CN108127129B - Feed-forward waveguide processing device with large length-diameter ratio and working method thereof - Google Patents
Feed-forward waveguide processing device with large length-diameter ratio and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108127129B CN108127129B CN201810142951.0A CN201810142951A CN108127129B CN 108127129 B CN108127129 B CN 108127129B CN 201810142951 A CN201810142951 A CN 201810142951A CN 108127129 B CN108127129 B CN 108127129B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/36—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes
- B23B5/46—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes for turning helical or spiral surfaces
- B23B5/48—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes for turning helical or spiral surfaces for cutting grooves, e.g. oil grooves of helicoidal shape
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Abstract
A processing device and a processing method of a feed-forward waveguide with a large length-diameter ratio. Relates to a processing device and a working method of a feed-forward waveguide with large length-diameter ratio, belonging to the technical field of precision machining. The processing device and the working method of the feed-forward waveguide with large length-diameter ratio can be suitable for processing sine wave tooth-shaped surfaces, the types of the processed waveguide are multiple, and the application range is wide. Comprises a guide rail, a precession mechanism, a cutter component and at least two groups of clamp components; the guide rail is fixed on the frame and is arranged along the length direction of the frame, a precession mechanism is arranged at the head end of the guide rail and slides on the guide rail, a workbench is further fixed on the frame, and the workbench is arranged at one side, far away from the head end of the guide rail, of the frame. The invention has wide application range and improves the processing precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing device and a working method of a feed-forward waveguide with a large length-diameter ratio, belonging to the technical field of precision machining.
Background
The radar and subway control signal transmission generally adopts a waveguide tube as a transmission medium, and the main principle is that a mechanical wave is transmitted through reflection of the inner wall of the waveguide tube, and in the transmission process, a corrugated straight waveguide is generally adopted as a main transmission component in order to be capable of transmitting signals in a low-consumption, high-efficiency and stable manner. The required corrugated waveguide is a circular tubular part with a tooth-shaped structure on the inner hole surface, so that the transmission purity is high, the tip discharge is effectively avoided, the inner hole surface of the waveguide is designed into a plurality of circular ring structures, and the requirements on the internal tooth size precision, the position and the surface roughness are very high. In addition, in order to improve the installation collimation of the transmission line, effectively reduce the larger loss caused by the butt joint installation deviation of the waveguide tube, and avoid the occurrence of the sparking phenomenon, the longer the corrugated waveguide tube is required to be, the better the corrugated waveguide tube is.
The waveguide tube is mostly manufactured by adopting high-quality aluminum alloy materials through stress-relief heat treatment, and the waveguide tube is generally processed by adopting a common numerical control turning method, wherein a process system of the waveguide tube comprises a numerical control lathe, a fixture and a cutter, and the common numerical control turning method has the characteristics of easiness in quality control and high processing efficiency. However, when the boring cutter bar is used for processing the waveguide tube with the large length-diameter ratio, only a cantilever beam structure can be adopted, on one hand, due to the action of cutting force, the cutter bar is deformed and vibrated to cause the out-of-tolerance of tooth shape and position, and the surface roughness value is increased; on the other hand, the cutting force is larger, so that the deformation of a process system is larger, and the combined action of unstable system deformation and vibration causes further increase of the surface roughness value and reduction of the durability of the cutter. Therefore, the existing processing technology is difficult to meet the technical requirements of the tooth form precision, uniformity and smoothness of the inner wall of the corrugated waveguide tube with the length-diameter ratio of 1 meter required by a high-power electron cyclotron system. The process system aims to solve the problems of poor rigidity, low tool durability and large surface roughness value of the existing turning process system: by modifying a common numerical control machine tool, designing and manufacturing a special fixture and a boring cutter bar, the machining requirement of a workpiece with a large length-diameter ratio of a long part is met, and the rigidity of a process system is improved; by adopting the ultrasonic vibration cutting technology, the turning force is reduced, the durability of the cutter is improved, and the roughness value is reduced.
