CN107430378A - Apply holographic effects to prints - Google Patents

Abstract

Illumination information including at least reflectance data for regions of the object surface is generated and printed as a series of re-illuminable holograms. Each printed hologram includes reflectivity data for a corresponding region of the object. A model of the object is generated such that the model further comprises a plurality of portions corresponding to regions of the object surface. A series of holograms is attached to a portion of the model such that a particular hologram of the series that encodes reflectivity data for a particular region of the object is attached to a corresponding portion of the model. In an embodiment, the model of the object is generated from metal. A series of holograms is engraved directly on the metal model such that a particular hologram of the series encoding reflectivity data of a particular region of the object is engraved on a corresponding portion of the metal model.

Description

Apply holographic effects to prints

Cross References to Related Applications

This application is related to U.S. Application Serial No. (Docket No. 139703-011800) entitled "Recording Holographic Data on Reflective Surfaces," which was actually filed herewith, and to which was actually filed herewith, and was entitled "Reilluminatable Holograms" US Application Serial No. (Docket No. 139703-011600). The entire disclosures of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

This disclosure relates to the application of holographic effects to 2D and 3D prints.

Background technique

Conventional 2D printers used by computers print out data line by line on paper. When this printing method is extended to print multiple layers, layer by layer, it is able to print three-dimensional models. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is the process of transferring a computer model into a physical object. Unlike conventional processes, which create models primarily through a subtractive process of removing material, 3D printing is an additive process in which physical objects are built from multiple layers of material. Thus, in addition to eliminating the costly retooling required to produce different models under the conventional subtractive process, there is less waste of material. The additive process is performed by the 3D printer under the control of a computing device that includes modules for executing the printing program. This makes it possible to quickly and economically obtain models before the factory produces the actual objects. As the technology matures, 3D printers are increasingly being used to print not only simple models, but a wide variety of products, such as precision mechanical parts, pills, or even dental crowns used by dentists.

Contents of the invention

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for generating a model of an object that includes not only depth information of the object's surface but also lighting information. In some embodiments a method of generating a model of an object is disclosed. The method can be performed by a device including one or more processors. The method includes receiving, at a device including a processor, a series of printed holograms, each printed hologram including at least one holographic pixel encoding illumination information for one of a plurality of regions of a surface of an object. Objects can be real objects or virtual objects. The device prints a physical model of the object, wherein a surface of the physical model includes a plurality of portions, each portion corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of regions of the object. In some embodiments, the model of the object is a two-dimensional model. In some embodiments, the model of the object is a three-dimensional model. In some embodiments, printing the physical model of the object further includes receiving, by the device, the three-dimensional image of the object and printing the three-dimensional model of the object according to the three-dimensional image.

In some embodiments, the series of printed holograms is attached to the physical phantom such that each printed hologram is attached to that portion of the physical phantom corresponding to a respective region of the object surface for which illumination information is encoded on the attached hologram. of printable holograms. In some embodiments, a hologram comprising at least a subset of the series of printed holograms is wrapped on the model. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of printed holograms is affixed to a corresponding portion of the model surface during printing. In some embodiments, the printed series of holograms are relightable holograms. In some embodiments, the area of each portion of the printed hologram is between 0.000001 mm2 and 0.25 mm2.

In some embodiments, a hologram comprising a series of printed holograms is disclosed. The holographic sheet is divided into a plurality of printed holograms, wherein each printed hologram comprises at least one hologram of the series. Each of the plurality of printed holograms is attached to that portion of the physical model corresponding to a respective region of the object surface, the illumination of which is encoded in the attached printed hologram.

In some embodiments, an apparatus is disclosed that includes a processor and a storage medium for tangibly storing thereon program logic for execution by the processor to generate a model of an object. The program logic includes receiving logic executed by the processor to receive at the device a series of printed holograms, each printed hologram including at least one holographic pixel, the holographic pixel providing illumination information for one of the plurality of regions of the surface of the object to encode. In some embodiments, the programming logic includes printing logic executed by the processor to print a physical model of the object, wherein the surface of the physical model includes a plurality of portions, each portion corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of object regions. The programming logic also includes attachment logic executed by the processor for attaching a series of printed holograms to the physical model, each printed hologram being attached to a portion of the physical model corresponding to a corresponding region of the surface of the object, the corresponding region The illumination information is encoded in an attached printed hologram. In some embodiments, the attaching logic includes logic executed by the processor to wrap a hologram comprising at least two of the series of printed holograms over the model.

In some embodiments, the processor further executes partitioning logic for partitioning the holographic sheet comprising the series of printed holograms into a plurality of printed holograms, wherein each printed hologram comprises at least one hologram of the series. The processor also executes application logic for applying each of the plurality of printed holograms to that portion of the physical model corresponding to a corresponding region of the object surface whose illumination is encoded in the attached printed hologram. In some embodiments, the processor executes image receiving logic to receive a three-dimensional image of the object, and the processor executes logic to print a three-dimensional model of the object based on the three-dimensional image.

In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising processor-executable instructions is disclosed. The instructions include instructions for receiving a series of printed holograms, each printed hologram including at least one holographic pixel encoding illumination information for one of the plurality of regions of the surface of the object. The instructions also include: instructions for printing a physical model of the object, wherein the surface of the physical model includes a plurality of parts, each part corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of regions; and for attaching a series of printed holograms to the physical Model directives. These instructions cause each printed hologram to be attached to that portion of the physical model corresponding to a corresponding region of the object surface for which illumination information is encoded in the attached printed hologram.

In some embodiments, the instructions for attaching the printed series of holograms to the model further comprise processor-executable instructions for wrapping a holographic sheet comprising at least a subset of the series of printed holograms on the model. In some embodiments, the instructions for attaching the printed series of holograms to the model further comprise processor-executable instructions for dividing the holographic sheet comprising the series of printed holograms into a plurality of printed holograms, each A printed hologram comprises the series of at least one hologram and instructions for applying each of the plurality of printed holograms to that portion of the physical model corresponding to a corresponding area of the object surface, the corresponding area of Illumination is encoded in an attached printed hologram.

