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CN107340091B - Bearing assembly pretightening power calculation method and pretightning force detection device - Google Patents

Bearing assembly pretightening power calculation method and pretightning force detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107340091B
CN107340091B CN201611077654.XA CN201611077654A CN107340091B CN 107340091 B CN107340091 B CN 107340091B CN 201611077654 A CN201611077654 A CN 201611077654A CN 107340091 B CN107340091 B CN 107340091B
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bearing
axial displacement
displacement
calculating
shell
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CN107340091A (en
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李丹
李昌华
汤清
邹荣静
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Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
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Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of bearing assembly pretightening power calculation methods, calculate the axial displacement Ja of shell and output shaft at bearing block according to temperature change difference first1Turn axial displacement Ja with radial2, then the two adds up to total axial displacement;The axial displacement b of the sum of the bearing displacement variable in set temperature value a and shell is calculated again;Axial displacement b you can get it the design preload amount S that the sum of bearing displacement variable a and shell are finally subtracted using total axial displacement, can finally determine design pretightning force A according to design preload amount S.Preload amount and pretightning force required when bearing assembles can be accurately calculated using bearing assembly pretightening power calculation method provided by the invention, to prolong its service life, and whether bearing assembly pretightening power detection device provided by the invention can then detect the pretightning force after assembling in turn and be consistent with design pretightning force, so as to facilitate amendment.

Description

Bearing assembly pretightening force calculation method and pretightening force detection equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing assembly in a gearbox, in particular to a bearing assembly pretightening force calculation method and pretightening force detection equipment.
Background
An output shaft in the gearbox is usually supported by two paired conical bearings, the conical bearings can bear larger axial force and radial force and have excellent performance, but an adjusting gasket needs to be installed to pre-tighten the two paired conical bearings to a certain extent so as to make up for a gap between the bearing and a bearing seat caused by expansion deformation of a shell and a shafting due to temperature rise, and because the shell material and the shafting material are different, the shell and the shafting material have different deformations under the same temperature difference, the shell expands more and the shafting expands less, a gap can be generated between the bearing seat and the shell, the service life attenuation of the bearing can be influenced when the bearing operates under the condition of the existence of the gap, and the service lives of a mounting shaft and a gear can also be influenced; the pre-tightening amount is increased, namely the axial interference magnitude of the bearing is ensured under the normal-temperature assembly state, so that the service life and the precision of the conical bearing can be prolonged, and the service life of the gearbox is prolonged; the design of the pre-tightening amount and the selection and determination of the adjusting shim are the problems to be solved, and currently, the design of the pre-tightening amount of the conical bearing does not have corresponding software calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for calculating the assembling pretightening force of a bearing and pretightening force detection equipment, which are used for solving the problems, accurately calculating the installing pretightening force of the bearing and prolonging the service life of the bearing.
The invention provides a bearing assembly pretightening force calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: calculating the axial displacement delta Ja of the housing and the output shaft at the bearing seat according to the temperature change difference1
Step S2: calculating the radial displacement of the housing and the output shaft at the bearing seat according to the temperature change difference, and converting the radial displacement into an axial displacement delta Ja2
Step S3: according to the axial displacement Delta Ja1And said axial displacement Δ Ja2ComputingTotal axial displacement Δ;
step S4: selecting a working interval of the bearings at a set temperature value according to the service life curve of the bearings, and determining the sum a of the displacement variation of the two bearings in the working interval;
step S5: determining the corresponding working pretightening force A under the set temperature value according to the sum a of the displacement variations of the two bearings1
Step S6: according to the axial rigidity value K of the bearing seat of the shell and the working pretightening force A1Calculating the axial displacement b of the shell at a set temperature value;
step S7: and calculating a designed pretightening force S according to the total axial displacement delta, the sum a of the displacement variation and the axial displacement b, and confirming a designed pretightening force A according to the pretightening force S.
