CN108019202B - A kind of display methods of 3-D image - Google Patents
A kind of display methods of 3-D image Download PDFInfo
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- CN108019202B CN108019202B CN201610929300.7A CN201610929300A CN108019202B CN 108019202 B CN108019202 B CN 108019202B CN 201610929300 A CN201610929300 A CN 201610929300A CN 108019202 B CN108019202 B CN 108019202B
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
It the present invention relates to the use of the display methods of the 3-D image of Multi-arm caliber imaging logging tool device and magnetic wall thickness logger data based on Anomalistic space quadrangle.The display methods of the 3-D image includes data load step, loads the log data obtained by logger；Space irregular quadrilateral grid foundation step, space irregular quadrilateral grid is created according to the log data loaded in data load step；Space irregular quadrilateral grid load step loads space irregular quadrilateral grid.To Multi-arm caliber imaging logging tool device and magnetic wall thickness logger data creation space irregular quadrilateral, in conjunction with longitudinal interpolation of depth dimension and the cubic spline combination interpolation method based on cosine function and First Boundary Condition of circumference, establish the 3-D graphic of Multi-arm caliber imaging logging tool device and magnetic wall thickness logger data, oil pipe or casing damage corrosion condition in intuitive display pit shaft, it is not only quickly but also accurate compared to other dimensional Modeling Technologies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for displaying a data shaft of a multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and a Magnetic wall Thickness logging instrument based on an irregular space quadrangle, in particular to a method for three-dimensionally displaying a shaft according to the data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument (Mutil-finger image Tool) and the Magnetic wall Thickness logging instrument (Magnetic Thickness Tool) in combination with a space irregular quadrangle three-dimensional modeling technology.
Background
The multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument is mainly used for measuring the change of the inner diameter of an inner pipe column of an oil well. And detecting the deformation, perforation, inner wall corrosion, scaling and other conditions of the pipe column through the change of the collected inner diameter value. The multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument has several specifications such as X-Y, 8 arms, 12 arms, 18 arms, 20 arms, 24 arms, 28 arms, 36 arms, 40 arms, 60 arms, 80 arms and the like, and instruments with different specifications are provided with different numbers of measuring arms. Each measuring arm of the instrument is supported by a spring, each measuring arm is provided with an independent measuring probe and a sensor, the measuring arms move along the inner wall of the pipe column during logging, the measuring probes are in contact with the inner wall of the pipe column, and the measured values received by the sensors change along with the change of the inner diameter of the pipe column, so that a plurality of radius curves uniformly distributed along the inner wall of the oil pipe or the casing can be measured. A schematic of a 24-arm, 40-arm, and 60-arm caliper imaging tool is shown in fig. 1, where (a) is the case of 24-arm, (b) is the case of 40-arm, and (c) is the case of 60-arm.
The magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is mainly used for measuring the thickness of a metal pipe wall of a downhole pipe column. The instrument mainly comprises two parts, wherein the first part is a transmitter and is positioned in the center of the instrument, the second part is a receiver consisting of 12 or 20 induction coils, the coils are respectively positioned on 12 or 20 bow springs, during logging, the transmitter generates an alternating magnetic field, a magnetic signal penetrates through the pipe wall for a certain distance and then penetrates through the pipe wall again to reach the receiver, the time taken by the signal from the transmitter to the receiver and the received amplitude and the like depend on the wall thickness of the pipe column, the pipe column thickness in 12 or 20 directions can be obtained through processing the signal, and 360-degree measurement on the pipe wall is achieved. A plurality of sensors are uniformly distributed in the same plane, and the thicknesses of the tubular columns in a plurality of directions can be acquired, so that the tubular column thicknesses are displayed in an imaging mode in a three-dimensional modeling mode, and the simple and visual display of complex logging information is realized. By three-dimensional modeling of the wellbore for the measured wall thickness, qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the degree of erosion of the tube wall can be made. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 12-arm magnetic wall thickness logging instrument.
The well logging data processing results of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument need to visually display a three-dimensional image of a shaft through a three-dimensional display technology.
The multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument can accurately and quantitatively detect the small change of the inner diameter of the underground tubular column, the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument can accurately and quantitatively detect the small change of the wall thickness of the underground tubular column, and the logging data processing results of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument need to visually display a three-dimensional image of a shaft through a three-dimensional display technology and visually display the damage condition of the inner wall of the tubular column.
Through three-dimensional graphic visualization display, the main uses of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument can be divided into:
(1) the corrosion of the inner wall of the oil pipe and the sleeve pipe can be evaluated;
(2) analyzing the abrasion of the inner walls of the oil and the sleeve;
(3) analyzing deformation of the oil and the sleeve;
(4) the damage conditions of oil and casing pipes can be accurately and quantitatively evaluated;
(5) determining oil, casing perforation, crack and fracture positions;
(6) calibrating a perforation hole;
(7) and (5) well section fixed point three-dimensional imaging display.