In some embodiments, a model of an object is disclosed. The model includes a plurality of parts, wherein each part of the model corresponds to a respective one of the plurality of regions of the object. The model also includes a plurality of holograms attached to the plurality of model portions, wherein each hologram includes illumination information for a corresponding one of the plurality of regions of the object. At least one of the plurality of holographic prints is attached to one of the plurality of model parts corresponding to a corresponding one of the plurality of regions of the object, the illumination information of the corresponding one of the regions included in the at least one holographic print in the file. In some embodiments, the illumination information included in the at least one holographic print is a bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of a corresponding one of the plurality of object regions. The area of each holographic print ranges from 0.000001 square millimeter to 0.25 square millimeter. The model of the object can be a two-dimensional model or a three-dimensional model. In some embodiments, the properties of the light reflected from the surface of the model are similar to the properties of the light reflected from the surface of the object.

In one embodiment, a method of generating a 3D model of an object is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a metal model of the object. The object includes multiple regions. The model is made of metal, and also includes a plurality of parts such that each part of the model corresponds to a corresponding one of the object regions. In an embodiment, the first processor receives illumination information of the object, wherein the illumination information includes albedo data for an area of the object. The illumination information of the object is printed by the first processor as a series of holograms, each hologram of the series including at least one holographic pixel encoding reflectance data for a respective one of the object areas. Each hologram is printed on a portion of the model corresponding to a respective one of the object regions. In some embodiments, the model of the object is printed by a three-dimensional printer capable of printing metal models in metals such as gold or silver.

In one embodiment, a method of generating a metallic model including reflectivity data for an object is disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a device including a processor, illumination information of an object comprising a plurality of regions, the illumination information including reflectivity data for the portions. A model of the object is printed by the device, wherein the model is made of metal, and the surface of the model includes a plurality of parts, each part of the model surface corresponding to a respective one of the object areas. Illumination information of the object is transmitted by the device to the phantom as a series of holograms, each hologram of the series comprising at least one holographic pixel encoding reflectance data for a corresponding one of the regions, and each A hologram is printed on the part of the model corresponding to the corresponding area.

In some embodiments, a device receives a three-dimensional image of an object and prints a three-dimensional model of the object based on the three-dimensional image. Similarly, if the device receives a two-dimensional image of an object, it prints a two-dimensional model of the object from the two-dimensional image.

In one embodiment, a method of making a hologram of an object comprising a plurality of regions is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a plurality of reflectivity data sets of an object surface for a corresponding plurality of light sources from a single fixed viewpoint. The method also includes the steps of: illuminating the surface of the object with a light source of the plurality of light sources located at a particular location relative to the object; and recording corresponding reflectance data for the surface of the object at the particular location relative to the light source. The light source is moved, for example, by a distance between 0.5mm-1.0mm to a new location adjacent to the particular location, and for each of the plurality of light sources, the steps of illuminating, recording and moving are repeated a predetermined number of times.

Summarized reflectance data for each region of the object surface is generated by the computing device by superimposing reflectance data obtained from the plurality of reflectance data sets for each region of the object surface. The photosensitive medium is illuminated with aggregated reflectance data for at least one of the plurality of regions of the surface of the object, and a hologram of the at least one region is made from the photosensitive medium. In some embodiments, the hologram is contained on a substrate having an area between 0.000001 mm2 and 0.25 mm2.

In some embodiments, the objects are real world objects, and a light stage arrangement is utilized to obtain the plurality of albedo datasets. In some embodiments, the object is a virtual object, and the computing device is utilized to obtain the plurality of reflectance data sets.

In one embodiment, a substrate including a diffractive structure that is a hologram is disclosed. A hologram comprises multiple images of a virtual or real object superimposed on each other, and each of the multiple images encodes reflectance data for a region of the object's surface recorded from a single viewpoint under corresponding lighting conditions. In some embodiments, the base extends between 0.000001 square millimeters and 0.25 square millimeters. In some embodiments, the respective lighting conditions include at least light sources located at respective positions relative to the object and the viewpoint. Light incident on the hologram from a light source by the hologram produces reflected rays having the same properties as those produced by regions of the surface of the object when illuminated by the light source.

These and other embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

The figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the several views, in the figures:

Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a model of an object according to some embodiments.

Figure 2 is a flowchart detailing a method of generating a model of an object according to some embodiments.

Figure 3 is a flowchart detailing a method of generating a model of an object according to some embodiments.

4 shows a flowchart detailing a method of generating illumination information for a reilluminable hologram that can be used with a 3D printed model of an object, according to some embodiments.

Figure 5 details a method of generating a reilluminable hologram in accordance with some embodiments.

6 is a diagram depicting lighting information including a series of images obtained for an individual, according to some embodiments.

Figure 7 shows a model of an object generated according to an embodiment described in detail herein.

Figure 8 illustrates the internal architecture of a computing device according to some embodiments.

Fig. 9 shows a 3D printer apparatus for printing a 3D model according to some embodiments.

detailed description

The subject matter will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof and show specific example embodiments by way of illustration. However, subject matter may be embodied in a variety of different forms, and thus, it is intended that covered or claimed subject matter be construed as not limited to any exemplary embodiments set forth herein; exemplary embodiments are provided for illustration only. Likewise, the range of subject matter claimed or covered is quite broad. Also, for example, the subject matter may be embodied as a method, apparatus, component, or system. Thus, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. Accordingly, the following detailed description is not intended to be considered limiting.

In the drawings, some features may be exaggerated to show details of particular components (and any dimensions, materials and similar details shown in the drawings are intended to be illustrative and not limiting). Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the disclosed embodiments.

The present disclosure is described below with reference to block diagrams and operational illustrations of methods and apparatus to select and present media related to a particular topic. It will be understood that each block of the block diagrams or operational illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or operational illustrations, can be implemented by analog or digital hardware and computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an ASIC or other programmable data processing devices, so that the instructions executed via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices realize the functions specified in the block diagrams or operation blocks. function/action.

In some alternative implementations, the functions/acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the operating instructions. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Furthermore, embodiments of the methods presented and described as flowcharts in this disclosure are provided by way of example in order to provide a more complete understanding of the techniques. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logical flow presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of individual operations is changed and in which sub-operations described as part of a larger operation are performed independently.

