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CN107711881B - Molecular intercalation quality inducer before Lingwu long jujube picking - Google Patents

Molecular intercalation quality inducer before Lingwu long jujube picking Download PDF

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CN107711881B
CN107711881B CN201710816614.0A CN201710816614A CN107711881B CN 107711881 B CN107711881 B CN 107711881B CN 201710816614 A CN201710816614 A CN 201710816614A CN 107711881 B CN107711881 B CN 107711881B
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acid
component
quality
spraying
lingwu long
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CN107711881A (en
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李喜宏
潘艳芳
杨维巧
张宇峥
朱刚
李�杰
汪轩羽
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TIANJIN LVXIN LOW TEMPERATURE TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Tianjin Lvxin Low Temperature Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
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Abstract

The invention relates to a molecular intercalation quality inducer before Lingwu long jujube picking, which consists of a component A and a component B, and specifically comprises the following components: the component A comprises: the feed additive comprises 0.2-0.5 g/L of manganese sulfate, zinc acetate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, an SOD preparation, calcium chloride, linoleic acid, acetic acid, methyl jasmonate and arginine; the component B comprises: comprises indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinolide, phytic acid and graphene. Aiming at the quality improvement before picking in four aspects of color, aroma, taste and mouthfeel of Lingwu long jujubes, the quality improver A and the quality inducer B are respectively prepared, and the components have synergistic effect, so that the plant absorption effect is improved, the fruit ripening is promoted, and the qualities such as color, sugar degree, crispness and the like are improved.

Description

Molecular intercalation quality inducer before Lingwu long jujube picking
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit and vegetable ripeners, and relates to a molecular intercalation quality inducer before picking of Lingwu long jujubes.
Background
Specificity of Lingwu long jujube: the jujube generally has double characteristics of fresh eating and processing, but the individuation characteristic of the Lingwu long jujube is a typical fresh food variety, and the jujube can be drunk, softened and rotten only 3-5 days at normal temperature, commonly called as 3 days wilting, 5 days softening and 7 days over half loss at normal temperature. The Lingwu long jujube is the second highest quality fresh food variety, has large fruit appearance and moderate sour and sweet taste, is second to the winter jujube, but has far lower storage resistance than the winter jujube. The Lingwu long jujube has compact structure, the greatest advantage of fresh eating, and the best eating after more than 90 percent of red-colored picking. Unlike winter jujube, it is edible with red-green color of its peel (most of it is ochre red, and the small one is milky green).
1) Color-slow coloring, uneven coloring of fruit surfaces: the Lingwu long jujube is a fresh fruit and can be picked and eaten after turning red completely, and the most important grading standard of the Lingwu long jujube is red, which is red enough and even.
2) aroma-Lingwu long jujube increases yield and the aroma quality decreases: the aroma components in fructus Jujubae are mainly the products of fatty acid biosynthesis by lipoxygenase enzyme.
3) Taste-little sugar accumulation, discordant sugar acids: the Lingwu date belongs to sucrose accumulation type and malic acid dominant type varieties, the sucrose accumulation is mainly used in the later development stage of fruits, and the organic acid in the fruits is mainly malic acid.
4) Mouthfeel-tough pericarp, poor mouthfeel: the fruit setting rate is improved, the large fruit rate is pursued, and meanwhile, the physiological regulator is excessively used, so that the problem of thick jujube peel is caused.
5) Soft texture and low brittleness: when the jujube fruit turns red from green, pectinase in the fruit is greatly increased, and the brittleness of the jujube is reduced.
The patent is compared, and the problem of other products, namely what the inducer has before the harvest:
(1) the invention patent application 201310527046.4 discloses a quality improver prepared from a plant source nutrient solution, polyamine, brassinolide, an amino acid nutrient solution, a salicylic acid preparation, an improved ethylene inhibitor and a mineral multi-element nutrient solution or preparation, which can meet requirements of fruits on endogenous growth hormone, fruit nutrition and storage quality in a staged and multi-level manner, but mainly aims at southern dominant fruits such as waxberries, grapes, honey pears and the like, and has unknown application effect on Lingwu Changzao jujubes.
