CN108025185A - 用于增强有益剂的局部应用的方法 - Google Patents
用于增强有益剂的局部应用的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108025185A CN108025185A CN201680054906.9A CN201680054906A CN108025185A CN 108025185 A CN108025185 A CN 108025185A CN 201680054906 A CN201680054906 A CN 201680054906A CN 108025185 A CN108025185 A CN 108025185A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于治疗、减轻和预防毛囊相关不利的皮肤/头皮病状的方法。这些方法包括提供并且取向装置,该装置是超声的,其中换能器相对于待应用超声的表面以非90°的角度定位。
Description
本发明涉及用于治疗、减轻和预防毛囊相关不利的皮肤/头皮病状的装置和方法。装置是超声的,其中换能器相对于待应用超声的表面以非90°的角度定位。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年9月22日提交的美国临时专利申请62/221,889的较早申请日的权益,该申请的全部内容据此以引用方式并入本文,如同本文所述一样。
背景技术
用于递送有益剂的组合物是众所周知的。典型的制剂包括溶液、乳液、悬浮液和凝胶。粘度可以基于预期的施用区域、预期用途(免洗型或洗去型)或消费者偏好而变化。当施用于皮肤时,有益剂在一定程度上渗透皮肤,这取决于该试剂和制剂。
需要控制有益剂的皮肤渗透的装置和方法。美国专利6,419,913涉及增强皮肤渗透的胶束组合物。然而,这些组合物可能难以制造并且产品的成本相对较高。也没有用于控制皮肤渗透程度的构件。已经利用超声装置来帮助止痛组合物和抗炎剂渗透皮肤以帮助减轻肌肉疼痛等。美国专利申请2009/0318852教导了用于将药剂应用于皮肤的超声装置,该申请以引用方式并入本文。所述装置的换能器在此类装置的外壳内未被取向成将生成的超声波相对于待应用超声的表面(例如,使用者的皮肤表面)以非90°(垂直)的角度投射。
发明内容
申请人现在已经发现,通过控制应用超声的角度,可以实现特定皮肤的益处和有益剂通过皮肤的渗透改善。根据本发明的方法和装置包括超声换能器,该超声换能器被取向成与将应用其的表面成一定角度,使得角度θ(如图3所示)在5°至75°的范围内,例如为15°、45°或60°。期望的角度将基于对皮肤有益剂所期望的特定皮肤益处或皮肤渗透程度所期望的超声强度而改变。
用于递送超声能量的装置和方法可以单独使用或与活性有益剂一起使用以用于毛发生长或再生长、美容、皮肤护理、伤口护理、皮肤病学和其它个人护理应用以及其它应用和行业。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的装置的底部透视图。
图2为图1装置的柄部和外壳的一部分的顶部透视图。
图3为沿横截面指示符3-3截取的图1的装置的剖视图。
图4a描绘了本说明书中描述的用于超声压力测量测试的设置/设备,其中换能器被定位成使得超声波的传播/方向垂直于硅树脂皮肤22。
图4b描绘了本说明书中描述的用于超声压力测量测试的设置/设备,其中换能器被定位成使得超声波的传播/方向相对于硅树脂皮肤22的平坦表面形成约15°的角度θ。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种用于在皮肤和/或头皮上生长或再生长毛发的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物;
b.将该局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到该功率源的声换能器的装置,该换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将该装置取向成使得由该换能器生成的任何超声波相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将该超声递送至该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域,同时保持相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面非垂直的该投射角θ。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种用于通过空化气泡在皮肤表面上诱导微小病灶来生长或再生长毛发的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物;
b.将该局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到该功率源的声换能器的装置,该换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将该装置取向成使得由该换能器生成的任何超声波相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将该超声递送至该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域,同时保持相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面非垂直的该投射角θ。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种用于刺激毛囊干细胞来促进毛发生长或再生长的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物;
b.将该局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到该功率源的声换能器的装置,该换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将该装置取向成使得由该换能器生成的任何超声波相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将该超声递送至该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域,同时保持相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面非垂直的该投射角θ。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种用于清洁毛囊和/或改善活性有益剂的毛囊递送的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物,该局部用组合物任选地包含活性有益剂;
b.将该局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到该功率源的声换能器的装置,该换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将该装置取向成使得由该换能器生成的任何超声波相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将该超声递送至该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域,同时保持相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面非垂直的该投射角θ。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及用于治疗、预防或减轻影响皮肤或头皮的毛囊的病状或疾病的方法,这些病状或疾病诸如痤疮、红斑痤疮、毛囊炎、毛囊角化病和毛发生长静止(telogenization)、毛囊角化过度或蟾皮病、毛囊性鱼鳞病、脱发和毛囊发育不良、多毛症/毛发过多、毛囊漏斗部、真菌丘疹、头皮屑、葡萄球菌脓疱痤疮坏死、须部假性毛囊炎、毛发角化病、油性皮肤、毛发灰白或皮脂溢,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于将超声波向和从超声装置传播的局部用组合物;
