CN107605640B - A Π-type cantilevered vertical axis tidal current turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of Π type Cantilevered vertical shaft type trend hydraulic turbine, the upper end of main shaft is provided with flange, lower end is provided with watertight turntable, at least three arc plates are equidistantly provided in the circumferential direction of the watertight turntable, there are two aperture side plates for setting on each arc plate, top plate is provided between the end of two aperture side plates, top plate, arc plate, two aperture side plates constitute tower structure, the upper end of each tower structure is provided with blade seat, control motor is provided on blade seat, the output end of control motor is connected with sharf, load cell is provided on each sharf, the end of each sharf is connected with blade.Energy conversion efficiency of the present invention is high, starting performance is good, strong environmental adaptability, structure is simple, safeguards convenient for building with Attention problems, produces low with manufacturing cost, it the depth of water can work entirely, the electromechanical components such as generating set can be made to be located at the water surface or more, convenient for safeguarding, maintenance and operational management, be suitable for marine tidal-current energy and convert.

Description

A Π-type cantilevered vertical axis tidal current turbine

technical field

The invention relates to a Π-type cantilever type vertical axis tidal current water turbine, which belongs to the field of hydraulic machinery and hydraulic generators.

Background technique

Tidal current energy is a clean and pollution-free green renewable new energy, which has the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, and strong predictability. The development and utilization of tidal current energy is of great significance for alleviating energy shortage, reducing environmental pollution, developing coastal and island economies, and consolidating coastal defense.

The core device for tidal current energy utilization is the water turbine, and according to its structural form, there are mainly horizontal axis type and vertical axis type. Horizontal shaft turbines are easy to realize pitch control operation, and have the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, relatively mature design theory and technology, etc., but their underwater structure and sealing are complex, often need to add convection reversing mechanism, and cavitation at the tip of the blade The problem of vibration and blade vibration is prominent; the structure of the vertical axis turbine is relatively simple, the adaptability to the flow direction is strong, and the requirement for water depth is not high, so it has always been a hot model for research and application. The vertical axis tidal current turbines currently used are mostly "H-type" and "Φ-type" turbines with fixed deflection angles. The underwater structure of the impeller is relatively complicated, the start-up flow rate is high, the operating conditions are difficult to control, and the energy conversion efficiency is low. Fishing nets or seaweed The winding problem is difficult to overcome, and the installation and maintenance cost is relatively high. For this reason, this patent has invented a "Π-type" cantilevered vertical-axis tidal turbine, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing vertical-axis tidal turbines and has the following advantages:

(1) The impeller structure is Π-shaped, the overall structure is simple, and the production and manufacturing costs are low.

(2) The spokes connecting the blades and the main shaft of the impeller are located above the water surface, and the spokes do not generate water resistance energy dissipation when the impeller rotates, and the energy conversion efficiency of the impeller is high.

(3) The unique structural design of the above-water support arm, water-tight turntable and underwater cantilever blades is adopted to realize the active control of the blade deflection angle and further improve the energy conversion efficiency of the turbine.

(4) The active control of different working conditions such as impeller start-up, normal operation and braking is realized, the start-up flow rate and overload risk of the turbine are reduced, and the environmental adaptability of the hydro-generator set is stronger.

(5) Except for the blades, all components operate above the water surface, which reduces the difficulty of watertightness and the failure rate of the turbine, and facilitates installation, maintenance, inspection and operation management.

(6) The underwater part of the blade has no spokes or other connecting components, which solves the problem of difficult removal of fishing nets and seaweed entanglement, and is convenient for offshore operations such as blade installation, maintenance, overhaul, and removal of marine organisms on the blade surface, and the long-term operation and maintenance cost is low;

(7) Cantilever non-equal cross-section, similar to equal-stress straight-wing blade design, the root side length and thickness of the blade are relatively large, which ensures the load-bearing capacity of the blade root.

(8) The main shaft, wheel disc, support arm, blade seat and blades adopt unqualified structural design and flexible connection form, which is not only convenient for transportation, installation, maintenance and repair, but also can realize the adjustment of the diameter of the impeller.