When carrying out shaft three-dimensional modeling display on the logging information of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument, a three-dimensional space visual display graph of a shaft is established by combining a plurality of calibers of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument information and a plurality of sleeve wall thicknesses of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument information with an irregular space quadrilateral modeling technology. At present, technologies and reports on the aspect of graphical drawing of downhole strings at home and abroad exist, but reports on method research and application of a three-dimensional modeling technology in the aspect of three-dimensional display of logging data of a multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument and a magnetic wall thickness logging instrument for representing detailed damage of a shaft do not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for displaying three-dimensional space of an oil well shaft by utilizing irregular space quadrilateral modeling technology, which forms irregular quadrilaterals in space and combines the formed irregular quadrilaterals by well diameter and casing wall thickness data obtained by logging a multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and a magnetic wall thickness logging instrument so as to form an intuitive shaft three-dimensional graph, thereby being capable of visually displaying the shaft three-dimensional graph in an oil well, displaying inner wall corrosion and casing deformation of the shaft and determining various damages such as oil, casing perforation, cracks, fracture positions and the like.
The invention provides a three-dimensional display method for logging data of a multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and a magnetic wall thickness logging instrument. Here, the quadrangle refers to a quadrangle in space, and not a planar quadrangle, that is, four vertices of the quadrangle may or may not be on the same plane, and the irregularity refers to that the size, angle, and the like of the quadrangle are irregular.
The invention provides a three-dimensional image display method, which is used for displaying a three-dimensional image of an oil pipe or a casing in a shaft, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
loading data, namely loading the logging data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument obtained by the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument;
a spatial trapezoid grid creating step of creating a spatial trapezoid grid according to the logging data of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument loaded in the data loading step; and
and a loading step of the space irregular quadrilateral grids, wherein the space irregular quadrilateral grids are loaded.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
if n measuring probes are uniformly arranged on the radial circumference of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument, n sleeve inner diameter curves measured and obtained by the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument are loaded in the data loading step,
in the step of creating the space irregular quadrilateral grids, recording the ith well diameter value at the current depth h as the value(i is 1. ltoreq. n), noting h 'as the next depth to the current depth and h' = h + level, level is the depth sampling interval, then will、、、These four values, taken as four vertices, form a spatial trapezoid, where 1 ≦ i ≦ n, and in particular, when i ≦ n, i +1 is 1, whereby between the current depth h and the next depth h', every two adjacent curves of the n casing inner diameter curves form n spatial trapezoids forming the spatial trapezoid grid,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step, the spatial trapezoid mesh of a current depth range, that is, a depth range level between a current depth h and a next depth h' is loaded, and when the depth range is changed, the spatial trapezoid mesh of the changed depth range is loaded after the spatial trapezoid mesh loaded previously is unloaded.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
after the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is formed in the spatial trapezoid mesh creating step, the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is loaded in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step.
Further, the present invention provides a method for displaying a three-dimensional image of an oil pipe or a casing in a wellbore, comprising:
loading data, namely loading logging data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument obtained by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument;
a spatial trapezoid grid creating step of creating a spatial trapezoid grid according to the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument logging data loaded in the data loading step; and
and a loading step of the space irregular quadrilateral grids, wherein the space irregular quadrilateral grids are loaded.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
loading m magnetic wall thickness logging instrument casing thickness curves measured and obtained by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument in the data loading step,
in the step of creating the spatial irregular quadrilateral grids, recording the value measured by the jth magnetic wall thickness logging instrument probe at the current depth h as the value(j is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m), recording h 'as the next depth of the current depth and h' = h + level, level is the depth sampling interval, then will、、、These four values, as four vertices, form a spatial trapezoid, where j is 1 ≦ m, in particular, when j is m, j +1 is 1, whereby between the current depth h and the next depth h', every two adjacent curves of the m casing thickness curves form m spatial trapezoids forming the spatial trapezoid grid,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step, the spatial trapezoid mesh of a current depth range, that is, a depth range level between a current depth h and a next depth h' is loaded, and when the depth range is changed, the spatial trapezoid mesh of the changed depth range is loaded after the spatial trapezoid mesh loaded previously is unloaded.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
after the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is formed in the spatial trapezoid mesh creating step, the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is loaded in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step.