(2) The invention patent application 201610387017.6 provides a fruit inducing colorant composition, which mainly comprises natural abscisic acid, isopentenyladenine, ammonium molybdate, glycine and the like; the invention patent application 201310637729.5 discloses a method for processing pineapple fruits by using a solution compounded by methionine, sucrose and tween; and soaking the pineapple fruits in the solution for 10-12 minutes to improve the aroma components in the pineapple fruits and the like. The above patents all aim at improving the unilateral quality of the fruits before picking, and do not relate to the comprehensive improvement of the appearance and the nutritional quality of the fruits, such as color, aroma, taste, mouthfeel and the like.
(3) According to the invention patent application 201310641905.2, gibberellic acid, benayl aminopurine, brassinolide and the like are prepared into a fruit beautifying agent, and the fruit beautifying agent is sprayed before the red Fuji apples are picked, so that the quality and the fruit shape index can be improved, and the coloring degree and the smoothness of the surfaces of the red Fuji fruits are increased. However, the existing gibberellic acid, brassinolide and the like have low utilization rate, short active action time and weak activity, the graphene is introduced, the gibberellic acid and the like are inserted into a graphene two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure in a molecular form under the action of ultrasonic, and the powdery graphene intercalation compound is obtained through organic fusion, is more efficiently transferred along with an electron transfer chain in a plant body, is improved in utilization rate, is prolonged in active action time and is enhanced in activity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the quality improvement before harvesting in the four aspects of the color, the fragrance, the taste and the mouthfeel of the Lingwu long jujube, the quality improver A and the quality inducer B are respectively prepared, and the components have synergistic effect, so that the plant absorption effect is improved, the fruit ripening is promoted, and the qualities such as color, sugar degree, crispness and the like are improved.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
a molecular intercalation quality inducer before Lingwu long jujube picking comprises a component A and a component B, and specifically comprises the following components:
the component A comprises: the feed additive comprises 0.2-0.5 g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of zinc acetate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of boric acid, 0.3-0.6 g/L, SOD g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 g/L of calcium chloride, 10-20 mmol/L of linoleic acid, 5-15 mmol/L of acetic acid, 5.0-10 mg/L of methyl jasmonate and 5.0-10 mg/L of arginine;
the component B comprises: comprises 0.3-1.0 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 20-40 mg/L of gibberellic acid, 0.1-1.0 mg/L of brassinolide, 10-20 mg/L of phytic acid and 2-8 mg/L of graphene.
Moreover, the preparation method is as follows:
the component A comprises: dissolving 10-20 mmol/L linoleic acid, 5-15 mmol/L acetic acid and 5.0-10 mg/L arginine in water according to a preset requirement, stirring for 10-30 min at 40-50 ℃, then adding 0.2-0.5 g/L manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L zinc acetate, 0.1-0.3 g/L boric acid and 0.3-0.6 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate into the obtained solution, uniformly stirring, finally adding 1.0-2.0 g/L SOD preparation and 5-10 g/L calcium chloride into the solution, and fixing the volume to 1L of mixed solution;
the component B comprises: dissolving 0.1-1.0 mg/L of brassinolide, 0.3-1.0 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 20-40 mg/L of gibberellic acid and 10-20 mg/L of phytic acid with a small amount of ethanol, adding the mixture into water, stirring the mixture at 40-50 ℃ until the mixture is uniformly dissolved to form a mixed intercalator solution, adding 2-8 mg/L of graphene, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 30-50 kHz for 20-30 min, and carrying out constant volume treatment to 1L to obtain a stable powdery graphene intercalation mixed solution B;
moreover, the method of use is as follows: spraying the component A on the leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces 1-30 days before picking of Lingwu long jujubes, spraying the component B every other day, diluting by 500 times, spraying for 1-3 times respectively, and spraying in a cross manner, wherein the spraying dosage is 2-3L per time for each tree.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the arginine added in the components of the invention can be used as a synthetic precursor of ester substances in fruits to improve the flavor composition of the Lingwu date fruits, and also can generate precursor substances of important messenger molecules in plants such as polyamine, nitric oxide and the like, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of the Lingwu date, inhibiting the generation of ethylene and delaying senescence. Thereby integrally forming a whole-course mode of 'quality improvement before picking + active preservation after picking'.
