CN107782912B - Piezoelectric acceleration sensor - Google Patents
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- CN107782912B CN107782912B CN201710995259.8A CN201710995259A CN107782912B CN 107782912 B CN107782912 B CN 107782912B CN 201710995259 A CN201710995259 A CN 201710995259A CN 107782912 B CN107782912 B CN 107782912B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/09—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up
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Abstract
The invention discloses a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, which comprises a signal acquisition circuit, a filter circuit and an operational amplifier, wherein the signal acquisition circuit is provided with a piezoelectric element and is suitable for acquiring piezoelectric charges representing the acceleration, and the signal acquisition circuit is arranged between the inverting input end and the power supply input end of the operational amplifier; and the filter circuit is arranged between the non-inverting input terminal and the power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of equipment monitoring, in particular to a piezoelectric type acceleration sensor.
Background
The mechanical vibration monitoring system is widely applied to industries such as metallurgy, petrifaction, electric power, chemical engineering, papermaking, pharmacy, mechanical manufacturing and the like. For example, in an application environment where a large number of mechanical devices such as motors, pumps, fans, compressors, and transmissions continuously operate, the operating state of the devices can be grasped in time by monitoring changes in physical quantities such as vibration amplitude, frequency, and direction of these rotary machines. An on-line monitoring system is generally adopted for key equipment, and the storage space of a computer is utilized to record the operation parameters (including vibration acceleration, speed, displacement and other parameters) of the equipment, so that once the equipment has a fault precursor, an alarm can be given in time and fault information can be collected as much as possible, reliable data is provided for solving the fault phenomenon and analyzing the fault reason, and a daily database, a historical database and an alarm database are automatically generated by the system.
Due to the particularity of the field working condition of the equipment in the coal mine industry, large-area and long-distance wiring is inconvenient to carry out. Therefore, a semi-online monitoring system is often adopted, that is, the acceleration sensor for vibration monitoring transmits the acquired data to the acquisition station in real time, the acquisition station is responsible for caching the data acquired by each sensor, and then the data in the acquisition station is periodically copied back to the upper computer by the point inspection personnel. In view of the fact that all the semi-online monitoring systems use batteries for power supply, the requirements on power consumption of the acquisition station and each sensor are very high in order to guarantee the cruising ability of the system.
At present, the vibration acceleration sensor applied to the monitoring system usually adopts a built-in IEPE circuit, and the conventional IEPE type acceleration sensor has the following disadvantages: 1) the sensor adopts 24V power supply voltage, and usually, low-power consumption acquisition systems do not support the high power supply voltage; 2) the power consumption of a single sensor is about 48mW, and the power consumption is too large, so that the cruising ability of a battery of the monitoring system is greatly shortened; 3) the electrification establishment time of the sensor is long, usually 2-3 seconds, and for a monitoring system adopting an intermittent acquisition strategy, the long establishment time consumes energy without end.
Therefore, the invention provides a novel acceleration sensor to meet the requirements of reducing power consumption and enhancing endurance of a detection system.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a piezoelectric type acceleration sensor, which effectively solves at least one problem.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, comprising a signal acquisition circuit, a filter circuit and an operational amplifier, wherein the signal acquisition circuit has a piezoelectric element adapted to acquire a piezoelectric charge representing an acceleration magnitude, the signal acquisition circuit is arranged between an inverting input terminal and a power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier; and the filter circuit is arranged between the non-inverting input terminal and the power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier.
Optionally, in the piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to the present invention, the signal acquisition circuit includes: arranged at the supply input (V)ref) A first resistor (R) connected in series with the ground terminal1) And a second resistance (R)2) (ii) a Is arranged at the first resistor (R)1) A tenth capacitance (C) across10) And a piezoelectric element (Y)1) And a tenth capacitance (C)10) And a piezoelectric core (Y)1) Are connected in series; and an eighth resistor (R)8) One end of the first resistor is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the other end is connected with the first resistor (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) In the meantime.
Optionally, in the piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to the present invention, the filter network includes: eleventh resistor (R)11) One end of the resistor is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the resistor is connected with a ninth resistor (R)9) And an eleventh capacitance (C)11) Connecting; ninth resistor (R)9) One end of which is connected to the power supply input (V)ref) Connected to the other end of the eleventh capacitor (C)11) And an eleventh resistance (R)11) Connecting; and an eleventh capacitance (C)11) One end of which is connected with a ninth resistor (R)9) And an eleventh resistance (R)11) Connected and the other end is grounded.
Optionally, in the piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to the present invention, a feedback network (Z) is further included, the feedback network being arranged between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifierf) One end of the resistor is connected to the first resistor (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) And the other end is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier.
Optionally, in the piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to the present invention, further including a voltage adaptation unit, an input end of which is connected to the power supply, and an output end of which is connected to the power supply input end, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor further includes: a voltage reference network (U) arranged between the input and the output of the voltage adaptation unit1) (ii) a A third capacitor (C) arranged between the output terminal and the ground terminal3) (ii) a And a fourth capacitor (C) arranged between the input terminal and the ground terminal4)。
Alternatively, in the piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to the present invention, the piezoelectric element is made of piezoelectric ceramics.