b.将该局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到该功率源的声换能器的装置,该换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将该装置取向成使得由该换能器生成的任何超声波相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将该超声递送至该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域,同时保持相对于该局部用组合物应用在其上的区域处的皮肤表面非垂直的该投射角θ。
具体实施方式
本发明的制品可包含本文所述的要素及限制、由本文所述的要素及限制组成或基本上由本文所述的要素及限制组成,以及任何本发明所述的另外或可任选的特征、组分或限制。
本文所用的术语“包含(及其语法上的变型)”是以“具有”或“包括”的涵括意义(并且与这些术语可互换地使用)而非以“仅包含”的排他意义使用。本文所用的术语“一种”和“所述”应该理解为涵盖复数形式以及单数形式。
以引用方式并入本文的所有文档仅以它们与该说明书一致的程度并入本文。
如本文所用,“活性有益剂”是对组织(例如能够对人或哺乳动物的身体施加生物效应的物质)具有美容或治疗效果的化合物(例如合成化合物或从自然来源分离的化合物),诸如治疗药物或美容剂。有益剂的示例包括小分子、肽、蛋白质、核酸物质和营养物质诸如矿物质和提取物。有益剂的使用量将取决于有益剂和/或最终产品的预期用途。有益剂可以是液体、固体或半固体。
如本文所用,“药学上可接受的”、“美容上可接受的”或“皮肤病学可接受的”意指适合与组织(例如,皮肤(包括头皮)、毛发、粘膜、上皮等)接触使用,而没有不适当的毒性、不相容性、不稳定性、刺激性或变应性应答。
如本文所用,“安全有效量”意指足以提供所期望水平的理想有益效果、但又低至足以避免严重副作用的量。该成分或组合物的安全有效量将根据正在治疗的部位、最终使用者的年龄、治疗的疗程和性质、所用的特定成分或组合物、所用的特定载体等因素而改变。
如本文所用,“靶向递送”意指有益剂的皮肤渗透深度被控制以改善功效和安全性。
如本文所用,术语“治疗”意指缓解或消除症状;治愈、预防或抑制疾病或医学病状;或改善组织生长/愈合或美容病状,诸如减少皮肤皱纹/细纹、深眼袋、脂肪团、皮肤纹/色素沉着过度或色调不均匀的外观;促进毛发生长或再生长;或减轻疼痛或炎症。
如本文所使用,术语“目测检查”意指人观察者可在至少等于约0.25米的距离处的标准75瓦白炽白光灯泡的照度的光照下用肉眼(除了用于弥补近视眼、远视眼或散光或其他校正视力的标准矫正镜片之外)视觉地辨别毛发或毛发生长的存在。
在某些实施方案中,如本文所公开的本发明可在不存在本文未具体公开的任何组分、或元素(或者组分或元素的组)或方法步骤的情况下实施。
在某些实施方案中,装置1包括具有底部部分3的外壳2,该底部部分3具有限定外壳开口5的周边4,周边4的边缘形成平坦(或基本上平坦)的应用表面6。任选地,柄部9附接到外壳2。平坦应用表面6的外侧面向方向7(即朝向应用表面诸如使用者皮肤)。在一些实施方案中,应用表面6适于位于由使用者的皮肤表面形成的平坦表面上并与该平坦表面平行(或基本上平行)。在某些实施方案中,装置包括换能器8和用于通过驱动电路(未示出)向换能器8提供电力的电源(未示出)。应当选择功率源以便在超声传播介质中产生空化气泡(如下所述)。在某些实施方案中,功率源能够提供约0.1W至约100W,优选约1W至约20W的电信号功率。在某些实施方案中,装置1的各种部件使用电缆/布线12连接。在一个实施方案中,换能器8、功率源和驱动电路设置在外壳2内。在其它实施方案中,换能器8设置在外壳2内并且功率源和任选的驱动电路设置在柄部9内。在无绳装置的情况下,功率源是电池(诸如可充电锂离子电池或非可充电电池),或者在有绳装置的情况下,功率源是通过电源软线从源电压(例如,壁式电插座)提供的AC电流。在某些实施方案中,可采用整流器或其它构件将AC电流转换为DC。
在某些实施方案中,功率可以在驱动电路之前进一步流过任选的时序控制器(未示出)。功率也可以流向任选的振动马达(未示出)。当使用时,时序控制器为装置1提供时序、马达控制和各种控制功能,并连接到驱动电路,该驱动电路任选地包括声学模块驱动电路以向换能器8提供必要的电驱动。当存在时,驱动电路可以进一步连接到马达驱动器,该马达驱动器向马达提供电力。马达不是严格需要的,并且被设置为使治疗头部(即,换能器8)振动以提供舒适的按摩效果。此外,振动头部可帮助将产品分散在皮肤上。驱动电路进一步连接到电接触件,该电接触件连接到可移除换能器隔室,从而提供换能器和驱动电路之间的电接触。外壳2(或用于上述部件的任选隔室)可以由本领域已知的常规塑料模制而成。合适的塑料包括聚乙烯、尼龙、聚丙烯等。
可用于本文的换能器8在本领域中是众所周知的。用于根据本发明的装置中的合适换能器生成声能。所采用的声能具有在20kHz或(约20kHz)至3000kHz(或约3000kHz),任选地100kHz(或约100kHz)至1000kHz(或约1000kHz),或任选地250kHz(或约250kHz)至750kHz(或约750kHz)的范围内的频率。换能器定位在外壳2中、与功率源和任选的驱动电路电连通,以用于生成或产生超声波11,并且换能器8被取向成使得超声波11从换能器8并穿过开口5相对于应用表面6以非90°(或者非垂直)或者小于90°的角度θ(如图3所示)投射。超声波11投射/引导的合适角度θ相对于应用表面在5°至75°,任选地10°至75°、任选地10°至60°、任选地10°至45°、任选地15°至30°的范围内。在某些实施方案中,超声波11投射/引导的角度θ选自由15°、45°、60°和75°组成的组。
在某些实施方案中,换能器8被取向成使得超声波11从换能器8并穿过开口5相对于应用表面6以非90°(或非垂直)或小于90°的角度θ(如图3所示)投射,并且在应用超声的时间段的至少50%(或约50%),任选地60%(或约60%)、任选地70%(或约70%)、任选地80%(或约80%)、任选90%(或约90%)或任选95%(或约95%)至100%(或约100%)(在每种情况下)内使超声波11的此类投射保持在此类取向上。在某些实施方案中,换能器8被取向成使得超声波11从换能器8并穿过开口5相对于应用表面6以非90°(或非垂直)或小于90°的角度θ(如图3所示)投射并且在应用超声的整个时间期间使超声波11的此类投射保持在此类取向上。
在某些实施方案中,传统的超声装置,诸如先前以引用方式并入的美国专利申请2009/0318852中描述的,可以用于实践本发明的使用方法,只要换能器相对于表面(诸如例如表面或哺乳动物皮肤和/或头皮)被取向成使得生成的超声波11相对于该表面以非90°的角度θ投射。
超声可用于提供多种皮肤益处,包括痤疮治疗、疤痕减少、磨皮以及预调理或准备皮肤以将局部活性物质以适当的频率范围递送到皮肤中。这是由于超声在超声波在其中传播的局部用组合物中产生空化气泡造成的。本发明人已经发现,因为空化气泡的体积和表面密度仅取决于频率和功率密度,所以超声换能器相对于皮肤的位置对超声促渗效率和结果的影响有限。因此,换能器可以被定位成避免垂直于皮肤引导生成的超声波能量(并且因此减少与此类垂直引导的能量相关的任何负面效应)。
超声也已在治疗上用于加速结缔组织愈合很长一段时间,并且还评估了其对细胞外基质和细胞增殖的直接影响。临床前研究表明,超声可以响应于模拟结缔组织基质损伤的体外条件刺激肌腱成纤维细胞中的胶原和弹性蛋白合成。另外,超声已显示在细胞快速增殖时间段期间刺激细胞分裂,并且已经通过发现在超声的情况下增加成纤维细胞的细胞增殖的其它研究得到证实。
已显示脉冲式低强度超声波(PLIUS)可诱导成纤维细胞中的胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白生成,并且也增加糖胺聚糖的水平。此外,低强度超声可通过降低基质金属蛋白酶MMP-3,7,13的表达而有助于损坏软骨的修复、抑制NO的分泌并且促进软骨中胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖的合成。累积起来看,这些结果表明超声可以改善细胞外基质产生。