2. The gibberellic acid, the brassinolide and the indoleacetic acid are used as broad-spectrum plant growth regulators and are mixed with the graphene, the mixture is inserted into a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure of the graphene in a molecular form after ultrasonic action, and the graphene intercalation compound is organically fused to obtain a powdery graphene intercalation compound.
3. The invention firstly sprays the component A and adds dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, reduces the water potential of guard cells by accumulating potassium ions, and ensures that the guard cells absorb water and swell, thereby opening air holes, and spraying the component B every other day can accelerate the conduction rate of the active ingredients of the component B and effectively promote the effect of the component B on fruits. The phytic acid added in the component B can seal pores of the Lingwu long jujube peel, reduce transpiration, prevent the loss of effective components, and realize perfect synergy of the two components.
4. The invention provides a corresponding solution aiming at the problems provided by the background technology, which comprises the following steps: SOD preparation is added to improve the flavor and quality of the jujube, and the peel is thin and the meat is compact and crisp; gibberellic acid delays the accumulation of lignin in the peel, so that the peel is thinned; calcium chloride increases the protoplasm elasticity and keeps the crispness of Lingwu long jujube; adding photosynthesis promoter manganese sulfate, zinc acetate and boric acid, spraying exogenous substances to Lingwu jujubes to promote photosynthesis of fruits, induce formation of anthocyanin in the fruits, and promote coloring and hyperchromia of the fruits; the addition of gibberellic acid can improve the sugar content of the fruits and reduce the content of organic acid; the brassinolide can increase the sugar-acid ratio of fruit and increase the fragrance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A molecular intercalation quality inducer for Lingwu long jujube before harvest comprises component A, B, wherein,
the component A comprises: the feed additive comprises 0.2-0.5 g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of zinc acetate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of boric acid, 0.3-0.6 g/L, SOD g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 g/L of calcium chloride, 10-20 mmol/L of linoleic acid, 5-15 mmol/L of acetic acid, 5.0-10 mg/L of methyl jasmonate and 5.0-10 mg/L of arginine;
the component B comprises: comprises 0.3-1.0 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 20-40 mg/L of gibberellic acid, 0.1-1.0 mg/L of brassinolide, 10-20 mg/L of phytic acid and 2-8 mg/L of graphene.
2. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the component A comprises: dissolving 10-20 mmol/L linoleic acid, 5-15 mmol/L acetic acid and 5.0-10 mg/L arginine in water according to a preset requirement, stirring for 10-30 min at 40-50 ℃, then adding 0.2-0.5 g/L manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L zinc acetate, 0.1-0.3 g/L boric acid and 0.3-0.6 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate into the obtained solution, uniformly stirring, finally adding 1.0-2.0 g/L SOD preparation and 5-10 g/L calcium chloride into the solution, and fixing the volume to 1L of mixed solution;
the component B comprises: dissolving 0.1-1.0 mg/L of brassinolide, 0.3-1.0 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 20-40 mg/L of gibberellic acid and 10-20 mg/L of phytic acid with a small amount of ethanol, adding the mixture into water, stirring the mixture at 40-50 ℃ until the mixture is uniformly dissolved to form a mixed intercalator solution, adding 2-8 mg/L of graphene, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 30-50 kHz for 20-30 min, and carrying out constant volume treatment to 1L to obtain a stable powdery graphene intercalation mixed solution B;
the invention provides a use method of a molecular intercalation quality inducer before Lingwu long jujube picking, which comprises the following steps:
spraying the component A on the leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces 1-30 days before the harvest of Lingwu long jujubes, spraying the component B every other day, diluting by 500 times, spraying for 1-3 times respectively, and spraying in a cross way. The spraying dosage is 2-3L per time of each tree, and the spraying is based on that a layer of water mist is formed on the surface layer of the leaf surface but does not drop.