A computing device is capable of sending or receiving signals, such as via a wired or wireless network, or processing or storing signals, such as in memory in a physical memory state, and thus may operate as a server. Thus, for example, a device capable of operating as a server may include, for example, a dedicated rack server, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a set-top box, an integrated device combining individual features such as two or more of the aforementioned devices, and the like. Servers can vary widely in configuration or capabilities, but typically servers can include one or more central processing units and memory. The server may also include one or more mass storage devices, one or more power supplies, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces, one or more input/output interfaces, or one or more operating systems (such as Windows Server, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, FreeBSD, etc.).

Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have implied or implied nuances other than those expressly stated in the context. Similarly, the phrase "in one embodiment" as used herein does not necessarily mean the same embodiment, and the phrase "in another embodiment" as used herein does not necessarily mean a different embodiment. For example, claimed subject matter includes combinations of all or part of the exemplary embodiments. In general, a term can be understood at least in part from its usage in context. For example, terms such as "and", "or" or "and/or" as used herein can include various meanings that can depend at least in part on the context in which these terms are used. In general, "or", if used in an associated list such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B and C as used herein in the inclusive sense, and A, B or C as used herein in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term "one or more" as used herein at least in part depending on the context may be used to describe any feature, structure or characteristic in the singular or may be used to describe a combination of features, structures or characteristics in the plural. Similarly, terms such as "a, an" or "the" may also be understood to convey singular usage or to convey plural usage, depending at least in part on context. Furthermore, the term "based on" may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, and may instead allow, again, at least in part, the presence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, depending on context.

Improvements in printing technology have transformed two-dimensional printing of data on paper into an additive process for printing three-dimensional models from image data fed to a computer. Three-dimensional printers currently in use build three-dimensional models by layering the printing material, eg, one micron at a time. Models created by 3D printing can include strong internal structures, which is not possible with conventional moulds. The model can be built via a three-dimensional printing process using different materials, such as different colored plastics, metals or resins. Although a variety of colors and materials are available for 3D printing usage, current 3D printing techniques are limited to models whose primary printing surfaces exhibit simple reflectivity, such as Lambertian surfaces, which do not represent the actual The true reflective behavior of the object.

While a 3D printer is capable of modeling the detailed structure of the Eiffel Tower, it cannot capture in the model the true reflectivity properties of the metals that make up the actual Eiffel Tower. Another example of a complex structure whose reflectivity properties cannot be properly captured by a 3D printer is the face of a human (or other species). Living faces contain complex collections of tones and shades and reflect light in complex ways that even the best high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) printers cannot capture. For example, currently available are 3D printers with a resolution as fine as 16-30 microns. Thus, when printing faces, features such as hair and pores can be printed. However, even 3D printers with the best resolutions can look unrealistic even though they accurately reproduce the object's structure. This is because the light reflection properties of an object are determined by a complex set of factors, including not only the physical properties of the object (such as microscopic surface details and color), but also the chemical properties of the object itself. Without the improvements set forth in this paper, 3D printed models cannot accurately capture this detail of how objects interact with light.

Techniques currently exist for capturing and recording complex light reflection properties of objects such as the face or skin of a living being in detail. A light stage, described in further detail below, is one example. Similarly, techniques also exist for generating reflective properties of objects by computing devices. For example, image-based relighting techniques are used to produce realistic images of objects in any lighting condition. Applications of this technique include inter alia the insertion of characters in scenes of movies.

Use a setup such as a dome-shaped light stage or a moving light stage for capturing reflectivity data for objects by illuminating them from different directions. Multiple images of an object are captured, where the object in each image is illuminated by light from a different direction than in the other images. Thus, the intensity of light from various directions can be captured for each pixel, which enables the reconstruction of an image of an object by using a mathematical model under any other lighting conditions not captured by a device such as a light stage. This can be achieved by fitting an albedo model to albedo measurements obtained from a light stage against the object's surface. In addition, a set of reflectance measurements obtained for a particular direction can be extrapolated using a model such as the Lambertian, Phong or Ward model to obtain intensities for angles of incidence not included in the set of measurements.

The interaction of individual surfaces with light can be described by a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In general, the degree to which light is reflected (or transmitted) depends on the viewer and the position of the light relative to the surface normal and tangent. Since the BRDF indicates how light is reflected, it is necessary to capture the viewing angle and light-dependent properties of the reflected light. Thus, the BRDF is a function of the incoming (light) and outgoing (viewing angle) directions at the point of light interaction with respect to the local orientation. However, currently there is no technology for endowing 3D printed models with various light reflective properties such as those expressed by the BRDF of the object's surface.

Embodiments disclosed herein can provide a model of an object that has the object's light reflective properties such that the model also reflects light in a manner similar to the object, thereby appearing more like the actual object than a model printed from a conventional 3D printer . More specifically, embodiments described herein are capable of recording light interaction properties of an object and applying these properties to a model of the object. This gives the model the light-reflecting properties of the object, making the model appear essentially the same as the object. In one embodiment, the model may be printed by a 3D printer such that depth information of the object's surface is captured in data received by the 3D printer which is transmitted to the printed model. In one embodiment, the captured reflectance data is transferred to the 3D printed model via the re-illuminable holographic technique detailed herein. A 3D printed model that includes both the depth and light interaction properties of the actual object will look more realistic than a model obtained from a 3D printer.

In some embodiments, the object's reflectivity data is printed as a reilluminable hologram attached to the 3D printed model. Holography is a technique for recording the lighting information of an object and later reproducing it without the object to create the illusion that the object is present. To generate a hologram of an object, the object is illuminated with a light source, such as a coherent light source (such as a laser) or a spectrally filtered light source. The light reflected from the object is combined with a reference beam, which may be direct light from the light source. The pattern produced by the interference of the reflected beam with the reference beam is captured on a recording medium such as a photograph. However, recorded patterns captured by employing holography contain more information than simple focused images such as photographs. This enables the reproduction of a three-dimensional image of the object, leading to the illusion that the object is present.

