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CN107337543B - A kind of slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107337543B
CN107337543B CN201710717255.3A CN201710717255A CN107337543B CN 107337543 B CN107337543 B CN 107337543B CN 201710717255 A CN201710717255 A CN 201710717255A CN 107337543 B CN107337543 B CN 107337543B
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CN107337543A (en
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宫晨琛
金鸣慧
周竞平
芦令超
程新
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Deyang Jiehua Agricultural Science And Technology Research Co ltd
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University of Jinan
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12Granules or flakes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of the boric acid particles to obtain coating acid; (2) mixing 40-70 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 30-50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 5-10 parts of coating acid, 20-30 parts of starch and 20-30 parts of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying to obtain the slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil. The slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared by the preparation method can control the fertilizer release period of the isobutylidene diurea by controlling the coating thickness of the coating acid, and solves the problem that the alkaline soil inhibits the hydrolysis of the isobutylidene diurea, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the isobutylidene diurea is difficult to release.

Description

一种盐碱地缓释肥及其制备方法A kind of slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof

技术领域technical field

本发明属于控释肥技术领域,尤其涉及一种盐碱地缓释肥及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled-release fertilizers, and in particular relates to a slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soils and a preparation method thereof.

背景技术Background technique

缓释肥料主要为缓效氮肥,也称长效氮肥,其在水中溶解度很低,但施入土壤后在化学反应和微生物作用下逐渐分解,缓慢释放氮素,满足植物在整个生育期内对氮素的需求,降低后期追肥成本,并可减少氮素的淋失、挥发和反硝化所引起的损失。异丁叉二脲以尿素和异丁醛为原料,在酸催化剂的情况下经缩合反应而制得,具有缓慢释放氮素的性能。因其溶解度低(仅为尿素的千分之一),改变了尿素易吸湿变质的特点,释放速度受温度的影响极小,容易调节和预测肥的释放速度,盐指数更是所有化学肥料中最低的,不会灼伤植物。此种缩合物还具有促进土壤形成团粒结构、防止沙化以及增加作物根系穿透力的性能。Slow-release fertilizers are mainly slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers, also known as long-acting nitrogen fertilizers, which have very low solubility in water, but gradually decompose under the action of chemical reactions and microorganisms after being applied to the soil, releasing nitrogen slowly to meet the needs of plants during the entire growth period. Nitrogen demand, reduce the cost of post-dressing fertilizer, and reduce the loss caused by nitrogen leaching, volatilization and denitrification. Isobutylidene biurea is prepared from urea and isobutyraldehyde by condensation reaction in the presence of an acid catalyst, and has the property of slowly releasing nitrogen. Because of its low solubility (only one thousandth of urea), it changes the characteristics of urea that is easy to absorb moisture and deteriorate. The release rate is very little affected by temperature, and it is easy to adjust and predict the release rate of fertilizers. The salt index is among all chemical fertilizers. The lowest, will not burn the plant. This kind of condensate also has the properties of promoting the formation of agglomerate structure in soil, preventing desertification and increasing the penetration of crop roots.

现有技术中,以异丁叉二脲为缓释骨架,采用肥料核心内部缓释技术制备缓释肥料。但是在盐碱化比较严重的地区,例如我国西北部,农作物生长困难,碱性土壤会抑制异丁叉二脲的水解,使异丁叉二脲的肥效难以释放。因此,有必要制备一种适用于碱性土壤的异丁叉二脲缓释肥。In the prior art, isobutylidene diurea is used as the slow-release skeleton, and the slow-release fertilizer is prepared by adopting the internal slow-release technology of the fertilizer core. However, in areas with severe salinization, such as northwestern my country, crops are difficult to grow, and the alkaline soil will inhibit the hydrolysis of isobutylidene diurea, making it difficult to release the fertilizer effect of isobutylidene diurea. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare an isobutylidene diurea slow-release fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

针对异丁叉二脲在盐碱地中肥效难以释放的问题,本发明提供了一种盐碱地缓释肥,其制备方法包括以下步骤:Aiming at the problem that isobutylidene diurea is difficult to release in saline-alkali soil, the invention provides a slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

(1)在硼酸颗粒表层包裹一层可溶性淀粉膜,得到包膜酸;(1) Wrap a layer of soluble starch film on the surface of boric acid particles to obtain coated acid;

(2)将重量份数为40-70份异丁叉二脲、30-50份竹炭粉、5-10份包膜酸、20-30份淀粉和20-30份水混合并搅拌均匀,并造粒成球状,烘干,得到盐碱地缓释肥。(2) The parts by weight are 40-70 parts of isobutylidene biurea, 30-50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 5-10 parts of coating acid, 20-30 parts of starch and 20-30 parts of water and mix and stir evenly, and Granulate into spherical shape, and dry to obtain slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land.