不受理论的限制,在毛囊应用(或特异性地靶向毛囊内的区域)的情况下,认为一旦以上所述的空化气泡形成,它们就朝向皮肤表面迁移,并且由于它们的不稳定的性质而内爆,从而生成充当除增强活性有益剂(例如米诺地尔)通过皮肤表面的渗透之外还清洁毛囊和它周围的区域的流体微针的“微射流”。这些微射流的渗透深度随着超声频率的降低而增加,这是因为在较低频率下,空化气泡的尺寸增大,填充较大量的能量,该能量在内爆时刻传送到组织。
不受理论的限制,也认为超声还通过产生微流和微涡流来有助于毛囊清洁。顾名思义,微射流、微流和微涡流全部是微观现象。使用“微射流”的水浴进行清洁的主要问题在于液体在待清洁的表面(或靶标表面)和液体本身之间的界面处发展阻止液体相对于靶标表面的相对移动的停滞边界层,并且因此减弱液体清洁效率的事实。由超声产生的微涡流、微流和空化微射流移动促进液体甚至在液体和靶标表面之间的以上所述的界面处的移动,从而实现在微观制造物以及靶标表面周围的改善的清洁效率。清洁皮肤毛囊或简单地释放皮脂可以是由应用超声能量引起的这些微观机制中的所有或仅一个的结果。
如上所述,以掠射角应用超声能量(与常规的正交超声能量应用相对)的差异在于所有这些机制是存在的,但是在皮肤下的超声能量渗透显著地减弱。本发明的掠射角应用实际上促进微流和微涡流形成,因为超声能量比当它垂直于待清洁的表面(例如,人类或动物皮肤)应用时沿更长的路径保持在生成微流和微涡流的液体中。
此外,关于以上所述的空化气泡,超声频率是限定填充在每个空化气泡中的能量的主要参数。然而,空化仅在某一超声功率阈值以上发生。因此,对于某一装置构造,通过选择正确的频率和功率,超声促渗可以通过控制空化气泡能量(即,频率)和它们的体积和表面密度(即,功率密度)来准确地控制。在这些情况下,空化气泡通过在产生或不产生微小病灶的情况下迫使微射流中的液体渗透皮肤在产生它们自己的透皮递送溶液。如本文所用,术语“微小病灶”意指由空化气泡的内爆导致的离散病灶,而不是表面病灶。不受理论的限制,也认为直接靶向到毛囊中或邻近毛囊靶向的内爆空化气泡的“微射流”活化毛囊中的可以促进毛发生长或再生长的干细胞。
可以通过与超声结合使用表面活性剂来实现另外的益处。这种协同作用可能是由于表面活性剂对角质层的破坏以及超声提供的空化效应的双重益处。
值得注意的是,使用苛刻的表面活性剂或高能量探针可以不可逆转地损坏皮肤,使其失去治疗后稳定或自身愈合的能力。在使用(或不使用)含醇、表面活性剂和其它乳化剂的制剂的情况下相比于垂直于皮肤定向地递送超声能量的超声装置和方法,本发明的装置提供了改进的安全性,显著降低皮肤下递送的能量的量。
另外,超声可用于分解黑色素颗粒。存在于皮肤中的黑色素帮助减弱UV和可见辐射。黑色素与皮肤光学特性诸如光散射相关联;此类皮肤光学有助于了解皮肤健康、生理学和色素沉着。色素沉着过度是通过由于激素变化、过量日晒等过量产生黑色素而导致的皮肤病状。为了治疗色素沉着过度,典型的局部用治疗物像α羟基酸、类视色素已经用作外皮、面膜或洗剂来减少色素沉着。将黑色素颗粒分解成更小的微粒能够通过皮肤剥落更容易地去除,这可以潜在地改变皮肤的光学特性并减弱色素沉着过度。
不受理论的限制,本发明人相信,通过将超声波相对于应用表面以非90°的角度引导至皮肤表面,可以利用20kHz或(约20kHz)至3000kHz(或约3000kHz)、任选地100kHz(或约100kHz)至1000kHz(或约1000kHz)、或任选地250kHz(或约250kHz)至750kHz(或约750kHz)的换能器频率范围来增强或改善上述超声皮肤益处,同时防止和/或减少对使用者皮肤(超声应用发生处)的任何负面、不利或其它有害效应。
在某些实施方案中,当在每种情况下使用下述的超声压力测量测试测量时,与相对于应用表面以90°(或垂直)的角度θ投射/引导至应用表面的超声波或能量相比,通过本发明的装置和方法相对于应用表面以非90°或小于90°的角度θ(如图3所示)投射/引导至应用表面(例如,皮肤表面)的超声波或能量生成的超声压力较低,任选地低至少5倍、任选地低10倍、任选地低15倍。皮肤下的超声压力越高,皮肤下发生的组织损坏越多。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的装置和方法用于改善有益剂的皮肤渗透。
可用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物优选与超声装置结合使用以促进超声能量在装置和皮肤表面之间的传输。局部用组合物可以采取各种水或水基产品的形式,这些产品包括但不限于常规免洗产品(诸如水、液体、洗剂、霜剂、凝胶、棒状剂、喷雾剂和膏剂)、皮肤清洁产品(诸如液体洗涤剂、固体棒和擦拭物)、毛发产品(诸如洗发剂、调理剂、喷雾剂和摩丝)、成膜产品(诸如面膜)等。这些产品类型可包含若干种美容上或药学上可接受的载体形式中的任一种,包括但不限于溶液、悬浮液、乳液(诸如微米乳液和纳米乳液)、凝胶和固体载体形式。其它产品形式可由本领域的普通技术人员配制。在某些实施方案中,局部用组合物基本上不含(或不含)气泡以确保良好的超声传输。局部用组合物可以包括或不包括(即不含)活性有益剂。
在某些实施方案中,局部用组合物还包含活性有益剂,该活性有益剂用于局部施用于需要治疗可由此类活性有益剂治疗的病状或疾病的受试者(例如人),或以其它方式提供与活性有益剂相关联的治疗效果。此类治疗效果包括但不限于:抗微生物作用(例如抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒和抗寄生虫作用);抗炎作用,包括在表面或深层组织中的作用(例如减轻或消除软组织浮肿或发红);消除或减轻疼痛、疥疮或其它不适感;增强硬组织的再生或愈合(例如增强趾甲的生长速率或由于脱发造成的毛发损失的再生长)或增加软组织体积(例如增加皮肤或嘴唇中的胶原或弹性蛋白);增加脂肪细胞新陈代谢或改善身体外观(例如影响身体外形或形状和脂肪团减少);以及增加血液或淋巴细胞的循环。局部用组合物(含有或不含有有益剂,可以通过手指直接散布,然后可以通过根据本发明的装置将超声应用足以提供有益剂的靶向递送的时间段。时间段可以在约5秒至约1分钟,或任选地约20秒至约40秒的范围内变化。可替代地,可以将组合物应用于皮肤的一个区域并通过与根据本发明的装置接触和装置的铺展运动而展开。
在一个实施方案中,组合物含有安全有效量的活性有益剂,例如占活性有益剂组合物的约0.001重量%至约20重量%,诸如约0.01重量%至约10重量%。
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物包含可用于治疗皮肤病状(包括头皮病状)的至少一种有益剂。此类皮肤病状的示例包括但不限于痤疮(例如黑头和白头)、红斑痤疮、囊肿和皮肤的其它微生物感染;可见的皮肤老化征象(例如皱纹、松垂、灰黄和老年斑);松弛或松散皮肤、毛囊炎和须部假性毛囊炎;过量皮脂(例如用于皮脂减少或油性/发亮皮肤外观抑制或控制);色素沉着(例如用于减轻色素沉着过度,诸如雀斑、黄褐斑、光化性老年斑、老年斑、炎症后过度黑素沉着病、Becker痣和面部黑色素沉着或增强淡色皮肤色素沉着);过量毛发生长(例如腿部皮肤)或不足毛发生长(例如头皮上,诸如在少毛症[例如头皮病状脱发]中);皮炎(例如遗传性过敏性、接触性或溢脂性皮炎)、眼睛下部的黑眼圈、妊娠纹、脂肪团、过量出汗(例如多汗症)和/或牛皮癣。
(a)局部用抗痤疮/抗红斑痤疮组合物
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物还包含抗痤疮和/或抗红斑痤疮的活性有益剂。抗痤疮和抗红斑痤疮剂的示例包括但不限于:过氧化苯甲酰;硫;类视色素诸如维甲酸、异维甲酸、莫维A胺、阿达帕林、他佐罗汀、壬二酸和视黄醇;水杨酸;间苯二酚;磺乙酰胺;尿素;抗生素诸如四环素、克林霉素、甲硝唑和红霉素;抗炎剂诸如皮质类固醇(例如氢化可的松)、布洛芬、萘普生和酮洛芬;和咪唑类诸如酮康唑和二氯苯基咪唑二氧戊环;以及它们的盐和前药及混合物。抗痤疮活性有益剂的其它示例包括精油、α-红没药醇、甘草酸二钾盐、樟脑、β-葡聚糖、尿囊素、龙牙草、诸如大豆异黄酮等黄酮、沙巴棕、诸如乙二胺四乙酸等螯合剂、诸如银和铜离子等脂肪酶抑制剂、水解植物蛋白、氯、碘、氟无机离子及氯、碘、氟非离子衍生物和合成磷脂及天然磷脂,所述磷脂诸如ArlasilkTM磷脂(CDM、SV、EFA、PLN)和GLA(可从Croda,Edison,USA商购获得)。