After searching, it was found that the invention patent document with the publication number CN201010101286.4 discloses an impeller device for a vertical axis tidal current generator. It includes the main shaft and the disc part, the spoke part, the blade and the connecting part of the blade. It is characterized in that: the main shaft and the disc part include the main shaft, the disc, connecting grooves, and slot connecting holes; the spoke part includes the spoke plate, the connecting hole of the spoke plate, the limit leg, and the angle adjustment bolt; the blade and the connecting part of the blade include the blade, the blade hoop, limit seat; the main shaft and the disc part are connected to the spoke part through connecting bolts, and the spoke part is connected to the blade and the blade connecting part in rotation. The invention can adjust the angle of attack of the vane or control the range of the swing angle of the vane, can replace the spoke part according to the tidal current environment, and change the radius of rotation of the impeller. Applied impeller device for tidal current energy conversion. The Π-type cantilever vertical axis tidal current turbine involved in the patent of the present invention has the following differences from the turbine disclosed in the invention patent document with the publication number CN201010101286.4:

1. The structure of the impeller is different. The patent of the present invention adopts the impeller of Π-shaped cantilever blades. The blades are trapezoidal variable-section straight-wing blades with long side at the root and small chord length at the tip. There is no main shaft in the underwater part, which not only has small energy loss and high energy conversion efficiency, It also overcomes the entanglement problems of fishing nets and seaweeds, has low manufacturing costs, and is convenient for installation, maintenance, inspection and operation management.

2. Different blade control methods. The turbine blade disclosed in the invention patent document with publication number CN201010101286.4 adopts the method of self-adaptive and passive control of the angle of attack, the energy conversion efficiency of the impeller is relatively low, it is inconvenient to adjust the working conditions, the environmental adaptability is weak, and it is not easy to operate the turbine control and management. The invention patent adopts the design of watertight turntable, support arm, electric control system, etc., which can actively control the change of blade angle of attack, actively control the working condition and operation of the turbine, and the turbine has stronger environmental adaptability and higher energy conversion efficiency.

3. The water turbine impeller disclosed in the invention patent document with the publication number CN201010101286.4 is submerged underwater, and the water turbine involved in the patent of the present invention, except for the blades, other electromechanical components are located above the water surface, which reduces the watertight treatment technology Difficulty, improved reliability, easy installation, maintenance, overhaul and operation management.

4. The water turbine disclosed in the invention patent document with the publication number CN201010101286.4 is a water turbine with a fixed impeller diameter, while the patent of the present invention adopts the structural design of the support arm, blade seat, etc., which can realize the adjustment of the impeller diameter.

5. The turbine blades disclosed in the invention patent document with the publication number CN201010101286.4 are equal-airfoil and equal-section straight-wing blades, while the cantilever blades of the present invention are trapezoidal variable-airfoil and variable-section straight-wing blades, which strengthen the blade Root load resistance.

The vertical axis tidal current turbine involved in the patent of the present invention is obviously different from the turbine disclosed in the invention patent document with the publication number CN201010101286.4 in terms of the main shaft setting method, the blade structure and setting method, and the blade angle of attack control method, and Compared with the water turbine disclosed in the invention patent document with the publication number CN201010101286.4, the water turbine involved in the patent of the present invention improves energy conversion efficiency, maintainability, controllability, and reduces watertight technical difficulty and operation and maintenance costs. Both have achieved remarkable results. For this reason, the Π-type cantilevered vertical axis tidal current turbine involved in the patent of the present invention is completely different from the turbine disclosed in the invention patent document with publication number CN201010101286.4.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Π-type cantilever vertical axis tidal current turbine, which can actively control the angle of attack of the blades and has good maintainability, reliability and controllability of operating conditions. rotary impeller mechanism.

The object of the present invention is achieved in this way: the upper end of the main shaft is provided with a flange, the lower end is provided with a watertight turntable 2, and at least three arc plates are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference of the watertight turntable 2, and each arc plate is provided with Two perforated side plates, a top plate is arranged between the ends of the two perforated side plates, the top plate, the arc plate, and the two perforated side plates form a frame structure, and a blade seat is arranged at the upper end of each frame structure, A control motor is arranged on the blade seat, and the output end of the control motor is connected to a blade shaft, each blade shaft is provided with a load cell, and the end of each blade shaft is connected to a blade, and the watertight turntable 2 is also provided with a charging The power supply and the blade control single-chip microcomputer, and the control motor and the load cell are respectively connected with the blade control single-chip microcomputer.