The method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as described above, preferably, after step S7, further includes:
step S8: and calculating a starting torque value T of the output shaft according to the design pretightening force A.
The bearing assembling preload calculation method as described above, wherein preferably, in step S1, the axial displacement Δ Ja is calculated according to the following formula1
ΔJa1=(L*C2*Δt2)–(L*C1*Δt1);
Wherein, C2: the coefficient of expansion of the shell material;
c1: coefficient of expansion of the output shaft material;
Δt1: shell temperature variation difference;
Δt2: difference in output shaft temperature change;
l: distance of the outer races of the two bearings.
The bearing assembling pretension calculation method as described above, wherein, preferably, in step S2,
the bearing radial design interference magnitude deltas is a fixed value, and the relative displacement deltaq generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔQ=(D2*C2*Δt2)–(D1*C1*Δt1);
wherein D is1: the outer ring outer diameters of the first bearing and the second bearing;
D2: a housing bearing seat bore inner diameter;
C2: the coefficient of expansion of the shell material;
C1: coefficient of expansion of the output shaft and bearing material;
Δt1: shell temperature variation difference;
Δt2: difference in output shaft temperature change;
if the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is smaller than the designed bearing seat mounting radial interference delta S, the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is converted into the axial displacement delta Ja according to the following formula2
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔQ1+Y2/0.8*ΔQ2)
Wherein,
Y1: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
Y2: a calculated coefficient of the second bearing;
ΔQ1: relative displacement resulting from radial expansion of the housing and the first bearing;
ΔQ2: relative displacement resulting from radial expansion of the housing and the second bearing;
when the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is larger than the designed bearing seat installation interference delta S, the radial designed bearing seat installation interference delta S is converted into the axial displacement delta Ja according to the following formula2
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔS1)+(Y2/0.8*ΔS2)
Wherein,
Y1: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
Y2: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
ΔS1: the radial interference of the first bearing installation;
ΔS2: the radial interference of the second bearing mounting.
The bearing assembling pretension calculation method as described above, wherein, preferably, in step S3, the total axial displacement Δ is calculated according to the following formula:
Δ=ΔJa1+ΔJa2
in the method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as described above, preferably, in step S6, the axial stiffness value K of the bearing seat is calculated according to the following formula:
K=1/(1/K1+1/K2);
wherein, K1Axial stiffness of the bearing seat being a first bearing; k2Axial stiffness of the bearing seat being the second bearing;
the housing axial displacement b is calculated according to the following formula:
b=A1/K。
in the method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as described above, preferably, in step S7, the design preload amount S is calculated according to the following formula:
S=Δ-a-b。
the invention also provides a bearing assembly pretightening force detection device, which comprises:
an output shaft;
the bearing is sleeved on the outer ring of the output shaft;
a pressure sensor located between the housing and the bearing;
the reading equipment is connected with the pressure sensor and used for reading the pressure value of the pressure sensor at a first set temperature.
The bearing assembling pretightening force calculation method can accurately calculate the pretightening force required by bearing assembling, thereby prolonging the service life of the bearing assembling pretightening force calculation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calculating a bearing assembly preload according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a bearing assembly according to a method for calculating a pre-tightening force of the bearing assembly provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a bearing life curve diagram of the bearing assembly pretightening force calculation method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearing assembly pretightening force detection apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10-output shaft 20-first bearing 21-second bearing 30-pressure sensor
40-reading device 50-housing
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calculating a bearing assembling preload according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic view of a bearing assembling process according to the method for calculating a bearing assembling preload according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, a bearing assembling manner to be calculated is that a first bearing 20 and a second bearing 21 are sleeved on two ends of an output shaft 10, and then a housing 50 is fixedly sleeved on the first bearing 20 and the second bearing 21.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 2, a method for calculating a bearing assembling preload according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
step S1: calculating the axial displacement Δ Ja of the housing 50 and the output shaft 10 at the bearing seat according to the temperature variation difference1. In this step, the axial displacement Δ Ja may be specifically calculated according to the following formula1
ΔJa1=(L*C2*Δt2)–(L*C1*Δt1); (1)
Wherein, C2: the coefficient of expansion of the shell 50 material;
C1: the coefficient of expansion of the output shaft 10 material;
Δt1: difference in temperature change of the housing 50;
Δt2: difference in temperature change of the output shaft 10;
l: distance of the outer races of the two bearings.
