CN108034896B - 一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料及其制备方法,所述奥氏体不锈钢材料按重量百分比计组成为:N:0.2~4.5%、Cr:13~20%、Ni:6~12%、Mo:0.2~3%、Si:0.1~1.2%、Mn:0.2~1.8%、V:0.5~20%,其余为Fe,所述颗粒为氮化钒硬质相颗粒;本发明的制备方法包括(1)雾化制粉,(2)压制生坯,(3)活化烧结,(4)固溶处理,(5)加工成品。本发明所述奥氏体不锈钢材料是在可控分解氨气的氛围中采用粉末冶金活化烧结直接致密化,得到的不锈钢中的硬质相颗粒为氮化钒硬质颗粒,起到很好的强度增强效果,工艺简单,生产成本低,制备周期短,可实现工业规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
不锈钢是一种在大气和淡水等弱腐蚀介质中不生铁锈,在酸、碱、盐和海水等苛刻腐蚀性介质中耐腐蚀的钢,具有良好的耐腐蚀、耐高温、耐磨损、外观精美等特性,广泛应用于石油、化工、化肥、制药、食品、国防、餐具、合成纤维和石油提炼等行业。奥氏体不锈钢是不锈钢中用量比较广泛的一类钢材,在世界范围内和在各主要不锈钢生产国中,铬镍奥氏体不锈钢的产量一般占不锈钢总产量的50~60%以上,奥氏体不锈钢具有良好的耐蚀性,但是此类钢的固溶态强度偏低,限制了奥氏体不锈钢的使用和发展,为提高奥氏体不锈钢的强度,现有研究和报道的资料表明,通过加氮固溶强化、以锰代镍以及冷作硬化,可以提高奥氏体不锈钢的强度,但是高氮不锈钢在制备技术上难度比较大,以锰代镍型不锈钢严重降低耐腐蚀性,冷作硬化在一定程度上增加工时和成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料及其制备方法,用以解决现有奥氏体不锈钢强度偏低的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案通过合金化金属粉末在烧结过程中原位生成硬质相氮化钒颗粒增加奥氏体不锈钢的强度,具体方案为:
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料,按重量百分比计组成为:N:0.2~4.5%、Cr:13~20%、Ni:6~12%、Mo:0.2~3%、Si:0.1~1.2%、Mn:0.2~1.8%、V:0.5~20%,其余为Fe,所述颗粒为氮化钒硬质相颗粒,均匀分布于奥氏体不锈钢基体中;
进一步地,所述的氮化钒硬质相颗粒的粒径小于1μm,体积分数为1~40%;
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照不锈钢制品要求进行原材料配料,采用粉末冶金雾化制粉技术进行冶炼制粉,得到成分可控的合金粉末,并对雾化合金粉末进行筛分、合批,得到满足不锈钢制品要求的合金粉末;
(2)对步骤(1)所得合金粉末进行常规压制成型或等静压成型,得到生坯;
(3)在可控分解氨气的气氛中对步骤(2)所得生坯进行活化烧结,并在烧结高温区采用氩气加压烧结使其致密化,在最高温度时保温保压1~6小时,得到烧结坯;
(4)对步骤(3)所得烧结坯进行去应力固溶处理,在700~1000℃下保温2~10小时,得到组织均匀的不锈钢坯料;
(5)根据使用要求加工成最终产品;
进一步地,所述步骤(1)粉末冶金雾化制粉过程中冶炼钢水的氧含量小于100ppm;
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的合金粉末的粒度为10~100μm;
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中合金粉末常规压制成型的压力为400~800Mpa,等静压压制成型的压力为100~200Mpa;
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中的氩气加压的压力为10~50Mpa;
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中烧结高温区的温度为1100~1350℃。
本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明基于奥氏体不锈钢在高温和室温下均具有奥氏体组织,没有组织转变,不能通过热处理来提高强度的特性,从强化机理着手,通过大量的热力学计算和实验验证,在可控分解氨气的氛围中烧结合金粉末生坯得到硬质相颗粒为氮化钒硬质颗粒的不锈钢材料,其硬质颗粒均匀分布于奥氏体不锈钢基体中,起到很好的增强效果。
2、本发明采用粉末冶金活化烧结直接致密化,避免了氮化钒硬质颗粒团聚现象,在高温烧结区采用氩气加压烧结,得到烧结态致密度接近全致密的烧结坯,工艺简单,生产成本低,制备周期短,可实现工业规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料,按重量百分比计组成为:N:0.3%、Cr:16.83%、Ni:11.88%、Mo:2.48%、Si:0.59%、Mn:0.5%、V:0.99%,其余为Fe,所述颗粒为氮化钒硬质相颗粒,粒径小于1μm,体积分数为1~2%。
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上不锈钢材料的组成配比进行原料配料,采用粉末冶金雾化制粉技术进行冶炼制粉,在制粉过程中冶炼钢水的氧含量控制小于100ppm,对雾化生成的金属粉末进行筛分,选用-250目的合金粉末;