Figure 1 is a flowchart 100 illustrating a method of generating a model of an object according to some embodiments. The method begins at 102, where a model of an object is obtained. In some embodiments, the objects may be real objects such as, but not limited to, humans, animals, or other real-world animate/inanimate objects. In some embodiments, objects may be virtual/fictional objects that may or may not exist in the real world, which may include, but are not limited to, animate or inanimate entities. Properties of these virtual objects (such as but not limited to appearance, which may include shape, size, color, texture, reflective properties, and other visible and invisible characteristics) may be determined by their creators/designers. A model of a real or virtual object may be obtained at 102 through a subtractive or additive process as described herein. The image of the object is input to the 3D printer. Again, depending on whether the object is real or virtual, the image input to the 3D printer can be a photo from a camera or a processor-generated image. A model is generated by the 3D printer from the received images in an additive process by repeated layering of materials such as powdered resin. Since the 3D printer can reproduce the detailed structure of the object, the depth information of the object surface can be accurately represented by the 3D model. In an embodiment, the model includes a colored surface including one or more of red, green, blue, cyan, yellow, and the like. In one embodiment, the model is made to be the same size as the object.

At 104, lighting information for the object is obtained. The illumination information obtained at 104 may represent not only reflections, but other complex phenomena that occur when light interacts with object surfaces. This may include other phenomena such as but not limited to light absorption and/or transmission including but not limited to diffraction and scattering effects. In one embodiment, the lighting information at 104 may be obtained from an imaging device such as a light stage. In an embodiment, the light stage includes, among other components, a camera and a light source whose intensity can be controlled. The light stage is configured to produce gradient lighting patterns. The light source is configured and arranged to illuminate the surface of the subject with a gradient illumination pattern. Light reflected from the surface of the illuminated object is received by the camera, which produces data representing the reflected light. In some embodiments, the data may include an interference pattern used to generate a hologram of the object's surface. In some embodiments, data from the camera is processed by the computing system to estimate a surface normal map of the object's surface.

Specular and diffuse normal maps of the object's surface can be generated by placing polarizers on the light source and in front of the camera, respectively, to illuminate the object's surface with a polarized spherical gradient illumination pattern. In an embodiment, data from the light stage can be used to estimate other properties of the object's surface. For example, techniques for modeling layered face reflections consisting of specular albedo, single scattering, and shallow and deep surface scattering can be employed. For each of these layers, a model as described above can be used to estimate the parameters of an appropriate reflection model, e.g. just 20 photographs recorded from a single viewpoint through a light stage in a few seconds.

In one embodiment, the lighting information at 104 may be obtained from a computing device. For example, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function ("BRDF") can be utilized to model object surface appearance. As described herein, the BRDF of a surface can be estimated from mathematical functions derived using an analytical model. Different models can be used to determine the reflectance properties of different types of materials. In fact, measured BRDF databases can also be accessed from multiple sources. In one embodiment, the light interaction properties of the object's surface can be calculated mathematically in a computer using path tracing. Path tracing is a computer graphics Monte Carlo method for rendering images of 3D scenes. In fact, techniques exist in CG (computer graphics) rendering to calculate even complex light interaction properties, such as dispersion and scattering with submillimeter resolution (eg 1 pixel). Accordingly, illumination information for multiple regions of the object surface may be obtained at 104 by one or more physical or mathematical procedures.

Illumination information is obtained at 104 for regions of the object surface. In some embodiments, illumination information may be collected at 104 for regions of the surface of the object. The area of each region can be determined based on the desired resolution of the image obtained. The larger the desired resolution, the smaller the area of each region. Therefore, the object surface can be fictitiously divided into a plurality of regions in order to obtain illumination information.

Depending on the method used to obtain the lighting information, the lighting information obtained at 104 for multiple object regions may encode multiple viewing angles or multiple lighting conditions. For example, each pixel of a digital hologram encodes multiple viewing angles for a given light source. Illumination information for such digital holograms is captured through incremental camera movements while keeping objects and light sources in fixed positions.

In some embodiments, the lighting information for each region of the object's surface can encode a number of lighting conditions that can be used to print a reilluminable hologram. This may be achieved according to embodiments described in further detail below by keeping the camera and object in fixed positions while varying light sources and area aggregation of illumination information.

At 106, the illumination information obtained at 104 for regions of the object surface is printed out as a series of holograms. Each hologram of the series includes or encodes illumination information for one of the regions of the object's surface. By way of illustration and not limitation, each hologram of the series may include illumination information, such as reflectivity data for one of the regions of the object's surface. Thus, the reflectance data obtained at 104 for each region of the object surface is printed at 106 as a hologram. In an embodiment, the reflectance data for each region of the object surface is represented by a BRDF. Thus, the series of holograms printed at 106 encode the BRDFs of the regions of the object's surface. Thus, the hologram printed at 106 is configured to generate the correct wave front such that the hologram encodes all the different lighting conditions to which the subject may be exposed. In an embodiment, a single sheet comprising a series of holograms is printed at 106 . A series of holograms can be obtained using various known methods such as those used by ZEBRA IMAGING.

In some embodiments, the method moves directly to step 110 for identifying portions of the 3D printed model corresponding to regions of the object surface so that appropriate lighting information can be applied to the 3D printed model. The surface of a printed 3D model can be imaginary divided into parts in a similar manner to the surface of an object. By way of illustration and not limitation, the number of regions of the object surface may be equal to the number of imaginary portions of the 3D model surface. Thus, each imaginary area of the object surface corresponds to a corresponding portion of the model surface.

The method then proceeds to step 112 for attaching the hologram to the model, so step 108 can be omitted. At 112, the holograms produced at 106 are attached to the 3D printed model such that each hologram comprising illumination data for a particular region of the object surface corresponding to a particular portion of the model is positioned and attached to that portion of the model. specific part. For example, a hologram may be positioned and shrink-wrapped onto the model such that a particular hologram comprising illumination data for a particular region of the object's surface is affixed to the corresponding portion of the model.

In some embodiments, the method moves to step 108, where a sheet comprising a series of holograms is cut or divided into segments or holographic tiles. In an embodiment, the slices are divided such that each segment or tile comprises one hologram in a series of holograms that are printed. As a result of this separation, a plurality of printed holograms are obtained at 108, wherein each printed hologram includes reflectance data for one of the regions of the object surface. Again, it will be appreciated that the number of printed holograms or holographic patches generated at step 108 may be equal to the number of object surface areas or correspondingly equal to the number of model surface portions. By way of illustration and not limitation, the area of the printed hologram obtained at 108 may extend between 0.000001 square millimeters and 0.25 square millimeters. In an embodiment, slices may be divided such that one slice contains two or more holograms. Thus, it will be appreciated that the plurality of holograms generated at 108 may include one or more holograms, each hologram encoding reflectivity data for a respective region of the object's surface.