The difference in temperature change is preferably here more generally 20 ℃ compared to the ambient temperature.
Step S2: the radial displacement of the housing 50 and the output shaft 10 at the bearing seats is calculated from the temperature variation difference and converted into an axial displacement Δ Ja2
The temperature change amount herein refers to generally 20 degrees with respect to the ambient temperature. Because the outer rings of the two bearings of the output shaft 10 are in interference fit with the housing 50, when the temperature changes, the radial housing 50 and the bearings also change, the housing 50 expands more, the gap gradually increases, and the interference magnitude gradually decreases; generally with reference to the radial design interference deltas between the housing 50 and the bearing,
the bearing radial design interference magnitude deltas is a fixed value, and the relative displacement deltaq generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔQ=(D2*C2*Δt2)–(D1*C1*Δt1); (2)
wherein D is1: the outer ring outer diameters of the first bearing and the second bearing;
D2: a housing bearing seat bore inner diameter;
C2: the coefficient of expansion of the shell material;
C1: coefficient of expansion of the output shaft and bearing material;
Δt1: shell temperature variation difference;
Δt2: difference in output shaft temperature change;
if the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is smaller than the designed bearing seat mounting radial interference delta S, the following formula is adoptedConverting the relative displacement Δ Q generated by the radial expansion of the housing and bearing into an axial displacement Δ Ja2
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔQ1+Y2/0.8*ΔQ2) (3)
Wherein,
Y1: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
Y2: a calculated coefficient of the second bearing;
ΔQ1: relative displacement resulting from radial expansion of the housing and the first bearing;
ΔQ2: relative displacement resulting from radial expansion of the housing and the second bearing;
when the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is larger than the designed bearing seat installation interference delta S, the radial designed bearing seat installation interference delta S is converted into the axial displacement delta Ja according to the following formula2
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔS1)+(Y2/0.8*ΔS2) (4)
Wherein,
Y1: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
Y2: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
ΔS1: the radial interference of the first bearing installation;
ΔS2: the radial interference of the second bearing mounting.
Step S3: according to the axial displacement Delta Ja1And said axial displacement Δ Ja2The total axial displacement Δ is calculated. The total axial displacement Δ may be calculated specifically according to the following formula:
Δ=ΔJa1+ΔJa2。 (5)
step S4: and selecting a working interval of the bearing at a set temperature value according to the service life curve of the bearing, and determining the sum a of the displacement variation of the two bearings in the working interval. As shown in fig. 2, for the bearing life curve provided by the bearing supplier, the working interval of the bearing at the set temperature, preferably the working temperature (90 ℃), i.e. the gray interval shown in fig. 3, is selected, the interval is selected to be the larger value interval of the service life of the two bearing curves, the service life of the two paired bearings is higher, and then the middle value of the interval is selected as the working play of the bearing. The abscissa in fig. 3 represents the sum a of the displacement variation values of the two bearings, and the ordinate represents the service lives of the two bearings at the sum of the displacement variation values, respectively.
Step S5: determining the corresponding working pretightening force A at the set temperature according to the sum a of the displacement variations of the two bearings1. Specifically, the working pretightening force A can be determined according to a pre-calculated table1. The pre-calculated table is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, the corresponding relationship among the stiffness value, the displacement, the sum of the displacement variations and the working pre-tightening force of the two bearings is listed in the table, and the sum a of the displacement variations of the two bearings is known according to the table, so that the corresponding working pre-tightening force A can be inquired1For example: when the sum of the displacement variation of the two bearings is-9.7 um, the corresponding working pretightening force A1Is 500N.