(b)局部用抗衰老组合物
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物还包含抗衰老活性有益剂。合适的抗衰老活性有益剂的示例包括但不限于;交联透明质酸;类视色素;二甲氨基乙醇(DMAE)、含铜肽、维生素诸如维生素E、维生素A(视黄醇和它的衍生物,例如棕榈酸视黄酯)、维生素C(抗坏血酸和它的衍生物,例如抗坏血酸2-葡糖苷/AA2G)和维生素B(例如烟酰胺、烟酸)和维生素盐或衍生物诸如抗坏血酸二葡糖苷和维生素E醋酸酯或棕榈酸酯;α-羟基酸和它们的前体诸如乙醇酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、抗坏血酸、α-羟丁酸、α-羟基异丁酸、α-羟基异己酸、阿卓乳酸、α-羟基异戊酸、丙酮酸乙酯、半乳糖醛酸、葡庚糖酸、葡庚糖酸1,4-内酯、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸内酯、葡萄糖醛酸、葡糖醛酸内酯、丙酮酸异丙酯、丙酮酸甲酯、粘酸、丙酮酸、葡糖二酸、糖质酸-1,4-内酯、酒石酸和丙醇二酸;β-羟基酸诸如β-羟基丁酸、β-苯基乳酸和β-苯基丙酮酸;四羟丙基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺(THPED);以及植物提取物诸如绿茶、大豆、乳蓟、海藻、芦荟、当归、酸橙、咖啡、黄连、葡萄柚、hoellen、金银花、薏仁、紫草根、桑椹、芍药、葛根、大米和红花;以及它们的盐和前药及混合物。
(c)局部用脱色素组合物
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物包含脱色素活性有益剂。合适的脱色素活性有益剂的示例包括但不限于:大豆提取物;大豆异黄酮;类视色素诸如视黄醇;曲酸;曲酸二棕榈酸酯;对苯二酚;熊果苷;氨甲环酸;维生素诸如烟酰胺、烟酸和维生素C(抗坏血酸和AA2G;壬二酸;亚麻酸和亚油酸;placertia;甘草;以及提取物诸如春黄菊、葡萄籽和绿茶;天然活性物质(例如未变性大豆、桑椹、构树(桑科、小构树x.B papyrifera)、异黄酮、小白菊、枸杞子、乳蓟提取物、苋属植物油、石榴、马黛茶(yerbe mate)、白百合花提取物、橄榄叶提取物、根皮素及其混合物),以及它们的盐和前药及混合物。
(d)局部用抗银屑病组合物
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物包含抗银屑病活性有益剂。抗银屑病活性有益剂(例如用作皮脂溢性皮炎治疗)的示例(包括但不限于皮质类固醇(例如倍他米松二丙酸酯、倍他米松戊酸酯、丙酸氯倍他索、二乙酸二氟拉松、卤贝他索丙酸酯、曲安奈德、地塞米松、氟轻松醋酸酯、氟轻松、哈西奈德、曲安西龙醋酸酯、氢化可的松、戊酸氢化可的松、丁酸氢化可的松、阿氯米松双丙酸酯、氟氢缩松、糠酸莫米松、醋酸甲基氢化泼尼松)、甲氨蝶呤、环孢素、卡泊三醇、蒽林、页岩油及其衍生物、新康唑、酮康唑、柏油、水杨酸、吡啶硫酮锌、硫化硒、硫、薄荷醇和盐酸普莫卡因以及它们的盐和前药及混合物。
(e)局部用毛发生长或再生长活性物质
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物包含用于使头皮毛发、眉毛或睫毛生长或变得浓密的毛发生长或毛发再生长活性有益剂,可用于局部地治疗毛发病状(诸如少毛症)。此类毛发生长/再生长剂刺激毛发生长和/或防止毛发损失。毛发生长或毛发再生长活性有益剂的示例包括但不限于钾通道开放剂、ATP敏感钾通道、米诺地尔、二氮嗪或苯妥英、5α-还原酶抑制剂、非那雄胺、度他雄胺(例如Avodart)、妥罗雄脲、贝氯特来、艾宗特来、依立雄胺、表没食子儿茶素、5α-还原酶1型抑制剂、壬二酸、和SKF 105、111、酮康唑、氟康唑、螺甾内酯、氟他胺、二氮嗪、17-α-己酸孕酮、11-α-己酸孕酮、RU58841、氟罗地尔、或QLT-7704、抗雄激素寡核苷酸、前列腺素F2α类似物、前列腺素类似物、前列腺素、Latisse和Lumigan(RTM:比马前列素)、适利达(RTM:拉坦前列素)、舒压坦(RTM:曲伏前列素)、他氟前列素、乌诺前列酮、地诺前列酮F2α(RTM:地诺前列素)、(2S)-3-((1,1'-联苯基)-4-基磺酰基)-N-((R)-苯基(2-吡啶基)甲基)-1、3-噻唑烷-2-甲酰胺、BOL303259X、PF3187207、欣母沛(RTM:卡前列素)、Keranique(RTM:Kopexil)、氯化钙、肉毒毒素A、腺苷、DoxoRx(RTM:未定义)、多西他赛、他克莫司、GP11046、GP11511、LGD 1331、ICX-TRC、甲烷硫代磺酸酯-01(MTS-01)、NEOSH1O1、HYG-102440、HYG-410、HYG-420、HYG-430、HYG-440、螺甾内酯、皮质酮、17a-丙酸酯、RK-023、阿巴西普、Viviscal(RTM:天然饮食补充剂)、morrF、ASC-J9(RTM:(3Z,5E)-6-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-羟基己-3,5-二烯-2-酮)、NP-619、三氯化铵(二氧乙烯-o,o')碲酸盐、metron-F1、PSK 3841、塔革雷汀(RTM:贝沙罗汀)、MedinGel(RTM:生物可降解药物)、PF3187207、BOL303259X、(2S)-3-((1,1'-联苯基)-4-基磺酰基)-N-((R)-苯基(2-吡啶基)甲基)-1、3-噻唑烷-2-甲酰胺、THG11331、PF-277343、PF-3004459、瑞体肤、咖啡因、咖啡、草药(例如沙巴棕、野生大豆、人参、欧洲栗、山金车、常春藤和斑点老鹳草)、曲安奈德、局部用刺激物(例如蒽林)或敏化剂(例如方酸二丁酯或联苯基环丙烯酮)、氯米帕明、不饱和脂肪酸(例如γ亚麻酸)、脂肪酸衍生物、它们的盐和它们的混合物。
(e)非甾族抗炎剂
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物包含某些止痛活性有益剂,因此可制备用于局部治疗疼痛,诸如背部、肩部、关节处或源自这些部位的疼痛、肌肉酸痛/疼痛、痛经或源自唇疱疹或口腔溃疡的疼痛。用于缓解疼痛的此类有益剂包括但不限于非甾族类抗炎药(NSAID),诸如布洛芬、萘普生、水杨酸、酪洛芬和双氯芬酸以及它们的药学上可接受的盐。用于治疗疼痛和疥疮的其它局部用止痛活性有益剂包括但不限于水杨酸甲酯、薄荷醇、水杨酸三乙醇胺、辣椒素、利多卡因、苯佐卡因、盐酸普莫卡因和氢化可的松。
(f)其它局部成分
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物包含作为活性有益剂的植物提取物。植物提取物的示例包括但不限于龙牙草、大豆、野生大豆、燕麦片、芦荟、越橘、金缕梅、赤杨皮、山金车酊、茵陈蒿、细辛根、桦木、金盏花、春黄菊、蛇床属植物、聚合草、茴香、五倍子、山楂、鱼腥草、金丝桃属植物、枣子、猕猴桃、甘草、木兰、橄榄、胡椒薄荷、黄蘖属植物、鼠尾草属植物、日本纹竹、天然类异黄酮、大豆异黄酮和天然精油。
