CN107798184B - A method for determining the critical large caving span and time of goaf - Google Patents
A method for determining the critical large caving span and time of goaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN107798184B CN107798184B CN201710978992.9A CN201710978992A CN107798184B CN 107798184 B CN107798184 B CN 107798184B CN 201710978992 A CN201710978992 A CN 201710978992A CN 107798184 B CN107798184 B CN 107798184B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采空区临界大冒落跨度的确定方法，按下式确定采空区临界大冒落跨度：
The invention discloses a method for determining the critical large caving span of a goaf. The critical large caving span of a goaf is determined as follows:
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal deposit underground mining, in particular to a method for determining the critical large caving span and time of a goaf.
Background
The disasters such as air wave impact, water burst, surface subsidence and the like caused by the large caving of the goaf become one of the largest disasters of the current production mines, and the disasters still frequently occur until the disasters in recent years, and the conclusion is that people know that the caving height is increased along with the increase of the goaf span, but do not know when the large caving occurs, namely the occurrence time of the large caving cannot be determined, some mines prevent surface subsidence in advance for years or even more than ten years, and as a result, the mines do not collapse for years, and people enter police and plant the mines normally in the police and mechanical areas, so that the disasters are easily caused after the mines suddenly burst through the surface. The same is true for the protection of ore dispersion reserved on the underground working face, the protection does not work for years, workers are willing to believe the experience of the workers per se, the protection cushion layer is not reserved seriously, and the protection cushion suffers from the blast impact of mass falling and even large falling. It should be said that the paralytic thought of people is the main cause of the frequent occurrence of such disasters. The best method is to determine the time of occurrence of the large-sized falling disasters, and implement prevention and control measures according to the time, so that the prevention and control measures are easy to ensure in place, and the effective prevention and control effects are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the critical large caving span and time of a goaf, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for determining the critical large caving span and time of a goaf comprises the following specific steps:
step one, determining the thickness of a surface weakened layer (comprising an overlying quaternary rock layer and a weathered layer) according to geological datah f Compressive strength of the original rockT cEffective range of horizontal stress carried by the archdAnd average volume weight gamma of overlying rock mass of the goaf, and measuring the embedding depth of the bottom plate of the goaf which is horizontal in sections from top to bottom section by section on the section along the extension direction of the ore bodyHAnd gob width per segmentL i ；
Step two, determining the critical large caving span of the goaf according to the following formula: m; h is the buried depth of the bottom plate of the goaf, m; h isfWeakening the thickness of the formation, m, for the surface; t iscIs compressive strength of the original rock, t/m2(ii) a d is the effective range of horizontal stress borne by the falling arch, m; d is 1.0-2.0 m; gamma is the average volume weight of the overlying rock mass of the goaf, t/m 3; l ismIs the critical large caving span of the goaf, m.
Step three, from the first mining subsection, delineating the stoping area of each subsection, projecting the stoping area on a plane section by section, measuring the equivalent circle diameter on the plane, and listing the depth H of each subsection and the corresponding and accumulated equivalent circle diameter of the goafLAnd is calculated by the formula in step twoHValue calculationLm is compared with whenL≧Lm, the corresponding segment is a segment causing the occurrence of the large overflow and is called as a large overflow occurrence segment;
and step four, determining the time of the stoping range reaching the critical large-caving span according to the sectional stoping progress plan in the large-caving occurrence section, and using the time as the prediction time of the large-caving occurrence.
As a further scheme of the invention: when used to predict the time to collapse through the surface and form a collapse pit in the surface,Tc, calculating the average compressive strength of the undegraded rock stratum of the goaf; when used to protect the earth's surface from collapse,Tc is calculated as the lower value of the compressive strength of the undegraded formation of the goaf.
As a further scheme of the invention:Tand c is the product of the compressive strength of the rock and the integrity coefficient of the rock mass.
As a further scheme of the invention: under the condition of stoping of uniformly expanding the goaf span, before the goaf span reaches the critical large caving span, the roof surrounding rock caving in a sporadic caving mode, after the critical large caving span is reached, large-batch caving is realized and impact air waves are formed, and at the moment, the through holes of the working face and the goaf need to be blocked in advance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the critical large caving span of the goaf is determined according to the thickness of the ground surface weakened layer and the burial depth of a bottom plate of the goaf; controlling the underground stoping range according to the critical large caving span to control the caving process of the goaf, or predicting the time for forming the large caving and the surface collapse pit according to the time for reaching the critical large caving span of the underground goaf, thereby safely and economically preventing the damage of the goaf; the method is suitable for mining mines by an inclined gentle-inclined thick and large ore body underground caving method or mines filled with the ore bodies after empty stopes are filled, the method is suitable for prediction and prevention of caving hazards of goafs, and the method is suitable for protecting the ground surface from being damaged, so that safe, economic and efficient prevention and control effects can be achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining a critical large caving span and time of a gob.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for determining critical large caving span and time of goafThe method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, the thickness of the surface weakened layer (including the overlying quaternary rock layer and the weathered layer) is determined according to geological datah f (ii) a On the section along the extension direction of the ore body, measuring the embedding depth of the sectional horizontal goaf bottom plate section by section from top to bottomH i And gob width for each segmentL i In the continuous extended goaf, the effective span of the goaf is represented by the diameter of an equivalent circle (the diameter of the maximum circle which can be accommodated in the projection plane of the goaf), and the time of occurrence of the large caving is predicted according to the time when the diameter of the equivalent circle reaches the critical large caving span; similarly, the equivalent circle diameter is controlled to be smaller than the critical large caving span time, so that the large caving time can be prolonged. When the terrain on the earth surface is uneven, measuring the buried depth H of the bottom plate of the goaf according to the central position of the goaf when the critical large caving span is reached, and calculating the critical large caving span value corresponding to H according to the following formula: . Will be calculatedL m Value and goaf widthL i Comparing the values whenL i ≧L m And when the section goaf is completely communicated with the large goaf, the large caving activity is about to occur. And according to the sectional stoping progress plan, determining the time of the stoping range and the upper sectional goaf which are all communicated (the equivalent circle diameter of the goaf is not less than the critical large caving span) as the prediction time of the occurrence of the large caving. Before the goaf reaches the prediction time of the large caving, all through openings of the working face and the goaf are tightly plugged by using the dispersion bodies underground, and the caving blast impact is strictly prevented; meanwhile, the surface of the earth is provided with a police and mechanical line in the falling range, so that the falling hazard is strictly prevented.