During collection, 60 fruits which have consistent maturity, no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical injuries and have the typical characteristics of Lingwu long jujubes are randomly selected respectively to compare test effects, indexes such as soluble solid matters, titratable acid, hardness, color and luster, aroma and the like are measured, and clear water treatment is used as a comparison. Spraying and spraying control with all the components integrated together.
TABLE 1 influence of different treatments on the quality of Lingwu long jujube
Figure BDA0001405228720000041
Figure BDA0001405228720000051
TABLE 2 coloring and grading of Lingwu Changzao date fruit
Rank of State of coloration Representative value
I The fruit is all green 0
II The fruit surface is slightly colored, and the red color accounts for 1/3 1
III Moderate coloration, red 1/2 2
IV Basic coloring, red color 2/3 3
V Bright red, full coloring of fruit surface 4
TABLE 3 Effect of inventive treatment on coloring rate of Lingwu Changzao jujube fruit
Figure BDA0001405228720000052
The coloring index (%) ═ Σ (number of fruits per stage × representative value per stage)/(total number of fruits × highest representative value) × 100%
TABLE 4 Effect of inventive treatment on the aroma components and contents of Lingwu Changzao jujube fruit
Figure BDA0001405228720000053
Figure BDA0001405228720000061
As can be seen from tables 1, 3 and 4, the pre-harvest quality inducer treatment can obviously increase coloring of the Lingwu Changzao jujube fruits, the appearance is bright red, the sugar-acid ratio is increased, the taste and flavor are increased, 7 kinds of fragrance components are newly added, the total amount of fragrance substances is increased by 73.11%, and the fruit quality is obviously improved.
The advantages of the corresponding components in the invention are illustrated as follows:
1. photosynthesis promoters: manganese sulfate, zinc acetate and boric acid. In the absence of zinc, the formation of carbonic anhydrase is hindered, carbon dioxide cannot hydrate to bicarbonate ions, and photosynthesis cannot proceed. In the photosynthesis process, the hydrogen released by the water light explanation reduces the carbon dioxide, while the manganese is an activator for the water light explanation of the hydrogen release process, and the water photolysis can not be carried out and the photosynthesis can not be carried out without the manganese. The photosynthesis can be continued only by continuously transporting the product of photosynthesis, namely carbohydrate, while boron plays an important role in the transportation of carbohydrate, and in the absence of boron, a large amount of carbohydrate is accumulated in leaves, so that the photosynthesis is difficult to continue. It can be seen that zinc, manganese and boron can promote photosynthesis, but they have different functions and cannot be replaced by each other.
2. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate: on one hand, the dipotassium phosphate can promote photosynthesis and fruit coloring by increasing the chlorophyll content of leaves. On the other hand, stomatal movement is mainly caused by potassium ion regulation of a guard cell osmotic system, potassium ion accumulation reduces the water potential of the guard cell, and the guard cell absorbs water and swells, so that stomatal pores are opened, and therefore, the stomatal conductance of the surfaces of leaves and fruits is improved. After the component A is sprayed, the opening degree of air holes is increased, and the component B is sprayed every other day, so that the conduction rate of active ingredients in the component B can be accelerated, and the action effect of the component B can be effectively promoted.
3. Phytic acid: the phytic acid is extracted and purified from grain seed processing byproducts, and is safe and nontoxic. The spraying agent is applied to spraying of Lingwu long jujube before picking, can seal pores of Lingwu long jujube peel, reduce water loss and resist infection of external pathogenic bacteria; also is a good antioxidant, and can remarkably inhibit Vc oxidation of Lingwu long jujube.
