CN107280860A - A kind of set composite for having electric field application and drainage concurrently - Google Patents
A kind of set composite for having electric field application and drainage concurrently Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 29
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000037311 normal skin Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000028990 Skin injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010072170 Skin wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026137 Soft tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010048038 Wound infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001339 epidermal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/05—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads specially adapted for use with sub-pressure or over-pressure therapy, wound drainage or wound irrigation, e.g. for use with negative-pressure wound therapy [NPWT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/84—Drainage tubes; Aspiration tips
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/88—Draining devices having means for processing the drained fluid, e.g. an absorber
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/90—Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0468—Specially adapted for promoting wound healing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
- A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/205—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents for promoting a biological process
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/04—Skin
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置，包括含有导线的吸盘式引流管，碳纤维正极圈、碳纤维负极、泡沫敷料和贴膜。所述含有导线的吸盘式引流管包括绝缘套管、引流罐连接口和吸盘式引流口，绝缘套管内含负极导线、负压引流管和正极导线。所述碳纤维正极圈与引流管正极导线相连，碳纤维负极与引流管负极导线相连，碳纤维正极圈置于伤口外圈正常皮肤，碳纤维负极置于伤口中心，连接直流电源后可形成外正内负的环形电场。泡沫敷料和贴膜用于封闭引流。本发明装置在与负压和直流电源信号连接后，兼具伤口负压引流功能和为伤口提供直流电场功能，可协同促进创面愈合，在保证功能的同时装置的体积小，简单便捷。
The invention discloses a composite device with the functions of electric field application and drainage, which comprises a sucker-type drainage tube containing wires, a carbon fiber positive pole ring, a carbon fiber negative pole, a foam dressing and a sticking film. The suction cup type drainage tube containing wires includes an insulating sleeve, a connection port of a drainage tank and a suction cup type drainage port, and the insulating sleeve contains a negative electrode wire, a negative pressure drainage tube and a positive electrode wire. The carbon fiber positive pole is connected to the positive lead wire of the drainage tube, the carbon fiber negative pole is connected to the negative pole lead of the drainage tube, the carbon fiber positive pole circle is placed on the normal skin in the outer circle of the wound, and the carbon fiber negative pole is placed in the center of the wound. After connecting the DC power supply, an outer positive inner negative can be formed. ring electric field. Foam dressings and films are used to seal the drainage. After the device of the invention is connected with the negative pressure and DC power signal, it has both the function of negative pressure drainage of the wound and the function of providing a DC electric field for the wound, and can synergistically promote wound healing. While ensuring the function, the device is small in size, simple and convenient.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及负压引流装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置。The invention relates to the technical field of negative pressure drainage devices, in particular to a composite device with the functions of electric field application and drainage.
背景技术Background technique
急性皮肤软组织伤是常见的创伤种类。不同位置的皮肤创伤、各种各样的致伤因素以及不同的创面恢复情况等都可能会导致伤口情况复杂，出现创面感染、血供障碍等各种问题。Acute skin and soft tissue injury is a common type of trauma. Skin wounds at different locations, various injury factors, and different wound recovery conditions may lead to complex wound conditions, wound infection, blood supply disorders, and other problems.
负压引流管是负压治疗过程中不可缺少的一环。一定强度的持续或间断性创面封闭负压治疗可以明显加快血管生成，肉芽再生并减少感染，从而加快创面愈合。目前，普通的创面封闭负压引流技术已经在临床上得到极大的应用并取得良好的效果。Negative pressure drainage tube is an indispensable link in the process of negative pressure therapy. A certain intensity of continuous or intermittent wound sealing negative pressure therapy can significantly accelerate angiogenesis, granulation regeneration and reduce infection, thereby accelerating wound healing. At present, the common wound sealing negative pressure drainage technology has been widely used clinically and achieved good results.
目前国内外对电场在伤口愈合方面的研究愈发成熟，已有多篇文献报道电场对创面表皮细胞增殖、爬行及成纤维细胞的排列均起到良好的促进作用。然而如何将电场与负压技术协同，应用于创面，促进创面愈合仍然存在技术上的问题。At present, the research on electric field in wound healing at home and abroad is becoming more and more mature. There have been many literatures reporting that electric field can promote the proliferation and crawling of wound epidermal cells and the arrangement of fibroblasts. However, there are still technical problems in how to apply electric field and negative pressure technology to wounds to promote wound healing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite device with the functions of electric field application and drainage.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置，包括含有导线的吸盘式引流管，碳纤维正极圈，碳纤维负极，泡沫敷料和贴膜；The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a composite device with the functions of electric field application and drainage, including a sucker type drainage tube containing wires, a carbon fiber positive pole ring, a carbon fiber negative pole, a foam dressing and a film;
所述兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置包括碳纤维正极圈8，碳纤维负极9，含有导线的吸盘式引流管10，泡沫敷料11和贴膜12；The composite device having the functions of electric field application and drainage includes a carbon fiber positive pole ring 8, a carbon fiber negative pole 9, a sucker type drainage tube 10 containing wires, a foam dressing 11 and a film 12;
含有导线的吸盘式引流管10：导线位于引流管两侧绝缘室内，正、负极导线一端分别连接碳纤维正极圈和碳纤维负极，另一端连接直流电源信号的正、负极；Suction cup type drainage tube 10 containing wires: the wires are located in the insulation chamber on both sides of the drainage tube, one end of the positive and negative wires is respectively connected to the carbon fiber positive circle and the carbon fiber negative pole, and the other end is connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC power signal;
碳纤维正极圈8：为环形，与含有导线的吸盘式引流管10正极导线相连，置于伤口外圈皮肤边缘；Carbon fiber positive coil 8: ring-shaped, connected to the positive lead of the sucker type drainage tube 10 containing the lead, and placed on the skin edge of the outer circle of the wound;
碳纤维负极9：与含有导线的吸盘式引流管10负极导线相连，置于伤口中心；Carbon fiber negative electrode 9: connected with the suction cup type drainage tube 10 negative electrode wire containing the wire, placed in the center of the wound;
泡沫敷料11和贴膜12：用于创面封闭引流。Foam dressing 11 and film 12: used for wound sealing and drainage.