为调控该盐碱地缓释肥的缓释速率,所述包膜酸的可溶性淀粉膜厚度为0.2-1mm,颗粒直径为2-4mm。In order to regulate the slow-release rate of the slow-release fertilizer in the saline-alkali land, the soluble starch film thickness of the coated acid is 0.2-1 mm, and the particle diameter is 2-4 mm.

为方便该盐碱地缓释肥的播撒,所述盐碱地缓释肥的颗粒直径为4-8mm。In order to facilitate the spreading of the slow-release fertilizer in the saline-alkali land, the particle diameter of the slow-release fertilizer in the saline-alkali land is 4-8 mm.

为保证包膜酸的释放,所述竹炭粉的比表面积为300-320m2/Kg。In order to ensure the release of the coated acid, the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m2/Kg.

可选地,步骤(2)中各组分的重量份数为:异丁叉二脲55份、竹炭粉40份、包膜酸 7份、淀粉25份和水25份。Optionally, the parts by weight of each component in step (2) are: 55 parts of isobutylidene biurea, 40 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7 parts of coating acid, 25 parts of starch and 25 parts of water.

本发明具有以下优点:The present invention has the following advantages:

(1)本发明所提供的盐碱地缓释肥将酸包膜,通过控制包膜的厚度,调控酸的释放速率进而控制异丁叉二脲的释肥周期。(1) The slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil provided by the present invention encapsulates the acid, and controls the release rate of the acid by controlling the thickness of the envelope, thereby controlling the fertilizer release cycle of isobutylidene biurea.

(2)竹炭为多孔结构,耐酸侵蚀,在酸性环境下结构不发生破坏,具有良好的保水性,有效保证包膜酸的释放。(2) Bamboo charcoal has a porous structure and is resistant to acid erosion. The structure will not be damaged in an acidic environment. It has good water retention and effectively ensures the release of the coated acid.

(3)本发明提供的盐碱地缓释肥可根据植物生长的需求量,通过洒水量调控异丁叉二脲的施肥量。(3) The slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil provided by the present invention can regulate the fertilization amount of isobutylidene biurea through the amount of watering according to the demand for plant growth.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例1制备的盐碱地缓释肥的异丁叉二脲释放速率图;Fig. 1 is the isobutylidene diurea release rate diagram of the slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例2制备的盐碱地缓释肥的异丁叉二脲释放速率图;Fig. 2 is the isobutylidene diurea release rate diagram of the slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared by Example 2 of the present invention;

图3为本发明实施例3制备的盐碱地缓释肥的异丁叉二脲释放速率图;Fig. 3 is the isobutylidene diurea release rate diagram of the slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared by Example 3 of the present invention;

图4为本发明实施例4制备的盐碱地缓释肥的异丁叉二脲释放速率图。Fig. 4 is the isobutylidene diurea release rate diagram of the slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared in Example 4 of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

实施例1Example 1

一种盐碱地缓释肥,其制备方法包括以下步骤:A slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

(1)在硼酸颗粒表层包裹一层可溶性淀粉膜,淀粉膜厚度为0.2mm,得到包膜碱,包膜碱的颗粒直径为2mm;(1) Wrap a layer of soluble starch film on the surface of boric acid particles, the thickness of the starch film is 0.2mm, to obtain the coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 2mm;

(2)将重量份数为40份异丁叉二脲、30份竹炭粉、5份包膜酸、20份淀粉和20份水混合并搅拌均匀,并造粒成球状,40-70℃烘干,得到盐碱地缓释肥,盐碱地缓释肥的颗粒直径为4mm。(2) Mix 40 parts by weight of isobutylidene biurea, 30 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 5 parts of coating acid, 20 parts of starch and 20 parts of water, stir evenly, and granulate into spherical shape, bake at 40-70 ℃. dry to obtain slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land, and the particle diameter of the slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land is 4 mm.

其中,上述制备方法中,竹炭粉的比表面积为300-320m2/Kg。Wherein, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the specific surface area of bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m2/Kg.

实施例2Example 2

一种盐碱地缓释肥,其制备方法包括以下步骤:A slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

(1)在硼酸颗粒表层包裹一层可溶性淀粉膜,淀粉膜厚度为1mm,得到包膜碱,包膜碱的颗粒直径为4mm;(1) Wrap a layer of soluble starch film on the surface of boric acid particles, the thickness of the starch film is 1 mm, to obtain the coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 4 mm;

(2)将重量份数为70份异丁叉二脲、50份竹炭粉、10份包膜酸、30份淀粉和30份水混合并搅拌均匀,并造粒成球状,40-70℃烘干,得到盐碱地缓释肥,盐碱地缓释肥的颗粒直径为8mm。(2) Mix 70 parts by weight of isobutylidene biurea, 50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 10 parts of coating acid, 30 parts of starch and 30 parts of water and stir evenly, and granulate into spherical shape, bake at 40-70 ℃. dry to obtain slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land, and the particle diameter of the slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land is 8 mm.