Aiming at the problem, the national intellectual property agency 2017-7-7 discloses an invention patent (CN 106925792A, a processing technology and a processing device of a tooth-shaped surface of an inner hole of a waveguide tube with a large length-diameter ratio) and discloses that the processing device comprises four parts of 1 standard horizontal numerically controlled lathe, 2 automatic centering clamps, 1 double-support boring cutter bar and 1 set of ultrasonic vibration cutting device; the processing technology is divided into five steps; wherein the dual support of the workpiece increases the rigidity of the workpiece; the double support of the cutter bar increases the rigidity of the cutter bar; the cutter is added with ultrasonic vibration, so that the cutting force is reduced, and the durability of the cutter is improved; the high-pressure cooling liquid directly acts on the tool nose to improve the cooling effect, and the cutting chips are broken and taken away to reduce the scratch of the cutting chips on the processed surface; the processing system and the processing technology solve the problem that the existing processing system cannot process the continuous sine wave tooth surface of the waveguide tube inner hole with large length-diameter ratio, the shape and position error is smaller than 0.04mm, and the surface roughness is smaller than Rz4. However, when in use, the device is found to be practical, and can only process sine wave tooth-shaped surfaces on the pipe wall, and cannot adapt to the processing of a feedforward waveguide (a plurality of equidistant circular tooth surfaces exist on the pipe wall). Therefore, the device can only process one type of waveguide tube, and has a narrow application range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a feed-forward waveguide processing device with large length-diameter ratio and a working method, which can adapt to processing of sine wave tooth-shaped surfaces, has multiple processing waveguide models and wide application range.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the processing device of the feed-forward waveguide with large length-diameter ratio is arranged on the frame and controlled by the controller, and comprises a guide rail, a precession mechanism, a cutter assembly and at least two groups of clamp assemblies;
The guide rail is fixed on the frame and is arranged along the length direction of the frame, the head end of the guide rail is provided with a precession mechanism, the precession mechanism slides on the guide rail, a workbench is also fixed on the frame, and the workbench is arranged on one side of the frame far away from the head end of the guide rail;
the tail end of the guide rail is provided with a guide sleeve, a hollow cutter bar is sleeved in the guide sleeve, the head end of the cutter bar is fixed on the precession mechanism, and the cutter assembly is arranged at the tail end of the cutter bar;
The clamp assemblies are respectively and detachably arranged at the head end and the tail end of the workbench, at least two groups of clamp frames are arranged on the workbench, each clamp assembly is arranged on one clamp frame and rotates in the clamp frame, one clamp frame is fixedly provided with a motor, and the motor drives one clamp assembly to rotate;
the axis of the clamp assembly and the axis of the guide sleeve are flush with the axis of the cutter bar.
The precession mechanism comprises a sliding block, a first stepping motor and a screw rod, wherein the sliding block slides on the guide rail, an accommodating groove is formed in the middle of the guide rail along the length direction, and the screw rod is arranged in the accommodating groove and driven to rotate by the stepping motor;
the screw rod is sleeved with a screw rod sleeve, the screw rod sleeve is fixedly connected with the sliding block, the screw rod sleeve reciprocates along the screw rod, and the head end of the cutter bar is fixed on the sliding block.
The cutter assembly comprises a base arranged at the end head of the cutter bar, a plurality of cutter grooves are symmetrically formed in the base, a cutter head is placed in each cutter groove, a telescopic driving mechanism is arranged in each cutter groove, and the radial driving mechanism drives the cutter head to stretch and retract under the control of a stepping motor II.
The radial driving mechanism comprises a first driving rod arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the first driving rod is connected with the second stepping motor through gear meshing, a ball head is arranged at the other end of the first driving rod and fixedly connected with the other end of the driving rod, and the outer edge of the ball head is in contact with the cutter head.
The radial driving mechanism comprises a driving rod II arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the driving rod II is connected with the stepping motor II through gear meshing, a cam is arranged at the other end of the driving rod II, and the outer edge of the cam is in contact with the cutter head.
The radial driving mechanism comprises a driving rod III arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the driving rod III is connected with the stepping motor II through gear engagement, an eccentric wheel is arranged at the other end of the driving rod III, the center of the eccentric wheel is arranged at the other end of the driving rod II, a transmission rod is arranged at the eccentric of the eccentric wheel, one end of the transmission rod is hinged to the eccentric center, and the other end of the transmission rod is hinged to the cutter head.
The clamp assembly comprises a driving clamp and at least one driven clamp, the driving clamp comprises a sleeve I, the sleeve I is arranged on a clamp frame I and rotates around an axle center, a motor is arranged on the bracket, and the motor drives the sleeve I to rotate through a belt;
The driven clamp comprises a sleeve II, the sleeve II is arranged on the clamp frame II, and the sleeve I rotates around the axis;
The novel clamping device is characterized in that a plurality of clamping block grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner walls of the first sleeve and the second sleeve, adjusting holes are formed in the bottoms of the clamping block grooves, each adjusting hole is a threaded through hole, adjusting bolts are arranged in each adjusting hole, clamping blocks are arranged in the clamping block grooves, guide grooves are formed in the parts, in contact with the side walls of the clamping block grooves, of the clamping blocks, and guide blocks are correspondingly arranged on the side walls of the clamping block grooves.
