CN108242348B - Electromagnet - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an electromagnet, which comprises an upper iron core (10), a lower iron core (20) and an electromagnetic coil (30), wherein the upper iron core (10) comprises an upper cross beam (11) and an upper vertical arm (12), the lower iron core (20) comprises a lower cross beam (21), a first lower vertical arm (22) and a second lower vertical arm (23), the upper vertical arm (12) is positioned between the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23), the electromagnetic coil (30) is sleeved outside the upper vertical arm (12), when the electromagnet is in a suction state, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm (12) and the lower cross beam (21), and the upper cross beam (11) is connected with the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23). The electromagnet can reduce the magnetic resistance of the iron core in the open state and reduce the starting magnetic potential, and solves the problems of small attraction force of the electromagnet in the open state and large impact force in the closing process. Meanwhile, the purposes of increasing the utilization rate of the internal space of the iron core and saving cost are achieved.

Description

Electromagnet

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of piezoelectric devices, in particular to an electromagnet.

Background

At present, the operating principle of an electromagnet commonly used in the electrical appliance industry is that after a coil is electrified, coil current can generate a magnetic field and electromagnetic attraction, so that a lower iron core attracts an upper iron core and drives a contact to act, a normally closed contact is opened, and a normally open contact is closed, and the two are linked. When the coil is powered off, the electromagnetic attraction force disappears, the upper iron core is released under the action of the release spring, the contact is restored, the normally open contact is opened, and the normally closed contact is closed.

The traditional E-shaped structure iron core (shown in fig. 10) is characterized in that the upper iron core vertical arms are arranged at the upper part of the coil, and in the beginning of the electrifying of the coil, large leakage magnetic flux is generated, so that the magnetic field utilization rate is reduced. The suction force (commonly called surface force) generated by main magnetic flux between the end faces of the upper iron core and the lower iron core is mainly used. The leakage magnetic flux cannot be effectively utilized to generate electromagnetic attraction force, so that the total electromagnetic attraction force is smaller.

The conventional solenoid electromagnet can be inserted into the electromagnetic coil by using the vertical leg of the upper iron core (as shown in fig. 11), and electromagnetic attraction force (commonly called solenoid force) can be generated by using the effect of leakage magnetic flux at the beginning of the coil energization. However, only one pole face is provided, and the suction force (commonly called surface force) generated by the main magnetic flux between the end faces of the upper iron core and the lower iron core is small, so that the total electromagnetic suction force is small.

The two structures cause that the iron core needs more starting magnetic potential from the open state to excite larger electromagnetic force so as to complete the reliable closing action of the iron core. However, the off state does not require excessive power maintenance to switch the on state. And the electromagnetic force generated by the excessive magnetic potential in the switching process drives the relative speed between the upper iron core and the lower iron core and between the contacts to be increased, so that the impact generated in the closing moment in the case is unfavorable to the low-voltage electric appliances requiring longer electric life such as contactors.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that the electromagnetic attraction force of the existing electromagnet is smaller. The invention provides an electromagnet, which changes the shapes of an existing upper iron core and an existing lower iron core, so as to reduce the magnetic resistance of the iron core in an open state and reduce the starting magnetic potential, and solve the problems of small suction force in the open state and large impact force in the closing process of the electromagnet. Meanwhile, the purposes of increasing the utilization rate of the internal space of the iron core and saving cost are achieved.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides an electro-magnet, including last iron core, lower iron core and solenoid, go up the iron core and contain entablature and go up the perpendicular arm, the upper end and the entablature of going up perpendicular arm are connected, the iron core contains the entablature down, first perpendicular arm and second perpendicular arm down, the lower extreme of perpendicular arm down of first perpendicular arm and the lower extreme of perpendicular arm down all are connected with the entablature down, the entablature is located the top of entablature down, it is located between perpendicular arm down to go up perpendicular arm and the second, the solenoid is located between perpendicular arm down in first perpendicular arm and the second, go up the iron core and can reciprocate, when this electro-magnet is in the actuation state, there is the clearance between the lower extreme of perpendicular arm down and the entablature is connected with the upper end of perpendicular arm down of first, or the entablature is connected with the upper end of perpendicular arm down of second, or the entablature is connected with the upper end of perpendicular arm down of first perpendicular arm down and second.

The upper cross beam and the lower cross beam are in a horizontal state, the distances from the upper ends of the upper vertical arms to the two ends of the upper cross beam are equal, the first lower vertical arms and the second lower vertical arms are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the upper vertical arms, and when the electromagnet is in a suction state, the upper cross beam is connected with the upper ends of the first lower vertical arms and the upper ends of the second lower vertical arms.