Further, the present invention provides a method for displaying a three-dimensional image of an oil pipe or a casing in a wellbore, comprising:
loading data, namely loading the logging data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument obtained by the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the logging data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument obtained by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument;
a spatial trapezoid grid creating step of creating a spatial trapezoid grid according to the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument logging data and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument logging data loaded in the data loading step; and
and a loading step of the space irregular quadrilateral grids, wherein the space irregular quadrilateral grids are loaded.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
loading n casing inside diameter curves measured by the multi-arm caliper imaging logging tool and m magnetic wall thickness logging tool casing thickness curves measured by the magnetic wall thickness logging tool in the data loading step, and n > m,
in the step of creating the spatial trapezoid grid, performing interpolation processing on the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument to enable the number of drawing points of the three-dimensional graph of the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument and the three-dimensional graph of the data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument to be consistent on one circumference, enabling the sampling intervals of the data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument to be consistent through longitudinal interpolation processing, then creating the spatial trapezoid of the data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument, then performing addition processing on the data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument after interpolation processing on the data of the longitudinal corresponding depth and the transverse corresponding circular arc data, and creating the spatial trapezoid of the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument after addition.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
in the transverse circular arc interpolation processing, a near point interpolation method, a linear interpolation method or a cubic spline function combination interpolation method based on a cosine function suitable for circular arc processing and a first class of boundary conditions is adopted,
and adopting a near point interpolation method or a linear interpolation method in the longitudinal interpolation processing.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
in the spatial trapezoid grid creating step, the method creates a spatial trapezoid of the multi-arm caliper imaging tool dataIn the case of the current depth h, the ith hole diameter value is recorded as(i is 1. ltoreq. n), noting h 'as the next depth to the current depth and h' = h + level, level is the depth sampling interval, then will、、、These four values, taken as four vertices, form a spatial trapezoid, where 1 ≦ i ≦ n, and in particular, when i ≦ n, i +1 is 1, whereby between the current depth h and the next depth h', every two adjacent curves of the n casing inner diameter curves form n spatial trapezoids forming the spatial trapezoid grid,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
in the step of creating the spatial trapezoid grid, recording the ith well diameter value in the n casing inner diameter curves at the current depth h as the value(1 ≦ i ≦ n) and recording the interpolated magnetic wall thickness tool data as(j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n), the added data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is(k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n), namely, the value of the kth magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data at the current depth h is(1 ≦ k ≦ n), and, noting h 'as the next depth to the current depth and h' = h + level, level is the depth sampling interval, then we will、、、These four values, taken as four vertices, form a spatial trapezoid, where 1 ≦ k ≦ n, and in particular, k +1 is 1 when k ≦ n, whereby between the current depth h and the next depth h', n spatial trapezoids are formed between each two adjacent ones of the n casing thickness curves, forming said spatial trapezoid grid,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step, the spatial trapezoid mesh of a current depth range, that is, a depth range level between a current depth h and a next depth h' is loaded, and when the depth range is changed, the spatial trapezoid mesh of the changed depth range is loaded after the spatial trapezoid mesh loaded previously is unloaded.
Further, in the method of displaying a three-dimensional image of the present invention,
after the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is formed in the spatial trapezoid mesh creating step, the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is loaded in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step.
The three-dimensional imaging display of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is divided into three-dimensional imaging of data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument, three-dimensional imaging of data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument and simultaneous three-dimensional imaging of data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument. The data three-dimensional modeling imaging of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is that according to the inner diameters or the wall thicknesses of a plurality of oil pipes or casings on the circumference of a sampling point measured by the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument or the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument and the inner diameters or the wall thicknesses of a plurality of oil pipes or casings on the circumferences of different sampling points, the inner diameters or the wall thicknesses of the plurality of oil pipes or casings are connected by a quadrangle modeling method through setting the axial position of a shaft to form a plurality of irregular space quadrangles, and the data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument or the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument are combined with colors to form a three-dimensional stereo image through a three-dimensional coloring method that the inner diameters or the wall thicknesses of different casings correspond to different colors, so that the actual conditions. The data simultaneous three-dimensional imaging of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is realized by connecting the inner diameters of oil pipes or sleeves obtained by measuring the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument by a quadrilateral modeling method according to the inner diameters of a plurality of sleeves on the circumference of a sampling point and the inner diameters of a plurality of sleeves on the circumference of different sampling points obtained by measuring the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument by setting the axial position of a shaft, forming a plurality of irregular space quadrilaterals, adding the wall thickness data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument to the inner diameter data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument, connecting the added data by a quadrilateral modeling method, and combining a plurality of space quadrilaterals of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument by a three-dimensional coloring method for corresponding different data to different colors to form a three-dimensional imaging graph, and the actual condition of the oil pipe or the casing is visually displayed. By adding the wall thickness data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument and the inner diameter data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument, the problem that the inner diameter three-dimensional model cannot be displayed due to the fact that the wall thickness three-dimensional model is located on the outer layer of the axial space when the wall thickness data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is subjected to three-dimensional modeling can be solved, and the problem of wellbore image distortion of the wall thickness data of the outer layer magnetic wall thickness logging instrument of the axial space when the three-dimensional model is established can be solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a caliper imaging tool, (a) for the 24 arm case, (b) for the 40 arm case, and (c) for the 60 arm case.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 12-probe magnetic wall thickness logging instrument.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating three-dimensional modeling of data for a multi-arm caliper imaging tool and a magnetic wall thickness tool of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a three-dimensional modeled image of multi-arm caliper imaging tool data.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional modeling image of magnetic wall thickness logging tool data.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of simultaneous three-dimensional modeled images of multi-arm caliper tool and magnetic wall thickness tool data.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of severe wall corrosion of a tubing or casing wall obtained by a magnetic wall thickness logging tool.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image of a multi-arm caliper tool and a magnetic wall thickness tool data casing collar.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image formed by spatial trapezoids of data from a multi-arm caliper tool and a magnetic wall thickness tool.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image formed by a spatial trapezoid of magnetic wall thickness tool data.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating construction of a spatial trapezoid from four vertices of data from a multi-arm caliper imaging tool.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating construction of a spatial trapezoid from four vertices of magnetic wall thickness tool data.
Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a three-dimensional geometry of a quadrangular structure.
Fig. 14 is a diagram showing that a complete cylinder-like surface is obtained.
FIGS. 15 (a) and (b) are results of three-dimensional modeling of a depth range of 112-113 meters for a log using the method of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating three-dimensional modeling of data for a multi-arm caliper imaging tool and a magnetic wall thickness tool of the present invention. Firstly, determining the data type of the loading logging, wherein the data types are divided into three types, namely, a multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument type (MIT), a magnetic wall thickness logging instrument type (MTT) and a multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and magnetic wall thickness logging instrument type (MIT + MTT), aiming at three different logging data types, although irregular space quadrangles are used in three cases, the number of data points on one circle of the radial circumference of a borehole in the space is different, in the case of the single multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument type, the number of data points on one circle of the radial circumference of the borehole is required to be consistent with the number of measuring arms of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument, in the case of the single magnetic wall thickness logging instrument type, the number of data points on one circle of the radial circumference of the borehole is required to be 2 times of the number of receivers of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument type, and in the case of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument type, on one circle of the radial circumference of the shaft, the data point number of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the data point number of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument need to be unified, and the interpolation processing is carried out on the less data point, and the data point number of the less data point are the same.
Firstly, the type of the logging data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument is adopted, and at the moment, a spatial irregular quadrilateral grid of the data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument needs to be created. Under the three-dimensional display mode, data measured by the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument are a plurality of caliper values, a plurality of uniformly arranged caliper values are measured in a 360-degree range of the circumference on the same depth sampling point, and uniformly arranged modes are different on sampling points of different depths due to instrument rotation factors during logging, so that a quadrilateral grid with irregular space needs to be established when the three-dimensional mode is established, and the uniformly arranged caliper values on the circumferences of different sampling points are connected to form a three-dimensional space model.
The multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument is characterized in that n measuring probes are uniformly arranged on the radial circumference, each measuring probe measures a numerical value at each depth, and the measured values of the same measuring probe at all depths form a measuring curve. Measuring by multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument to obtain n casing internal diameter curves, and recordingAnd (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) is the ith well diameter value at the depth h, namely, the value of measurement (namely the well diameter) of a certain measurement curve at a certain depth is taken.
Creating a spatial trapezoid grid of data of a multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument requires constructing a three-dimensional cylindrical surface of the data of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument. According to the three-dimensional modeling theory, a plurality of small triangles and quadrangles can be spliced to form a three-dimensional surface. N well diameter values of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument at the depth hAre uniformly distributed on a similar circumference (which is not a regular circumference because of different values in different directions, that is, at the depth h, there are n measurement values on a circumference, and the n measurement values are uniformly arranged on a circumference (which means that the included angle between every two adjacent measurement values is equal and is 360/n), but the measurement values themselves are different in size, and because the well diameter is changed in different directions, the measurement values are well diameters, so the measurement values are different in size. Because the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument caliper probes are uniformly arranged in the range of 360 degrees of the circumference, every two adjacent probesThe included angles between the measured caliper values are all 360/n degrees. Note depth asAnd h is the current depth,is the next depth to the current depth, level is the depth sampling interval, then、、、These four values can construct the corresponding four vertices, which are assumed to correspond to the values A, B, C and D, as shown in FIG. 11, from which a spatial trapezoid can be constructed, where 1 ≦ i ≦ n, and in particular, when i ≦ n, i +1 is 1.
