CN107723054A - 一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法，该工艺利用生物质发酵制备脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐，进而通过减压蒸馏及催化加氢反应得到成品润滑油。制备而成的环保生物基润滑油，其环保安全、无有害挥发成分、润滑效果好，具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油这一技术领域，特别涉及到一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法。
背景技术
绿色润滑油又可以叫做可生物降解润滑油或者环境友好润滑油，它指的是润滑油的生态效应：润滑油本身及其耗损产物不会对生态环境造成危害，在一定程度上为环境所容许。绿色润滑油在生物降解的过程中，首先通过微生物自身产生的分解酶裂解烃类物质，然后进一步氧化并分解为小分子，直至CO2和H2O，最终达到降解的目的，其过程中伴随有物质的损失、H2O和CO2的生成、O2的消耗、能量的释放和微生物量的增加等过程，这要求产品符合润滑油的规格性能要求的同时能被微生物在较短时间内分解，对周围环境不造成危害。一般情况下，润滑油中的基础油占85％以上，所以基础油的选择对润滑油的性能表现来说至关重要。一般所说的绿色润滑油的基础油主要有合成酯、天然植物油、聚醚等。其中植物油是可再生资源。植物油具有清洁和丰富的特性，植物种植范围较广，技术门槛较低，此外其提炼及加工技术也已经十分成熟，因此其来源十分广泛并且相对价格较低，工艺处理能耗也较低。另外，植物在生长过程中可以利用二氧化碳进行同化作用和能量储备，对于缓解目前越来越严重的温室效应来说是具有重大意义的。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法，该工艺利用生物质发酵制备脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐，进而通过减压蒸馏及催化加氢反应得到成品润滑油。制备而成的环保生物基润滑油，其环保安全、无有害挥发成分、润滑效果好，具有较好的应用前景。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）通过生物质的发酵来制备C2-C7挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐；
（2）对所述挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐进行减压蒸馏，从而获得轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐；
（3）将步骤（2）中的轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐加入单反应器进行加氢处理，经催化剂反应转化成链烷烃混合物，即为成品润滑油。
优选地，所述步骤（1）中的发酵条件为持续保温42℃，湿度56%，发酵时间为72-80h。
优选地，所述步骤（1）中的生物质为稻谷糠、玉米秸秆、菊芋、棉花秸秆、高粱杆中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述步骤（2）中的减压蒸馏流速为0.8-1滴/秒。
优选地，所述步骤（3）中的催化剂为Pd、Pt、 Rh、Ru、Ni、Cu、V、Fe、Co、Mo、W、NiMo、CoMo、NiW或CoW中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述步骤（3）中的加氢条件为320巴的氢气压力，530-550℃。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果为：
（1）本发明的一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法利用生物质发酵制备脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐，进而通过减压蒸馏及催化加氢反应得到成品润滑油。制备而成的环保生物基润滑油，其环保安全、无有害挥发成分、润滑效果好，具有较好的应用前景。
（2）本发明的环保生物基润滑油原料易得、工艺简单，适于大规模工业化运用，实用性强。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
（1）通过稻谷糠、玉米秸秆、菊芋、棉花秸秆、高粱杆的发酵来制备C2-C7挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐，发酵条件为持续保温42℃，湿度56%，发酵时间为80h；
（2）对所述挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐进行减压蒸馏，蒸馏流速为1滴/秒，从而获得轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐；
（3）将步骤（2）中的轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐加入单反应器进行加氢处理，加氢条件为320巴的氢气压力，550℃，经Pt催化剂反应转化成链烷烃混合物，即为成品润滑油。
制得的环保生物基润滑油的性能测试结果如表1所示。
实施例2
（1）通过稻谷糠、玉米秸秆、菊芋、棉花秸秆、高粱杆的发酵来制备C2-C7挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐，发酵条件为持续保温42℃，湿度56%，发酵时间为72h；
（2）对所述挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐进行减压蒸馏，蒸馏流速为0.8滴/秒，从而获得轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐；
（3）将步骤（2）中的轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐加入单反应器进行加氢处理，加氢条件为320巴的氢气压力， 530℃，经Pt催化剂反应转化成链烷烃混合物，即为成品润滑油。
制得的环保生物基润滑油的性能测试结果如表1所示。
对比例1
（1）通过稻谷糠、玉米秸秆、菊芋、棉花秸秆、高粱杆的发酵来制备C2-C7挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐，发酵条件为持续保温42℃，湿度56%，发酵时间为48h；
（2）对所述挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐进行减压蒸馏，蒸馏流速为1滴/秒，从而获得轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐；
（3）将步骤（2）中的轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐加入单反应器进行加氢处理，加氢条件为250巴的氢气压力， 550℃，经Pt催化剂反应转化成链烷烃混合物，即为成品润滑油。
制得的环保生物基润滑油的性能测试结果如表1所示。
将实施例1-2和对比例的制得的环保生物基润滑油及市售常见润滑油分别进行运动粘度、倾点、磨斑直径WSD、蒸发损失率（试验后润滑油剪切粘度）这几项性能测试。
表1
| 运动粘度（40℃，mm2/s） | 倾点，℃ | WSD(mm) | 蒸发损失率（试验后润滑油剪切粘度，mPas） | |
| 实施例1 | 108 | -12 | 0.337 | 5%;20000 |
| 实施例2 | 121 | -14 | 0.241 | 7%;24000 |
| 对比例1 | 156 | -3 | 0.972 | 27%;65000 |
| 市售M牌润滑油 | 135 | -5 | 0.782 | 35%;75000 |
本发明的一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法利用生物质发酵制备脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐，进而通过减压蒸馏及催化加氢反应得到成品润滑油。制备而成的环保生物基润滑油，其环保安全、无有害挥发成分、润滑效果好，具有较好的应用前景。本发明的环保生物基润滑油原料易得、工艺简单，适于大规模工业化运用，实用性强。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种环保生物基润滑油制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）通过生物质的发酵来制备C2-C7挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐；
（2）对所述挥发性脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐进行减压蒸馏，从而获得轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐；
（3）将步骤（2）中的轻质脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐加入单反应器进行加氢处理，经催化剂反应转化成链烷烃混合物，即为成品润滑油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保生物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中的发酵条件为持续保温42℃，湿度56%，发酵时间为72-80h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保生物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中的生物质为稻谷糠、玉米秸秆、菊芋、棉花秸秆、高粱杆中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保生物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中的减压蒸馏流速为0.8-1滴/秒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保生物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中的催化剂为Pd、Pt、 Rh、Ru、Ni、Cu、V、Fe、Co、Mo、W、NiMo、CoMo、NiW或CoW中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保生物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中的加氢条件为320巴的氢气压力，530-550℃。
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| CN102906229A (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2013-01-30 | Sk新技术株式会社 | 使用生物质制备运输燃料或润滑油基础油的方法 |
| CN103180273A (zh) * | 2010-10-21 | 2013-06-26 | Sk新技术株式会社 | 由生物质或有机废物制备碳氢化合物的方法 |
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| US5874263A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1999-02-23 | The Texas A&M University System | Method and apparatus for producing organic acids |
| US5969189A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-10-19 | The Texas A&M University System | Thermal conversion of volatile fatty acid salts to ketones |
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| US7351559B2 (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2008-04-01 | Zeachem, Inc. | Process for producing ethanol |
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