在某些实施方案中,任何上述活性有益剂可以组合使用。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的局部用组合物还包括用于改善活性有益剂通过皮脂的运输和/或有助于清洁毛囊的皮脂混溶性化合物。合适的皮脂混溶性化合物包括选自以下的化合物:乳酸C10至C35(任选地C10-C22)烷基酯诸如以下乳酸C10-C18烷基酯:乳酸十六烷基酯、乳酸十四烷基酯、甘油硬脂酸乳酸酯或乳酸C12-C15烷基酯等以及它们的混合物;挥发性硅氧烷诸如道康宁-345流体、DC 200流体、和在美国专利5,084,577中描述的那些、脂肪酸酯(例如异壬酸辛酯、棕榈酸辛酯、油酸异癸酯、丙烯二辛酸酯)、液体脂肪醇(例如油醇)、芳族醇诸如具有C6H5—R(OH)的化学结构的苯基醇,其中R为脂族基团,诸如苄醇和苯乙醇;芳族二醇醚诸如乙二醇苯基醚;基于丙烯或环氧丁烷的二醇醚,诸如丙二醇甲醚以及在美国专利5,133,967中公开的那些,该美国专利以其全部内容以引用方式并入本文中;脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸诸如亚油酸、亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、富含必需脂肪酸或多不饱和脂肪酸的植物、果实、或海产提取物诸如但不限于欧洲越桔(vaccinium myrtillus)(越桔)种子油、大果越桔(vaccinium macrocarpon)(大果越桔)种子油、红豆越桔(vaccinium vitis-idaea)(红豆越桔)种子油、悬钩子(rubus idaeus)(覆盆子)种子油、云莓(rubuschamaemorus)(云莓)种子油、红醋栗(ribes nigrum)(黑醋栗)种子油、沙棘(hippophaerhamnoides)(沙棘)种子油、车前叶蓝蓟(echium plantagineum)(蓝蓟)种子油、大麦(hordeum vulgare)(大麦)种子油、桦木芽(betula alba bud)提取物、沙巴棕提取物、琉璃苣油、月见草油、大豆油;cetyl ocenate;异十八烷基苯甲酸酯;季戊四醇四辛酸酯;异十八烷基苯甲酸酯;以及它们的组合。在某些实施方案中,本发明的皮脂混溶性化合物选自由以下项组成的组:乳酸C12-C15烷基酯、乳酸十四烷基酯、乳酸十六烷基酯、甘油硬脂酸乳酸酯、乙二醇苯基醚;基于丙烯或环氧丁烷的二醇醚、挥发性硅氧烷以及它们的混合物。在某些实施方案中,本发明的皮脂混溶性化合物选自由以下项组成的组:乳酸C12-C15烷基酯、乳酸十六烷基酯、乳酸十四烷基酯或它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,以组合物的重量计,皮脂混溶性化合物以下列量存在于局部用组合物中:0.5%(或约0.5%)至5%(或约5%),或任选1.0%(或约1.0%)至4%(或约4%),或任选1.5%(或约1.5%)至3%(或约3%)。
在某些实施方案中,出于清洁或有助于清洁毛囊的目的,将皮脂混溶性化合物掺入超声波传播局部用组合物中,而不进一步掺的毛发生长或毛发再长生活性有益剂。可替代地,出于清洁毛囊并改善毛发生长或毛发再生长活性有益剂通过皮脂-优选向毛囊的转运的目的,将皮脂混溶性化合物与毛发生长或毛发再生长活性有益剂一起掺入超声波传播局部用组合物中。
在本发明的实施方案中,活性有益剂与皮脂混溶性化合物的比率是10:1(或约10:1)至1:1(或约1:1),任选地5:1(或约5:1)至1:1(或约1:1),任选地3:1(或约3:1)至1:1(或约1:1),或任选地2:1(或约2:1)。
在一个实施方案中,局部用组合物包含一种或多种缓冲剂(诸如柠檬酸盐缓冲剂、磷酸盐缓冲剂、乳酸盐缓冲剂、葡糖酸盐缓冲剂)或胶凝剂、增稠剂或聚合物。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物或产品包含芳香剂,可有效用于减小压力、镇静和/或影响睡眠,例如薰衣草和春黄菊。
在一个实施方案中,组合物被应用到伤口中,以促进愈合或防止起疤。可治疗的伤口或病灶包括但不限于急性伤口以及慢性伤口(包括糖尿病性溃疡、静脉性溃疡和压疮)。
组合物可以包括抗真菌药或抗生素作为活性有益剂。抗真菌药的示例包括但不限于咪康唑、益康唑、酮康唑、舍他康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、伏立康唑、氯碘羟喹、比佛那唑(bifoconazole)、特康唑、布康唑、噻康唑、奥苷康唑、硫康唑、沙康唑、克霉唑、十一烯酸、卤普罗近、布替萘芬、托萘酯、制霉菌素、环吡酮胺、特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、萘替芬、新康唑、灰黄霉素以及它们的药学上可接受的盐和前药。在一个实施方案中,抗真菌药为唑、烯丙胺或它们的混合物。
抗生素(或抗菌剂)的示例包括但不限于莫匹罗星、硫酸新霉素、杆菌肽、多粘菌素B、1氧氟沙星、四环素(盐酸氯四环素、盐酸氧四环素-10和盐酸四环素)、磷酸克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、甲硝唑、己基间苯二酚、甲苄索氯铵、酚、季铵化合物、茶树油以及它们的药学上可接受的盐和前药。
可用于组合物中的抗微生物剂的示例包括但不限于洗必太盐,诸如碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸丁、双咪唑烷基脲、葡萄糖酸氯己定、醋酸氯己定、羟乙磺酸氯已定和盐酸氯已定。还可使用其它阳离子抗微生物剂,诸如苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、三氯卡班、聚六亚甲基双胍、十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓、甲苄索氯铵。其它抗微生物剂包括但不限于:卤代酚醛树脂化合物,诸如2,4,4',-三氯-2-羟基二苯醚(三氯生);对氯间二甲苯酚(PCMX);以及短链醇,诸如乙醇、丙醇等。在一个实施方案中,醇处于低浓度(例如小于载体的10重量%,诸如小于载体的5重量%),使得其不会造成隔膜的过度干燥。
可用作局部用组合物中的活性有益剂以用于病毒感染(诸如疱疹和肝炎)的抗病毒剂的示例包括但不限于咪喹莫特及其衍生物、普达非洛、鬼臼树脂、干扰素α、阿昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、reticulos(抗HIV病毒药物)和西多福韦,以及它们的盐和前体药物。
也可用作局部用组合物中的活性有益剂的抗炎剂的示例包括但不限于合适的甾族抗炎剂,例如皮质类固醇,诸如氢化可的松、羟基去炎松α甲基地塞米松、磷酸地塞米松、二丙酸倍氯米松、戊酸氯倍他索、地奈德、脱氧米松、醋酸去氧皮质酮、地塞米松、二氯松、二乙酸二氟拉松、戊酸二氟可龙、fluadrenolone、氟氯奈德、氟氢可的松、新戊酸氟米松、氟轻松、氟轻松醋酸酯、氟可丁酯、氟可龙、醋酸氟泼尼定(氟强的松)、氟氢缩松、哈西奈德、乙酸氢化可的松、丁酸氢化可的松、甲基强的松龙、曲安奈德、可的松、可托多松、flucetonide、氟氢可的松、醋酸双氟拉松、fluradrenalone acetonide、甲羟松、amciafel、安西非特、倍他米松、氯泼尼松、乙酸氯泼尼松、氯可托龙、clescinolone、二氯松、二氟泼尼酯、氟二氯松、氟尼缩松、氟甲去氧泼尼松龙、氟培龙、戊酸氢化可的松、氢化可的松环戊丙酸酯、氢可松氨酯、甲泼尼松、帕拉米松、氢化泼尼松、泼尼松、二丙酸倍氯米松、二丙酸倍他米松、氟羟氢化泼尼松及其盐和前体药物。在一个实施方案中,用于本发明中的甾族抗炎剂为氢化可的松。用于本发明组合物中的第二类抗炎剂包括非甾族抗炎剂。
可用作局部用组合物中的活性有益剂的伤口愈合促进剂的示例包括富血小板血浆(即血浆具有至少1百万/微升的血小板浓度)、重组人类血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)和其它生长因子、酮舍林、伊洛前列素、前列腺素E1和透明质酸、诸如甘露糖-6-磷酸等去疤剂、止痛剂、麻醉剂、诸如盐酸依氟鸟氨酸等毛发抑制剂、降压剂、治疗冠心病的药、抗癌剂、内分泌和代谢药物、神经病学药物、化学添加剂戒除药物、运动病、蛋白质和多肽药物。在本发明的某些实施方案中,富血小板血浆、重组人类血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)和其它生长因子也可用作毛发生长或再生长剂。
在一个实施方案中,将组合物与或不与其它抗真菌活性剂一起使用,以治疗或预防真菌感染(例如皮肤真菌,诸如须毛癣菌),包括但不限于甲真菌病、孢子丝菌病、甲癣、足癣(脚癣)、股癣(腹股沟癣)、体癣(轮癣)、头癣、花斑癣和假丝酵母感染相关疾病(例如白假丝酵母菌)诸如尿布疹、口腔鹅口疮、皮肤和阴道念珠菌病、生殖器皮疹、马拉色尔氏霉菌感染相关疾病,诸如花斑糠疹、糠秕孢子菌毛囊炎、皮脂溢性皮炎和头皮屑。
在另一个实施方案中,将局部用组合物与或不与抗菌活性剂一起使用,以治疗和预防细菌感染,包括但不限于痤疮、蜂窝织炎、丹毒、脓疱病、毛囊炎和疖痈以及急性伤口和慢性伤口(静脉性溃疡、糖尿病性溃疡和压迫性溃疡)。