The second clamp frame is detachably arranged on the workbench, a plurality of adjusting grooves are formed in the workbench along the length direction of the workbench, adjusting blocks are arranged in the adjusting grooves and slide in the adjusting grooves, bolts are fixed on the adjusting blocks, and extend out of the adjusting grooves;
The part of the second clamp frame, which is in contact with the workbench, is provided with an outward flanging, the flanging is provided with a bolt hole corresponding to the bolt, and the second clamp frame is fixed on the workbench through the bolt.
The cutter bar is close to one end of the cutter head and is provided with an oil guide groove, the controller is one of a programmable logic controller, a singlechip or an industrial computer, and the outer diameter of the cutter bar is equal to the inner diameter of the feedforward waveguide tube.
The working method of the feed-forward waveguide processing device with the large length-diameter ratio comprises the following steps:
1) Feeding material
1.1 The aluminum pipe is clamped on the workbench through the clamp assembly,
1.2 The position of the clamping block is adjusted through the bolt, so that the aluminum pipe is ensured to be horizontal;
2) Processing
2.1 A motor drives the driving clamp to rotate so as to drive the aluminum pipe and the driven clamp to coaxially rotate,
2.2 A fixed angle is rotated by the stepping motor to drive the screw rod to rotate forward, the sliding block on the screw rod advances, the sliding block drives the cutter bar to advance, the cutter bar enters the feed-forward waveguide tube,
2.3 A step motor II drives the cutter head to extend out for cutting,
2.4 A step motor II drives the cutter head to reset, the first cutting is completed,
2.5 Repeating steps 2.2) to 2.4) until the whole feed-forward waveguide is processed;
3) Retracting knife
3.1 A step motor II drives the cutter head to reset and then stops running,
3.2 The first step motor continuously runs to drive the screw rod to reversely rotate, and the tool retracting is completed;
4) Material returning
4.1 The motor stops rotating, the adjusting bolt is loosened,
4.2 Taking out the clamping block, extracting the feedforward waveguide tube, and finishing.
When the feed-forward waveguide processing tool is used, the clamp assembly rotates under the drive of the motor, so that a workpiece (an unprocessed feed-forward waveguide tube, namely an aluminum tube or an alloy tube) is driven to rotate, the cutter bar drives the cutter assembly to axially slide, and the cutter bar does not rotate, so that the problem of poor processing precision caused by large cutter deformation when the feed-forward waveguide tube with a large length-diameter ratio is processed in the prior art is avoided. The cutter bar and the cutter assembly do not rotate during machining, so that the problem that the eccentricity of the cutter is high during rotation due to overlong cutter bar in the prior art does not exist, machining precision is high during machining of the feed-forward waveguide with large length-diameter ratio, and the cutter assembly can do telescopic motion along the radial direction of the cutter bar, so that the feed-forward waveguide (with a circular tooth surface) can be machined during machining, and waveguides of other types (for example, with a sine wave tooth surface) can be machined. When the feed-forward waveguide tube is processed, the cutter assembly needs to repeatedly complete the whole set of feeding and retracting actions, and when the waveguide tube with the tooth-shaped surface in a sine wave shape is processed, the cutter assembly only needs to be always kept in contact with the inner wall of the waveguide tube (namely, the cutter assembly is always in a cutting state and does not retract) until the whole waveguide tube is processed. Radial feeding and retracting actions of the cutter bar are realized through the cutter assembly, waveguides of different types can be processed in actual use, and the application range is wide. The expansion and contraction of the cutter head can be controlled by the controller, so that a waveguide tube with a circular tooth surface can be processed in the processing process, a tooth surface with a sine wave shape or other tooth surfaces can be processed, various types of waveguide tubes can be processed, and the application range is wide. The motor drives the main driving clamp to rotate, the waveguide tube in the using state is used as the transmission assembly to drive the driven clamp to rotate, the clamp assembly is in a rotating state in the machining process, namely the waveguide tube is in a rotating state, the cutter is not required to rotate, and even if the length of the waveguide tube to be machined is long, the cutter at the tail end of the cutter bar cannot be reduced in precision due to overhigh eccentricity. The cutter bar is always in the waveguide tube in the processing process, and is used for driving the cutter head to horizontally precess on the one hand, and on the other hand, because the outer diameter of the cutter bar is the same with the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, the cutter bar can play an additional supporting role on the waveguide tube in the processing process, so that the waveguide tube can be kept horizontal in the processing process, the trace deformation of the waveguide tube in the clamping process caused by overlong of the waveguide tube is prevented, and the processing precision is improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention,