In some embodiments, the method moves from step 108 to 110, where portions of the 3D model corresponding to regions of the object surface are identified. Small pieces of the hologram generated at 108 are attached or affixed at 112 to corresponding portions of the model. Since the 3D printing process is additive, a 3D printer can be programmed to attach small pieces of the hologram to corresponding parts of the 3D model as the final layers of the model are printed. For example, the mechanical jetting of a 3D printer can be programmed to jet multiple small pieces of the hologram when building the corresponding part of the 3D model.

As a result of the process detailed in FIG. 1 , a 3D printed model is obtained that not only conveys depth information of the object surface but is further endowed with reflectivity properties of the object surface. When light is incident on such a 3D printed model, it is reflected in essentially the same way as an actual object. This is because the holograms on the model are encoded with the reflective properties of the actual object's surface, thus simulating the reflective properties of the object's surface.

It can be understood that the process of the holographic sheet being packaged as a whole or separated in the flowchart 100 is only described by way of illustration rather than limitation. In fact, these steps need not be mutually exclusive when generating a 3D model, but can be used together when generating a single 3D model. For example, there may be parts such that a hologram comprising multiple holograms is attached or wrapped to one part of a 3D model, while a fragment or small piece of a hologram comprising a single hologram is attached to other parts of the same 3D model.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart 200 detailing a method of generating a model of an object, according to some embodiments. The method starts at 202, where a model made of reflective material, such as metal, is obtained. The model can be made of metals such as gold or silver. In some embodiments, the model has the same dimensions as the object and can be obtained by a 3D printer through an additive process or by etching or chiseling a metal block/sheet. At 204, illumination information including reflectivity data for regions of the object is obtained. In an embodiment, the reflectance data obtained at 204 is similar to the reflectance data obtained at 104 . In an embodiment, if reflectivity data for the object was recorded at 104, such data may be reused, thereby making step 204 redundant. At 206, portions of the model surface corresponding to respective regions of the object are identified. In an embodiment, the model surface may be the same size as the object area, and thus, portions identified on the model may be the same size as the areas identified on the object surface. At 210, the illumination information obtained for each region of the object surface is encoded on the corresponding portion of the model surface.

In an embodiment, the illumination information includes reflectivity data for the region for light rays incident on the region from different directions. Thus, reflectance data for multiple lighting conditions is encoded on the model surface for each region. In an embodiment, the model may be printed by a 3D printer and illumination information including reflectivity data may be etched on it, eg by a holographic printer.

In an embodiment, the reflectance data may include the BRDF for each region of the object's surface, and the holographic printer may etch a diffraction grating on the surface of the metal model, which changes the refractive index of the model surface. When the metal model is illuminated by a light source used as a reference beam, the diffraction grating will be operable to produce a hologram that reflects light in a manner that mimics that of the object. This eliminates the need to print, divide and attach the holographic film to the surface of the model as described in FIG. 1 . In an embodiment, a metal model as described herein may be used to model metal objects.

It will be appreciated that different portions of the object's surface may have different properties. While some areas of the object's surface may be diffuse, other parts of the object's surface may be more glossy. Accordingly, FIG. 3 is a flowchart 300 detailing a method of generating a model of an object in accordance with some embodiments. The method begins at 302, where illumination information including reflectivity data for a region of, for example, a surface of an object is obtained by a computing device attached to a 3D printer. In one embodiment, the reflectance data of the object is obtained using a device such as a light stage. In an embodiment, the reflectance data is analyzed at 304 by a computing device to determine properties of the object's surface. At 306, based on the analysis at 304, it is determined whether the object surface has a matte finish or whether the object surface has a more glossy finish. For example, if the reflectance data conforms to the Lambertian model, it may be determined at 306 that the object surface has a matte finish, otherwise it may be determined that the object surface has a glossy finish. For example, if the reflectance data fits a Lambertian model, it may be determined at 306 that the object surface has a matte finish, otherwise it may be determined that the object surface has a glossy finish. If the object surface has a matte finish, ink of the appropriate color may be jetted to create layers of the 3D model, as shown at 308 . If it is determined that a portion of the object surface of the object is more glossy, then at 310 that particular portion of the object surface is printed or constructed by jetting ink, and then at 312, for example, by attaching a tiny piece of a holographic film according to embodiments described herein. Apply holographic data. Thus, it will be appreciated that according to the embodiments described herein, the entire model need not be covered by a holographic print. Conversely, the portion of the model surface corresponding to the more glossy surface of the object can be covered by a holographic print produced according to an embodiment described in further detail below, while the portion of the model corresponding to the more diffuse object surface can receive a matte finish via conventional 3D printing. of smoothness.

In some embodiments, a reilluminable hologram is used for a glossier surface, as detailed in FIG. 3 . Typically, holograms encode varying viewpoints under fixed lighting conditions. For example, given a stationary object and light source, a camera is programmed for microscopic incremental movements to generate data for printing out a digital hologram. Therefore, when the viewer changes the viewing position while viewing the printed hologram, the hologram appears to have moved to the viewer. FIG. 4 shows a flowchart 400 detailing a method of generating illumination information for a reilluminable hologram that can be used with a 3D printed model of an object, according to some embodiments. A reilluminable hologram according to some embodiments encodes multiple lighting conditions from a single viewpoint. According to some embodiments, the reflectance data is physically collected for the reilluminable hologram by keeping the real world object and the camera in fixed positions while moving the light source around the object. Apparatus known in the art for collecting reflectivity data may include, but are not limited to, light stages or portable light stages that may be used to perform methods such as those detailed in FIG. 4 . In some embodiments, the albedo data may be generated entirely by a computing device for a real-world object or a virtual object for multiple lighting conditions. In some embodiments, reflectance data may also be generated in part by programming a computing device to use known mathematical models to extrapolate data for real world objects obtained for a subset of lighting conditions.