在另一个实施方案中,将局部用组合物与或不与其它抗病毒活性剂一起使用,以治疗和预防皮肤的病毒性感染,包括但不限于传染性软疣和疣。
在另一个实施方案中,将局部用组合物与其它抗寄生虫活性剂一起使用或不一起使用,用于治疗和防止寄生虫感染,包括但不限于钩虫感染、虱、疥疮、海水浴疹和血吸虫皮炎。
该组合物也可用于促进指/趾甲生长、提高指/趾甲强度以及减轻指/趾甲感染或变色。该组合物可掺入到用于治疗指/趾甲真菌病(onychomychosis)的下述组合物中,这些组合物的活性有益剂诸如但不限于咪康唑、益康唑、酮康唑、丝他康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、伏立康唑(voricoriazole)、氯碘羟喹、比佛那唑、特康唑、布康唑、噻康唑、奥苷康唑、硫康唑、沙康唑、克霉唑、十一烯酸、卤普罗近、布替萘芬、托萘酯、制霉菌素、环吡酮胺、特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、萘替芬、二氯苯基咪唑二氧戊环、灰黄霉素以及它们的药学上可接受的盐和前药。该组合物可掺入到用于改善指/趾甲观感的下述组合物中,这些组合物的成分诸如但不限于:生物素、泛酸钙、生育酚乙酸酯、泛醇、植烷三醇、烟碱酸胺、氯化钙、库拉索芦荟(叶汁)、丝蛋白、大豆蛋白、过氧化氢、碳酰二胺、绿茶提取物、乙酰半胱氨酸和半胱氨酸。
实践方法
更具体地,在某些实施方案中,将含有本发明的活性有益剂的局部用组合物应用于皮肤或头皮的受影响区域(即,需要来自活性有益剂的治疗的区域),之后在局部用组合物的应用区域处应用超声。超声装置进行校准以提供在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能,包括换能器的超声的头部定位在应用的区域上,使得超声波相对于受影响区域的表面以非90°(垂直)的角度θ朝向受影响区域(或如本文以上另外描述的)。另外,局部用组合物(具有或不具有活性有益剂)通常应用于受试者的皮肤之间,以便来自超声装置的换能器的超声波的有效传播。超声声能的每次应用的持续时间在约5秒至约1分钟的范围内。对于至少两次的连续应用重复上述方法,任选地,以至少每天一次的频率进行至少2次的连续应用。
在某些实施方案中,超声装置可以被配置成和/或尺寸被设定成诸如通过“帽”,“带”、“具有可附接端部的包裹物”或“贴片”的方式在皮肤上固定式应用。
下面示出了若干实施例,以进一步说明本发明的实质和实施本发明的方式。然而,本发明不应被认为限定于其细节。
实施例:
下面示出了一些实施例,以进一步说明本发明的实质和实施本发明的方式。然而,本发明不应被认为限定于其细节。
实施例1:
布洛芬凝胶制备
按照下述程序用下表1中的成分制备局部用布洛芬凝胶组合物。
表1.
| 编号 | 成分 | 成分来源 | 布洛芬凝胶制剂(重量%) |
| 1 | 乙醇 | 20 | |
| 2 | 布洛芬,USP | 5 | |
| 3 | 丙二醇 | 2 | |
| 4 | 丁羟甲苯(BHT) | 0.1 | |
| 5 | 水,USP | 69.1 | |
| 6 | Carbopol(Ultrez 30) | 1 | |
| 7 | 三乙胺 | 2.8 | |
| 总计 | 100 |
程序:将成分编号1-4称量到容器中并混合至均匀。称量成分编号5和6并加入,然后混合形成均匀的悬浮液。在混合下加入成分7,直至形成均匀透明凝胶,最终凝胶pH为6.8。
实施例2.
利用Franz池扩散池运行超声促渗(超声)研究的实验设置由定制的通用发生器组成,该通用发生器能够在20kHz-2MHz范围内驱动超声换能器,电功率高达60W(电压+/-30V,电流:2A,占空比50%),具有方波形。递送至换能器的实际功率取决于具体的实验条件,并针对每个实验进行了规定。驱动波形通过同轴电缆递送至换能器,该同轴电缆在一端部处具有BNC连接器,并且在换能器端部处具有定制的非同轴连接器。
换能器是压电式的,并且具有盘形形状(直径20或25mm)或矩形形状(10×20mm2)。换能器的厚度取决于与其成反比的基频。为了防止液体或凝胶扰乱电连接件,将每个换能器封装在塑料壳体中,仅使换能器的一侧暴露于局部用组合物。壳体由坚硬的塑料制成,并且换能器用硅树脂粘合剂密封,以使其能够或多或少地自由振荡。壳体还使电连接件与局部用组合物分离。
对于超声波能量垂直于皮肤递送的超声促渗实验,在上述封装设置中使用盘形换能器。对于成角度的超声应用,封装超声换能器的壳体以铰接构造组装,使角度在15度和90度(垂直)之间。注意:0度的角度将与皮肤表面平行地发送超声波。
为了严格控制实验条件,在所有研究中使用以下顺序:
1.借助于Agilent 4294A阻抗测试仪测试封装换能器的阻抗/频率参数
-该测试仪是工业和研究中任何超声材料和装置的首选测试仪。参数在换能器的整个寿命(常常在进行研究之前和之后测量)期间进行记录和追踪。
感兴趣的参数为:串联谐振值-它对于给定的换能器应尽可能小;串联电阻下方和之后的相角-在串联谐振频率之前它应尽可能接近-90度,并且在串联谐振频率上方它应尽可能接近+90度,并且在驱动器的捕获带中没有寄生谐振(驱动器能够将它的频率调整至特定研究参数并且需要“平滑”相过渡)。
2.通过声压法测试递送至规定量的水的超声能量。测试设置使用放置在天平上的塑料盘,其中换能器降入水中并与底部保持固定距离并通过外部支撑件(不与天平接触)保持在该固定高度处。用通用驱动器以谐振频率驱动换能器,并记录与电力相关的由声压产生的附加重量。该方法是用于表征换能器是否重复工作的定性方法。
3.在规定的功率和测试条件下用Franz扩散池进行研究。
4.用超声能量重复测试-检查初始值。
5.用阻抗测试仪重复测试-检查初始值。
体外皮肤渗透研究
伴有超声或不伴有超声的布洛芬皮肤渗透研究的程序:
如下对5%布洛芬凝胶组合物进行不伴有超声(被动扩散)或通过应用超声促进(超声促渗)的通过人尸体皮肤的体外皮肤渗透研究:
皮肤渗透研究对于如实施例1中公开的制备的本发明样品评估了布洛芬通过人皮肤的渗透性。使用商业布洛芬凝胶产品IBULEVE布洛芬凝胶(由DDD ltd,Watford,Herts,WD18 7JJ,UK生产)作为基准,根据包装上的产品标签该产品含有5%W/W布洛芬以及IMS(工业甲基化酒精)、卡波姆、丙二醇、二乙胺和纯净水。使用熟知的Franz扩散池方法(在US20020006418A1中提出的,该专利以引用方式并入本文)。Franz池具有3.0cm直径和对于供体池的7.07cm2表面积,并且受体隔室的体积为25ml。将磁力搅拌棒添加到供体隔室中。用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)填充液体受体。去除供体隔室中的气泡。在磁力搅拌器上将系统恒温在37℃,以确保实验期间液体受体的均质性。将来自商业组织库(Ohio Valley Tissue andSkin Center,Cincinnati,OH,用皮刀处理成大约0.4mm)的人尸体皮肤样品切割成玻璃扩散池的大小,并且将皮肤安置在Franz池上。
对于指定用于测试被动扩散的扩散池,将0.2ml的测试凝胶样品应用在皮肤表面上。对于指定用于测试超声促渗的扩散池,加入额外的测试样品(2-5ml)以确保在超声处理期间超声换能器顶端的整个或至少大部分被测试凝胶浸没。在超声处理之后,立即从供体池中除去过量的凝胶,使得剩余的测试凝胶为大约0.2ml。
用以下测试条件进行超声处理:
a)在超声方向和皮肤表面之间以90度(°)的角度进行常规超声处理;
b)在超声波方向和皮肤表面之间以小于90度的角度进行成角度超声处理。
在例如0、0.5、1、2、4、6以及最多至24小时的预定的时间点从受体隔室收集样品。在研究结束时,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)系统分析从Franz池的受体隔室收集的样品的布洛芬水平,并且计算渗透过皮肤层的布洛芬的量。
布洛芬皮肤渗透结果:
结果示于表2-4中。针对3次不同平行测定,以微克(μg)为单位记录不同皮肤层中所计算的布洛芬水平的最终平均值。
表2示出来自研究1的布洛芬皮肤渗透结果,其中在3W的信号功率下应用超声处理(UT),使得超声换能器将700kHz频率下的超声能量递送至皮肤表面,该超声能量对于一组三个扩散池具有45度角度。出于比较目的,另一组三个扩散池在不伴有任何超声处理的情况下以被动扩散运行。
表2.
