CN107884548B - An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device and method, which includes an open steel box on the top, a simulation box inside the steel box, and a simulation box between the steel box and the simulation box. Vibration control device; the simulation box is filled with bedrock simulation filler; a long groove is provided on the side wall of the simulation box, and a glass plate is provided on the side wall of the simulation box, and the long groove is provided on the side wall of the simulation box. A sedimentation tank, a funnel-shaped groove, a mud water tank and a mud water transfer channel are provided above the strip groove. A steel mesh is provided between the bottom of the settlement tank and the strip groove; the strip groove There are gypsum blocks in the trough. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: when demonstrating underground engineering geological disasters, specific damage situations such as deformation displacement and collapse of rock and soil bodies, ground subsidence, surface subsidence, and water and mud inrush in karst areas can be clearly observed, and the overall damage situation is demonstrated. The formation and movement process of underground engineering geological hazards.

Description

An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device and method

Technical field

The invention relates to urban underground space engineering or geological engineering teaching and subject fields, and in particular to an underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device and method used in teaching engineering geology, tunnel engineering and other courses.

Background technique

Engineering geology and tunnel engineering are important basic and professional courses in civil engineering, urban underground space engineering, water conservancy, geological engineering and other majors. In today's era of rapid transportation development, they play an increasingly important role in the talent training process. . How to use visualization tools to more effectively improve classroom efficiency and facilitate the explanation of key and difficult points in courses such as engineering geology and tunnel engineering has become an important topic at present.

Various underground engineering geological disasters induced by tunnel excavation, such as water and mud inrush induced by underground engineering excavation, deformation and displacement of rock and soil masses, ground subsidence, and surface subsidence, are one of the common geological disasters and directly affect the Construction of subways, tunnels, underground caverns and other projects. The fundamental cause of geological disasters in underground engineering is that during the excavation process of underground engineering, unloading causes the stress of the rock and soil mass to disappear, and the upper rock and soil mass loses its original stability. Under the action of its own gravity and initial stress, the rock and soil mass begins to collapse. Deformation, displacement, landslides, ground subsidence, surface subsidence, and even water and mud inrush in karst areas. In the classroom teaching process, tunnel excavation stability is an important chapter and is also the most common in actual engineering problems. However, during the teaching process, due to the lack of relevant demonstrative experimental models, theoretical teaching alone cannot provide a relatively complete display of underground engineering geological hazards, resulting in students' insufficient grasp of relevant content and cause mechanisms.

Prior to the present invention, Chinese patent CN 104751725 A disclosed a slope landslide teaching demonstration device and a test method, which were used to demonstrate various processes such as rainfall infiltration, upper slope loading, earthquake loading, and upper reservoir water storage. Slope landslides caused by condition coupling conditions, but its device system ignores a series of engineering geological hazards caused by on-site tunnel excavation. In the current era of rapid development of railway tunnels, the teaching demonstration of underground engineering geological hazards in tunnels increasingly necessary.

Therefore, it is necessary to invent a device that is simple in form and easy to operate, and can simulate the deformation, displacement and collapse of the upper rock and soil caused by underground engineering excavation, earthquake load and other working conditions, ground subsidence, surface collapse, and water and mud inrush in karst areas. The teaching device and test method are used to reveal the formation mechanism of geological disasters caused by underground engineering excavation.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a number of underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration devices and methods to simulate water inrush caused by underground engineering excavation, horizontal earthquake load, vertical earthquake load and other working conditions. The deformation, displacement and collapse of mud, rock and soil, ground subsidence, and surface subsidence systematically demonstrate the damage mechanism of underground engineering geological disasters.

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: an underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device, including a steel box with an open top, a simulation box inside the steel box, and a bottom portion of the simulation box. In the steel box; a vibration control device for controlling the vibration direction of the simulation box is provided between the steel box and the simulation box; the simulation box is filled with materials for simulating unexcavated bedrock. Bedrock simulation filler; the side wall of the simulation box is provided with a long groove for simulating tunnel excavation, and the side wall of the simulation box is provided with a long groove for blocking the long groove A glass plate with a groove, a settlement trough for simulating ground settlement is provided above the elongated groove, the bottom end of the settlement trough is connected to the elongated groove, and the bottom of the settlement trough is connected to the A steel mesh is provided between the elongated grooves; a funnel-shaped groove for simulating collapse is provided above the elongated groove, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped groove is connected with the elongated groove. ; Above the elongated groove, there is a mud tank for simulating water and mud inrush and a mud water migration channel for connecting the mud tank and the elongated groove. The elongated groove is A gypsum block for filling the elongated groove is provided in the groove.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the model is practical, simple to operate, and has a strong degree of visualization. When demonstrating underground engineering geological disasters, the deformation displacement and collapse of rock and soil bodies, ground subsidence, surface collapse, and water and mud inrush in karst areas can be clearly observed. and other specific damage conditions, showing the formation and movement process of underground engineering geological hazards as a whole. It can realize the test demonstration of underground engineering geological hazards under various working conditions such as underground engineering excavation effects, horizontal earthquake effects, vertical earthquake effects, etc. or under the coupling conditions of multiple working conditions.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also make the following improvements.