According to the piezoelectric acceleration sensor, the in-phase input end and the reverse-phase input end of the operational amplifier are balanced in time constant by adding the filter circuit, so that the operational amplifier is enabled to enter a working state quickly and stably.
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To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings, which are indicative of various ways in which the principles disclosed herein may be practiced, and all aspects and equivalents thereof are intended to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Throughout this disclosure, like reference numerals generally refer to like parts or elements.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor 100 according to an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a voltage adaptation unit 150 according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor 100 includes at least: operational amplifier 110, signal acquisition circuit 120, and filter circuit 130. The signal acquisition circuit 120 has a piezoelectric element disposed therein, and the piezoelectric element is made of piezoelectric ceramics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Optionally, the inverting input of the operational amplifier 110 is connected to the signal acquisition circuit 120, and the other end of the signal acquisition circuit 120 is connected to the power supply input (V) of the sensor 100ref). When the sensor 100 is powered on, it is directed to the piezoelectric element (Y)1) Charging; meanwhile, a filter circuit 130 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 110 to ensure the piezoelectric element (Y) is in the direction of the piezoelectric element (Y)1) While charging, the filter network 130 is also being charged. Thus, the operational amplifier 110 can be quickly and smoothly brought into a normal operating state to provide a stable output once the piezoelectric element (Y) is mounted1) After charging is completed, the entire circuit is completed and the sensor 100 enters an operating state. And a rear piezoelectric element (Y)1) Corresponding piezoelectric charges are generated according to the data to be monitored, amplified by the operational amplifier 110 and then output, so that the rear-end acquisition station can determine that the acceleration is largeIs small.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the signal acquisition circuit 120 is in addition to the piezoelectric element (Y)1) Besides, the method also comprises the following steps: a first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) Eighth resistor (R)8) And a tenth capacitance (C)10). Wherein the first resistor (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) Connected in series at the supply input (V)ref) And ground, more specifically, a first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R) connected to ground2) And a power supply input terminal (V)ref) Are connected. Eighth resistor (R)8) Is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 110, and the other end is connected to a first resistor (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) In the meantime. Tenth capacitance (C)10) And a piezoelectric element (Y)1) Connected in series and arranged at a first resistance (R)1) At both ends of the same.
Depending on the desired configuration, the filter circuit 130 includes: ninth resistor (R)9) Eleventh resistor (R)11) And an eleventh capacitance (C)11). Wherein, the eleventh resistor (R)11) Is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 110, and the other terminal is connected to a ninth resistor (R)9) And an eleventh capacitance (C)11) And forming an RC filter network. Ninth resistor (R)9) And one end of (V) and a power supply input endref) Connected to the other end of the eleventh capacitor (C)11) And an eleventh resistance (R)11) Connected, an eleventh capacitor (C)11) One terminal and the ninth resistor (R)9) And an eleventh resistance (R)11) Connected and the other end is grounded.
When the piezoelectric element (Y)1) When the charging process is completed, the operational amplifier 110 needs a re-stabilization process due to the asynchronous input terminal, so that the setup time of the whole circuit is prolonged. According to an implementation of the present invention, the first capacitor (C) is arranged at the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 11010) And a piezoelectric core (Y)1) The capacitors are connected in series, so that the charging time constants of the capacitors on two sides of the in-phase input end and the reverse-phase input end are the same, the charging on two sides is finished simultaneously, the balance is achieved, and no generation of the balance occursThe charging and discharging oscillation process enables the operational amplifier 110 to enter a stable state quickly. Optionally, a ninth resistor (R)9) And an eleventh capacitance (C)11) Value of (a) and the piezoelectric element (Y)1) Correlation is performed to ensure that the time constants of the non-inverting input and the inverting input of the operational amplifier 110 are matched.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the sensor 100 further comprises a feedback network 140 arranged between the inverting input and the output of the operational amplifier 110 to further shorten the setup time of the sensor 100. The feedback network 140 (Z)f) One end of the resistor is connected to the first resistor (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) And the other end is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 110.
The circuit of the sensor is usually powered by a wide level with a power supply voltage between 3V and 5.5V (e.g., the output voltage of a common battery is 3.6V). For the piezoelectric acceleration sensor, a dc bias voltage is generally required to satisfy the acquisition range of the vibration signal. Therefore, the sensor 100 further comprises a voltage adaptation unit 150, as shown in fig. 2 a schematic diagram of the voltage adaptation unit 150 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Its input end and power supply (V)inI.e. the voltage input of the sensor 100) and the output is connected to the supply input (V)ref) And when the voltage adaptation unit 150 is connected, the input end of the voltage adaptation unit receives 3-5.5V wide-level power supply, and the output end of the voltage adaptation unit generates a direct-current bias voltage suitable for the signal acquisition circuit 120 and the filter circuit 130.
As shown in fig. 2, the voltage adapting unit 150 includes: voltage reference network (U)1) A third capacitor (C)3) And a fourth capacitance (C)4). Wherein the voltage reference network (U)1) A third capacitor (C) arranged between the input and output of the voltage adaptation unit 1503) A fourth capacitor (C) disposed between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the voltage adaptation unit 1504) Is disposed between the input terminal of the voltage adaptation unit 150 and the ground terminal. According to one embodiment of the invention, U1The voltage reference network has low power consumption and high precision, and the specific implementation mode of the voltage reference network is not limited by the invention.