表2中的结果表明45度的成角度超声促渗显著增强了布洛芬通过人皮肤到达受体隔室的渗透。例如,与来自相同布洛芬凝胶、不伴有超声的行进穿过皮肤的布洛芬相比,来自实施例1的布洛芬凝胶、来自45度UT超声促渗的那些布洛芬的布洛芬皮肤渗透增强因子分别地在第6小时为大约4.3倍,在第24小时为2.8倍。当与来自商业布洛芬凝胶IBULVE的布洛芬被动扩散相比时,布洛芬皮肤渗透增强因子分别地在第6小时为12.1倍,在第24小时为4.6倍。
表3示出来自研究2的布洛芬皮肤渗透结果,其中在3W的信号功率下应用超声处理(UT),使得超声换能器将700kHz频率下的超声能量递送至皮肤表面,其中该超声能量对于一组三个扩散池(中间列或第2列)具有60度角度。出于比较目的,另一组三个扩散池(最后一列或第3列)在没有任何超声处理的情况下以被动扩散运行。第一列(第1列)也旨在用于超声处理。但是,发现超声换能器在超声处理期间不起作用,因为在超声波治疗之后对超声换能器的测试显示没有超声波压力从换能器顶端出来,因此,这组扩散池事实上是不伴有任何超声处理的被动扩散,就像最后一列(第3列)的测试条件一样。
表3.
表3中的结果表明,在不伴有任何超声处理的情况下,布洛芬被动扩散产生类似的渗透过皮肤并到达受体隔室的布洛芬,如比较第1列和第3列的结果。相比之下,60度的成角度超声促渗显著增强了布洛芬通过人皮肤到达受体隔室的渗透。在第6小时和第24小时与不伴有超声(第3列)的布洛芬相比,来自60度UT超声促渗的布洛芬的渗透增强因子在第6小时为大约2.9倍,在第24小时为2.0倍。
表4示出来自研究3的布洛芬皮肤渗透结果,其中在3W的信号功率下应用超声处理(UT),使得超声换能器将700kHz频率下的超声能量递送至皮肤表面,其中该超声能量对于一组三个扩散池(第1列)具有15度角度,并且对于另一组三个扩散池具有90度角度,这是大多数超声促渗研究中应用超声处理的方式。出于比较目的,另一组三个扩散池(最后一列或第3列)在没有任何超声处理的情况下以被动扩散运行。
表4.
表4中的结果表明,与不伴有超声处理(第3列)相对比,15度(第1列)和90度(第2列)超声处理均显著增强了布洛芬通过人皮肤的渗透。在第6小时和第24小时与不伴有超声处理(第3列)的渗透增强因子相比,15度UT超声促渗的渗透增强因子在第6小时和第24小时为大约3.0倍;并且在第6小时和第24小时与不伴有超声(第3列)的增强因子相比,90度UT超声促渗(第3列)的增强因子在第6小时为大约2.3倍并且在第24小时为2.0倍。令人惊讶的是,除了消除对非预期超声暴露的深部组织的上述显著安全益处之外,15度的成角度超声处理可产生与常规使用的90度超声处理相比类似或甚至更好药物皮肤渗透增强。
超声压力测量测试。
为了证明将换能器取向成使得超声波以角度θ(如本文所述)被引导至一个或多个应用位点(即皮肤表面)的改善安全性,进行体外超声压力测量测试。当以在90(垂直)至15度范围内的可变角度递送超声能量时,超声压力测量测试使用针对30kHz-10MHz范围校准的Onda水听器来确定由本发明的装置或方法生成的超声压力。超声压力测量测试使用图4a和4b中所示的设置。图4a和4b示出了外部容器20,其中定位了具有由硅树脂皮肤22(由Skindaver/Florida制造)形成的底部的内部容器30。如图4a和4b所示,将水添加到容器20和30中的每个容器以形成局部区域23(即,换能器8和硅树脂皮肤22之间的区域)和“在皮肤下方[或下面]”(即,在硅树脂皮肤22下方)的区域24。如此形成,“在皮肤下方”的区域24模拟了活体生物的天然皮肤下的组织区域。局部区域23模拟了与超声生成换能器8结合使用的局部用组合物。水听器21(Onda HNR-1000通过AH-1100放大器连接至Tektronix示波器)定位在“在皮肤下方”的区域24中来测量由从换能器8通过硅树脂皮肤22投射的超声波生成的电压;测量的电压与由在“在皮肤下方”的区域24处的超声波生成的声压成正比。
超声能量以714kHz应用,其中信号功率为3W(在0.15A处40V峰间值)。使用图4a和4b的设置,首先将超声能量从通过定位元件26定位的换能器8应用到硅树脂皮肤22,使得通过定位元件26将超声波引导成垂直于硅树脂皮肤22,如图4a所示。使用图4b的设置,同样将超声能量从通过定位元件26定位的换能器8应用到硅树脂皮肤22,使得超声能量波传播方向相对于硅树脂皮肤的平坦平面形成约15°的角度θ,如图4b所示。被取向成使得超声波垂直于硅树脂皮肤的换能器8生成10V的幅值。被取向成使得超声波相对于硅树脂皮肤的平坦表面以约15°的角度θ朝向硅树脂皮肤22(即,如图3所示的角度θ的情况)的换能器8生成仅为0.9V的幅值。幅值电压的大约10倍减小与皮肤下组织中超声压力的大约10倍减少相关,这表明相对于垂直超声波投射(朝向皮肤表面),成角度超声波投射(朝向皮肤表面)的组织安全性增加。
小鼠毛发生长研究
实验设计
研究的持续时间
本研究的活体阶段部分持续60天。活体阶段以第3天的临床观察开始而开始,并以第56天的验尸而结束。第一剂量的那天被指定为第0天。
组分配
在将小鼠带入设施并放入笼中时,将它们分配成11个组。每组由5只小鼠组成。将最后五只数字动物视为替换动物并在第0天根据需要进行登记。
测试制品和施用途径
对于测试凝胶的表皮施用,在施用剂量之前在第0天对小鼠进行剃毛。由技术人员手动地约束小鼠,使用注射器或移液管吸取测试凝胶的剂量,并将测试凝胶应用于动物的背部。
给药频率和持续时间
将测试凝胶每天施用一次,持续56天。记录剂量施用次数。由于表皮施用程序的性质不同并且由于在给药之前需要进行各种评估,所以每只动物的给药时间每天都有所不同。
观察、测量以及样本
身体检查
在开始研究之前,通过由兽医、兽医技师或认可的研究技术人员完成的医疗记录确认每只动物都是健康的。健康标准包括在最初给药和正常身体检查前3天期间没有异常临床征象。所有研究动物均身体健康。
临床观察
最初给药前3天每天至少观察一次动物(健康评估的预研究)。最后一次临床观察是在安乐死之前第56天的早晨。所有的观察结果均是在发生时记录的。活体阶段评估包括但不限于对活动、姿势、呼吸、水合状态和整体身体状况的评估。
剂量组、浓度和应用程序
给药方案概述于下表5中:
表5:测试凝胶(TG)研究组的设计
*对于超声处理,应当将装置的头部(超声换能器)压贴在小鼠皮肤的凝胶制剂层上而没有任何气隙,并且以循环运动移动,并且重复该程序以覆盖动物的整个背部皮肤。对于第3至第11组,将动物用超声装置处理,第一周在第0天和第3天给药,后面是根据周一-周三-周五方案给药。在没有指明超声处理的日子里,仅向治疗的皮肤区域应用测试凝胶。
测试组
1 未治疗的(阴性对照)
2 安慰剂凝胶,每天(测试凝胶1)
3 5%米诺地尔凝胶,每天(测试凝胶2)
4 UT1+安慰剂凝胶(测试凝胶1+UT1,3x/周)
5 UT1+5%米诺地尔凝胶(测试凝胶2+UT1,3x/周)
6 UT2+安慰剂凝胶(测试凝胶1+UT2,3x/周)
7 UT2+5%米诺地尔凝胶(测试凝胶2+UT2,3x/周)
8 UT3+安慰剂凝胶(测试凝胶1+UT3,3x/周)
9 UT3+5%米诺地尔凝胶(测试凝胶2+UT3,3x/周)
10 UT4+安慰剂凝胶(测试凝胶1+UT4,3x/周)
11 UT4+5%米诺地尔凝胶(测试凝胶2+UT4,3x/周)
通过改变装置设置和/或处理顶端来调整超声处理(UT)1-4以产生以下参数:(i.换能器频率,ii.超声波投射角度,和iii.超声应用的时间):
·UT1-超声处理1(50kHz,90度,30秒)
·UT2-超声处理2(50kHz,15度,30秒)
·UT3-超声处理3(700kHz,90度,30秒)
·UT4-超声处理4(700kHz,15度,30秒)
上述测试组中用作测试凝胶2的5%米诺地尔凝胶通过使用常规混合技术混合表6中所示的成分来制备。用作测试凝胶1的1%Klucel增稠的商业5%米诺地尔溶液凝胶通过使用常规混合技术将Klucel(羟丙基纤维素)混合到可商购获得的Walgreen's 5%米诺地尔局部用溶液中以形成1%Klucel米诺地尔凝胶来制备。
表6.