The first lower vertical arm and the second lower vertical arm are mirror images, a groove is arranged in the upper surface of the lower cross beam, when the electromagnet is in a suction state, the lower end of the upper vertical arm is positioned in the groove, and a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm and the lower surface of the groove.

The recess is the logical groove of seting up along the thickness direction of lower iron core, and the lower surface of recess is equipped with the bar arch, and the bellied width of bar is less than the width of recess, and when this electro-magnet was in the actuation state, there was the clearance between the bellied upper surface of upper end and the bar of going up the vertical arm, and the bellied width of bar is 0.9 times to 1.1 times of the vertical arm width.

The width of the electromagnetic coil is larger than that of the groove, the width of the electromagnetic coil is smaller than the distance between the first lower vertical arm and the second lower vertical arm, the electromagnetic coil is located above the groove, and the width of the upper vertical arm is 0.9 times to 1.1 times that of the first lower vertical arm.

The upper end of the first lower vertical arm is provided with a first inner extending structure protruding towards the upper vertical arm, the upper end of the second lower vertical arm is provided with a second inner extending structure protruding towards the upper vertical arm, the first inner extending structure and the second inner extending structure are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the upper vertical arm, and the first inner extending structure and the second inner extending structure are mirror images.

The distance between the first inner extension structure and the second inner extension structure is greater than the width of the electromagnetic coil.

The upper surface of the lower cross beam is internally provided with a groove, when the electromagnet is in a suction state, the lower end of the upper vertical arm is positioned in the groove, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm and the lower surface of the groove, and the distance between the first inner extending structure and the upper vertical arm is larger than or equal to the gap.

The both ends of entablature all are equipped with down the bulge, all are equipped with the short circuit ring in the upper end of first vertical arm and the upper end of second vertical arm down, and the upper end outside of first vertical arm and the upper end of second vertical arm down all are equipped with the bar breach, and when this electro-magnet was in the actuation state, the lower bulge at entablature both ends was connected with the correspondence of the upper end of first vertical arm and the upper end of second vertical arm down.

The upper cross beam, the upper vertical arm and the lower iron core are all made by stacking and riveting steel sheets, the lower surface of the upper vertical arm is provided with a dovetail groove, the opening direction of the dovetail groove is the same as the thickness direction of the upper iron core, the upper end of the upper vertical arm is of an isosceles trapezoid structure, and the upper end of the upper vertical arm is in matched insertion connection with the dovetail groove of the upper vertical arm.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the electromagnet changes the shapes of the existing upper iron core and lower iron core, and improves electromagnetic attraction force in the disconnection state by reducing magnetic loop reluctance in the disconnection state of the iron core. In addition, the structure can effectively reduce the starting magnetic potential, and meanwhile, the arrangement of the upper vertical arm of the upper iron core, which is equivalent to the widths of the first lower vertical arm and the second lower vertical arm, can limit the magnetic flux in the electromagnetic loop when the magnet is close to be closed, and effectively limit the overlarge electromagnetic attraction, and the two factors can reduce the relative movement speed of the upper iron core and the lower iron core in the attraction process, so that the adverse impact of collision generated in the closing moment is reduced; the structure can reduce the use of copper materials under the condition of obtaining the same magnetic potential by reasonably setting the width of the upper vertical arm. In addition, the assembly mode is multiple, the assembly mode is selected according to actual conditions, and the assembly efficiency is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 1 without a solenoid coil.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the vertical installation of the electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the horizontal installation of the electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 2.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 3.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 4.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to the present invention in example 5.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to the present invention in embodiment 6.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a conventional double-E-core electromagnet.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a conventional solenoid core electromagnet.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the upper core of the electromagnet of the present invention in an exploded state.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the upper core of the electromagnet according to the present invention in a combined state.

10. An upper iron core; 20. a lower iron core; 30. an electromagnetic coil;

11. An upper cross beam; 12. an upper vertical arm; 13. a lower protruding portion;

21. a lower cross beam; 22. a first lower vertical arm; 23. a second lower vertical arm; 24. a first inner extension structure; 25. a second inner extension structure; 26. a groove; 27. a bar-shaped protrusion; 28. a shorting ring.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.

