soil bottom layer 8.
And (3) pouring water into the water tank, starting the integrated device, detecting the water level in the ceramic filter tank by adopting the mobile terminal, and continuously pouring water until the water body is 5 cm higher than the soil surface after the ceramic filter tank is full of water.
The mobile terminal sends out a chelation trapping instruction, the pump pipe system pumps the water body in the ceramic filter tank to the chelation column pipe, and the water body after chelation treatment is input into the water tank soil system again through the water outlet buffer tank and the drain pipe.
The mobile terminal sends an activator adding instruction, and the pump pipe system quantitatively extracts 3mmol/L EGTA solution in the activator storage pool to the drain pipe and outputs the EGTA solution and the drain water together.
The mobile terminal sends out a detection instruction, the pump pipe system automatically and quantitatively extracts the water body in the ceramic filter tank to the detection tank, an electrode in the detection tank detects the water body by adopting an anodic stripping voltammetry, detection information is fed back to the mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal obtains the concentration of heavy metals by comparing the detection information with a built-in standard curve. And after detection, the waste liquid is automatically pumped to the chelating column tube.
The mobile terminal sends out a quantitative standard adding instruction, the precise injection pump injects standard stock solution into the detection tank according to the adding requirement of the instruction, then the detection electrode detects the water body, and feeds back detection information to the mobile terminal. The labeling instruction improves the reliability of the device inspection result.
The mobile terminal sends out a quantitative dilution instruction, the pump pipe system quantitatively pumps the water body in the ceramic filter tank and the water body in the water outlet buffer tank to the detection tank, quantitatively stirs and mixes, then the detection electrode detects the water body, and feeds back detection information to the mobile terminal. The dilution instruction widens the inspection range of the heavy metal of the equipment.
The mobile terminal sends out a rechecking instruction, the pump pipe system automatically and quantitatively pumps water in the water outlet buffer pool to the detection pool, then the detection electrode detects the water, and the detection information is fed back to the mobile terminal. If the recheck result exceeds the expected standard, the chelating column tube needs to be replaced or checked.
The treatment scale of the integrated equipment is 5L/h, after the integrated equipment runs continuously for 5 days, the cadmium content of the water body in the ceramic filter tank is lower than 0.1 mug/L, and the heavy metal cadmium content in soil is reduced from 2.09mg/kg to 0.48mg/kg, so that the removal rate of 77.03% is realized.
Example 2:
As shown in fig. 2, 3 ceramic filters of an integrated device with a volume of 60L were buried in cadmium-polluted farmland soil, and a water level gauge data line 10 and a pump pipe 9 in the ceramic filters were connected in parallel with the integrated device.
And (3) irrigating water into the farmland to a height 10cm higher than the soil surface, starting the device after one day, detecting the water level in the ceramic filter tank, and starting the chelating system after the water level requirement is met.
This example was similar to example 1, except that 3mmol/L EGTA was used as the activator, and the treatment scale of the integrated apparatus was increased to 30L/h, and two ceramic filters were added. After the continuous operation is carried out for 10 days, the cadmium content of the water body in the ceramic filter tank is lower than 0.1 mug/L, the heavy metal cadmium content in the farmland soil in the area is reduced to 0.37mg/kg from 1.12mg/kg, and the removal rate is as high as 66.96%.
The restoration is finally followed by applying manure to the farmland soil at a rate of 300 kg/ha.
Finally, it should be noted that the purpose of the disclosed embodiments is to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various alternatives and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but rather the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
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