Further, both ends of the elongated groove extend out of the simulation box respectively, and one end of the elongated groove is a first gap to simulate the entrance of the tunnel, and the other end is a second gap to simulate the exit of the tunnel. ; The settling groove is located above one end of the elongated groove close to the first notch, and the funnel-shaped groove is located above the middle part of the elongated groove in the length direction; A mud tank and the mud water migration channel are provided above one end of the elongated groove close to the second notch.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: setting up a first notch and a second notch, and then sequentially setting up a settling groove, a funnel-shaped groove, and an upper and lower groove from the long groove above the first gap to above the second gap. The mud water tank and mud water migration channel are set up. When the gypsum blocks are sequentially extracted from the first gap, the ground subsidence can be simulated in the long groove below the settlement tank and below the funnel-shaped groove. Simulate landslides, and simulate water and mud inrush below the mud flume and mud water migration channel.

Further, an iron hook for dragging the gypsum block outward is provided at one end of the gypsum block facing the first notch.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that the setting of the iron hook facilitates the outward extraction of the gypsum block.

Further, the number of the gypsum blocks is multiple, and the plurality of gypsum blocks are stacked up and down to form a two-layer structure, and the two layers of gypsum blocks are stacked up and down in the elongated groove.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: multiple gypsum blocks are set up, multiple gypsum blocks are stacked into two layers and multiple columns, the gypsum blocks are sequentially extracted from the first gap, and the support below the settling tank and the support below the funnel-shaped groove are sequentially reduced. Supports as well as supports under mud flumes and mud water transfer channels.

Further, a spring lever switch for opening and closing the muddy water migration channel is provided in the muddy water migration channel.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the setting of the spring lever switch can realize the opening and closing of the muddy water migration channel.

Further, the spring lever switch includes a baffle, a compression spring, a lever, a lever seat and a connecting rod. The middle part of the lever is fixed on the outer wall of the simulation box through the lever seat, and one end of the lever passes through the compression The spring is fixedly connected to the baffle, and the baffle is located in the muddy water migration channel. One end of the compression spring close to the baffle abuts the outer wall of the simulation box; the other end of the lever One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected, and the other end of the connecting rod is inserted into the elongated groove from the second notch.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that one end of the connecting rod is inserted into the elongated groove from the second gap, and the connecting rod can be supported by the gypsum block. Through the lever principle, the other end of the lever drives the baffle to be inserted into The mud water migration channel is closed in the mud water migration channel. When the gypsum block is removed, under the action of the compression spring, the block removes the mud water migration channel and opens the mud water migration channel.

Further, the vibration control device includes a vertical T-shaped pin bolt, a horizontal T-shaped pin bolt, a vertical steel spring, a horizontal steel spring, an I-shaped mounting base and a ball, and the vertical T-shaped pin bolt is arranged at the At the bottom of the steel box, a plurality of steel balls are provided on the top of the vertical T-shaped pins; a plurality of horizontal T-shaped pins are respectively arranged horizontally on each side wall of the steel box, and the horizontal T-shaped pins are A plurality of steel balls are provided on the end face of the end of the pin facing the simulation box; the I-shaped mounting seat is located at the bottom of the simulation box, between the bottom surface of the simulation box and the inside of the steel box Between the bottom surfaces, the ball is installed on the bottom of the I-shaped mounting base, a spring top cover is installed on the top of the I-shaped mounting base, and the I-shaped mounting base is provided between the spring top cover and the I-shaped mounting base. Vertical steel springs; a plurality of horizontal steel springs are fixed on each inner wall of the steel box, located between the inner wall of the steel box and the outer wall of the simulation box.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: the horizontal T-shaped pin locks the simulation box in the horizontal direction, and the vertical T-shaped pin locks the simulation box in the vertical direction; when adjusting the vertical T-shaped pin, When the pin makes the bottom of the simulation box rest on the spring top cover, the up and down vibration of the simulation box can be achieved under the action of the vertical steel spring; when the horizontal T-shaped pin is adjusted to make the horizontal T-shaped pin leave the simulation box When the side wall of the body is moved, the horizontal steel spring contacts the side wall of the simulation box to realize the vibration of the simulation box in the horizontal direction; when the vertical T-shaped pin is adjusted at the same time, the bottom of the simulation box is placed on the spring top cover , and adjust the horizontal T-shaped pin to make the horizontal T-shaped pin break away from the side wall of the simulation box, so that the horizontal steel spring contacts the side wall of the simulation box, realizing the movement of the simulation box in the horizontal and vertical directions. shock.

Further, an L-shaped steel channel is provided on the bottom surface inside the steel plate box, and the vertical T-shaped pin is installed on the L-shaped steel channel.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the vertical T-shaped pin bolt is installed through the L-shaped steel channel, avoiding drilling holes on the bottom of the steel box.

Furthermore, several light sources are provided at the top and bottom of the elongated groove, and the light sources are connected to electrical switches for controlling the turning on and off of the light sources through conductive wire circuits.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the light source is arranged to facilitate observation of the situation in the elongated groove.

Furthermore, the light source adopts LED lamp.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the light source uses LED lamps, and the LED lamp installation area is small, which facilitates the installation of the light source.

Further, a tempered glass cover for protecting the light source is provided on the outer surface of the light source to protect the light source.

Furthermore, it also includes an electronically controlled vibration table, and the steel plate box is arranged on the electronically controlled vibration table.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that by placing the steel box on an electronically controlled vibration table, the vibration size and frequency of the electronically controlled vibration table can be adjusted to demonstrate conditions under different earthquake intensities.