The present invention also includes such structural features:

1. The number of arc plates is 3-6.

2. There is a T-shaped seat on each holed side plate, and a tensioner is arranged between two adjacent T-shaped seats.

3. The blades are straight wing blades with unequal sections, and the ratio of the chord length of the blade tip, the chord length of the blade root, the blade span length and the diameter of the impeller is 1:2:20:a, wherein a is 20-30.

4. The upper end surface of the frame structure is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the angle between the lower end surface and the horizontal plane is 10°.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the technical problem to be solved by the patent of the present invention is to provide a kind of starting performance, high conversion efficiency, good maintainability, operation controllability and environmental adaptability, It is a high-performance turbine suitable for tidal current energy conversion, which is easy to manufacture, transport and install, maintain and repair, and operate and manage without complex watertight processes.

A Π-type cantilever type vertical axis tidal current water turbine of the present invention, the impact of the tidal current on the blade is transmitted through the blade shaft, the blade seat, the support arm, the watertight turntable and the main shaft to drive the generator to generate electricity and convert the kinetic energy of the tidal current into electrical energy. The invention has the characteristics of good starting performance, high conversion efficiency, good maintainability, high degree of controllability, easy manufacturing, transportation and installation, maintenance and operation management, no complicated watertight process, etc., and is suitable for tidal current energy generation. The charging power source of the present invention is directly charged by the electricity generated by the tidal current generator, and the blade control single-chip microcomputer is used to judge the force on the blade and plan the change of the blade angle of attack, and control the change of the blade angle of attack by receiving and feedbacking signals in real time. The control motor receives the signal of the blade controlling the single-chip microcomputer, and drives the blade and the blade shaft to rotate in the blade seat. The force sensor is used to sense the force on the blade and feed back the force signal to the blade control microcontroller. The blade control single-chip microcomputer, the control motor, and the load cell are all powered by the charging power supply.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of Π-type cantilever type vertical axis tidal current turbine structural general diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the watertight turntable of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the arm of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the blade structure of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the power control system of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Main shaft; 2. Watertight turntable; 3. Flange; 4. Control motor; 5. T-shaped seat; 6. U-shaped ear; 7. Straight wing blades with unequal sections; 9. Blade lower flange; 10. Blade seat; 11. Blade shaft support; 12. Arc plate; 13. Hole side plate; 14. Top plate; 15. Adjusting rod; 16. Blade shaft; 17. Load cell; 18. Charging power supply; 19. Blade control microcontroller; 22. Threaded rod.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the patent of the present invention mainly includes a main shaft 1, a watertight turntable, a support arm (or spoke), a blade, and an electric control system. The main shaft 1 works above the water surface, and the main shaft 1 is used to transmit the rotating mechanical energy to drive the generator to generate electricity; the watertight turntable is used to carry the arm, the blade and the power control system, etc.; There is a connection hole for the support arm, which is used for live connection of the support arm, and a charging power supply and a blade control single-chip microcomputer are installed inside. The support arm is a frame structure for directly carrying the blades; the blades 7 are straight wing blades with unequal cross-sections, which are used to convert the kinetic energy of the tidal current into rotational mechanical energy; the electric control system is used to actively control the change of the deflection angle of the blades , and then control the operation of the turbine. The upper end of the main shaft 1 is provided with a flange 3, which is used to connect other rotating shafts and the watertight turntable 2; the watertight turntable is provided with threaded connection holes, which are used to flexibly connect the support arm; the support arm includes an arc plate 12 , 2 perforated side plates 13 and 1 top plate 14, and are flexibly connected with the watertight turntable through the arc plate; the blade is fixed on the support arm through the blade shaft support 11, and the blade shaft 16 and the blade 7 pass through the blade upper flange 8 It is connected with the blade lower flange 9; the power control system includes a charging power supply 18, a blade control microcontroller 19, a control motor 4, and a load cell 17. The watertight turntable is equipped with a charging power supply and a single-chip microcomputer for blade control; the arc plate of the support arm, the side plate with holes and the top plate are welded and connected to form a frame structure. Hole, the lower projection surface and the horizontal plane form an angle of 10 degrees; the blade shaft is provided with a load cell, and the blade and the blade shaft are controlled to rotate in the blade seat 10 by controlling the motor 4, and the deflection angle is actively changed. The opening side plate of the support arm is connected with a T-shaped seat 5, and the two adjacent T-shaped seats 5 are connected by a tensioner to realize the structural reinforcement of the cantilevered support arm; the blades are unequal cross-section straight wing blades 7 , the blade tip airfoil is NACA0018, the blade root airfoil is NACA0024, and the airfoil is continuous along the lengthwise direction. The ratio of blade tip chord length to blade root chord length, blade span length and impeller diameter is 1:2:20:(20-30); the blade bearing seat and support arm are connected by bolts, which can realize the adjustment of impeller diameter . According to the data of the force sensor on the main shaft 1, processed by the single-chip microcomputer, real-time feedback, the control motor 4 drives the change of the blade deflection angle, optimizes the operation of the turbine, and actively realizes the working condition control. The impact of the tide on the blade is transmitted through the blade shaft, the blade seat, the support arm, the watertight turntable and the main shaft 1 to drive the generator to generate electricity and convert the kinetic energy of the tide into rotational mechanical energy.