Figure 2 is a left side view of figure 1,
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the end of the cutter bar in the present invention,
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of figure 3,
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of B-B in figure 3,
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of figure 3 at C-C,
Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of figure 5 at D,
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end of the cutter bar in the present invention,
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of E-E of figure 8,
Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of figure 9 at F,
Figure 11 is a view of the state of use reference of the present invention,
Figure 12 is a schematic view of the wave guide tube structure in the present invention,
FIG. 13 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 12 at G;
in the figure, 1 is a guide rail, 11 is a workbench, 12 is a guide sleeve, 13 is a cutter bar, 131 is a guide groove, 2 is a cutter assembly, 21 is a base, 211 is a cutter groove, 212 is a cutter head, 31 is a fixture frame, 301 is a driving fixture, 302 is a driven fixture, 41 is a sliding block, 42 is a stepping motor I, 51 is a driving rod I, 52 is a ball head, 53 is a driving rod II, 54 is a cam, 6 is a waveguide, and 7 is a tooth surface.
Detailed Description
The invention is as shown in figures 1-13, a large length-diameter ratio feedforward waveguide tube processing device is arranged on a frame and controlled by a controller, and comprises a guide rail 1, a precession mechanism, a cutter component 2 and at least two groups of clamp components;
The guide rail 1 is fixed on the frame and is arranged along the length direction of the frame, the head end of the guide rail is provided with a precession mechanism, the precession mechanism slides on the guide rail, the frame is also fixed with a workbench 11, and the workbench 11 is arranged on one side of the frame far away from the head end of the guide rail;
The tail end of the guide rail is provided with a guide sleeve 12, a hollow cutter bar 13 is sleeved in the guide sleeve, the head end of the cutter bar is fixed on the precession mechanism, and the cutter assembly is arranged at the tail end of the cutter bar 13;
the clamp assemblies are respectively and detachably arranged at the head end and the tail end of the workbench 11, at least two groups of clamp frames 31 are arranged on the workbench 11, each clamp assembly is arranged on one clamp frame and rotates in the clamp frame, and a motor 32 is fixedly arranged on one clamp frame and drives one clamp assembly to rotate;
The axis of the clamp assembly and the axis of the guide sleeve are flush with the axis of the cutter bar. During the use, the anchor clamps subassembly is rotatory under the drive of motor to drive work piece (unprocessed feedforward waveguide, aluminum pipe or alloy pipe) rotatory, cutter arbor drive cutter subassembly is along axial slip, and the cutter arbor is rotatory, thereby the cutter deflection that appears when avoiding processing big draw-in ratio feedforward waveguide among the prior art is big leads to the poor problem of machining precision. The cutter bar and the cutter assembly do not rotate during machining, so that the problem that the eccentricity of the cutter is high during rotation due to overlong cutter bar in the prior art does not exist, machining precision is high during machining of the feed-forward waveguide with large length-diameter ratio, and the cutter assembly can do telescopic motion along the radial direction of the cutter bar, so that the feed-forward waveguide (with a circular tooth surface) can be machined during machining, and waveguides of other types (for example, with a sine wave tooth surface) can be machined. When the feed-forward waveguide tube is processed, the cutter assembly needs to repeatedly complete the whole set of feeding and retracting actions, and when the waveguide tube with the tooth-shaped surface in a sine wave shape is processed, the cutter assembly only needs to be always kept in contact with the inner wall of the waveguide tube (namely, the cutter assembly is always in a cutting state and does not retract) until the whole waveguide tube is processed. Radial feeding and retracting actions of the cutter bar are realized through the cutter assembly, waveguides of different types can be processed in actual use, and the application range is wide.