A demonstration method of an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device, using the above-mentioned underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device to perform an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration, including the following steps:

Step 1: Adjust the vibration control device to lock the simulation box in the steel box;

Step 2: Open the glass plate used to seal the notch of the long groove, place multiple gypsum blocks into the long groove in two layers; close the muddy water migration channel, and then close the glass plate;

Step 3: Fill the steel wire mesh with clay in a plastic state;

Step 4: First fill the funnel-shaped groove with plastic clay, and then fill the gravel-containing green sand and gravel-containing red sand in sequence from bottom to top;

Step 5: Pour a mixture of sticky soil that has been dyed red with dye and is in a flowing state and a small amount of fine sand into the mud tank;

Step 6: Drag out the gypsum blocks under the steel mesh from the long groove in sequence to simulate the layered excavation construction of underground engineering under normal conditions. The clay in the settlement tank will settle downwards together with the steel mesh under the action of gravity. To deform, turn on the light source and observe the deformation process through the glass plate;

Step 7: Continue to drag out the gypsum block. The clay, gravel-containing green sand, and gravel-containing red sand in the funnel-shaped groove will fall downward under the action of gravity, simulating the tunnel collapse process. The simulated tunnel collapse formation is observed through the glass plate. process;

Step 8: After the collapse has stabilized, open the glass plate of the simulation box and clear the collapse body. After the removal is completed, close the glass plate and continue to drag out the gypsum blocks in the long groove;

Step 9: Open the mud and water migration channel and observe the simulated water and mud inrush process through the glass plate.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above scheme are: this method can facilitate the demonstration of underground engineering geological disasters, and can clearly observe the specific damage conditions such as deformation displacement and collapse of rock and soil masses, ground subsidence, surface subsidence, and water and mud inrush in karst areas. On the whole, it shows the formation and movement process of underground engineering geological hazards, demonstrates the basic geological phenomena of engineering geology, and reveals the formation mechanism of underground engineering geological hazards in engineering geology, thereby helping teachers complete their daily teaching tasks.

A demonstration method of an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device, using the above-mentioned underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device to perform an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration, including the following steps:

Step 1: Tighten the horizontal T-shaped pin toward the simulation box and tighten the vertical T-shaped pin upward;

Step 2: Open the glass plate used to seal the notch of the long groove, place multiple gypsum blocks into the long groove in two layers; close the muddy water migration channel, and then close the glass plate;

Step 3: Fill the steel wire mesh with clay in a plastic state;

Step 4: First fill the funnel-shaped groove with hard plastic clay, and then fill the gravel-containing green sand and gravel-containing red sand in sequence from bottom to top;

Step 5: Pour a mixture of sticky soil that has been dyed red with dye and is in a flowing state and a small amount of fine sand into the mud tank;

Step 6: Drag out the gypsum blocks under the steel mesh from the long groove in sequence to simulate the layered excavation construction of underground engineering under normal conditions. The clay in the settlement tank will settle downwards together with the steel mesh under the action of gravity. To deform, turn on the light source and observe the deformation process through the glass plate;

Step 7: Continue to drag out the gypsum block. Since the funnel-shaped groove is filled with hard plastic clay, the clay, gravel-containing green sand, and gravel-containing red sand in the funnel-shaped groove will not fall;

Step 8: Continue to drag out the gypsum blocks until the innermost row of gypsum blocks is retained to ensure that the mud water migration channel is closed;

Step 9: If the dynamic response of the simulation box is simulated under the horizontal action of an earthquake, loosen the horizontal T-shaped pin, place the simulation box on the vertical T-shaped pin, and apply a horizontal dynamic load to the simulation box so that the simulation box The body moves back and forth horizontally along the small steel balls on the vertical T-shaped pins, causing the gypsum blocks inside the long groove to move horizontally, causing the mud and water migration channels to open, simulating water and mud inrush induced by earthquakes;

If the dynamic response of the simulated box is simulated under the vertical action of an earthquake, loosen the vertical T-shaped pin, apply a vertical dynamic load to the simulated box, and make the simulated box move vertically back and forth along the small steel balls on the horizontal T-shaped pin. Movement to observe the further deformation of the clay in the settlement tank, the collapse of the funnel floor and the collapse of the tunnel;

If the dynamic response of the simulated box is simulated under the simultaneous horizontal and vertical action of an earthquake, loosen the horizontal T-shaped pin bolt and the vertical T-shaped pin bolt, and apply horizontal and vertical dynamic loads to the simulated box at the same time, so that the simulated box acts simultaneously. Horizontal and vertical movement, observation and simulation of earthquake-induced water inrush, ground subsidence, landslides and other underground engineering geological hazards.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that this method can conveniently demonstrate the specific damage conditions such as deformation displacement and collapse, ground subsidence, surface subsidence, water inrush and mud inrush induced by earthquakes in underground engineering, and comprehensively demonstrate the geological hazards in underground engineering. The process of formation and movement demonstrates the basic geological phenomena of engineering geology and reveals the formation mechanism of underground engineering geological disasters in engineering geology, thereby helping teachers complete their daily teaching tasks.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a top view of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a front view of the present invention, and the iron hook is not shown in the drawing;

Figure 3 is a left side view of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a right side view of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 2 of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of B-B in Figure 2 of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the simulation box of the present invention. The bedrock simulation filler is not shown in the drawing.