The electromagnet comprises an upper iron core 10, a lower iron core 20 and an electromagnetic coil 30, wherein the upper iron core 10 comprises an upper cross beam 11 and an upper vertical arm 12, the upper end of the upper vertical arm 12 is connected with the upper cross beam 11, the lower iron core 20 comprises a lower cross beam 21, a first lower vertical arm 22 and a second lower vertical arm 23, the lower end of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the lower end of the second lower vertical arm 23 are both connected with the lower cross beam 21, the upper cross beam 11 is positioned above the lower cross beam 21, the upper vertical arm 12 is positioned between the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23, the electromagnetic coil 30 is sleeved outside the upper vertical arm 12, the electromagnetic coil 30 is positioned between the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23, the upper iron core 10 can move up and down along the vertical direction, when the electromagnet is in a suction state, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 and the lower cross beam 21, the upper cross beam 11 is connected with the upper end of the first lower vertical arm 22, or the upper cross beam 11 is connected with the upper end of the second lower vertical arm 23, or the upper cross beam 11 is connected with the upper end of the second vertical arm 23, or the upper end of the upper cross beam 11 is connected with the upper end of the first lower vertical arm 23 and the upper end 23.

The lower iron core 20 and the electromagnetic coil 30 are relatively motionless, and when the electromagnetic coil 30 is energized, the upper iron core 10 moves downward under the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic coil 30, so that the upper iron core 10 contacts with the lower iron core 20, and the electromagnet is in a suction state. When the electromagnetic coil 30 is de-energized, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 30 is removed, the upper core 10 loses the magnetic force and moves upward to reset, so that the upper core 10 is separated from the lower core 20, and the electromagnet is in an off state.

Example 1

The embodiment is further refinement of the electromagnet. The electromagnet in this embodiment not only includes the technical features described above, but also includes the following technical features:

In this embodiment, the upper beam 11 and the lower beam 21 are all in a horizontal state, the upper vertical arm 12, the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23 are all in an upright state, the distances from the upper end of the upper vertical arm 12 to the two ends of the upper beam 11 are equal, the lower end of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the lower end of the second lower vertical arm 23 are correspondingly connected with the two ends of the lower beam 21, the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the upper vertical arm 12, and when the electromagnet is in a suction state, the upper beam 11 is connected with the upper end of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the upper end of the second lower vertical arm 23, as shown in fig. 1.

In this embodiment, the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23 are mirror images, a groove 26 is provided in the upper surface of the lower beam 21, the groove 26 is a through groove formed along the thickness direction of the lower core 20, when the electromagnet is in the attraction state, the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 is located in the groove 26, and a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 and the lower surface of the groove 26.

In this embodiment, a bar-shaped protrusion 27 may be further disposed in the lower surface of the groove 26, the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 corresponds to the bar-shaped protrusion 27, and the width of the bar-shaped protrusion 27 is smaller than the width of the groove 26, so that a small groove is formed on each of the left and right sides of the bar-shaped protrusion 27, and when the electromagnet is in the attraction state, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 and the upper surface of the bar-shaped protrusion 27, as shown in fig. 1,2, 3 and 4.

In this embodiment, the width of the electromagnetic coil 30 is greater than the width of the groove 26, the width of the electromagnetic coil 30 is less than the distance between the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23, and the electromagnetic coil 30 is located above the groove 26, as shown in fig. 2. The width of the upper vertical arm 12, the width of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the width of the second lower vertical arm 23 are identical, and are all 11mm. The depth of the groove 26 is 4mm, and the height of the bar-shaped protrusion 27 is 1mm to 2mm. The gap may be 0.1mm.

In the installation mode, the electromagnet can be vertically installed (shown in figure 3) or horizontally installed (shown in figure 4), and the assembly mode is selected according to actual conditions, so that the assembly modes are multiple, and the assembly efficiency is improved. Compared with the traditional solenoid electromagnet side-mounted electromagnetic coil, the solenoid electromagnet side-mounted electromagnetic coil effectively utilizes the internal space of the magnet, has a more compact structure and effectively improves the assembly efficiency.

For ease of understanding and description, the present invention is described in terms of absolute positional relationship, in which the azimuth term "up" means the upper direction of fig. 2, "down" means the lower direction of fig. 2, "left" means the left direction of fig. 2, "right" means the right direction of fig. 2, the width is the dimension in the left-right direction of fig. 2, the height and depth are both the dimension in the up-down direction of fig. 2, and the thickness is the dimension perpendicular to the plane direction of fig. 2. The present invention is described using the perspective of the reader reading the present invention, but the above directional terms are not to be interpreted or construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the two ends of the upper beam 11 are respectively provided with a lower protruding portion 13, the upper ends of the first lower vertical arms 22 and the upper ends of the second lower vertical arms 23 are respectively provided with a short circuit ring 28, the outer sides of the upper ends of the first lower vertical arms 22 and the upper ends of the second lower vertical arms 23 are respectively provided with a strip-shaped notch, and when the electromagnet is in a suction state, the lower protruding portions 13 at the two ends of the upper beam 11 are connected with the upper ends of the first lower vertical arms 22 and the upper ends of the two second lower vertical arms 23 in a one-to-one correspondence. The shorting ring 28 is conventional and the present invention will not be described in detail.