The precession mechanism comprises a sliding block 41, a first stepping motor 42 and a screw rod, wherein the sliding block 41 slides on the guide rail 1, an accommodating groove is formed in the middle of the guide rail along the length direction, and the screw rod is arranged in the accommodating groove and is driven to rotate by the first stepping motor 42;
The screw rod is sleeved with a screw rod sleeve, the screw rod sleeve is fixedly connected with the sliding block 41, the screw rod sleeve reciprocates along the screw rod, and the head end of the cutter rod is fixed on the sliding block 41. The stepping motor controlled by the controller in the precession mechanism drives the screw rod to rotate, so that the sliding block moves along the axial direction of the screw rod, and the cutter bar is propelled to precess, namely, the cutter bar stretches into the inner wall of the waveguide tube to process when in processing, and only carries out axial advancing movement and does not carry out rotating movement under the driving of the stepping motor, thereby avoiding the problem of large rotating eccentricity of the cutter head in the prior art during processing in the processing process and ensuring the processing precision. And the diameter of the cutter rod is the same as the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, so that the cutter rod can play a supporting role in processing the waveguide tube with a large length-diameter ratio, the bending phenomenon of the waveguide tube due to longer length in processing is prevented, and the processing precision is ensured to be high.
The cutter assembly 2 comprises a base 21 arranged at the end head of the cutter bar 13, a plurality of cutter grooves 211 (at least one group of cutter grooves) are symmetrically formed in the base 21, a cutter head 212 is placed in each cutter groove, a telescopic driving mechanism is arranged in each cutter groove, and the radial driving mechanism drives the cutter head to stretch and retract under the control of a stepping motor II. In the machining process, the cutter head stretches along the diameter direction of the cutter rod to finish machining of the cutting depth in the cutting process, and the controller controls the stretching amount of the cutter body to control the cutting depth.
The radial driving mechanism comprises a first driving rod 51 arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the first driving rod 51 is connected with a second stepping motor through gear meshing, the other end of the first driving rod 51 is provided with a ball head 52, the ball head is fixedly connected with the other end of the driving rod, and the outer edge of the ball head is in contact with the cutter head. When the cutting depth needs to be controlled, the controller gives a control signal, the stepping motor II rotates a certain angle, at the moment, the driving rod I axially advances a certain distance (the advanced distance is the same as the cutting depth) to drive the ball head of the end head of the driving rod to move forward so as to press the tool bit to extend, and when the tool bit needs to be retracted, the stepping motor rotates in the opposite direction to reset the ball head so as to drive the tool bit to reset. And finishing one-time cutting.
The radial driving mechanism comprises a second driving rod 53 arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the second driving rod 53 is connected with the second stepping motor through gear meshing, the other end of the second driving rod is provided with a cam 54, and the outer edge of the cam is in contact with the cutter head. The driving rod II is rotated by utilizing gear engagement transmission, so that a cam fixed on the driving rod II rotates, the cutter head is ejected, and the driving rod II is continuously driven to rotate when the cutter head needs to be retracted, so that the edge (non-convex part) of the cam is retracted, and the cutter head is retracted.
The radial driving mechanism comprises a driving rod III arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the driving rod III is connected with the stepping motor II through gear engagement, an eccentric wheel is arranged at the other end of the driving rod II, the center of the eccentric wheel is arranged at the other end of the driving rod II, a transmission rod is arranged at the eccentric of the eccentric wheel, one end of the transmission rod is hinged to the eccentric center, and the other end of the transmission rod is hinged to the cutter head. The driving rod is utilized to drive the eccentric wheel to rotate, so that the eccentric wheel eccentrically rotates, the driving rod is driven to lift, and the cutter head is driven to stretch out and draw back.
The expansion and contraction of the cutter head can be controlled by the controller, so that a waveguide tube with a circular tooth surface can be processed in the processing process, a tooth surface with a sine wave shape or other tooth surfaces can be processed, various types of waveguide tubes can be processed, and the application range is wide.
The clamp assembly comprises a driving clamp 301 and at least one driven clamp 302, wherein the driving clamp and the driven clamp are respectively arranged on different clamp frames 31, the driving clamp comprises a sleeve I, the sleeve I is arranged on the clamp frame I and rotates around an axle center, a motor is arranged on the clamp frame I, and the motor drives the sleeve I to rotate through a belt; the driven clamp comprises a sleeve II, the sleeve II is arranged on the clamp frame II, and the sleeve I rotates around the axis; the novel clamping device is characterized in that a plurality of clamping block grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner walls of the first sleeve and the second sleeve, adjusting holes are formed in the bottoms of the clamping block grooves, each adjusting hole is a threaded through hole, adjusting bolts are arranged in each adjusting hole, clamping blocks are arranged in the clamping block grooves, guide grooves are formed in the parts, in contact with the side walls of the clamping block grooves, of the clamping blocks, and guide blocks are correspondingly arranged on the side walls of the clamping block grooves. The motor drives the main driving clamp to rotate, the waveguide tube in the using state is used as the transmission assembly to drive the driven clamp to rotate, the clamp assembly is in a rotating state in the machining process, namely the waveguide tube is in a rotating state, the cutter is not required to rotate, and even if the length of the waveguide tube to be machined is long, the cutter at the tail end of the cutter bar cannot be reduced in precision due to overhigh eccentricity. The cutter bar is always in the waveguide tube in the processing process, and is used for driving the cutter head to horizontally precess on the one hand, and on the other hand, because the outer diameter of the cutter bar is the same with the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, the cutter bar can play an additional supporting role on the waveguide tube in the processing process, so that the waveguide tube can be kept horizontal in the processing process, the trace deformation of the waveguide tube in the clamping process caused by overlong of the waveguide tube is prevented, and the processing precision is improved.