Collecting reflectance data for a real world object using a physical process begins at 402 with one or more light sources illuminating the object whose illumination information is to be collected from one or more directions. In some embodiments, the light source is fixed to the dome-like structure of the light stage, and the object is placed in the middle of the dome. In other embodiments, the light sources are independently movable. At 404, area information of the object surface is obtained. For example, a region may include a microscopic region on a surface of an object, wherein the number of pixels included in an image of the region or microscopic region is estimated, for example, by a computing device. At 406 , a light source for illuminating the object is programmed to move based on the area information obtained at 404 . In one embodiment, the light source is programmed to make small movements in the range of 0.5 mm - 1.0 mm, and the number of times the light source moves may depend on the number of areas on the surface of the object. For example, if the desired resolution of the image of the object's surface is 300 PPI (pixels per inch), the light source may move 300 times per inch when collecting reflectance data for the object's surface. At 408, illumination information for a region of the object surface is captured. In an embodiment, the illumination information may include data associated with reflectivity of a plurality of light rays originating from a plurality of light sources and incident on a region of the surface of the object.

When lighting information for an area is obtained at 408, it is determined at 410 whether there are more areas for which lighting information needs to be collected. If so, the light source is moved as shown at 412, and the process returns to 408, where lighting information for the next area is obtained. The loop comprising steps 408, 410 and 412 may be repeated until all regions of the object surface have been imaged. At 414, it is determined whether there are more lighting conditions that need to be applied to the object in order to collect reflectance data. If so, the method moves to 416 where a new lighting condition is selected. The new lighting conditions selected at 416 may include, but are not limited to, different light sources, where various values of RGB may be applied to the object in order to obtain further reflectance data. After a new lighting condition is selected at 416, the method loops back to step 402, where the subject is illuminated with the newly selected lighting condition, and reflectance data is obtained by moving the light source as described above.

The imaging process described in Figure 4 generates a large number of images of the subject for each lighting condition. For example, the process of Figure 4 can generate approximately 8,000 images when executed for a single lighting condition. Figure 5 details a method of generating a reilluminable hologram in accordance with some embodiments. The method begins at 502 by obtaining lighting information for multiple regions of an object under multiple lighting conditions, as described in detail in FIG. 4 . In an embodiment, area-wise reflectance data may be obtained at 502 as a series of images of an object illuminated by one or more light sources from different locations. At 504, the thus obtained illumination information for multiple regions of the surface of the object is aggregated. In some embodiments, images of each region of the subject collected under multiple lighting conditions are superimposed on each other to summarize lighting information. Since the images are taken from a single camera viewpoint (albeit under different lighting conditions), objects appear to be illuminated with white light when superimposed on top of each other. This is in contrast to conventional methods of collecting illumination information from multiple viewpoints for use in generating digital holograms, where summarizing such illumination information would result in blurry, out-of-focus images. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that for small regions or regions of an object's surface as described herein, viewing angle may not contribute as significantly to the appearance of the model as proper reflectivity.

A holographic print of the aggregated illumination information for each region of the object is obtained at 506 . In some embodiments, the aggregated illumination information for each of the plurality of regions is recorded on a photosensitive medium from which a holographic print is generated using known methods. Examples of photosensitive media that can be used to generate holograms can include, but are not limited to, photographic emulsions, photopolymers, photoresists, and the like. The holographic print obtained at 506 includes multiple re-illuminable holograms, each hologram encoding multiple lighting conditions for each region of the subject, as opposed to multiple viewing angles encoded in normal holographic pixels. Thus, while normal holograms are capable of providing image data from different viewing angles, re-illuminable holograms according to embodiments described herein provide reflectance data when illuminated by suitable lighting conditions.

In some embodiments, if the re-illuminable hologram generated at 506 is illuminated by a light source from directions substantially similar to those that existed when the reflectance data was collected, the light interacts with the object recorded at 502 in a substantially similar manner. Similar way is reflected. Thus, when a 3D model of an object is overlaid with a reilluminable hologram as described herein, both depth and light interaction data are captured, resulting in a more realistic replica of the object than would be produced by a 3D printer alone.

FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 depicting lighting information including a series of images 602 acquired of an object, according to some embodiments. One or more light sources can be programmed to move slightly while the camera and subject remain in a fixed position. It will be appreciated that the image series 602 having 25 images is shown and discussed herein by way of illustration only and not limitation. Any number of images may be generated for image series 602 based on multiple positions of light sources. Each image 604 of plurality of images 602 captures illumination information for a region or microscopic region of an object for a given location of a light source. Multiple images 602 are generated by sequentially moving a light source, eg, from the left side of the subject to its right side, while maintaining the subject and camera at fixed positions. Thus, considering the series of images 602 as a 5x5 matrix, the image at position 5x5 is the mirror image of the image at position lxl. Multiple such series of images 606 may be generated by employing multiple lighting conditions. Multiple sequence of images 606 may be generated using light sources having different properties (eg, but not limited to, intensity, color/wavelength, type of light).

According to some embodiments, the illumination information for each corresponding individual image 604 from each series 602 of the plurality of series 606 is superimposed for a given image pixel, and the resulting image is presented as a single image comprising a plurality of tiny holograms 610 . The hologram 608 is re-illuminated for printing. For example, assuming that each image at position l x 1 in series 606 represents illumination information for the imaged object surface when the light source and object are at a particular position, then by stacking or superimposing each 1 x image from series 606 of images 1 image to generate a reilluminable hologram of the object's surface. Thus, a reilluminable hologram is generated by overlaying each N x N image representing a particular light source/object location with other images representing the same location from a plurality of image series 606 .

Since each hologram 610 of reilluminable hologram 608 encodes illumination information for multiple illumination conditions for a single corresponding region of the subject surface, applying one of the multiple illumination conditions to reilluminable hologram 608 The on-chip view will essentially replicate what the object's surface would look like when lit under that lighting condition. The effect can be further enhanced to make it appear more realistic by applying reilluminable holographic pixels to the 3D printed model of the object's surface. The process outlined in the embodiments herein can facilitate the generation of more realistic replicas of objects such as, but not limited to, a human face which can thus be generated from a 3D printed model endowed with not only depth information but also the reflectivity data.