Step S6: according to the axial rigidity value K of the bearing seat and the working pretightening force A1The axial displacement b of the housing 50 at the set temperature value is calculated. Specifically, the stiffness value K of the two bearings at the respective bearing seats can be calculated in advance (calculated by using finite element software Abqus and the like)1And K2And according to the rigidity value K of the bearing seat of the two bearings1And K2And calculating the axial rigidity value K of the bearing seat.
Further, the axial stiffness value K of the housing bearing seat may be specifically calculated according to the following formula:
K=1/(1/K1+1/K2); (6)
the axial displacement b is calculated according to the following formula: b is ═ A1/K。 (7)
Step S7: and calculating a design pretightening force S according to the total axial displacement delta, the sum a of the displacement variation and the axial displacement b of the shell 50 at a set temperature value, and confirming the design pretightening force A according to the pretightening force S. Specifically, the design pretension amount S can be calculated according to the following formula: the design pretension a can be calculated in advance and then obtained by looking up a table, see table 2 specifically.
TABLE 2
Design pre-tightening force Design amount of pretension
A/N S/um
125 16
250 25
375 41
500 58
625 68
750 80
875 95
1000 110
1125 34
Step S8: and calculating a starting torque value T of the output shaft 10 according to the design pretightening force A. Specifically, the starting torque value T may be calculated according to the following formula:
T=μ*A*(D1+D2)/2; (8)
wherein, mu: coefficient of friction;
a: designing a pre-tightening force;
D1: the outer ring outer diameter of the first bearing 20;
D2: outer ring outer diameter of second bearing 21.
By using the method provided by the embodiment, the pre-tightening amount required by the bearing installation can be accurately calculated, so that the service life of the bearing is prolonged.
Fig. 4 is a bearing assembling pretension detecting apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the bearing assembling pretension detecting apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes an output shaft 10, a bearing 20, and a pressure sensor 30.
The bearing 20 is sleeved on an outer ring of the output shaft 10, the pressure sensor 30 is located between the housing 50 and the first bearing 20, the reading device 40 is connected with the pressure sensor 30, and the reading device 40 is used for reading a pressure value of the pressure sensor 30 at a first set temperature (preferably 20 ℃), and comparing the pressure value with the design pretightening force A in any embodiment of the invention to determine whether the pressure value is qualified. In this embodiment, the reading device may be preferably a computer, and if the pressure value read by the reading device 40 is different from the result of the design pretightening force a, the pretightening amount S needs to be adjusted until the design pretightening force a meeting the design requirement.
Further, in another embodiment, any one of the above starting torque values T may also be verified by a device, specifically, the device for verifying the pre-tightening amount is similar, and the same components are used, but the device for verifying the pre-tightening amount is used, instead, the pressure sensor is replaced by an adjusting shim for actual assembly according to the designed pre-tightening amount, when the output shaft is pressed, oil is sprayed and lubricated at the bearing seat of the bearing, after the housing is assembled, the output shaft is rotated three times in the forward and reverse directions, so as to ensure that an oil film is formed at the bearing outer ring and the bearing seat of the housing, the torque value during starting is read, the average value is measured for multiple times, and whether the starting torque is within the designed range is compared, since the axial pre-tightening force is further measured, the friction coefficient μ in the calculation formula (8) of the starting torque is corrected according to the relationship between the pre-tightening force and the, the friction coefficient mu is related to the lubrication state, so that the friction coefficient mu needs to be corrected, after the correction is finished, the calculation result after the correction can be used as a judgment basis, the deviation between the design value and the measured value exists due to the deviation of some actual measurement, the deviation is controlled to be acceptable within 10 percent, and when the starting torque read by multiple measurements is close to the design value, the pre-tightening amount at the moment is the design pre-tightening amount.