进一步，所述含有导线的吸盘式引流管10包括绝缘套管5，绝缘套管的一端含引流罐连接口1，绝缘套管的另一端含吸盘式引流口6。Further, the suction cup type drainage tube 10 containing wires includes an insulating sleeve 5 , one end of the insulating sleeve contains a drainage tank connection port 1 , and the other end of the insulating sleeve contains a suction cup type drainage port 6 .
进一步，所述碳纤维正极圈8和碳纤维负极9均由碳纤维材料构成，碳纤维材料具有低电阻，低产热，无电化学反应，高电导率等优点。Further, the carbon fiber positive electrode ring 8 and the carbon fiber negative electrode 9 are both made of carbon fiber material, which has the advantages of low resistance, low heat generation, no electrochemical reaction, and high electrical conductivity.
进一步，所述绝缘套管5为被分隔成三个子空间，分别含负极导线2、正极导线4以及负压引流管3；中间为负压引流管3，负极导线2与正极导线4分别置于负压引流管3的两侧，空间的其余部分填充聚丙烯网状填充物7，保证三者互相干扰。。Further, the insulating sleeve 5 is divided into three subspaces, respectively containing the negative lead wire 2, the positive lead wire 4 and the negative pressure drainage tube 3; the negative pressure drain tube 3 is in the middle, and the negative lead wire 2 and the positive lead lead 4 are placed Both sides of the negative pressure drainage tube 3 and the rest of the space are filled with polypropylene mesh filler 7 to ensure that the three interfere with each other. .
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
1.本装置与负压和直流电源连接后，可以同时发挥伤口负压引流功能和为伤口提供直流电场功能，在保证功能的同时装置的体积小，简单便捷。1. After the device is connected with negative pressure and DC power supply, it can simultaneously play the function of wound negative pressure drainage and provide DC electric field for the wound. While ensuring the function, the device is small in size, simple and convenient.
2.通过本装置，可实现负压和电场促进组织修复作用的有机协同，显著提升组织修复的效率和质量。2. Through this device, the organic synergy of negative pressure and electric field to promote tissue repair can be realized, and the efficiency and quality of tissue repair can be significantly improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中：In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置。Figure 1 is a composite device with the functions of electric field application and drainage.
图2为含有导线的吸盘式引流管。Figure 2 shows a suction cup drain with wires.
图3为含有导线的吸盘式引流管横截面。Figure 3 is a cross-section of a suction cup drain with wires.
图4为碳纤维正极圈结构图；Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a carbon fiber positive coil;
图5为碳纤维负极结构图。Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a carbon fiber negative electrode.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下将结合附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述；应当理解，优选实施例仅为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; it should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置由2个部分构成。图中8为碳纤维正极圈，图中9为碳纤维负极，图中10为含有导线的吸盘式引流管，图中11为泡沫敷料，图中12为贴膜。As shown in Figure 1, the composite device with the functions of electric field application and drainage consists of two parts. 8 in the figure is a carbon fiber positive electrode ring, 9 in the figure is a carbon fiber negative electrode, 10 in the figure is a sucker type drainage tube containing a wire, 11 in the figure is a foam dressing, and 12 in the figure is a film.
如图2所示，含有导线的吸盘式引流管包括：引流罐连接口1、负极导线2、负压引流管3、正极导线4、PVC绝缘套管5和吸盘式引流口6。As shown in FIG. 2 , the sucker-type drainage tube containing wires includes: drainage tank connection port 1 , negative-electrode wire 2 , negative-pressure drainage tube 3 , positive-electrode wire 4 , PVC insulating sleeve 5 and suction-cup type drainage port 6 .