The main shaft 1 is a steel cylindrical shaft coated with anti-corrosion paint. The upper end is welded with an upper flange, and the lower end is welded with a watertight turntable. The main shaft 1 is connected to other main shafts 1 through the upper flange. The main shaft 1 is located above the water surface when it works.

The watertight turntable is a steel sealed wheel disk coated with anti-corrosion paint, and there are multiple sets of arm connection screw holes evenly distributed on the side, and each set of support arm connection screw holes is 4, which is used for flexible connection with the arc plate of the support arm. connect. The central position in the watertight turntable is provided with a charging power supply and a blade control single-chip microcomputer.

The support arm includes one arc plate, two perforated side plates and one top plate. One end of the two perforated side plates is welded to the inner side of the arc plate, and the other end is welded to the inner side of the top plate to form a frame structure. The outer wall surface of the arc plate is attached to the outer surface of the side wall of the watertight turntable, and is flexibly connected by screw holes and bolts. The perforated side plate is provided with a plurality of blade seat connecting screw holes, and a trapezoidal hole is provided on the side. The upper surface of the perforated side plate is straight, and the lower side projection forms an angle of 10 degrees with the horizontal plane. One T-shaped seat 5 is respectively arranged on the side of the opening side plate of the support arm, and two adjacent T-shaped seats 5 are connected by a tensioner to strengthen the structure of the cantilevered support arm. Each tensioner is composed of 2 U-shaped ears 6, 2 threaded rods 22 and 1 adjusting rod 15, and the tension degree of the tensioner is controlled by rotating the adjusting rod. The top of each support arm is flexibly connected to one blade seat 10 through four blade seat connecting screw holes. The connecting screw hole of the blade seat on the support arm is multi-hole, and the diameter of the impeller can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the blade seat.

The blades are straight wing blades with variable airfoils and unequal cross-sections, the blade tip airfoil is NACA0018, and the blade root airfoil is NACA0024, which are continuously transitioned along the lengthwise direction. The ratio between blade tip chord length, blade root side length, blade spread length and impeller diameter is 1:2:20:(20～30). The root of the blade is welded with a blade shaft, and the blade is fixed in the blade seat through the blade shaft, and freely rotates in the blade seat, and the position of the blade seat along the top of the support arm is adjustable. Each of the blade shafts is articulated with a load cell for measuring the force on the blade and feeding it back to the blade control single-chip microcomputer.