Let the included angle of the ith value be thetai(i.e., the i-th one makes an angle θ with the x-axisi) The four vertex space coordinates (x, y, z) are respectively (x, y, z))、()、(()) And (a)()) And filling colors into each quadrangle (the three-dimensional graph is the color most intuitively, different colors represent different meanings, in the invention, the different colors represent different radiuses of the shaft, and the filling color rules can be flexibly set, for example, a dark color represents that the radius of the shaft is larger, a light color represents that the radius of the shaft is smaller, and a radius between the larger radius and the smaller radius is filled with a transition color between the dark color and the light color). Thus, n quadrangles in each level depth range form a cylinder-like surface. Namely, the depth difference between the previous sampling point and the next sampling point is level, two measured values of the previous sampling point and two measured values of the next sampling point of two adjacent curves form a spatial trapezoid, n spatial trapezoids are formed between every two adjacent curves of the n curves, and the n irregular spatial trapezoids form a cylinder with the thickness of 0, namely a cylinder-like surface for short. In addition, a shaft three-dimensional model diagram is established by utilizing data of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument, so that the actual condition of the inner wall of the shaft can be visually displayed. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a three-dimensional modeled image of multi-arm caliper imaging tool data.
And secondly, the type of the logging data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument, and at the moment, a spatial irregular quadrilateral grid of the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument needs to be created. Under the three-dimensional display mode, data measured by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument are a plurality of casing wall thickness values, on the same depth sampling point, a plurality of uniformly arranged casing wall thickness values are measured in a 360-degree range of the circumference, and on the sampling points at different depths, the uniformly arranged modes are different due to instrument rotation factors during logging, so that a quadrilateral grid with irregular space needs to be established when the three-dimensional mode is established, the uniformly arranged casing wall thickness values on the circumferences of different sampling points are connected, and a space three-dimensional model is formed.
And recording the measurement of the logging instrument to obtain the thickness curve of the m magnetic wall thickness logging instrument casings. Will be provided with(j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m) is recorded as the value measured by the jth magnetic wall thickness logging instrument probe at the depth h.
Creating a spatial trapezoid grid of magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data requires constructing a three-dimensional cylinder-like surface of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data. According to the three-dimensional modeling theory, a plurality of small triangles and quadrangles can be spliced to form a three-dimensional surface. Integrating m casing thickness values at depth h(1. ltoreq. j. ltoreq.m) are evenly distributed on a similar circumference (not a regular circumference because the values in different directions are different). That is, the thickness values of the casing are uniformly distributed on a similar circumference, and the included angle between every two values is 360/m degrees. Because the electromagnetic wave signal receiving coils of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument are uniformly arranged in the range of 360 degrees of the circumference, the included angle between the thickness values of the casing pipes measured by every two adjacent electromagnetic wave signal receiving coils is 360/m degrees. According to the same type of logging data as in the case of a multi-arm caliper tool、、、The four values (1 ≦ j ≦ m) form a space quadrilateral. Let the included angle of the jth value be thetajUsing A, B, C, D instead of the above four values, the spatial coordinates (x, y, z) of the four corresponding vertices are respectively (x, y, z))、()、() And (a)) As shown in fig. 12, where j is 1 ≦ m, and in particular, when j ≦ m, j +1 is 1. Accordingly, a magnetic wall thickness logging tool data cylinder is also constructed. In addition, a three-dimensional model diagram of the shaft is established by utilizing data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument, so that the actual conditions of the outer wall and the thickness of the shaft can be visually displayed. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image formed by a spatial trapezoid of magnetic wall thickness logging tool data, and fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional modeling image of magnetic wall thickness logging tool data.
And then, the logging data types of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument are adopted, and at the moment, a spatial irregular quadrilateral grid of the data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is required to be created.
Firstly, interpolation processing is carried out on data of a magnetic wall thickness logging instrument, because the number of probes of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is smaller than that of probes of a multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument, in order to ensure that three-dimensional graph characteristics of data of the internal multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument in a drawn three-dimensional graph are not covered by the data three-dimensional graph of the external magnetic wall thickness logging instrument, the drawing points of the three-dimensional graphs of the data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument on a circumference are required to be uniform, therefore, transverse circular arc interpolation processing needs to be carried out on the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument, and an interpolation algorithm can directly use a near point, linear interpolation or a cubic spline function combination interpolation method based on a cosine function suitable for circular arc processing and a first class of boundary conditions. Meanwhile, the sampling intervals of the data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument may not be uniform, so that the curves of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument need to be processed through longitudinal interpolation to keep the sampling intervals consistent, the interpolation algorithm can directly use near points or linear interpolation, and the sampling intervals after interpolation are recorded as level.