Example 2

This example is a modification of example 1.

In this embodiment, the upper end of the first lower vertical arm 22 is provided with a first inner extending structure 24 protruding toward the upper vertical arm 12, the upper end of the second lower vertical arm 23 is provided with a second inner extending structure 25 protruding toward the upper vertical arm 12, the first inner extending structure 24 and the second inner extending structure 25 are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the upper vertical arm 12, and the first inner extending structure 24 and the second inner extending structure 25 are mirror images of each other, as shown in fig. 5.

In the present embodiment, the first and second inner extension structures 24 and 25 are equidistant from the upper vertical arm 12, and the distance between the first inner extension structure 24 and the upper vertical arm 12 is always not smaller than the distance between the upper vertical arm 12 and the groove 26 at the upper surface of the bar-shaped protrusion 27. I.e. the distance between the first inner extension 24 and the upper riser 12 is greater than or equal to the gap.

In this embodiment, the first inner extension structure 24 is cubic, or the first inner extension structure 24 may be isosceles trapezoid, semi-cylinder, or other shapes, and the thickness of the first inner extension structure 24 may be equal to that of the first lower vertical arm 22, and the distance between the first inner extension structure 24 and the second inner extension structure 25 is greater than the width of the electromagnetic coil 30.

In this embodiment, the width of the bar-shaped protrusion 27 may be 0.9 to 1.1 times the width of the upper vertical arm 12. The width of the upper vertical arm 12 may be 0.9 times to 1.1 times the width of the first lower vertical arm 22. The other technical features in this embodiment may be the same as those in embodiment 1, and the present invention will not be described in detail for the sake of economy.

Example 3

This example is a modification of example 2.

In the present embodiment, the width of the upper arm 12 is increased 1.4 times as large as that of the upper arm 12 in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 6. In addition, the upper surface of the upper cross member 11 does not include the groove 26, but the upper surface of the upper cross member 11 includes the bar-shaped protrusion 27, and the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 corresponds to the bar-shaped protrusion 27. When the electromagnet is in the attracted state, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 and the strip-shaped protrusion 27 of the lower cross beam 21. The other technical features in this embodiment may be the same as those in embodiment 2, and the present invention will not be described in detail for the sake of economy.

Example 4

This example is a modification of example 2.

In this embodiment, the electromagnet does not include the recess 26, the first inner extension 24 and the second inner extension 25. But the upper surface of the upper cross member 11 has a bar-shaped protrusion 27, and the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 corresponds to the bar-shaped protrusion 27, as shown in fig. 7. When the electromagnet is in the attracted state, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm 12 and the strip-shaped protrusion 27 of the lower cross beam 21.

The other technical features in this embodiment may be the same as those in embodiment 2, and the present invention will not be described in detail for the sake of economy.

Example 5

This example is a modification of example 2.

In this embodiment, the depth of the groove 26 is 1/3 of the height of the first lower vertical arm 22 (the second lower vertical arm 23), as shown in fig. 8.

The other technical features in this embodiment may be the same as those in embodiment 2, and the present invention will not be described in detail for the sake of economy.

Example 6

This example is a modification of example 2.

In this embodiment, the height of the upper arm 12 is made small so that a gap of 3mm exists between the lower end of the upper arm 12 and the upper surface of the bar-shaped protrusion 27 in the groove 26, as shown in fig. 9.

The other technical features in this embodiment may be the same as those in embodiment 2, and the present invention will not be described in detail for the sake of economy.

As the above 6 embodiments may alternatively adopt a technical solution, the depth of the groove 26 may be selected to be 1 mm-10 mm, or the depth of the groove 26 may be not more than 1/4 of the height of the first lower vertical arm 22 (the second lower vertical arm 23). The gap between the upper upstanding arm 12 and the upper surface of the recess 26 is from 0.1mm to 1mm. Or the gap between the upper vertical arm 12 and the upper surface of the bar-shaped protrusion 27 is 0.1mm to 1mm.

In addition, the upper beam 11, the upper vertical arm 12 and the lower iron core 20 may be made by stacking and riveting steel sheets, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the lower surface of the upper vertical arm 12 is provided with a dovetail groove, the opening direction of the dovetail groove is the same as the thickness direction of the upper iron core 10, the upper end of the upper vertical arm 12 is in an isosceles trapezoid structure, and the upper end of the upper vertical arm 12 is fixedly inserted and connected with the dovetail groove of the upper vertical arm 12 in a matching manner.

The operation of the electromagnet according to the invention is described below.