In the drawings, the parts represented by each number are listed as follows:

1. Simulation box, 2. Steel box, 3. Long groove, 4. Glass plate, 5. Funnel-shaped groove, 6. Horizontal T-shaped pin, 7. Electric switch, 8. Mud water tank, 9 , muddy water migration channel, 10. settlement tank, 11. steel wire mesh, 12. bedrock simulation filler, 13. gypsum block, 14. vertical steel spring, 15. steel ball, 16. light source, 17. L-shaped steel channel , 18. Vertical T-shaped pin, 19. Batch, 20. Compression spring, 21 lever, 22. Connecting rod, 23. I-shaped mounting base, 24. Ball, 25. Conductive wire, 26. Clay, 27. Gravelled green sand, 28 Gravelled red sand, 29. Horizontal steel spring, 30. Lever seat, 31. Spring top cover, 32. First notch, 33. Second notch, 34. Iron hook.

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples cited are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the present invention includes a steel box 2 with an open top. A simulation box 1 is provided inside the steel box 2. The bottom of the simulation box 1 is located on the steel box 2. Inside; a vibration control device for controlling the vibration direction of the simulation box 1 is provided between the steel box 2 and the simulation box 1; the simulation box 1 is filled with materials for simulating unexcavated bedrock. Bedrock simulation filler 12; the side wall of the simulation box 1 is provided with a long groove 3 for simulating tunnel excavation, and the side wall of the simulation box 1 is provided with a long groove 3 for sealing the long groove 3. In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate the fixation of the glass plate 4 and the opening and closing of the glass plate 4, the top of the glass plate 4 is movably connected through a hinge. The side wall of the simulated box 1 and the top of the notch of the long groove 3 are used to realize the flipping opening and closing of the glass plate 4. There is a hole above the long groove 3 for simulating ground subsidence. Settling tank 10, the bottom end of the settling tank 10 is connected with the elongated groove 3, and a steel wire mesh 11 is provided between the bottom of the settling tank 10 and the elongated groove 3; A funnel-shaped groove 5 for simulating collapse is provided above the elongated groove 3. The bottom of the funnel-shaped groove 5 is connected with the elongated groove 3; above the elongated groove 3 There is a mud tank 8 for simulating water and mud inrush and a mud water migration channel 9 for connecting the mud tank 8 and the elongated groove 3. There is a mud tank 8 inside the elongated groove 3 for Gypsum blocks 13 filling the elongated groove 3.

As shown in Figures 2, 5, and 6, in the embodiment of the present invention, both ends of the long groove 3 extend out of the simulation box 1 respectively, that is, the long groove 3 The two ends of the elongated groove 3 extend to the opposite end surfaces of the simulation box 1 respectively, and one end of the long groove 3 is a first notch 32 for simulating the tunnel entrance, and the other end is a second notch 33 for simulating the tunnel exit. , the first notch 32 and the second notch 33 are both connected with the elongated groove 3; the settling groove 10 is provided in the elongated groove 3 close to the first notch 32. Above one end, the funnel-shaped groove 5 is provided above the middle part of the length direction of the elongated groove 3; the mud groove 8 and the mud water migration channel 9 are provided in the elongated groove 3. The groove 3 is located above one end of the second notch 33 . Adopting the above technical solution, a first notch 32 and a second notch 33 are provided, and then a settling groove 10 and a funnel-shaped groove are sequentially provided from the elongated groove 3 above the first notch 32 to above the second notch 33 5 and the mud flumes 8 and mud water transfer channels 9 arranged up and down. When the gypsum blocks 13 are sequentially extracted from the first gap 32, the ground settlement can be simulated in the elongated groove 3 below the settlement tank 10. , simulate a collapse below the funnel-shaped groove 5, and simulate water and mud inrush below the mud tank 8 and mud water migration channel 9.

As shown in FIG. 2 , a preferred embodiment of the present invention is that one end of the gypsum block 13 facing the first notch 32 is provided with an iron hook 34 for dragging the gypsum block 13 outward. The number of the gypsum blocks 13 is multiple. The plurality of gypsum blocks 13 are stacked up and down to form a two-layer structure. The two layers of gypsum blocks 13 are stacked up and down in the elongated groove 3 . The iron hook 34 is arranged to facilitate the outward extraction of the gypsum blocks 13. Multiple gypsum blocks 13 are provided. The multiple gypsum blocks 13 are stacked into two layers and multiple rows. The gypsum blocks 13 are sequentially extracted from the first gap 32, and the bottom of the settling tank 10 is reduced in sequence. The support below the funnel-shaped groove 5 and the support below the mud tank 8 and the mud water migration channel 9.

As shown in Figure 2, preferably, the muddy water migration channel 9 is provided with a spring lever 21 switch for opening and closing the muddy water migration channel 9. The spring lever 21 switch includes a baffle 19, a compression spring 20, a lever 21, a lever base 30 and a connecting rod 22. The middle part of the lever 21 is fixed on the outer wall of the simulation box 1 through the lever base 30. One end of the lever 21 is fixedly connected to the baffle 19 through the compression spring 20. The baffle 19 is provided in the muddy water migration channel 9. One end of the compression spring 20 is in contact with the baffle 19. The outer wall of the simulation box 1; the other end of the lever 21 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod 22, and the other end of the connecting rod 22 is inserted into the elongated groove 3 from the second notch 33 Inside. One end of the connecting rod 22 is inserted into the elongated groove 3 from the second notch 33, so that the connecting rod 22 can be supported by the gypsum block 13. Through the principle of the lever 21, the other end of the lever 21 drives the baffle 19 to be inserted into the muddy water. The mud water migration channel 9 is closed in the migration channel 9. When the gypsum block 13 is removed, under the action of the compression spring 20, the block removes the mud water migration channel 9, thereby opening the mud water migration channel 9.