The near point interpolation can make the number of the values of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument on the circumference consistent, for example, n =40, m =12, and the value on the circumference of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument can be changed into the following form by the near point interpolation algorithm:
。
therefore, the data of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument are consistent in number of three-dimensional drawing data on one circumference.
The invention discloses a cubic spline function combination interpolation method based on a cosine function suitable for arc processing and a first class of boundary conditions.
Known functionN points above and their corresponding function values:
，
，
the new point-corresponding function value can be solved using cubic spline interpolation:
，
，
cubic spline interpolation is an interpolation algorithm with high smoothness, and the specific requirement of the cubic spline interpolation is that interpolation subintervals constructed at two adjacent nodesThe above is approximated by a polynomial of no more than a third degree, and at the junction of nodes the function value is continuously derivable, the first derivative is continuously derivable and there is a second derivative.
The cubic spline interpolation function is constructed by two methods, wherein one method is to solve by taking a second derivative value at a given interpolation node as an unknown number, the other method is to solve by taking a first derivative value at the given interpolation node as an unknown number, the latter method is adopted for realizing the cubic spline interpolation function, and the first type of boundary conditions are adopted for processing according to the requirements of the data three-dimensional modeling of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument on the circular arc interpolation.
For functionGiven n nodes and function values thereon
，
Wherein,。
and calculating function approximation z, first derivative z1 and second derivative z2 at m interpolation points by using a cubic spline function interpolation formula of the first class of boundary conditions. The first type of boundary condition refers to a given first derivative value at both ends of the function.
(1)，
The first derivative set at a given node is
(2)，
By using two-point Hermite interpolation formula, subintervals can be obtainedThe upper interpolation polynomial is:
(3)，
wherein,. Since L (t) is in the interval [ x ]0，xn-1]The upper second derivative is continuous, i.e. the second left derivative and the second right derivative at the connecting point are equal, this constraint can be expressed as:
(4)，
after finishing, the method can obtain:
(5)，
defining the intermediate variables:
(6)，
(7)，
the original constraint can be written as:
(8)，
in thatThis is achieved byApplying the condition to the node to obtain the numberEquation for determining derivative values at n nodesTwo constraints must be added, the first class of boundary conditions directly gives two first derivative values on the boundary as two necessary constraints, thus obtaining the system of equations:
(9)，
the system is an equation set with a coefficient matrix of a three-diagonal matrix, and can be solved by using a catch-up method so as to determine an interpolation formula.
Modeling ideas and algorithm pseudo-code are introduced below.
(I) intermediate variables required to compute the first derivative at a node
For i=1,2,,n-2
Do
,
。
(II) calculating the first derivative values at the intermediate n-2 nodes
For i= n-2,n-3,1
Do 。
(III) selecting a proper interval to respectively calculate function values and approximate values of first-order derivatives at m interpolation points, wherein the interval isThen, for the interpolation point t,
。
and secondly, creating a spatial trapezoid of the data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument, wherein the modeling idea and technology are the same as the idea and technology for independently modeling the data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument, and are not described in detail here.
And thirdly, adding the data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument after interpolation processing to the data of the longitudinal corresponding depth and the transverse corresponding circular arc data, wherein the data of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument and the data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument at the position of the depth h are respectively as follows:
，
，
the added data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is as follows:
。
and then creating a spatial trapezoid of the added magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data, wherein the modeling idea and technology are the same as the idea and technology for independently modeling the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data. That is, the current value of the kth magnetic wall thickness tool data at depth h is(1 ≦ k ≦ n), and, noting h 'as the next depth to the current depth and h' = h + level, level is the depth sampling interval, then we will、、、These four values, taken as four vertices, form a spatial trapezoid, where 1 ≦ k ≦ n, and in particular, k +1 is 1 when k ≦ n, so that between the current depth h and the next depth h', n spatial trapezoids are formed between every two adjacent ones of the n casing thickness curves. Accordingly, a magnetic wall thickness logging tool data cylinder is also constructed. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image formed by spatial trapezoids of data from a multi-arm caliper imaging tool and a magnetic wall thickness tool, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a simultaneous three-dimensional modeling image of data from a multi-arm caliper imaging tool and a magnetic wall thickness tool.
And finally, dynamically loading the logging data type three-dimensional trapezoid of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument, the logging data type three-dimensional trapezoid of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument and the combined trapezoid of the two.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of severe wall erosion of a tubing or casing by a magnetic wall thickness logging tool, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional image of a multi-arm caliper imaging logging tool and a magnetic wall thickness logging tool data casing collar, and the wall thickness of the tubing or casing is visualized in FIGS. 7 and 8.