In previous researches, it has been revealed that goaf caving undergoes initial caving, continuous caving, large caving and lateral caving stages, and finally forms a collapse pit on the surface of the earth, but a method for determining the span of the continuous caving and the large caving cannot be provided. The inventor researches the actual caving process of a mine for many years, finds that continuous caving and large caving are often inseparable, the continuous caving is the prelude of caving through the ground surface, and under the action of a gravity field, when an caving arch enters the ground surface to weaken a rock stratum and the height of a goaf can accommodate the broken expansion amount of a caving rock body, the large caving reaching the ground surface can be quickly generated, so that a critical large caving span calculation formula is provided. According to the formation time of the critical large caving span, the time of occurrence of the large caving hazard of the goaf is determined, and the prevention and treatment measures are implemented according to the time, so that the safe, economic and efficient prevention and treatment effects can be obtained. The method is particularly suitable for inclined slowly-inclined thick and large ore bodies, mining by a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method and metal mines with the permitted caving on the ground surface, provides basis for making safe production plans and production safety management, controls the caving process according to the method, and can also be used for filling and treating goafs to protect the ground surface from being damaged.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A method for determining the critical large caving span and time of a goaf is characterized by comprising the following specific steps;
step one, determining the thickness h of the earth surface weakened layer according to geological datafCompressive strength T of original rockcThe effective range d of horizontal stress borne by the caving arch and the average volume weight gamma of the overlying rock mass in the goaf, wherein the ground surface weakening layer comprises an overlying quaternary rock layer and a weathered layer and is deepened along the ore bodyOn the section of the direction, measuring the sectional horizontal goaf bottom plate burial depth H and the goaf width L of each section from top to bottom section by sectioni：
Step two, determining the critical large caving span of the goaf according to the following formula:
m; h is the buried depth of the bottom plate of the goaf, m; h isfWeakening the thickness of the formation, m, for the surface; t iscIs compressive strength of the original rock, t/m2(ii) a d is the effective range of horizontal stress borne by the falling arch, m; d is 1.0-2.0 m; gamma is the average volume weight of the overlying rock mass of the goaf, t/m3；
Step three, from the first mining subsection, delineating the stoping area of each subsection, projecting the stoping area on a plane section by section, measuring the equivalent circle diameter on the plane, listing the depth H of each subsection, the corresponding and accumulated equivalent circle diameter L of the goaf, and the L calculated by the formula in the step two according to the H valuem Comparing, when L ≧ Lm When the segment is a segment causing the occurrence of the large overflow, the segment is called as a large overflow occurrence segment;
and step four, determining the time of the stoping range reaching the critical large-caving span according to the sectional stoping progress plan in the large-caving occurrence section, and using the time as the prediction time of the large-caving occurrence.
2. The method for determining the critical large caving span and time of a goaf according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for predicting the time for caving in and collapse at the surface, Tc is calculated as the average compressive strength of the undestroyed rock formation of the goaf; when used to protect the surface from collapse, Tc is calculated as the lower value of the compressive strength of the undegraded formation in the goaf.
3. The method for determining the critical large caving span and time of a goaf according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Tc is the product of the compressive strength of rock and the integrity coefficient of rock.
4. The method for determining the critical large caving span and time of the goaf according to claim 1, wherein under the condition of stoping with uniformly enlarged goaf span, before the goaf span reaches the critical large caving span, the surrounding rocks of the roof fall in a sporadic caving mode, after the critical large caving span is reached, the working face and the goaf need to be blocked in advance to form impact air waves.
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| CN109162712B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-06-05 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method for controlling uneven settlement of overlying surrounding rock in caving goaf |
| CN110221357B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-10-09 | 深圳市勘察研究院有限公司 | Large-span shallow-buried limestone goaf comprehensive exploration method |
| CN113338924B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2023-02-10 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Control method for surface subsidence range by natural caving method |
| CN119294110B (en) * | 2024-10-14 | 2025-04-15 | 河南大学 | Prediction method for tectorial stress type metal mine rock-covering collapse height |
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Effective date of registration: 20210331 Address after: 110001 No.11, Lane 3, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Northeastern University Address before: No. 947, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430080 Patentee before: WUHAN University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |
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