As shown in Figures 2 to 6, the preferred embodiment is: the vibration control device includes a vertical T-shaped pin 18, a horizontal T-shaped pin 6, a vertical steel spring 14, a horizontal steel spring 29, shaped mounting base 23 and balls 24, the vertical T-shaped pin 18 is provided at the bottom of the steel box 2, and the top of the vertical T-shaped pin 18 is provided with a plurality of steel balls 15; a plurality of horizontal T-shaped pins 6 are arranged horizontally on each side wall of the steel box 2, and a plurality of steel balls 15 are provided on the end face of one end of the horizontal T-shaped pins 6 facing the simulation box 1; The I-shaped mounting seat 23 is provided at the bottom of the simulation box 1, between the bottom surface of the simulation box 1 and the inner bottom surface of the steel plate box 2. The ball is installed on the bottom of the I-shaped mounting seat 23. 24. A spring top cover 31 is installed on the top of the I-shaped mounting base 23, and the vertical steel spring 14 is provided between the spring top cover 31 and the I-shaped mounting base 23; a plurality of the horizontal Steel springs 29 are fixed on each inner wall of the steel box 2 and are located between the inner wall of the steel box 2 and the outer wall of the simulation box 1 . The horizontal T-shaped pin 6 locks the simulation box 1 in the horizontal direction, and the vertical T-shaped pin 18 locks the simulation box 1 in the vertical direction; when adjusting the vertical T-shaped pin 18, the simulation When the bottom of the box 1 is placed on the spring top cover 31, the up and down vibration of the box 1 can be simulated under the action of the vertical steel spring 14; when the horizontal T-shaped pin 6 is adjusted to make the horizontal T-shaped pin 6 disengage When the side wall of the simulated box 1 is simulated, the horizontal steel spring 29 contacts the side wall of the simulated box 1 to realize the vibration of the simulated box 1 in the horizontal direction; when the vertical T-shaped pin 18 is adjusted at the same time, the simulated box 1 The bottom is placed on the spring top cover 31, and the horizontal T-shaped pin 6 is adjusted so that the horizontal T-shaped pin 6 is separated from the side wall of the simulation box 1, so that the horizontal steel spring 29 contacts the side wall of the simulation box 1, Realize the vibration of the simulated box 1 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

As shown in Figures 2 to 6, in the embodiment of the present invention, an L-shaped steel channel 17 is provided on the bottom surface inside the steel plate box 2, and the vertical T-shaped pin 18 is installed on the L-shaped steel plate box 2. On slot 17. The vertical T-shaped pin 18 is installed through the L-shaped steel channel 17, thereby avoiding drilling holes on the bottom of the steel box 2. Several light sources 16 are provided at the top and bottom of the elongated groove 3 . The light sources 16 are electrically connected to an electrical switch 7 for controlling the turning on and off of the light sources 16 through conductive wires 25 .

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the model is practical, simple to operate, and has a strong degree of visualization. When demonstrating underground engineering geological disasters, the deformation displacement and collapse of rock and soil bodies, ground subsidence, surface collapse, and water and mud inrush in karst areas can be clearly observed. and other specific damage conditions, showing the formation and movement process of underground engineering geological hazards as a whole. It can realize the test demonstration of underground engineering geological hazards under various working conditions such as underground engineering excavation effects, horizontal earthquake effects, vertical earthquake effects, etc. or under the coupling conditions of multiple working conditions.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the size of the simulation box 1 is 150cm (length) × 80cm (width) × 90cm (height). The outline of the model box is formed by combining PC boards. The simulation box 1 has reserved The dimensions of the long groove 3 simulating the tunnel are 150cm (length) × 25cm (width) × 20cm (height), and the top surface of the groove is 30cm away from the top surface of the model box. The size of the settlement tank 10 for simulating ground subsidence is 30cm×30cm×30cm. The diameter of the upper mouth of the funnel-shaped groove 5 simulating collapse is about 25cm, the diameter of the lower mouth is 3cm, and the height is 30cm. The thickness of the glass plate 4 on the right side of the simulation box is about 6mm and can be rotated internally and externally. The steel wire mesh 11 is a hot-dip galvanized steel wire mesh 11 with a wire diameter of 0.9±0.04mm and a mesh size of 12.7×12.7mm. The steel wire mesh 11 is filled with clay 26 in a plastic state, and the top surface of the clay 26 is simulated with the bedrock. The top surface of the filler 12 has the same height. In this embodiment, the long groove 3 is built with two layers (6 blocks each on the upper layer and the lower layer) of square water-resistant lightweight gypsum blocks 13 with iron hooks 34. The size of a single gypsum block 13 is about 25cm (length) × 25cm (width) × 10cm (height).