The second clamp frame is detachably arranged on the workbench, a plurality of adjusting grooves are formed in the workbench along the length direction of the workbench, adjusting blocks are arranged in the adjusting grooves and slide in the adjusting grooves, bolts are fixed on the adjusting blocks, and extend out of the adjusting grooves;
The part of the second clamp frame, which is in contact with the workbench, is provided with an outward flanging, the flanging is provided with a bolt hole corresponding to the bolt, and the second clamp frame is fixed on the workbench through the bolt. The driven clamp can adjust the position on the workbench, so that the distance between the driving clamp and the driven clamp can be adjusted, and the device can adapt to waveguides with different lengths. The nut is sleeved on the bolt and screwed up when the fixed driven clamp is fixed, the upper end face of the rain adjusting groove is attached to the adjusting block under the action of the bolt and generates larger friction force, so that the fixed driven clamp is prevented from sliding along the adjusting groove; when the position of the driven clamp needs to be adjusted, the nut is loosened, so that the adjusting block falls to the bottom of the adjusting groove due to self gravity, the position can be adjusted, the nut is screwed again after the adjustment is completed, the position of the driven clamp is fixed, and the adjustment is completed.
The one end that is close to the tool bit of cutter arbor is equipped with leads the oil groove, the controller is one of programmable logic controller, singlechip or industrial computer, the external diameter of cutter arbor equals with the internal diameter of feedforward waveguide. The cutter bar is always in the waveguide tube in the processing process, and is used for driving the cutter head to horizontally precess on the one hand, and on the other hand, because the outer diameter of the cutter bar is the same with the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, the cutter bar can play an additional supporting role on the waveguide tube in the processing process, so that the waveguide tube can be kept horizontal in the processing process, the trace deformation of the waveguide tube in the clamping process caused by overlong of the waveguide tube is prevented, and the processing precision is improved.
In the processing process, the cutting fluid is needed to lubricate the cutter head, so that the effects of reducing the temperature of the cutter head and flushing cutting waste are achieved. And redundant cutting fluid is discharged along the oil guide groove in the processing process, and simultaneously, the lubrication effect is achieved on the contact part of the guide sleeve and the cutter bar.
The working method of the feed-forward waveguide processing device with the large length-diameter ratio comprises the following steps:
1) Feeding material
1.1 The aluminum pipe is clamped on the workbench through the clamp assembly,
1.2 The position of the clamping block is adjusted through the bolt, so that the aluminum pipe is ensured to be horizontal; the position of the waveguide tube is finely adjusted through the adjusting block, so that the center of the waveguide tube and the center of the cutter bar are positioned on the same central line, machining accuracy in machining is guaranteed, if the length of the waveguide tube is too long, a driven clamp can be added on the workbench, one waveguide tube is clamped by a plurality of clamps, and micro deformation caused by the gravity of the waveguide tube in the clamping process is effectively avoided.
2) Processing
2.1 The motor drives the driving clamp to rotate so as to drive the aluminum pipe and the driven clamp to coaxially rotate, and a plurality of groups of driven clamps are used for clamping the same waveguide tube, so that the eccentricity of the long straight waveguide tube during rotation is effectively reduced, and the machining precision is improved.
2.2 The step motor rotates by a fixed angle to drive the screw rod to rotate positively, the screw rod drives the slide block to move forward, the slide block drives the cutter rod to move forward, the cutter rod enters the feed-forward waveguide tube, the diameter of the cutter rod is the same as the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, the supporting effect is achieved during processing, and the cutter rod only moves linearly under the pushing of the slide block during processing, so that the eccentric phenomenon of the cutter head during cutting can be avoided, and the processing precision is improved. When the cutter head is used for cutting, only the waveguide tube rotates, the cutter head does not rotate, and the situation that the rotation eccentricity of the cutter head is large due to overlong cutter bars does not exist, so that the cutter head can be processed with higher precision, and the processing precision is improved.