In view of the fact that the depth range of logging data of a multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument and a magnetic wall thickness logging instrument of an oil well is often hundreds of thousands of meters, if all three-dimensional geometric bodies are displayed at one time, the memory and the performance of a computer are often insufficient. Therefore, in the present invention, the depth range (depth) is set according to the current settingdepth') to show the three-dimensional cylinder-like surface of the current depth range. Once the depth range is changed, the old three-dimensional cylinder-like surface is unloaded, and the new three-dimensional cylinder-like surface is loaded.
The three-dimensional geometry formed by these quadrangles is shown in fig. 13, and after filling these quadrangles, the complete cylinder-like surface can be obtained, as shown in fig. 14. The color of the fill depends on the values and color scale of the four vertices.
In order to clarify the advantages of the present invention more clearly, the results produced by the method of the present invention are illustrated in the following examples.
Examples
FIGS. 15 (a) and (b) show the results of three-dimensional modeling of a depth range of 112-113 meters for a given log using the method of the present invention.
In fig. 15, both three-dimensional images of the casing can accurately simulate and display the shape of the casing running the oil well, and the shape of the casing is matched with the shape of the actual casing under the well. From the two graphs of FIG. 15, the three-dimensional display method has obvious advantages in the aspect of three-dimensional display of casing details, can visually display the specific details of the casing, and in addition, provides two schemes of non-transition colors and transition colors in the aspect of color processing of three-dimensional graph coloring, the transition colors enable the corrosion deformation of the casing to be more consistent with the natural rule, the transition colors are more scientific and reasonable, and the three-dimensional graph of the casing with the transition colors is more close to the real condition of the casing in the well.
Therefore, the data three-dimensional graph of the casing multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument generated by the method is correct and reliable and is more practical.
The method can be suitable for three-dimensional modeling of logging instrument data such as X-Y, 8 arms, 12 arms, 18 arms, 20 arms, 24 arms, 28 arms, 36 arms, 40 arms, 60 arms and 80 arms of a multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument, and can be suitable for three-dimensional modeling of logging instrument data such as 12 probes and 20 probes of a magnetic wall thickness logging instrument (magnetic wall thickness gauge).
As described above, the present invention is explained, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it should be understood that various modifications and combinations within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of displaying a three-dimensional image of a well casing or tubing in a wellbore, comprising:
loading data, namely loading the logging data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument obtained by the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument;
a spatial trapezoid grid creating step of creating a spatial trapezoid grid according to the logging data of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument loaded in the data loading step; and
a space irregular quadrilateral grid loading step, wherein the space irregular quadrilateral grid is loaded;
the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument is characterized in that n measuring probes are uniformly arranged on the radial circumference;
loading n casing internal diameter curves measured and obtained by the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument in the data loading step;
in the step of creating the space irregular quadrilateral grids, marking the ith well diameter value at the current depth h as CALi(h) (1 ≦ i ≦ n), let h 'be the next depth to the current depth and h' ═ h + level, level being the depth sampling interval, then CAL will bei(h)、CALi+1(h)、CALi(h')、CALi+1(h ') constructing a spatial trapezoid with 1 ≦ i ≦ n as four vertices, and when i ≦ n is 1, i +1, thereby forming n spatial trapezoids between every two adjacent curves of the n casing inner diameter curves between the current depth h and the next depth h' to form the spatial trapezoid grid,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well.
2. The method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to claim 1,
in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step, the spatial trapezoid mesh of a current depth range, that is, a depth range level between a current depth h and a next depth h' is loaded, and when the depth range is changed, the spatial trapezoid mesh of the changed depth range is loaded after the spatial trapezoid mesh loaded previously is unloaded.
3. The method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to claim 1,
after the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is formed in the spatial trapezoid mesh creating step, the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is loaded in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step.
4. A method of displaying a three-dimensional image of a well casing or tubing in a wellbore, comprising:
loading data, namely loading logging data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument obtained by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument;
a spatial trapezoid grid creating step of creating a spatial trapezoid grid according to the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument logging data loaded in the data loading step; and
a space irregular quadrilateral grid loading step, wherein the space irregular quadrilateral grid is loaded;
wherein, m magnetic wall thickness logging instrument casing thickness curves measured and obtained by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument are loaded in the data loading step,
in the step of creating the spatial irregular quadrilateral grids, the value measured by the jth magnetic wall thickness logging instrument probe at the current depth h is recorded as THKj(h) (1 ≦ j ≦ m), let h 'be the next depth to the current depth and h' h + level, level being the depth sampling interval, then THK is takenj(h)、THKj+1(h)、THKj(h')、THKj+1(h') the four values are used as four vertexes to construct a spatial trapezoid, wherein j is not less than 1 and not more than m, and when j is m, j +1 is 1, so that the thickness of the m sleeves is between the current depth h and the next depth hM spatial trapezoids are formed between every two adjacent curves of the curves to form the spatial trapezoid grids,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well.