Embodiment 1

This embodiment discloses a method of using an underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device, which can simulate engineering geological disasters such as water and mud inrush, ground subsidence, and landslides induced by tunnel excavation, and includes the following steps:

S1: Tighten the horizontal T-shaped pin into the model and tighten the vertical T-shaped pin upward;

S2: Turn the glass plate 4 on the model box outward, place a number of square gypsum blocks 13 in two layers in the long groove 3, and the water and mud inrush channel will automatically close. After the gypsum blocks 13 are placed, The glass plate 4 is flipped inward to a fixed position;

S3: Lay a layer of steel wire mesh 11 in the settlement tank 10 simulating ground settlement, and fill the steel wire mesh 11 with clay 26 in a plastic state until it is consistent with the top surface of the bedrock simulation filler 12;

S4: In the funnel-shaped groove 5 used to simulate collapse, in order to prevent the gypsum block 13 and gravel from being embedded in the groove, clay 26 in a plastic state with a thickness of about 0.5cm is first laid at the bottom of the groove, and then the clay is The gravel-containing green sand 27 and the gravel-containing red sand 28 are filled in layers above 26 in order until the height is consistent with the top surface of the bedrock simulation filler 12;

S5: In the mud tank 8 that simulates water and mud inrush, pour a mixture of clay soil that has been dyed red and is in a flowing state and a small amount of fine sand until the mud water transfer channel 9 is completely filled and the mud tank 8 is filled with the mixture. The height is slightly lower than the height of the top surface of the model;

S6: At the gap of the simulated tunnel exit, drag the iron hook 34 on the front of the impermeable gypsum block 13, and sequentially drag out the gypsum block 13 under the steel wire mesh 11 from the elongated groove 3 to simulate underground engineering under normal conditions. During the layered excavation construction, the clay 26 in the settlement tank 10 undergoes settlement deformation together with the steel wire mesh 11 under the action of gravity. Turn on the light source 16 and observe the deformation process through the glass plate 4;

S7: Continue to drag out the gypsum block 13 in the long groove 3 until the gypsum block 13 in the simulated collapse area is dragged out. The sand in the funnel-shaped groove 5 falls downward under the action of gravity, and at the same time the ground begins to When a collapse occurs, turn on the light source 16 and observe the simulated tunnel collapse formation process through the glass plate 4;

S8: After the collapse stabilizes, turn the glass plate 4 on the right side of the model box outward to clear the landslide. After the clearance is completed, turn the glass plate 4 inward to a fixed position and continue to drag out the gypsum in the long groove 3. Block 13;

S9: When the last gypsum block 13 is dragged out, the compression spring 20 drives the baffle 19 to move outside the model, opens the mud and water migration channel 9, turns on the light source 16, and observes the water and mud inrush process through the right glass plate 4.

The beneficial effects of this embodiment are: it can facilitate the demonstration of underground engineering geological disasters, and can clearly observe specific damage situations such as deformation displacement and collapse of rock and soil masses, ground subsidence, surface subsidence, and water and mud inrush in karst areas. On the whole, It shows the formation and movement process of underground engineering geological hazards, demonstrates the basic geological phenomena of engineering geology, and reveals the formation mechanism of underground engineering geological hazards in engineering geology, thereby helping teachers complete their daily teaching tasks.

Example 2:

In this embodiment, a method of using an underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device is disclosed, which is characterized in that it can simulate engineering geological disasters such as earthquake-induced water inrush, ground subsidence, and landslide, and includes the following steps:

S1: Tighten the horizontal T-shaped pin into the model and tighten the vertical T-shaped pin upward;

S1: Turn the glass plate 4 on the model box outward, place a number of square gypsum blocks 13 in two layers in the long groove 3, and the water and mud inrush channel will automatically close. After the gypsum blocks 13 are placed, place the glass Plate 4 is flipped inward to a fixed position;

S2: In the settlement tank 10 simulating ground subsidence, lay a layer of steel wire mesh 11, and fill the steel wire mesh 11 with clay 26 in a plastic state until it is consistent with the top surface of the bedrock simulation filler 12;

S4: In the funnel-shaped groove 5 used to simulate collapse, in order to prevent the gypsum block 13 and gravel from being embedded in the groove, clay 26 in a hard plastic state about 1 cm thick is first laid at the bottom of the groove, and then the clay is The gravel-containing green sand 27 and the gravel-containing red sand 28 are filled in layers above 26 in sequence until the height is consistent with the top surface of the bedrock simulation filler 12.

S4: In the mud tank 8 that simulates water and mud inrush, pour a mixture of clay soil that has been dyed red and is in a flowing state and a small amount of fine sand until the mud water transfer channel 9 is completely filled and the mixture in the mud tank 8 is completed. The height is slightly lower than the top surface height of bedrock simulated filler 12.

S5: At the gap of the simulated tunnel exit, drag the iron hook 34 on the front of the impermeable gypsum block 13, and sequentially drag out the gypsum block 13 under the steel wire mesh 11 from the elongated groove 3 to simulate underground engineering under normal conditions. During the layered excavation construction, the clay 26 in the settlement tank 10 undergoes downward settlement deformation together with the steel wire mesh 11 under the action of gravity. Turn on the light source 16 and observe the deformation process through the right glass plate 4.

S6: Continue to drag out the gypsum block 13 in the long groove 3 until the gypsum block 13 below the simulated collapse is dragged out. Since the clay 26 in the funnel-shaped groove 5 is 1 cm thick and in a hard plastic state, The ground did not collapse;

S7: Continue to drag out the gypsum blocks 13 in the long groove 3 until the innermost row of gypsum blocks 13 is retained to ensure that the muddy water migration channel 9 is closed;

S8: When simulating the dynamic response of the model under the horizontal action of an earthquake, loosen the horizontal T-shaped pin, place the simulation box 1 on the vertical T-shaped pin, and apply a horizontal dynamic load to the simulation box 1 so that the simulation box 1. Move back and forth horizontally along the steel ball 15 on the vertical T-shaped pin, causing the gypsum block 13 inside the long groove 3 to move horizontally, causing the mud water migration channel 9 to open, simulating water and mud inrush induced by an earthquake; When simulating the dynamic response of the model under the vertical action of an earthquake, loosen the vertical T-shaped pin, apply a vertical dynamic load to the simulation box 1, and make the simulation box 1 move vertically back and forth along the steel balls 15 on the horizontal T-shaped pin. Observe the further deformation of the clay 26 in the settlement tank 10, the collapse of the funnel ground and the collapse of the tunnel; if the dynamic response of the simulated box 1 is simulated under the simultaneous horizontal and vertical action of an earthquake, loosen the horizontal and vertical T-shaped pins , apply horizontal and vertical dynamic loads to the simulation box 1 at the same time, so that the simulation box 1 moves horizontally and vertically at the same time, and observe underground engineering geological disasters such as water and mud inrush, ground subsidence, and landslides induced by simulated earthquakes.