所述兼具电场施加和引流作用的复合装置包括碳纤维正极圈8，碳纤维负极9，含有导线的吸盘式引流管10，泡沫敷料11和贴膜12；The composite device having the functions of electric field application and drainage includes a carbon fiber positive pole ring 8, a carbon fiber negative pole 9, a sucker type drainage tube 10 containing wires, a foam dressing 11 and a film 12;
含有导线的吸盘式引流管10：导线位于引流管两侧绝缘室内，正、负极导线一端分别连接碳纤维正极圈和碳纤维负极，另一端连接直流电源信号的正、负极；Suction cup type drainage tube 10 containing wires: the wires are located in the insulation chamber on both sides of the drainage tube, one end of the positive and negative wires is respectively connected to the carbon fiber positive circle and the carbon fiber negative pole, and the other end is connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC power signal;
碳纤维正极圈8：为环形，与含有导线的吸盘式引流管10正极导线相连，置于伤口外圈皮肤边缘；Carbon fiber positive coil 8: ring-shaped, connected to the positive lead of the sucker type drainage tube 10 containing the lead, and placed on the skin edge of the outer circle of the wound;
碳纤维负极9：与含有导线的吸盘式引流管10负极导线相连，置于伤口中心；Carbon fiber negative electrode 9: connected with the suction cup type drainage tube 10 negative electrode wire containing the wire, placed in the center of the wound;
泡沫敷料11和贴膜12：用于创面封闭引流。Foam dressing 11 and film 12: used for wound sealing and drainage.
图中3为含有导线的吸盘式引流管横截面：其被分隔成三个子空间，分别含负极导线2、正极导线4以及负压引流管3；中间为负压引流管，负极导线与正极导线分别置于负压引流管的两侧，空间的其余部分填充聚丙烯网状填充物7，保证三者互相干扰。该含有导线的吸盘式引流管在外接负压和直流电源的条件下，能同时兼具电场施加和引流作用，使之简捷使用成为可能。3 in the figure is the cross-section of the sucker-type drainage tube containing wires: it is divided into three subspaces, respectively containing the negative electrode wire 2, the positive electrode wire 4 and the negative pressure drainage tube 3; the middle is the negative pressure drainage tube, the negative electrode wire and the positive electrode wire They are respectively placed on both sides of the negative pressure drainage tube, and the rest of the space is filled with polypropylene mesh filler 7 to ensure that the three interfere with each other. Under the condition of external negative pressure and direct current power supply, the sucker-type drainage tube containing wires can have the functions of electric field application and drainage at the same time, making it possible to use it simply and conveniently.
图4为碳纤维正极圈8的结构图，图5为碳纤维负极9的结构图，两者分别于正极导线4和负极导线2相连。其中碳纤维负极置于伤口中心，碳纤维正极圈置于伤口外周皮肤边缘。在外接直流电源的情况下，能为伤口提供一个由外周向中心的定向直流电场，加快伤口愈合。FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a carbon fiber positive electrode ring 8 , and FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a carbon fiber negative electrode 9 , both of which are connected to the positive electrode wire 4 and the negative electrode wire 2 respectively. The carbon fiber negative electrode is placed in the center of the wound, and the carbon fiber positive electrode ring is placed on the peripheral skin edge of the wound. In the case of an external DC power supply, it can provide a directional DC electric field from the periphery to the center for the wound to accelerate wound healing.
本发明使用时，可采取如下使用步骤。When the present invention is used, the following steps can be taken.
1.病人局部受伤之后，在病患受伤的部位进行简单的清洗消毒止血后，使用无菌纱布擦干净受伤的部位及周围皮肤。1. After the patient is partially injured, after simple cleaning and disinfection of the injured part of the patient to stop bleeding, use sterile gauze to wipe the injured part and surrounding skin.
2.根据病人伤口的大小、形状及部位，首先将碳纤维负极置于创面中心，选择合适大小的碳纤维正极圈置于创面外周正常皮肤边缘，裁剪适当大小的泡沫敷料安置于伤口和碳纤维正极圈上，同时使得碳纤维负极穿过泡沫敷料。放置后分别将碳纤维正极圈和碳纤维负极与含有导线的吸盘式引流管的负、正极相连；使用贴膜封闭伤口，随后在上面剪开一个小口，将含有导线的吸盘式引流管的吸盘端置于创面，再次采用贴膜封闭，然后，将含有导线的吸盘式引流管的另一端分别与中心负压和电源连接，通过本装置完成为伤口提供负压引流和施加电场的双重作用。2. According to the size, shape and location of the patient's wound, first place the carbon fiber negative electrode in the center of the wound, select a suitable size carbon fiber positive electrode ring and place it on the edge of the normal skin around the wound, cut a foam dressing of appropriate size and place it on the wound and carbon fiber positive electrode ring , while making the carbon fiber anode pass through the foam dressing. After placement, connect the carbon fiber positive electrode ring and the carbon fiber negative electrode to the negative and positive electrodes of the suction cup drainage tube containing the wires respectively; use a film to seal the wound, then cut a small opening on it, and place the suction cup end of the suction cup drainage tube containing the wires on the The wound surface is sealed again with a film, and then the other end of the suction cup drainage tube containing the wires is connected to the central negative pressure and the power supply respectively, and this device completes the dual functions of providing negative pressure drainage and applying an electric field to the wound.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (4)
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