2.3 Step motor II drives the tool bit and stretches out, cuts, and step motor II drives the tool bit and stretches out when needs cut to can cut, the tool bit only radially stretches out and draws back along the cutter arbor when cutting, does not rotate, consequently the tool bit can not produce big decentration, thereby has led to machining precision height.
2.4 The second step motor drives the cutter head to reset, the first cutting is completed, the cutter head is reset after the first cutting is completed, the first step motor is controlled again to act at the moment, the cutter head moves forward, and the cutting is repeated until the whole waveguide tube is processed.
2.5 Repeating steps 2.2) to 2.4) until the whole feed-forward waveguide is processed;
3) Retracting knife
3.1 Step motor II drives the tool bit to reset and then stops running, step motor II drives the head to reset after the whole machining process is finished, step motor II stops after reset, the tool bit is locked, and the tool bit is prevented from misoperation in the tool withdrawal process to scratch the inner wall of the machined waveguide tube.
3.2 The first step motor continuously runs to drive the screw rod to reversely rotate, and the tool retracting is completed; the stepping motor rotates reversely, the cutter bar drives the cutter head to withdraw, cutting fluid still needs to be sprayed when the cutter bar withdraws, on one hand, a lubricating effect is achieved, the cutter bar is prevented from rubbing against the inner wall of the waveguide tube when the cutter is withdrawn, the waveguide tube is damaged, on the other hand, the machining surface (namely the inner wall of the waveguide tube) is washed by the cutting fluid, waste materials remained in the inner wall of the waveguide tube are washed out, waste material residues are reduced, and the working strength of a subsequent cleaning procedure is reduced. The waveguide tube still rotates in the tool withdrawal process, so that friction between the tool bar and the inner wall of the waveguide tube during tool withdrawal is reduced, the tool withdrawal is smoother, and the machining surface is protected.
4) Material returning
4.1 The motor stops rotating, the adjusting bolt is loosened, and the adjusting block can be pulled out after the adjusting bolt is loosened, so that the gap between the clamp and the waveguide tube is enlarged, and the waveguide tube is convenient to take out.
4.2 Taking out the clamping block, extracting the feedforward waveguide tube, and finishing.
Claims (8)
1. The processing device of the feed-forward waveguide with large length-diameter ratio is arranged on the frame and controlled by the controller, and comprises a guide rail, a precession mechanism, a cutter assembly and at least two groups of clamp assemblies;
The guide rail is fixed on the frame and is arranged along the length direction of the frame, the head end of the guide rail is provided with a precession mechanism, the precession mechanism slides on the guide rail, a workbench is also fixed on the frame, and the workbench is arranged on one side of the frame far away from the head end of the guide rail;
the tail end of the guide rail is provided with a guide sleeve, a hollow cutter bar is sleeved in the guide sleeve, the head end of the cutter bar is fixed on the precession mechanism, and the cutter assembly is arranged at the tail end of the cutter bar;
The clamp assemblies are respectively and detachably arranged at the head end and the tail end of the workbench, at least two groups of clamp frames are arranged on the workbench, each clamp assembly is arranged on one clamp frame and rotates in the clamp frame, one clamp frame is fixedly provided with a motor, and the motor drives one clamp assembly to rotate;
the axis of the clamp assembly and the axis of the guide sleeve are flush with the axis of the cutter bar; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
The precession mechanism comprises a sliding block, a first stepping motor and a screw rod, wherein the sliding block slides on the guide rail, a containing groove is formed in the middle of the guide rail along the length direction, and the screw rod is arranged in the containing groove and driven to rotate by the stepping motor;
The screw rod is sleeved with a screw rod sleeve, the screw rod sleeve is fixedly connected with the sliding block, the screw rod sleeve reciprocates along the screw rod, and the head end of the cutter bar is fixed on the sliding block; the cutter bar only moves axially under the drive of the stepping motor and does not rotate, the diameter of the cutter bar is the same as the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, the cutter bar plays a supporting role in processing the waveguide tube with large length-diameter ratio, and the bending of the waveguide tube due to long length is prevented;
The cutter assembly comprises a base arranged at the end head of the cutter bar, a plurality of cutter grooves are symmetrically formed in the base, cutter heads are placed in the cutter grooves, a radial driving mechanism for driving the cutter heads to stretch out and draw back is arranged in the cutter grooves, and the radial driving mechanism is controlled by a stepping motor II to drive the cutter heads to stretch out and draw back.