In this embodiment, in order to better observe the occurrence and development process of underground engineering geological disasters, the light source 16 can be turned on during the experiment. If no landslide geological disaster occurs during the experiment, the number of hard plastic materials laid in the funnel-shaped groove 5 can be increased. The thickness of the clay 26 may increase the vertical dynamic load.

The beneficial effects of this embodiment are: this method can conveniently demonstrate specific damage situations such as deformation displacement, landslides, ground subsidence, surface subsidence, water inrush and mud inrush induced by earthquakes in underground engineering, and comprehensively demonstrate geological hazards in underground engineering. The process of formation and movement demonstrates the basic geological phenomena of engineering geology and reveals the formation mechanism of underground engineering geological disasters in engineering geology, thereby helping teachers complete their daily teaching tasks.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (10)

1. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device, which is characterized in that it includes a steel box (2) with an open top, and a simulation box (1) is provided inside the steel box (2). The simulation box The bottom of the body (1) is located in the steel box (2); between the steel box (2) and the simulation box (1), there is a vibration direction for controlling the vibration direction of the simulation box (1). Vibration control device; the simulation box (1) is filled with bedrock simulation filler (12) for simulating unexcavated bedrock; the side wall of the simulation box (1) is provided with a bedrock simulation filler (12) for simulating tunnel excavation. The elongated groove (3) is provided with a glass plate (4) for blocking the opening of the elongated groove (3) on the side wall of the simulation box (1). A settlement tank (10) for simulating ground subsidence is provided above the strip groove (3). The bottom end of the settlement tank (10) is connected with the strip groove (3), and the settlement tank (10) is connected with the strip groove (3). A steel mesh (11) is provided between the bottom of 10) and the elongated groove (3); a funnel-shaped groove (5) for simulating collapse is provided above the elongated groove (3) , the bottom of the funnel-shaped groove (5) is connected with the elongated groove (3); a mud tank (8) for simulating water and mud inrush is provided above the elongated groove (3) ) and a muddy water migration channel (9) used to connect the muddy water tank (8) and the elongated groove (3). There is a muddy water migration channel (9) in the elongated groove (3) for filling the The gypsum block (13) with the long groove (3) also includes an electronically controlled vibration table, and the steel plate box (2) is placed on the electronically controlled vibration table. 2. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that both ends of the long groove (3) extend out of the simulation box (1) respectively, and the One end of the long groove (3) is a first gap (32) simulating the tunnel entrance, and the other end is a second gap (33) simulating the tunnel exit; the settlement tank (10) is located on the long groove (3). The funnel-shaped groove (3) is located above one end of the first notch (32), and the funnel-shaped groove (5) is provided above the middle part of the long groove (3) in the length direction; The mud water tank (8) and the mud water migration channel (9) are provided above one end of the elongated groove (3) close to the second notch (33). 3. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 2, characterized in that one end of the gypsum block (13) facing the first notch (32) is provided with a device for dragging the said gypsum block outwards. The iron hook (34) of the gypsum block (13). 4. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of the gypsum blocks (13) is multiple, and the plurality of gypsum blocks (13) are stacked up and down to form two It has a layer structure, and two layers of the gypsum blocks (13) are stacked up and down in the elongated groove (3). 5. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the muddy water migration channel (9) is provided with a device for opening and closing the muddy water migration channel. (9) spring lever switch. 6. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to claim 5, characterized in that the spring lever switch includes a baffle (19), a compression spring (20), a lever (21), and a lever seat (30 ) and the connecting rod (22), the middle part of the lever (21) is fixed on the outer wall of the simulation box (1) through the lever seat (30), and one end of the lever (21) passes through the compression spring ( 20) Fixedly connected to the baffle (19), which is located in the muddy water migration channel (9), and the compression spring (20) is close to one end of the baffle (19) It contacts the outer wall of the simulation box (1); the other end of the lever (21) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod (22), and the other end of the connecting rod (22) passes through the second gap. (33) Insert into the elongated groove (3). 7. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the vibration control device includes a vertical T-shaped pin bolt (18), a horizontal T-shaped pin bolt ( 6), vertical steel spring (14), horizontal steel spring (29), I-shaped mounting seat (23) and balls (24), the vertical T-shaped pin (18) is arranged on the steel plate box (2), a plurality of steel balls (15) are provided at the top of the vertical T-shaped pins (18); a plurality of the horizontal T-shaped pins (6) are respectively arranged horizontally on the steel box (2) ), a plurality of steel balls (15) are provided on the end face of one end of the horizontal T-shaped pin (6) facing the simulation box (1); the I-shaped mounting base (23) is provided with At the bottom of the simulation box (1), between the bottom surface of the simulation box (1) and the inner bottom surface of the steel box (2), the I-shaped mounting base (23) is installed at the bottom A spring top cover (31) is installed on the top of the ball (24) and the I-shaped mounting seat (23), and there is a spring top cover (31) between the spring top cover (31) and the I-shaped mounting seat (23). The vertical steel spring (14); a plurality of the horizontal steel springs (29) are fixed on each inner wall of the steel box (2), located between the inner wall of the steel box (2) and the Between the outer walls of the simulation box (1). 