表7是基于不同时间点所拍摄的图像,第1-11组中的每组中的5只小鼠的终毛覆盖程度的平均值。视觉观察第0周(小鼠剃毛当天)所拍摄的照片证明,在此研究阶段测试组的所有小鼠都已去除所有终毛。
表7
后来,超声装置中的换能器被确定为在第4-7组测试期间是故障的。
第9组:在研究的第一周期间,三次超声处理后两天,5只小鼠中有3只在皮肤上出现组织损伤病灶。该组停用超声处理,但每日继续局部米诺地尔凝胶施涂。停止超声处理后,所有组织损伤病灶愈合。
第10组:在两周(6次UT处理后5只小鼠中有2只发生皮肤病灶。停用UT。
第11组:在研究期间没有发生组织损伤病灶。
如表7中所示的每组平均小鼠毛发覆盖评分证明,用测试凝胶2和以700kHz频率和15度角度进行30秒的超声处理(第11组)治疗的小鼠皮肤与第1-10组的任何治疗方案相比在第24天实现了较快的终毛覆盖程度,而没有形成组织损伤病灶。值得注意的是,第11组的治疗方案与仅用测试凝胶2治疗(即,不伴有超声处理)的小鼠相比在第24天实现了较快的终毛覆盖程度。
相比之下,关注于在45天时间段内实现的终毛发覆盖的总体程度和速度,第10组的治疗方案(测试凝胶1加超声处理3[700kHz,90度,30秒])相对于仅测试凝胶1(第2组)未显示如关于第9组和第11组的测试凝胶2和超声组合(在700kHz下;分别为90°和15°;进行30秒)相对于仅用测试凝胶2的治疗(第3组)所示的相同毛发生长覆盖改善。这教导了测试凝胶2的制剂包含改善与超声组合的测试凝胶2(在700kHz下;分别为90°和15°;进行30秒)的组合治疗作用的成分。
而且,如通过第10组与第6组治疗方案的比较以及第11组与第7组的比较所指出的,表7进一步显示,与700kHz频率和15°掠射角下的超声与测试凝胶1或测试凝胶2的组合使用相比,使用50kHz频率和15°掠射角下的超声在与测试凝胶1或测试凝胶2组合时对于毛发再生长具有较小的效果。将50kHz频率下(15°掠射角下)的超声与测试凝胶1和2组合实际上分别降低了单独使用测试凝胶1或测试凝胶2的毛发再生长效果,如通过比较第6组与第2组和比较第7组与第3组所示。
Claims (24)
1.一种用于在皮肤和/或头皮上生长或再生长毛发的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物;
b.将所述局部用组合物应用到所述皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到所述功率源的声换能器的装置,所述换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将所述装置取向成使得由所述换能器生成的任何超声波相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将所述超声递送至所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域,同时保持相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的所述皮肤的所述表面非垂直的所述投射角θ。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述局部用组合物包括毛发生长或毛发再生长活性有益剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述局部用组合物包括皮脂混溶性化合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述超声递送约5秒至约1分钟范围内的时间段。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述超声递送约20秒至约40秒范围内的时间段。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述角度θ相对于受影响区域的所述皮肤表面在5°至75°的范围内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述角度θ相对于受影响区域的所述皮肤表面在10°至75°的范围内。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述角度θ相对于受影响区域的所述皮肤表面在10°至60°的范围内。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述角度θ相对于受影响区域的所述皮肤表面在10°至45°或135°至170°的范围内。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述角度θ相对于受影响区域的所述皮肤表面在15°至30°或150°至165°的范围内。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述频率在约100kHz至约1000kHz的范围内。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述频率在约250kHz至约750kHz的范围内。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中当在每种情况下使用本说明书中描述的超声压力测量测试测量时,由所述超声波生成的超声压力小于由以相对于所述应用表面垂直的角度朝向所述应用表面投射的超声波生成的任何超声压力。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中当在每种情况下使用本说明书中描述的超声压力测量测试测量时,所述超声压力比由以相对于所述应用表面垂直的角度朝向所述应用表面投射的超声波生成的超声压力小至少5倍。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中当在每种情况下使用本说明书中描述的超声压力测量测试测量时,所述超声压力比由以相对于所述应用表面垂直的角度朝向所述应用表面投射的超声波生成的超声压力小至少10倍。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中当在每种情况下使用本说明书中描述的超声压力测量测试测量时,所述超声压力比由以相对于所述应用表面垂直的角度朝向所述应用表面投射的超声波生成的超声压力小至少15倍。
17.一种用于清洁毛囊和/或改善活性有益剂的毛囊递送的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物,所述局部用组合物任选地包括活性有益剂;
b.将所述局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到所述功率源的声换能器的装置,所述换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将所述装置取向成使得由所述换能器生成的任何超声波相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将所述超声递送至所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域,同时保持相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的所述皮肤的所述表面非垂直的所述投射角θ。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述局部用组合物包括皮脂混溶性化合物。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述皮脂混溶性混合物选自乳酸C12-C15烷基酯、乳酸十六烷基酯、乳酸十四烷基酯或它们的混合物。
20.一种用于通过空化气泡在皮肤表面上诱导微小病灶来生长或再生长毛发的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物;
b.将所述局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到所述功率源的声换能器的装置,所述换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将所述装置取向成使得由所述换能器生成的任何超声波相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将所述超声递送至所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域,同时保持相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的所述皮肤的所述表面非垂直的所述投射角θ。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述局部用组合物包括毛发生长或毛发再生长活性有益剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述局部用组合物包括皮脂混溶性化合物。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述皮脂混溶性混合物选自乳酸C12-C15烷基酯、乳酸十六烷基酯、乳酸十四烷基酯或它们的混合物
24.一种用于刺激毛囊干细胞来促进毛发生长或再生长的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供用于来自超声装置的超声波的传播的局部用组合物;
b.将所述局部用组合物应用到皮肤或头皮的需要治疗的区域;
c.提供具有功率源和电连接到所述功率源的声换能器的装置,所述换能器进行校准以生成在约20kHz至约3000kHz的范围内的频率下的声能;
d.将所述装置取向成使得由所述换能器生成的任何超声波相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的皮肤表面以非垂直的角度θ投射;以及
e.将所述超声递送至所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域,同时保持相对于所述局部用组合物应用在其上的所述区域处的所述皮肤的所述表面非垂直的所述投射角θ。
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