The construction, features and functions of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the drawings, and all equivalent embodiments modified or changed according to the idea of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention covered by the description and the drawings.

Claims (7)

1. A method for calculating the assembling pretightening force of a bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: calculating the axial displacement delta Ja of the housing and the output shaft at the bearing seat according to the temperature change difference1
Step S2: calculating the radial displacement of the housing and the output shaft at the bearing seat according to the temperature change difference, and converting the radial displacement into an axial displacement delta Ja2
Step S3: according to the axial displacement Delta Ja1And said axial displacement Δ Ja2Calculating the total axial displacement Δ;
Step S4: selecting a working interval of the bearings at a set temperature value according to the service life curve of the bearings, and determining the sum a of the displacement variation of the two bearings in the working interval;
step S5: determining the corresponding working pretightening force A under the set temperature value according to the sum a of the displacement variations of the two bearings1
Step S6: according to the axial rigidity value K of the bearing seat of the shell and the working pretightening force A1Calculating the axial displacement b of the shell at a set temperature value;
step S7: and calculating a designed pretightening force S according to the total axial displacement delta, the sum a of the displacement variation and the axial displacement b, and confirming a designed pretightening force A according to the pretightening force S.
2. The method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, after step S7:
step S8: and calculating a starting torque value T of the output shaft according to the design pretightening force A.
3. The method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the axial displacement Δ Ja is calculated according to the following formula1
ΔJa1=(L*C2*Δt2)–(L*C1*Δt1);
Wherein, C2: the coefficient of expansion of the shell material;
c1: coefficient of expansion of the output shaft material;
Δt1: shell temperature variation difference;
Δt2: difference in output shaft temperature change;
l: distance of the outer races of the two bearings.
4. The method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the bearing radial design interference Δ S is a fixed value, and the relative displacement Δ Q caused by the radial expansion of the housing and the bearing is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔQ=(D2*C2*Δt2)–(D1*C1*Δt1);
wherein D is1: the outer ring outer diameters of the first bearing and the second bearing;
D2: a housing bearing seat bore inner diameter;
C2: the coefficient of expansion of the shell material;
C1: coefficient of expansion of the output shaft and bearing material;
Δt1: shell temperature variation difference;
Δt2: difference in output shaft temperature change;
if the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is smaller than the designed bearing seat mounting radial interference delta S, the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is converted into the axial displacement delta Ja according to the following formula2
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔQ1+Y2/0.8*ΔQ2)
Wherein,
Y1: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
Y2: a calculated coefficient of the second bearing;
ΔQ1: relative displacement resulting from radial expansion of the housing and the first bearing;
ΔQ2: relative displacement resulting from radial expansion of the housing and the second bearing;
when the relative displacement delta Q generated by the radial expansion of the shell and the bearing is larger than the designed bearing seat installation interference delta S, the radial designed bearing seat installation interference delta S is converted into the axial displacement delta Ja according to the following formula2
ΔJa2=(Y1/0.8*ΔS1)+(Y2/0.8*ΔS2)
Wherein,
Y1: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
Y2: a calculated coefficient for the first bearing;
ΔS1: the radial interference of the first bearing installation;
ΔS2: the radial interference of the second bearing mounting.
5. The method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the total axial displacement Δ is calculated according to the following formula:
Δ=ΔJa1+ΔJa2
6. the method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S6, the axial stiffness value K of the bearing seat is calculated according to the following formula:
K=1/(1/K1+1/K2);
wherein, K1Axial stiffness of the bearing seat being a first bearing; k2Axial stiffness of the bearing seat being the second bearing;
the housing axial displacement b is calculated according to the following formula:
b=A1/K。
7. the method for calculating the bearing assembling preload as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step S7, the design preload amount S is calculated according to the following formula:
S=Δ-a-b。
CN201611077654.XA 2016-11-30 2016-11-30 Bearing assembly pretightening power calculation method and pretightning force detection device Active CN107340091B (en)

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