When the electromagnet is in the off state, the upper vertical arm 12 penetrates into the electromagnetic coil 30, and electromagnetic attraction force (commonly called solenoid force) is generated by the action of leakage magnetic flux. The upper parts of the first and second lower vertical arms 22 and 23 are respectively provided with first and second inner extension structures 24 and 25 protruding inward, and the first and second inner extension structures 24 and 25 reduce the distance between the first and second lower vertical arms 22 and 23 and the upper vertical arm 12, thereby reducing the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit formed by the upper and first and second lower vertical arms 22 and 23. With the addition of the grooves 26, excellent magnetic flux distribution is achieved, magnetic circuit reluctance between the upper vertical arm 12 and the lower beam 21 is reduced, and adverse effects of magnetic leakage are reduced (the groove structure also reduces the distance between the upper vertical arm 12 and the lower beam 21 of the magnetic circuit, so that magnetic resistance is reduced, and magnetic leakage is reduced). Therefore, the effect of the leakage magnetic flux can be fully utilized, namely, the smaller starting magnetic potential energy can generate enough electromagnetic attraction force. The speed of movement during the closing of the core is not too fast due to the fact that a smaller starting magnetic potential can be used in the open state. Thereby reducing the adverse effect of the closing instant collision on the electrical life of the contactor and other electrical appliances.

The width of the upper vertical arm 12 corresponds to the width of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23 or the width of the upper vertical arm 12 is 0.9 times to 1.1 times the width of the first lower vertical arm 22. According to the structural design, the upper vertical arm 12 can limit the magnetic flux in the electromagnetic loop when the magnet is close to be closed, so that the electromagnetic attraction force is effectively limited to be too large in the attraction state process or under the overvoltage condition, and the energy of the instant collision of the upper iron core and the lower iron core can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the structure can set the inner diameter of the electromagnetic coil smaller. The same magnetic potential can be obtained by adjusting the diameter and the number of turns of the enameled wire, so that the copper consumption of the electromagnetic coil can be reduced.

When the electromagnet is in a suction state, on one hand, suction force (commonly called surface force) generated by main magnetic flux between the end faces of the upper iron core 10 and the lower iron core 20 is generated; on the other hand, the upper vertical arm 12 of the upper iron core 10 is inserted into the groove 26 arranged at the bottom of the lower iron core 20, and the first inner extending structure 24 and the second inner extending structure 25 are respectively arranged on the upper parts of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23 on two sides of the lower iron core, so that the magnetic flux (main magnetic flux) passes through the cross section surrounded by the short circuit ring 28 more vertically or nearly vertically, the magnetic resistance in the closed magnetic circuit is reduced, the effect simulation verification of the leakage magnetic flux is utilized to the greatest extent, and the holding force of the attraction state can be effectively increased. When the depth of the groove 26 is greater than 1/4 of the height of the first lower vertical arm 22 (or the second lower vertical arm 23), it will affect the magnetic flux to pass vertically through the cross section surrounded by the shorting ring, resulting in a reduction of electromagnetic attraction force

The upper vertical arm 12 of the upper iron core 10 and the bottom of the groove 36 are provided with a gap of 0.1 mm-1 mm. This structure can ensure that when the coil is deenergized, after the electromagnetic attraction force disappears, the upper iron core is ensured to be normally released, and the upper iron core 10 is prevented from being adsorbed to the lower iron core 20 (according to the past experience, the surface finish of the iron core is higher, no gap is easy to adsorb together, and the gap is set to reduce the adsorption force during release). When the gap between the upper vertical arm 12 of the upper core 10 and the bottom of the recess 26 is greater than 1mm, the reluctance will be significantly increased here, and the electromagnetic attraction in the core holding state will be significantly reduced.

In the present invention, the electromagnetic coil 30 of the electromagnet is disposed inside the lower core 20 while being sleeved outside the upper vertical arm 12 of the upper core 10. The first and second inner extension structures 24 and 25 are always spaced from the upper vertical arm 12 by a distance not less than the distance between the upper vertical arm 12 of the upper core 10 and the bottom of the recess 26 of the lower core 20. This structure allows the electromagnetic coil 30 to be mounted vertically from top to bottom to the end face of the lower core, while avoiding interference from being mounted vertically to the side of the vertical arm of the lower core. Namely, the coils are installed in two directions, so that the assembly modes are diversified, and the assembly modes are selected according to actual conditions, thereby improving the assembly efficiency. Compared with the traditional solenoid electromagnet side-mounted electromagnetic coil, the solenoid electromagnet side-mounted electromagnetic coil effectively utilizes the internal space of the magnet, has a more compact structure and effectively improves the assembly efficiency.