FIG. 7 illustrates an object model 700 generated according to embodiments described in detail herein. In some embodiments, depth and lighting information of objects may be obtained by employing tools such as light stages to perform a physical data collection process. The physical structure of the model showing the depth information is made by a 3D printer. The illumination information is conveyed to the model through a hologram comprising a re-illuminable hologram as described in detail herein. Based on the object's lighting information, there may be certain parts (e.g., tires 702 of model 700) that may have a matte finish and do not require a hologram, while other parts (such as the body of a car 704 and windshield 706) have decals. A holographic patch/piece attached to it.

Figure 8 illustrates the internal architecture of a computing device 800 in accordance with some embodiments. Computing device 800 , or another device substantially similar thereto, may include modules for generating, by an artist, models and properties of virtual objects for further modeling in accordance with embodiments described herein. Computing device 800 may also be configured to include programmed logic for generating reflectivity data for virtual objects or real objects. In some embodiments, some reflectivity information for real objects may be obtained by performing physical processes as detailed herein, while other reflectivity information may be generated by programming logic executed by computing device 800 . In some embodiments, computing device 800 may also be used to operate a data acquisition device, such as the light stage described in detail herein. In addition, the computing device 800 may include a module for driving a printer, which may include but not limited to a 3D printer to print a 3D model of an object, and attach a hologram including lighting information to a print model.

The internal architecture of the computing device includes one or more processing units (also referred to herein as CPUs) 812 that interface with at least one computer bus 802 . Also interfacing with the computer bus 802 are persistent storage media/media 806, any audio equipment 808, a network interface 814, memory 804 (such as random access memory (RAM), runtime transient memory, read only memory (ROM), etc. ), a media disk drive interface 820 for drives that can read and/or write to media including removable media such as floppy disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc., as an interface to a monitor or other display device display interface 810, an input device interface 818 for an input device (such as a keyboard) and a pointing device (such as a mouse), and various other interfaces 822 not shown separately, such as parallel and serial port interfaces, universal serial bus (USB) interface, etc.

Memory 804 interfaces with computer bus 802 to execute software programs (such as operating systems, application programs, device drivers, and programs containing program code and information stored in memory 804 is provided to CPU 812 during computer-executable processing steps (software modules). CPU 812 first loads software modules for computer-executable processing steps from storage (eg, memory 804, storage media/media 806, removable media drives, and/or other storage devices). CPU 812 may then execute software modules in order to perform computer-executable process steps. During execution of computer-executable process steps, CPU 812 may access stored data, such as data stored by a storage device.

Persistent, non-transitory storage media/media 806 are computer-readable storage media that can be used to store software and data, such as an operating system and one or more application programs. Persistent storage/media 806 may also be used to store device drivers (such as one or more of a digital camera driver, monitor driver, printer driver, scanner driver, or other device drivers), content, and other files. Persistent storage medium/media 806 may also include program modules and data files for implementing one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a 3D printer 900 for printing a 3D model using holographic data, according to some embodiments described herein. As noted above, 3D printer 900 may be connected to a controller, such as computing device 900, that provides software for generating and/or selecting models to be printed. Dedicated 3D printing software packages are available that are capable of generating models on the display screen of computing device 900 . Based on the model generated/selected by the user, computing device 900 may control 3D printer 900 to make or print the model. Although shown here as distinct units, it is understood that, according to some embodiments, computing device 800 may also be integrated with a 3D printer to form a single unit.

The electronic device 912 of the 3D printer 900 includes at least a processor 914 and a non-transitory processor or a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium 916 . Processor 914 controls various parts of 3D printer 900 based on programmed logic stored on non-transitory storage medium 916 to create 3D printed models from holographic data attached thereto. A sheet comprising a plurality of reilluminable holograms (including illumination information of the surface of the object to be printed) is fed to a holographic sheet cutter 904 for separation into a plurality of printed holograms for attachment to the 3D printed model when printing. In some embodiments, the multiple printed holograms may be obtained externally from a separate device for separation into the multiple printed reilluminable holograms.

According to embodiments described herein, a plurality of printed reilluminable holograms obtained from cutter 904 or externally are fed to extruder 906 . The extruder 904 consists of an extrusion mechanism comprising a tank for containing 3D printing ink, which may include plastic such as colored resin, and a nozzle for extruding the 3D printing ink to make a 3D printed model. The extrusion mechanism may also be adapted to emit or output each re-illuminable hologram of the series when printing the corresponding part of the model. In some embodiments, the electronics 912 of the 3D printer 900 are programmed to enable the extruder 904 to emit a particular re-illuminable hologram when the outer surface of the corresponding portion of the 3D model is printed.

An adjustable printer bed 908 combined with the extruder movement mechanism 902 enables 3D printing with the extruder 2004 . Extruder movement mechanism 902 may include one or more adjustable frames 922 and X-Y-Z motors 924 . The extruder 902 is mounted on a frame 922 equipped with an X-Y-Z motor capable of moving the extruder 904 along one or more of the X-Y-Z axes on the frame 922 . In addition, the adjustable printer bed 908 onto which the extruder 906 fires ink can be adjusted, thereby adding another dimension of flexibility to the 3D printer 900. A cooling mechanism 910 such as a fan is also included in the 3D printer 900 such that the When printing, the 3D model is cooled. Therefore, according to the embodiments described herein, the 3D printer 900 is capable of printing a realistic model with depth information and lighting information.

For the purposes of the present disclosure, a computer readable medium stores computer data, which may include computer program code in machine readable form executable by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, a computer readable medium may comprise computer readable storage media for tangible or fixed storage of data, or communication media for the transient interpretation of a code-embedded signal. As used herein, a computer-readable storage medium refers to physical or tangible storage (as opposed to a signal), and includes, but is not limited to, any method or technology for tangible storage of information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, , program modules or other data), volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media. computer-readable storage media including, but not limited to, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solid-state memory technology, CD-ROM, DVD or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or Any other physical or material medium that can be used to tangibly store desired information or data or instructions and that can be accessed by a computer or processor.