8. An underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that several light sources (16) are provided at the top and bottom of the long groove (3), The light source (16) is electrically connected to an electrical switch (7) for controlling the light source (16) to turn on and off through a conductive wire (25). 9. A demonstration method of an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device, characterized by using an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 to perform an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration, including the following step: Step 1: Adjust the vibration control device to lock the simulation box (1) in the steel box (2); Step 2: Open the glass plate (4) used to seal the slot of the elongated groove (3), and place multiple gypsum blocks (13) in two layers in sequence in the elongated groove (3). ); close the muddy water migration channel (9), and then close the glass plate (4); Step 3: Fill the steel mesh (11) with clay (26) in a plastic state; Step 4: First fill the funnel-shaped groove (5) with plastic clay (26), and then fill the gravel-containing green sand (27) and gravel-containing red sand (28) from bottom to top; Step 5: Pour a mixture of sticky soil that has been dyed red with dye and is in a flowing state and a small amount of fine sand into the mud tank (8); Step 6: Drag out the gypsum block (13) under the steel mesh (11) from the long groove (3) in sequence to simulate the layered excavation construction of underground engineering under normal conditions. The clay (13) in the settlement tank (10) 26) Under the action of gravity, settlement deformation occurs downward together with the steel wire mesh (11), turn on the light source (16), and observe the deformation process through the glass plate (4); Step 7: Continue to drag out the gypsum block (13). The clay (26), gravelly green sand (27), and gravelly red sand (28) in the funnel-shaped groove (5) will move downward under the action of gravity. Fall, simulate the tunnel collapse process, and observe the simulated tunnel collapse formation process through the glass plate (4); Step 8: After the landslide has stabilized, open the glass plate (4) of the simulation box (1) and clear the landslide body. After the clearing is completed, close the glass plate (4) and continue dragging it out in the long groove (3). Gypsum block(13); Step 9: Open the mud and water migration channel (9), and observe the simulated water and mud inrush process through the glass plate (4). 10. A demonstration method of an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device, characterized in that using an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration device according to claim 7 to perform an underground engineering geological hazard teaching demonstration, including the following steps: Step 1: Tighten the horizontal T-shaped pin (6) toward the simulation box (1), and tighten the vertical T-shaped pin (18) upward; Step 2: Open the glass plate (4) used to seal the slot of the elongated groove (3), and place multiple gypsum blocks (13) in two layers in sequence in the elongated groove (3). ); close the muddy water migration channel (9), and then close the glass plate (4); Step 3: Fill the steel mesh (11) with clay (26) in a plastic state; Step 4: First fill the funnel-shaped groove (5) with hard plastic clay (26), and then fill the gravel-containing green sand (27) and gravel-containing red sand (28) from bottom to top; Step 5: Pour a mixture of sticky soil that has been dyed red with dye and is in a flowing state and a small amount of fine sand into the mud tank (8); Step 6: Drag out the gypsum block (13) under the steel mesh (11) from the long groove (3) in sequence to simulate the layered excavation construction of underground engineering under normal conditions. The clay (13) in the settlement tank (10) 26) Under the action of gravity, settlement deformation occurs downward together with the steel wire mesh (11), turn on the light source (16), and observe the deformation process through the glass plate (4); Step seven, continue to drag out the gypsum block (13). Since the funnel-shaped groove (5) is filled with clay (26) in a hard plastic state, the clay (26) and gravel in the funnel-shaped groove (5) will Green sand (27) and gravelly red sand (28) will not fall; Step 8: Continue to drag out the gypsum blocks (13) until the innermost row of gypsum blocks (13) is retained, ensuring that the mud water migration channel (9) is closed; Step 9: If the dynamic response of the simulation box (1) is simulated under the horizontal action of an earthquake, loosen the horizontal T-shaped pin (6) so that the simulation box (1) rests on the vertical T-shaped pin (18). Apply a horizontal dynamic load to the simulation box (1), so that the simulation box (1) moves back and forth horizontally along the small steel ball (15) on the vertical T-shaped pin (18), so that the long groove (3 ) The gypsum block (13) on the inner side moves horizontally, causing the mud water migration channel (9) to open, simulating water and mud inrush induced by an earthquake; If the dynamic response of the simulation box (1) is simulated under the vertical action of an earthquake, loosen the vertical T-shaped pin (18) and apply a vertical dynamic load to the simulation box (1) so that the simulation box (1) moves along the The small steel ball (15) on the horizontal T-shaped pin (6) moves back and forth vertically to observe the further deformation of the clay in the settlement tank, the collapse of the funnel floor and the collapse of the tunnel; If the dynamic response of the simulation box (1) is simulated under the simultaneous horizontal and vertical action of an earthquake, loosen the horizontal T-shaped pin (6) and the vertical T-shaped pin (18), and apply horizontal force to the simulation box (1) at the same time. and vertical dynamic loads, so that the simulation box (1) moves horizontally and vertically at the same time, and observes the underground engineering geological disasters induced by simulated earthquakes such as water inrush and mud inrush, ground subsidence, and collapse.