The electromagnet according to the present invention is provided with a circuit applied to both ends of the electromagnetic coil 30 for controlling the up-down movement of the iron core 10 of the electromagnet. The upper iron core 10 is connected to the moving contact, and the moving contact is driven to move up and down by the upper iron core 10. The upper iron core 10 can be manufactured by adopting a split riveting structure, namely, the upper vertical arm 12 can be fixed on the upper cross beam 11 in a riveting mode, and the blanking waste rate can be reduced by improving the arrangement mode of blanking process, so that the aim of saving the manufacturing cost of the iron core is fulfilled.

The performance of the electromagnet according to the invention will be described experimentally.

The comparative electromagnets included the electromagnets described in examples 1 to 6, and also included the double E-core electromagnet (shown in fig. 10) and the solenoid core electromagnet (shown in fig. 11). The total volume of the double-E-shaped iron core shown in fig. 10 and the width dimensions of the vertical arms on the two sides of the upper and lower iron cores are 11mm in accordance with those in the embodiment 1, and the width of the middle vertical arm is 1.4 times that in the embodiment 1. The total volume of the coil core shown in fig. 11 and the width dimension of the vertical arm of the lower core are 11mm in accordance with example 1. The width of the upper core vertical arm is 1.4 times that of the first embodiment.

And respectively carrying out electromagnetic suction simulation analysis on the different embodiments, the double E-shaped iron core and the solenoid type iron core, and comparing suction conditions under different working air gaps.

The appearance volume of the setting comparison scheme is the same: length x width x height: 64 mm. Times.20 mm. Times.50 mm.

Table 1, comparative simulation data of the above examples 1-6, double E-core and solenoid electromagnet

From the simulation analysis results in table 1, it can be seen that:

When the electromagnet is in an off state (the gaps are 9, 10 and 11 mm), the suction peak value is compared: example 3. Apprxeq. Example 2 > example 1 > example 4 > double E-core > solenoid core.

In combination with the structural differences of these several embodiments, the following conclusions were drawn: in embodiment 1, the upper arm 12 is extended into the electromagnetic coil 30, and electromagnetic attraction force (commonly called solenoid force) is also generated by the effect of leakage magnetic flux. The bottom of the lower core is provided with a groove 26 with a depth of 4mm. By adding this recess 26, an excellent flux distribution is obtained, reducing the adverse effect of leakage flux, and reducing the magnetic circuit reluctance between the upper vertical arm 12 and the lower cross member 21. So that the electromagnetic attraction force of the coil in the disconnected state is far greater than that of the double E-shaped iron core and the solenoid-type iron core. While the electromagnetic attraction force is 10% greater than in embodiment 4 in which the lower core bottom is not provided with the recess 26. The upper parts of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23 of the lower core of embodiment 2 are respectively provided with a first inward extension structure 24 and a second inward extension structure 25, which reduce the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit formed by the upper vertical arm 12 and the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23. The electromagnetic attraction force is larger than that of the embodiment 1 in the disconnection state, and the lifting amplitude is about 10%. Meanwhile, the difference between the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 2 is that the width of the upper vertical arm 12 is increased by 1.4 times as much as that of the embodiment 1, and the force value of the disconnection state is hardly different from the simulation result. I.e., the width of the upper vertical arm 12 in the off state, does not function to reduce the reluctance of the electromagnetic circuit. The important structure is that the bottom of the lower core is provided with a recess 26, a first inner extension 24 and a second inner extension 25. Embodiment 2 is a preferred structure of the embodiments to be protected.

When the iron core is in a suction state (the gap is 0.03 mm), the peak value of suction force is compared with that of the iron core: double E-shaped iron core > example 3 ≡ example 1 ≡ example 4 > solenoid iron core.

In combination with the structural differences of these several embodiments, the following conclusions were drawn: the width of the upper vertical arm 12 of the double-E-shaped iron core and the embodiment 3 is 1.4 times that of the embodiments 1, 2 and 4, which causes the peak value of the electromagnetic attraction force in the holding state to be obviously improved by about 20 percent, and the structural design of the upper vertical arm 12 corresponding to the widths of the first lower vertical arm 22 and the second lower vertical arm 23 is verified, so that the magnetic flux in an electromagnetic loop when the magnet is close to be closed can be limited through the structure of the upper vertical arm 12, and the electromagnetic attraction force is effectively limited to be overlarge in the process of the attraction state or under the overvoltage condition. The double E-shaped core and embodiment 3 causes the electromagnetic force generated during the switching process to drive the relative speed between the upper and lower cores and between the contacts to increase, which is disadvantageous for low-voltage appliances requiring longer electrical life such as contactors due to collisions occurring at the closing moment. Although the electromagnetic attraction force of the solenoid type iron core in the attraction state is smaller, the force value is smaller, and the vibration noise phenomenon is easy to occur under the action of the counter force released by the iron core under certain using conditions.