其中,上述制备方法中,竹炭粉的比表面积为300-320m2/Kg。Wherein, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the specific surface area of bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m2/Kg.

实施例3Example 3

一种盐碱地缓释肥,其制备方法包括以下步骤:A slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

(1)在硼酸颗粒表层包裹一层可溶性淀粉膜,淀粉膜厚度为0.5mm,得到包膜碱,包膜碱的颗粒直径为3mm;(1) Wrap a layer of soluble starch film on the surface of boric acid particles, the thickness of the starch film is 0.5mm, to obtain the coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 3mm;

(2)将重量份数为55份异丁叉二脲、40份竹炭粉、7份包膜酸、25份淀粉和25份水混合并搅拌均匀,并造粒成球状,40-70℃烘干,得到盐碱地缓释肥,盐碱地缓释肥的颗粒直径为5mm。(2) Mix 55 parts by weight of isobutylidene biurea, 40 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7 parts of coating acid, 25 parts of starch and 25 parts of water, mix and stir evenly, and granulate into spherical shape, bake at 40-70 ℃. dry to obtain slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land, and the particle diameter of slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land is 5 mm.

其中,上述制备方法中,竹炭粉的比表面积为300-320m2/Kg。Wherein, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the specific surface area of bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m2/Kg.

实施例4Example 4

一种盐碱地缓释肥,其制备方法包括以下步骤:A slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

(1)在硼酸颗粒表层包裹一层可溶性淀粉膜,淀粉膜厚度为0.8mm,得到包膜碱,包膜碱的颗粒直径为4mm;(1) Wrap a layer of soluble starch film on the surface of the boric acid particles, the thickness of the starch film is 0.8 mm, to obtain the coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 4 mm;

(2)将重量份数为60份异丁叉二脲、45份竹炭粉、8份包膜酸、20份淀粉和25份水混合并搅拌均匀,并造粒成球状,40-70℃烘干,得到盐碱地缓释肥,盐碱地缓释肥的颗粒直径为7mm。(2) Mix 60 parts by weight of isobutylidene biurea, 45 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of coating acid, 20 parts of starch and 25 parts of water, mix and stir evenly, and granulate into spherical shape, bake at 40-70 ℃. dry to obtain slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land, and the particle diameter of slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali land is 7 mm.

其中,上述制备方法中,竹炭粉的比表面积为300-320m2/Kg。Wherein, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the specific surface area of bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m2/Kg.

通过图1至4所示,实施例1至4的盐碱地缓释肥的异丁叉二脲可持续平稳释放80天,缓释效果良好。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the isobutylidene diurea of the slow-release fertilizers in the saline-alkali soil of Examples 1 to 4 can be released stably for 80 days, and the slow-release effect is good.

实施例试验:甜高粱地肥效Example test: Fertilizer effect of sweet sorghum

试验地点:甘肃省武威市古浪县。Test site: Gulang County, Wuwei City, Gansu Province.

试验时间:2016年5月至10月。Test period: May to October 2016.

试验品种:雅津401号甜高粱。Tested variety: Yajin 401 sweet sorghum.

对比例:异丁叉二脲。Comparative example: isobutylidene biurea.

在5块盐碱地(pH=7.8-8.5)播种相同的品种的甜高粱种子。按照当地农民的施肥习惯和施肥用量,分别对5块甜高粱地进行施肥,分别施以实施例1-3和对比例的肥料。其他管理措施均按照当地农民措施常规进行。Sweet sorghum seeds of the same variety were sown in 5 saline-alkaline plots (pH=7.8-8.5). According to the fertilization habits and fertilization dosage of local farmers, 5 sweet sorghum fields were fertilized respectively, and the fertilizers of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples were respectively applied. Other management measures are carried out in accordance with the routine measures of local farmers.

表1 甜高粱生长效果Table 1 Growth effect of sweet sorghum

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Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of the boric acid particles to obtain coating acid;
(2) mixing 40-70 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 30-50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 5-10 parts of coating acid, 20-30 parts of starch and 20-30 parts of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying to obtain the slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coated acid has a soluble starch film thickness of 0.2 to 1mm and a particle diameter of 2 to 4 mm.
3. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil is 4-8 mm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m2/Kg。
5. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight parts of the components in the step (2) are as follows: 55 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 40 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7 parts of coating acid, 25 parts of starch and 25 parts of water.
6. A slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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