The power control system includes 1 charging power supply, 1 blade control single-chip microcomputer, 3 control motors 4 (depending on the number of blades), and 3 load cells (depending on the number of blades). The power control system is used to sense the force on the blade, and control the change of the blade angle of attack, and then control the working condition and operation of the impeller; the charging power supply and the blade control single-chip microcomputer are arranged in the middle position inside the watertight turntable, and are connected to the watertight turntable. The charging power source is charged with the electric energy converted by the power flow. Each load cell is connected to the blade shaft of each blade, and is used to collect the force signal of the blade, and feed back to the blade control single-chip microcomputer in real time to plan and control the action of the motor 4 . Each control motor 4 is connected to the corresponding blade seat, and the rotating shaft of the control motor 4 is directly connected to the blade shaft. After receiving the control signal of the blade control microcontroller in real time, the blade shaft is controlled in real time to rotate in the blade seat to control the blade angle of attack. changes, and then control the working conditions and operation of the turbine. The blade control single-chip microcomputer, three control motors 4, and three load cells are all powered by a charging power supply.

Said Π-type cantilever vertical axis tidal current turbine, the impact of the tidal current on each blade passes through the respective blade shaft, blade base, support arm, watertight turntable and main shaft 1 to drive the generator to generate electricity and convert the kinetic energy of the tidal current into electrical energy.

The Π-type cantilever vertical axis tidal current turbine has good starting performance, high conversion efficiency, good maintainability, high controllability, easy production, manufacturing, installation, maintenance and repair, convenient operation and management, and does not require complicated watertight processes And other characteristics, suitable for tidal current energy generation.

The specific application and working process of a Π-type cantilevered vertical axis tidal turbine involved in the present invention:

A Π-type cantilevered vertical axis tidal current turbine can be in the form of 3-6 blades, connected in the structure and manner shown in Figures 1-5, and fixed under the floating platform or special ship, connected to the tidal current generator. When there is a tidal current, the tidal current exerts a load on the blade, and the load of the blade transmits the rotational torque through the blade shaft, the blade seat, the support arm, the watertight turntable and the main shaft 1, and converts the kinetic energy of the tidal current into rotational mechanical energy, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity. Finally, the kinetic energy of the tidal current is converted into electrical energy.

When the tidal flow velocity or other environmental conditions change, the load on the blade changes, the load cell on the blade shaft senses the force on the blade, and transmits the force on the blade to the blade control microcontroller in the watertight turntable, and controls the microcontroller according to the blade The internal control strategy determines the change strategy of the blade angle of attack, forms a control signal, plans the action of the blade control motor 4 in real time, controls the change of the blade angle of attack in real time, realizes the real-time active optimization control of the blade motion, and then realizes the active control of the working conditions and operation of the turbine. control.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of Π type Cantilevered vertical shaft type trend hydraulic turbine, it is characterised in that: the upper end of main shaft is provided with flange, lower end is set It is equipped with watertight turntable, at least three arc plates are equidistantly provided in the circumferential direction of the watertight turntable, are provided with two on each arc plate A aperture side plate, top plate is provided between the end of two aperture side plates, and top plate, arc plate, two aperture side plates constitute frame-type knots Structure is provided with blade seat in the upper end of each tower structure, control motor is provided on blade seat, controls the output end of motor It is connected with sharf, load cell is provided on each sharf, the end of each sharf is connected with blade, the watertight Charge power supply and blade control single chip computer are additionally provided in turntable, the control motor and load cell are controlled with blade respectively Single-chip microcontroller connection；It is provided with a T-type seat on each aperture side plate, is provided with a stretcher between two neighboring T-type seat.

2. a kind of Π type Cantilevered vertical shaft type trend hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the arc plate Number is 3-6.

3. a kind of Π type Cantilevered vertical shaft type trend hydraulic turbine according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the leaf Piece is unequal section stright wing vane, and the ratio between blade tip chord length, blade root chord length, span of foil and impeller diameter are 1:2:20:a, wherein a It is 20~30.

4. a kind of Π type Cantilevered vertical shaft type trend hydraulic turbine according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the frame The upper surface of rack and panel construction is parallel to the horizontal plane, the angle between lower end surface and horizontal plane is 10 °.

5. a kind of Π type Cantilevered vertical shaft type trend hydraulic turbine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the frame-type The upper surface of structure is parallel to the horizontal plane, the angle between lower end surface and horizontal plane is 10 °.