The simulation parameter results of the embodiment 2 and the embodiments 5 and 6 show that the electromagnetic attraction force of the three materials is not greatly different in the iron core disconnection state; however, in the core-engaged state, the electromagnetic attraction force of embodiments 5 and 6 is much smaller than that of embodiment 2, and in this case, the electromagnetic attraction force is reduced when the depth of the groove 26 of embodiment 5 is 1/3 of the height of the first lower vertical arm 22 (the second lower vertical arm 23), that is, when the depth of the groove 26 is greater than 1/4 of the height of the first lower vertical arm 22 (the second lower vertical arm 23), because the magnetic flux vertically passes through the cross section surrounded by the short circuit ring. In embodiment 6, the gap between the upper vertical arm 12 and the bottom of the groove 26 is 3mm, that is, the gap is greater than 1mm, the magnetic resistance of the electromagnetic circuit is significantly increased, and the electromagnetic attraction force of the core in the holding state is significantly reduced.

According to the novel electromagnet, the magnetic loop magnetic resistance in the iron core opening state is reduced, the starting magnetic potential is reduced, the same electromagnetic attraction force can be obtained, and the relative movement speed of the upper iron core and the lower iron core in the attracting process can be reduced, so that the adverse impact of collision generated at the closing moment is reduced; by reasonably setting the width of the upper vertical arm 12, excellent magnetic flux distribution can be obtained in the disconnected state, adverse effects of magnetic leakage are reduced, and excellent electromagnetic attraction force is obtained; in a closed or close-to-attraction state, the magnetic flux is enabled to pass through the cross section surrounded by the short circuit ring vertically or nearly vertically, and excellent electromagnetic holding attraction force is obtained; meanwhile, the assembly modes are multiple, vertical installation and horizontal installation are realized, the assembly modes are selected according to actual conditions, and the assembly efficiency is improved.

The electromagnetic attraction force is smaller than that of the traditional E-type electromagnet in the process of approaching to the attraction state, and the electromagnetic attraction force is enough to meet the closing requirement, so that the energy of instant closing collision of the upper iron core and the lower iron core can be effectively reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

In addition, the differences between example 2 and example 3 are: example 3 the width of the upper vertical arm 12 was increased 1.4 times as much as in example 1. The structure of embodiment 2 can set the inner diameter of the electromagnetic coil 30 smaller. From the simulation results, the electromagnetic attraction force of example 2 and example 3 is not greatly different in the off state, and the inner diameters of the electromagnetic coils of example 2 and example 3 are set according to the different widths of the upper vertical arms 12. The dimension in the inner diameter width direction of the electromagnetic coil of example 2 was reduced by 25% as compared with example 3. The inner diameter of the electromagnetic coil is reduced, so that the length of each turn of copper wire is reduced during winding, and meanwhile, the resistance value of each turn of copper wire is ensured to be unchanged, and the winding can be realized by reducing the wire diameter. Thereby realizing the reduction of copper consumption and simultaneously enabling the electromagnetic coil to acquire the same magnetomotive force.

In contrast to embodiments 1-6 of the present invention, the dual E-shaped core and solenoid electromagnet, the core structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention in fig. 3 and 4 allows the electromagnetic coil to be mounted vertically from top to bottom on the end face of the lower core, while no interference occurs when mounted from the side of the vertical arm perpendicular to the lower core. And the assembly efficiency is improved. Compared with the structure of the double E-shaped iron core in fig. 10, which is only installed from top to bottom perpendicular to the end face of the lower iron core and the electromagnetic coil installed on the side face of the traditional solenoid electromagnet in fig. 11, the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the coil is installed in two directions, the assembly mode is multiple, and the assembly mode is selected according to the actual situation, so that the assembly efficiency can be effectively improved.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 12 and 13, it can be seen that the upper core 10 can be manufactured in a split structure, that is, the upper vertical arm 12 can be fixed with the upper beam 11 by riveting, and the blanking process arrangement mode can be improved, so that the blanking forming waste rate of the core can be reduced, and the purpose of saving the manufacturing cost of the core can be achieved. Taking the dimension of the upper iron core in the embodiment 2 as an example, the utilization rate of the iron core material punched by adopting the split riveting structure is improved by 15 percent compared with that of the iron core punched by adopting the integral structure.

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the substitution of equivalent elements or equivalent variations and modifications within the scope of the invention shall fall within the scope of the patent. In addition, the technical characteristics and technical scheme, technical characteristics and technical scheme can be freely combined for use.