2. The processing device of a large length-diameter ratio feed-forward waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the radial driving mechanism comprises a first driving rod arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the first driving rod is connected with the second stepping motor through gear meshing, the other end of the first driving rod is provided with a ball head, the ball head is fixedly connected to the other end of the driving rod, and the outer edge of the ball head is in contact with the cutter head.
3. The processing device of a large length-diameter ratio feed-forward waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the radial driving mechanism comprises a second driving rod arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the second driving rod is connected with the second stepping motor through gear meshing, a cam is arranged at the other end of the second driving rod, and the outer edge of the cam is in contact with the cutter head.
4. The processing device of the feed-forward waveguide with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein the radial driving mechanism comprises a driving rod III arranged in the cutter bar, one end of the driving rod III is connected with the stepping motor II through gear meshing, the other end of the driving rod III is provided with an eccentric wheel, the center of the eccentric wheel is arranged at the other end of the driving rod III, the eccentric wheel is eccentrically provided with a transmission rod, one end of the transmission rod is hinged to the eccentric center, and the other end of the transmission rod is hinged to the cutter head.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clamp assembly comprises a driving clamp and at least one driven clamp, the driving clamp comprises a first sleeve, the first sleeve is arranged on a first clamp frame and rotates around an axle center, a motor is arranged on the bracket, and the motor drives the first sleeve to rotate through a belt;
The driven clamp comprises a sleeve II, the sleeve II is arranged on the clamp frame II, and the sleeve I rotates around the axis;
The novel clamping device is characterized in that a plurality of clamping block grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner walls of the first sleeve and the second sleeve, adjusting holes are formed in the bottoms of the clamping block grooves, each adjusting hole is a threaded through hole, adjusting bolts are arranged in each adjusting hole, clamping blocks are arranged in the clamping block grooves, guide grooves are formed in the parts, in contact with the side walls of the clamping block grooves, of the clamping blocks, and guide blocks are correspondingly arranged on the side walls of the clamping block grooves.
6. The processing device of the feed-forward waveguide with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 5, wherein the second clamp frame is detachably arranged on the workbench, a plurality of adjusting grooves are formed in the workbench along the length direction of the workbench, adjusting blocks are arranged in the adjusting grooves and slide in the adjusting grooves, and bolts are fixed on the adjusting blocks and extend out of the adjusting grooves;
The part of the second clamp frame, which is in contact with the workbench, is provided with an outward flanging, the flanging is provided with a bolt hole corresponding to the bolt, and the second clamp frame is fixed on the workbench through the bolt.
7. The processing device of the feed-forward waveguide with the large length-diameter ratio according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an oil guide groove is formed in one end, close to a cutter head, of the cutter bar, the controller is one of a programmable logic controller, a single chip microcomputer or an industrial computer, and the outer diameter of the cutter bar is equal to the inner diameter of the feed-forward waveguide.
8. A method of operating a large aspect ratio feed forward waveguide processing apparatus as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Feeding material
1.1 The aluminum pipe is clamped on the workbench through the clamp assembly,
1.2 The position of the clamping block is adjusted through the bolt, so that the aluminum pipe is ensured to be horizontal;
2) Processing
2.1 A motor drives the driving clamp to rotate so as to drive the aluminum pipe and the driven clamp to coaxially rotate,
2.2 A fixed angle is rotated by the stepping motor to drive the screw rod to rotate forward, the sliding block on the screw rod advances, the sliding block drives the cutter bar to advance, the cutter bar enters the feed-forward waveguide tube,
2.3 A step motor II drives the cutter head to extend out for cutting,
2.4 A step motor II drives the cutter head to reset, the first cutting is completed,
2.5 Repeating steps 2.2) to 2.4) until the whole feed-forward waveguide is processed;
3) Retracting knife
3.1 A step motor II drives the cutter head to reset and then stops running,
3.2 The first step motor continuously runs to drive the screw rod to reversely rotate, and the tool retracting is completed;
4) Material returning
4.1 The motor stops rotating, the adjusting bolt is loosened,
4.2 Taking out the clamping block, extracting the feedforward waveguide tube, and finishing.
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| CN119057123B (en) * | 2024-10-31 | 2025-08-12 | 常州凯瑞莱精密工具有限公司 | Waveguide rectangular inner hole planing tool and waveguide rectangular inner hole planing processing equipment |
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