The waveform of the set-up time of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to the present invention is monitored by an oscilloscope, and it is found that the set-up time of the sensor is about 100 milliseconds, and theoretically, the set-up time can be completely controlled to several tens of milliseconds, even 10 milliseconds, by optimizing the network parameters at the front end of the operational amplifier 110. The set-up time of the conventional IEPE type acceleration sensor is usually 2-3 seconds. For the discontinuous acquisition monitoring system, the establishing time is shortened by dozens of times, and the method is very favorable for reducing the self power consumption of the sensor and enhancing the cruising ability of the system.
In addition, according to the piezoelectric acceleration sensor disclosed by the invention, the measured working current is within 0.1mA under the power supply voltage of 3.5V, so that the power consumption of the sensor is very low, and the sensor is greatly helpful for a monitoring system needing to improve the battery endurance.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules or units or components of the devices in the examples disclosed herein may be arranged in a device as described in this embodiment or alternatively may be located in one or more devices different from the devices in this example. The modules in the foregoing examples may be combined into one module or may be further divided into multiple sub-modules.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the device in an embodiment may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
Furthermore, some of the described embodiments are described herein as a method or combination of method elements that can be performed by a processor of a computer system or by other means of performing the described functions. A processor having the necessary instructions for carrying out the method or method elements thus forms a means for carrying out the method or method elements. Further, the elements of the apparatus embodiments described herein are examples of the following apparatus: the apparatus is used to implement the functions performed by the elements for the purpose of carrying out the invention.
As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this description, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as described herein. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. The present invention has been disclosed in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A piezoelectric acceleration sensor comprises a signal acquisition circuit, a filter circuit and an operational amplifier, wherein,
the signal acquisition circuit is provided with a piezoelectric element and is suitable for acquiring piezoelectric charges representing the acceleration, and the signal acquisition circuit is arranged between the inverting input end and the power supply input end of the operational amplifier; and
the filter circuit is arranged between the non-inverting input and the supply input of the operational amplifier,
wherein, the signal acquisition circuit includes:
is arranged at the supply input (V)ref) A first resistor (R) connected in series with the ground terminal1) And a second resistance (R)2)；
Is arranged at the first resistor (R)1) A tenth capacitance (C) across10) And a piezoelectric element (Y)1) And a tenth capacitance (C)10) And a piezoelectric element (Y)1) Are connected in series; and
eighth resistor (R)8) One end of the first resistor is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the first resistor is connected with the first resistor (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) In the meantime.
2. The piezoelectric acceleration sensor of claim 1, wherein the filter circuit comprises:
eleventh resistor (R)11) One end of the first resistor is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the first resistor is connected with a ninth resistor (R)9) And an eleventh capacitance (C)11) Connecting;
ninth resistor (R)9) One end of which is connected to the power supply input (V)ref) Connected to the other end of the eleventh capacitor (C)11) And an eleventh resistance (R)11) Connecting; and
eleventh capacitance (C)11) One end of which is connected with a ninth resistor (R)9) And an eleventh resistance (R)11) Connected and the other end is grounded.
3. The piezoelectric acceleration sensor of claim 2, further comprising a feedback network disposed between the inverting input and the output of the operational amplifier,
the feedback network (Z)f) One end of the resistor is connected to the first resistor (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) And the other end is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier.
4. The piezoelectric acceleration sensor of claim 3, further comprising a voltage adaptation unit, the input of which is connected to a power supply and the output of which is connected to the power supply input, comprising:
a voltage reference network (U) arranged between the input and output of the voltage adaptation unit1)；
A third capacitor (C) arranged between the output terminal and ground terminal3) (ii) a And
a fourth capacitance (C) arranged between the input terminal and ground terminal4)。
5. The piezoelectric acceleration sensor of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the piezoelectric element is a piezoelectric ceramic.
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| CN201710995259.8A CN107782912B (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | Piezoelectric acceleration sensor |
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| CN201710995259.8A CN107782912B (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | Piezoelectric acceleration sensor |
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| CN107782912B true CN107782912B (en) | 2020-02-14 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| IL187544A0 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-03-20 | Audiodent Israel Ltd | Circuitry of a low-power piezoelectric driver and method thereof |
| US9269886B1 (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2016-02-23 | Meggitt (Maryland) Inc. | Fast startup, micro power, low noise piezoelectric amplifier with extended low frequency response |
| CN203537332U (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-04-09 | 茂硕电源科技股份有限公司 | Power source sampled signal amplifying circuit |
| CN103616924B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Sensor circuit |
| JP2015171084A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-28 | 学校法人同志社 | Piezoelectric vibrator drive circuit |
| CN103954794A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-07-30 | 安徽理工大学 | Charge amplification and acquisition system of low-frequency piezoelectricity acceleration sensor |
| CN205657655U (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-10-19 | 西安虹陆洋机电设备有限公司 | Novel charge amplifier |
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