4. Arginine: the product can be used as synthetic precursor of esters in fruits to improve flavor composition of fructus Jujubae, and also can be used for generating precursor of important messenger molecules in plants such as polyamine and nitrogen monoxide, enhancing disease resistance of fructus Jujubae, inhibiting ethylene generation, and delaying aging.
5. Graphene: photosynthetic respiration is essential for the normal life and yield development of plants, while carbon source is also essential in the photosynthetic respiration process of plants. Electron transport and phosphorus oxide in the respiratory chainThe acidification is continuously carried out. Graphene is a carbon atom sp2Hybrid orbitals form bonds, and the carbon material is formed in a six-membered ring structure and has a single-layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure. The unique structure of the graphene brings unique properties to the graphene, such as extremely high electron mobility, conductivity and the like. When electrons in the graphene move in an orbit, scattering does not occur due to lattice defects or introduction of foreign atoms. Due to the fact that the interatomic force is very strong, even if the surrounding carbon atoms are extruded and collided at normal temperature, interference on electrons in the graphene is very small.
6. Gibberellic acid, brassinolide, indoleacetic acid: as a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, the plant growth regulator can promote the growth and development of crops, make the crops mature early, improve the quality and the like. And all the effects of improving the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit, increasing the fragrance and the like are reported.
The plant growth regulator is mixed with graphene, and the mixture is inserted into a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure of the graphene after ultrasonic action, so that a powdery graphene intercalation compound is obtained through organic fusion, on one hand, the absorption and utilization efficiency of the regulator in a plant body can be improved, and on the other hand, high biological activity of an action effect can be kept. In addition, the ultrasonic treatment can also be used as the synergistic treatment of the gibberellic acid.
SOD preparation: the SOD preparation is sprayed for several times in the fruit growing period, so that the normal growing fruit is rich in SOD, the nutritive value of the fruit is improved, the fruit has the effects of resisting oxidation, preventing aging and the like, and the shelf life of the fruit can be prolonged. The SOD preparation can be sprayed to improve the activity of endogenous SOD in the jujube, and is beneficial to the accumulation of fruit nutrition. Meanwhile, the SOD preparation is sprayed to thin jujube peel, so that the jujube peel is compact and crisp in meat quality and has better flavor and taste.
8. Calcium chloride: on one hand, the protoplasm elasticity is increased, and the crispness of Lingwu long jujube is kept; on the other hand, calcium ion is an important second messenger in the signal transduction system of cells, and realizes the function of regulating the cell metabolism through calmodulin. Calmodulin itself is inactive, has an absolute dependence on calcium as intracellular Ca2+The receptor binding protein can be combined with multiple kinases for signal transmission, so that the quality change information before the harvest of Lingwu long jujube can be improvedThe signal transmission efficiency enables the fruit to respond to the change rapidly and take counter measures, which is beneficial to improving the quality.

Claims (1)

1. A molecular intercalation quality inducer before Lingwu long jujube picking is characterized in that: the paint consists of a component A and a component B, and specifically comprises the following components:
the component A comprises: the feed additive comprises 0.2-0.5 g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g/L of zinc acetate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of boric acid, 0.3-0.6 g/L, SOD g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 g/L of calcium chloride, 10-20 mmol/L of linoleic acid, 5-15 mmol/L of acetic acid, 5.0-10 mg/L of methyl jasmonate and 5.0-10 mg/L of arginine;
the component B comprises: comprises 0.3-1.0 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 20-40 mg/L of gibberellic acid, 0.1-1.0 mg/L of brassinolide, 10-20 mg/L of phytic acid and 2-8 mg/L of graphene;
spraying the component A on the leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces 1-30 days before picking of Lingwu long jujubes, spraying the component B every other day, diluting by 500 times, spraying for 1-3 times respectively, and spraying in a cross manner, wherein the spraying dosage is 2-3L per time for each tree.
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