5. The method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to claim 4,
in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step, the spatial trapezoid mesh of a current depth range, that is, a depth range level between a current depth h and a next depth h' is loaded, and when the depth range is changed, the spatial trapezoid mesh of the changed depth range is loaded after the spatial trapezoid mesh loaded previously is unloaded.
6. The method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to claim 4,
after the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is formed in the spatial trapezoid mesh creating step, the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is loaded in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step.
7. A method of displaying a three-dimensional image of a well casing or tubing in a wellbore, comprising:
loading data, namely loading the logging data of the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument obtained by the multi-arm borehole diameter imaging logging instrument and the logging data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument obtained by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument;
a spatial trapezoid grid creating step of creating a spatial trapezoid grid according to the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument logging data and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument logging data loaded in the data loading step; and
a space irregular quadrilateral grid loading step, wherein the space irregular quadrilateral grid is loaded;
wherein n casing inner diameter curves measured by the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument and m magnetic wall thickness logging instrument casing thickness curves measured by the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument are loaded in the data loading step, and n is greater than m,
in the step of creating the spatial trapezoid grid, performing transverse circular arc interpolation processing on the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data to enable the number of drawing points of the three-dimensional graph of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data and the three-dimensional graph of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument to be consistent on one circumference, enabling the sampling intervals of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument data and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data to be consistent through longitudinal interpolation processing, then creating a spatial trapezoid of the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument data, then performing addition processing on the multi-arm well diameter imaging logging instrument data and the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data after interpolation processing on longitudinal corresponding depth and transverse corresponding circular arc data, and creating a spatial trapezoid of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data after addition;
wherein, in the step of creating the spatial trapezoid grid, in the case of creating the spatial trapezoid of the multi-arm caliper imaging logging instrument data, the ith caliper value at the current depth h is recorded as CALi(h) (1 ≦ i ≦ n), let h 'be the next depth to the current depth and h' ═ h + level, level being the depth sampling interval, then CAL will bei(h)、CALi+1(h)、CALi(h')、CALi+1(h ') constructing a spatial trapezoid with 1 ≦ i ≦ n as four vertices, and when i ≦ n is 1, i +1, thereby forming n spatial trapezoids between every two adjacent curves of the n casing inner diameter curves between the current depth h and the next depth h' to form the spatial trapezoid grid,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well;
wherein, in the spatial trapezoid mesh creating stepAnd recording the ith well diameter value in the n casing inner diameter curves at the current depth h as CALi(h) (1 ≦ i ≦ n) and recording the interpolated magnetic wall thickness tool data as THKj(h) (j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n), the added data of the magnetic wall thickness logging instrument is THKk(h)＝CALi(h)+THKj(h) (k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n), namely, the value of the kth magnetic wall thickness logging instrument data at the current depth h is THKk(h) (1 ≦ k ≦ n), and, noting h 'as the next depth to the current depth and h' ═ h + level, level being the depth sampling interval, then THK is takenk(h)、THKk+1(h)、THKk(h')、THKk+1(h ') constructing a spatial trapezoid with 1 ≦ k ≦ n as four vertices, and k +1 is 1 when k ≦ n, whereby n spatial trapezoids are formed between every two adjacent ones of the n cannula thickness curves between the current depth h and the next depth h' to form the spatial trapezoid mesh,
repeating the above steps of forming the spatial trapezoid grid until the bottom of the well.
8. The method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to claim 7,
in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step, the spatial trapezoid mesh of a current depth range, that is, a depth range level between a current depth h and a next depth h' is loaded, and when the depth range is changed, the spatial trapezoid mesh of the changed depth range is loaded after the spatial trapezoid mesh loaded previously is unloaded.
9. The method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to claim 7,
after the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is formed in the spatial trapezoid mesh creating step, the spatial trapezoid mesh for the full well depth is loaded in the spatial trapezoid mesh loading step.
10. The method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to claim 7,
in the transverse circular arc interpolation processing, a near point interpolation method, a linear interpolation method or a cubic spline function combination interpolation method based on a cosine function suitable for circular arc processing and a first class of boundary conditions is adopted,
and adopting a near point interpolation method or a linear interpolation method in the longitudinal interpolation processing.
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Effective date of registration: 20201021 Address after: No. 6, liupukang, Xicheng District, Beijing 100120 Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM Corp. Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL LOGGING Corp. Patentee after: China National Petroleum Corporation Great Wall Drilling Engineering Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100101 Beijing Chaoyang District Anli Road No. 101 Patentee before: China National Petroleum Corporation Great Wall Drilling Engineering Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: CHINA NATIONAL LOGGING Corp. |