For the purposes of this disclosure, a module is a software, hardware or firmware (or combination thereof) system, procedure or function or its part. Modules can contain submodules. The software components of the modules may be stored on computer readable media. Modules can be integrated in one or more servers, or loaded and executed by one or more servers. One or more modules can be combined into an engine or an application.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods and systems of the present disclosure can be implemented in many ways, and thus are not limited by the foregoing exemplary embodiments and examples. In other words, functional elements performed by single or multiple components (in various combinations of hardware and software or firmware as well as single functions) may be distributed among software applications on a client or a server or both. In this regard, any number of features of the different embodiments described herein may be combined into a single or multiple embodiments, and alternative embodiments having less or more than all of the features described herein are possible. Functionality may also be distributed, in whole or in part, among multiple components in any manner known now or in the future. Thus, countless software/hardware/firmware combinations are possible in implementing the functions, features, interfaces and preferences described herein. Furthermore, as those skilled in the art now and hereafter will understand, the scope of the present disclosure encompasses conventionally known ways for performing the described features and functions and interfaces, and hardware or software or firmware components described herein that may be implemented those changes and modifications.

While the systems and methods have been described in terms of one or more embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not necessarily limited to the disclosed embodiments. It is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the claims, the scope of which should be given the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements. The disclosure includes any and all embodiments of the appended claims.

Claims (27)

1. a kind of method, including：

A series of printed holograms are received at the equipment including processor, each printed holograms are included to subject surface One of multiple regions at least one holographic pixel for being encoded of illumination information；

The physical model of the object is printed by the equipment, wherein the surface of the physical model includes some, institute State each correspond in the multiple region respective regions of some；And

A series of printed holograms are attached to by the physical model by the equipment, each printed holograms quilt It is attached to the subject surface being coded in its illumination information in the printed holograms of attachment of the physical model The respective regions corresponding to part.

2. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, a series of printed holograms are attached to the model and also wrapped Include：

Hologram sheet including at least a series of subset of printed holograms is wrapped on the model.

3. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, a series of printed holograms are attached to the model and also wrapped Include：

Hologram sheet including a series of printed holograms is divided into by multiple printed holograms by the equipment, wherein often The individual printed holograms include serial at least one hologram.

4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein, the model of the object is threedimensional model.

5. according to the method for claim 4, printing the physical model of the object also includes：

The 3-D view of the object is received by the equipment；And

The threedimensional model of the object is printed according to the 3-D view by the equipment.

6. the method according to claim 11, including the illumination information of the respective regions of the subject surface Each in the multiple printed holograms is attached to the corresponding part of the model during the printing.

7. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, a series of printed holograms are can to weigh illuminated holograms.

8. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the model of the object is two dimensional model.

9. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the areas of the printed holograms at 0.000001 square millimeter extremely Between 0.25 square millimeter.

10. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the object is the object of real world.

11. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the object is virtual objects.

12. a kind of device, including：

Processor；

For the programmed logic by the computing device to be tangibly stored in into storage medium thereon, described program logic bag Include：

By the reception logic of the computing device, it is used to receive a series of printed holograms, Mei Gesuo at described device State at least one holographic pixel that printed holograms include encoding the illumination information in one of multiple regions of subject surface；

By the print logic of the computing device, it is used for the physical model for printing the object, wherein the physical model Surface include some, the corresponding region each corresponded in the multiple region of the multiple part；With And

By the attachment logic of the computing device, it is used to a series of printed holograms being attached to the physics mould Type, each printed holograms are attached to the printing that attachment is coded in its illumination information of the physical model Part corresponding to the respective regions of the subject surface in hologram.

13. device according to claim 12, wherein, a series of printed holograms are attached to the model and also wrapped Include：

By the logic of the computing device, it is used to that a series of at least two hologram sheet of printed holograms will to be included It is wrapped on the model.

14. device according to claim 12, the attachment logic also includes：

By the division logic of the computing device, it is used to the hologram sheet including a series of printed holograms being divided into Multiple printed holograms, wherein each printed holograms include serial at least one hologram.

15. device according to claim 12, the model of the object is threedimensional model.

16. device according to claim 15, described program logic also includes：

By the image-receptive logic of the computing device, it is used for the 3-D view for receiving the object；And

By the logic of the computing device, it is used for the threedimensional model that the object is printed according to the 3-D view.

17. device according to claim 12, wherein, a series of printed holograms are can to weigh illuminated holograms.

18. a kind of non-transitory computer-readable storage media, including for performing the processor-executable instruction of following steps：

A series of printed holograms are received, each printed holograms include the illumination to one of multiple regions of subject surface At least one holographic pixel that information is encoded；

The physical model of the object is printed, wherein the surface of the physical model includes some, the multiple part The corresponding region each corresponded in the multiple region；And

A series of printed holograms are attached to the physical model, each printed holograms are attached to the thing Manage the respective area of the subject surface being coded in its illumination information in the printed holograms of attachment of model Part corresponding to domain.

19. computer-readable recording medium according to claim 18, for a series of printed holograms to be adhered to Instruction to the model also includes processor-executable instruction, and it is used for：

Hologram sheet including at least a series of subset of printed holograms is wrapped on the model.

20. computer-readable recording medium according to claim 12, wherein, for by a series of printed holograms Being attached to the instruction of the model also includes processor-executable instruction, and it is used for：

Hologram sheet including a series of printed holograms is divided into multiple printed holograms, wherein each printing is complete Breath figure includes serial at least one hologram.

21. a kind of model of object, including：

Some, wherein corresponding one in multiple regions on the surface that each part of the model corresponds to the object Region；And

Multiple hologram type parts, it is attached at the multiple part, wherein each hologram type part includes the Object table The illumination information in the corresponding region in the multiple region in face.

22. model according to claim 21, wherein, at least one in the multiple hologram type part is attached at institute The corresponding region stated in the multiple region to the subject surface in the multiple part of model is corresponding A part, the illumination information in a corresponding region is included at least one hologram type part.

23. model according to claim 21, wherein, the illumination being included at least one hologram type part Information is the bidirectional reflectance--distribution function in the corresponding region in the multiple region of the subject surface (BRDF)。

24. model according to claim 21, wherein, the model is the two dimensional model of the object.

25. model according to claim 21, wherein, the model is the threedimensional model of the object.

26. model according to claim 21, wherein, the area of the hologram type part at 0.000001 square millimeter extremely Between 0.25 square millimeter.

27. model according to claim 21, wherein, the property of the light reflected from the surface of the model is similar to from institute State the property of the light of the surface reflection of object.