(2)对步骤(1)所得合金粉末在180Mpa的压力下进行冷等静压成型,得到生坯;
(3)在可控分解氨气的气氛中对步骤(2)所得生坯进行活化烧结,烧结温度为1100~1280℃,采用氩气加压至30Mpa,在1280℃下保温保压2小时,得到烧结坯;
(4)对步骤(3)所得烧结坯进行去应力固溶处理,在800℃下保温3小时,得到组织均匀的不锈钢坯料;
(5)根据使用要求加工成最终产品。
实施例2
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料,按重量百分比计组成为:N:1.17%、Cr:16.19%、Ni:11.43%、Mo:2.38%、Si:0.57%、Mn:0.48%、V:4.76%,其余为Fe,所述颗粒为氮化钒硬质相颗粒,粒径小于1μm,体积分数为4~5%。
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上不锈钢材料配比进行原料配料,采用粉末冶金雾化制粉技术进行冶炼制粉,在制粉过程中冶炼钢水的氧含量控制小于100ppm,对雾化生成的金属粉末进行筛分,选用-325目的合金粉末;
(2)对步骤(1)所得合金粉末在150Mpa的压力下进行冷等静压成型,得到生坯;
(3)在可控分解氨气的气氛中对步骤(2)所得生坯进行活化烧结,烧结温度为1100~1300℃,采用氩气加压至20Mpa,在1300℃下保温保压1.5小时,得到烧结坯;
(4)对步骤(3)所得烧结坯进行去应力固溶处理,在800℃下保温2小时,得到组织均匀的不锈钢坯料;
(5)根据使用要求加工成最终产品。
实施例3
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料,按重量百分比计组成为:N:2.06%、Cr:15.45%、Ni:10.91%、Mo:2.27%、Si:0.55%、Mn:0.27%、V:9.09%,其余为Fe,所述颗粒为氮化钒硬质相颗粒,粒径小于1μm,体积分数为8~12%。
一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上不锈钢材料配比进行原料配料,采用粉末冶金雾化制粉技术进行冶炼制粉,在制粉过程中冶炼钢水的氧含量小于100ppm,对雾化生成的金属粉末进行筛分,选用-250目的合金粉末;
(2)对步骤(1)所得合金粉末在200Mpa的压力下进行冷等静压成型,得到生坯;
(3)在可控分解氨气的气氛中对步骤(2)所得生坯进行活化烧结,烧结温度为1100~1310℃,采用氩气加压至20Mpa,在1310℃下保温保压1小时,得到烧结坯;
(4)对步骤(3)所得烧结坯进行去应力固溶处理,在800℃下保温2.5小时,得到组织均匀的不锈钢坯料;
(5)根据使用要求加工成最终产品。
对实施例1~3所得奥氏体不锈钢材料进行室温力学性能检测,参数见表1。
表1各实例的室温力学性能
对实施例1~3所得奥氏体不锈钢材料进行SEM分析结果如附图1。
根据SEM照片显示,其中黑色相为氮化钒硬质相,粒度小于1μm,分布均匀。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料,其特征在于:所述奥氏体不锈钢材料按重量百分比计组成为:N:2.06~4.5%、Cr:15.45~20%、Ni:10.91~12%、Mo:2.27~3%、Si:0.55~1.2%、Mn:0.27~1.8%、V:9.09~20%,其余为Fe,所述颗粒为氮化钒硬质相颗粒,粒径小于1μm,体积分数为8~40%,均匀分布于奥氏体不锈钢基体中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)按照不锈钢制品要求进行原料配料,采用粉末冶金雾化制粉技术进行冶炼制粉,得到成分可控的合金粉末,并对雾化合金粉末进行筛分、合批,得到满足不锈钢制品要求的合金粉末;
(2)对步骤(1)所得合金粉末进行常规压制成型或等静压成型,得到生坯;
(3)在可控分解氨气的气氛中对步骤(2)所得生坯进行活化烧结,并在烧结高温区采用氩气加压烧结使其致密化,在最高温度时保温保压1~6小时,得到烧结坯;
(4)对步骤(3)所得烧结坯进行去应力固溶处理,在700~1000℃下保温2~10小时,得到组织均匀的不锈钢坯料;
(5)加工成最终产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)粉末冶金雾化制粉过程中冶炼钢水的氧含量小于100ppm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的合金粉末的粒度为10~100μm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中合金粉末常规压制成型的压力为400~800MPa,等静压压制成型的压力为100~200MPa。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中的氩气加压的压力为10~50MPa。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种颗粒增强奥氏体不锈钢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中烧结高温区的温度为1100~1350℃。
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