Claims (10)

1. An electromagnet is characterized by comprising an upper iron core (10), a lower iron core (20) and an electromagnetic coil (30), wherein the upper iron core (10) comprises an upper cross beam (11) and an upper vertical arm (12), the upper end of the upper vertical arm (12) is connected with the upper cross beam (11), the lower iron core (20) comprises a lower cross beam (21), a first lower vertical arm (22) and a second lower vertical arm (23), the lower ends of the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23) are connected with the lower cross beam (21), the upper cross beam (11) is positioned above the lower cross beam (21), the upper vertical arm (12) is positioned between the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23), the electromagnetic coil (30) is sleeved outside the upper vertical arm (12), the electromagnetic coil (30) is positioned between the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23), the upper iron core (10) can move up and down, when the electromagnet is in a sucking state, gaps exist between the lower end of the upper vertical arm (12) and the lower end of the second vertical arm (21) and the lower end of the second vertical arm (23) or the upper vertical arm (11) are connected with the upper end of the upper cross beam (11) or the upper end of the upper vertical arm (23), the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23) are mirror images of each other, and the width of the upper vertical arm (12) is 0.9 times to 1.1 times that of the first lower vertical arm (22).

2. The electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the upper beam (11) and the lower beam (21) are both in a horizontal state, the distances from the upper end of the upper vertical arm (12) to the two ends of the upper beam (11) are equal, the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the upper vertical arm (12), and when the electromagnet is in a suction state, the upper beam (11) is connected with the upper end of the first lower vertical arm (22) and the upper end of the second lower vertical arm (23).

3. The electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein a groove (26) is provided in the upper surface of the lower beam (21), and when the electromagnet is in the attracted state, the lower end of the upper vertical arm (12) is positioned in the groove (26), and a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm (12) and the lower surface of the groove (26).

4. An electromagnet according to claim 3, wherein the recess (26) is a through groove formed in the thickness direction of the lower core (20), a bar-shaped protrusion (27) is provided on the lower surface of the recess (26), the width of the bar-shaped protrusion (27) is smaller than the width of the recess (26), when the electromagnet is in the attracted state, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm (12) and the upper surface of the bar-shaped protrusion (27), and the width of the bar-shaped protrusion (27) is 0.9 times to 1.1 times the width of the upper vertical arm (12).

5. An electromagnet according to claim 3, characterized in that the width of the electromagnetic coil (30) is greater than the width of the recess (26), the width of the electromagnetic coil (30) being smaller than the distance between the first lower vertical arm (22) and the second lower vertical arm (23), the electromagnetic coil (30) being located above the recess (26).

6. Electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the first lower vertical arm (22) is provided with a first inner extension structure (24) protruding towards the upper vertical arm (12), the upper end of the second lower vertical arm (23) is provided with a second inner extension structure (25) protruding towards the upper vertical arm (12), the first inner extension structure (24) and the second inner extension structure (25) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the upper vertical arm (12), and the first inner extension structure (24) and the second inner extension structure (25) are mirror images of each other.

7. The electromagnet according to claim 6, wherein the distance between the first inner extension (24) and the second inner extension (25) is greater than the width of the electromagnetic coil (30).

8. The electromagnet according to claim 7, wherein a groove (26) is provided in the upper surface of the lower cross member (21), the lower end of the upper vertical arm (12) is positioned in the groove (26) when the electromagnet is in the attracted state, a gap exists between the lower end of the upper vertical arm (12) and the lower surface of the groove (26), and the distance between the first inner extension structure (24) and the upper vertical arm (12) is greater than or equal to the gap.

9. Electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the two ends of the upper cross beam (11) are provided with lower protruding parts (13), the upper ends of the first lower vertical arms (22) and the upper ends of the second lower vertical arms (23) are provided with short-circuit rings (28), the outer sides of the upper ends of the first lower vertical arms (22) and the upper ends of the second lower vertical arms (23) are provided with strip-shaped notches, and when the electromagnet is in a suction state, the lower protruding parts (13) at the two ends of the upper cross beam (11) are correspondingly connected with the upper ends of the first lower vertical arms (22) and the second lower vertical arms (23).

10. The electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the upper cross beam (11), the upper vertical arm (12) and the lower iron core (20) are all made of steel sheets by lamination and riveting, a dovetail groove is formed in the lower surface of the upper vertical arm (12), the opening direction of the dovetail groove is the same as the thickness direction of the upper iron core (10), the upper end of the upper vertical arm (12) is in an isosceles trapezoid structure, and the upper end of the upper vertical arm (12) is in matched insertion connection with the dovetail groove of the upper vertical arm (12).