CN108330099A - 个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤一,对获取的肝实质细胞进行基因修饰,以抑制P53基因的表达或功能;步骤二,将步骤一中经过基因修饰的肝实质细胞置入肝细胞增殖培养基中进行培养和扩增,获得肝细胞;步骤三,将步骤二获得的肝细胞,置入肝细胞分化培养基中培养获得肝实质细胞。根据上述方法制备得到的肝细胞,克服了以往无法在体外长期培养和扩增肝实质细胞的难题,为肝细胞的应用提供了无限的细胞来源。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及一种个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法。
背景技术
肝脏是动物体内以代谢功能为主的重要生命器官,调控着多种生理功能,主要包括解毒,储存肝糖原,合成分泌性蛋白质以及生成胆汁等。肝脏本身具有强大的再生能力,正常肝脏经三分之二部分肝切除后,残留的成熟肝细胞可快速增殖,并完全取代和恢复缺失肝脏的体积和功能。但是在罹患各种肝脏疾病,包括肝炎,肝硬化,肝癌,肝脏代谢疾病和肝功能衰竭时,肝脏逐渐失去再生能力,从而导致其生理功能不断下降,最终危害人们的健康和生命。
全世界受肝病影响的患者超过5亿,一旦发展为终末期肝病或急性肝衰竭,目前唯一有效的治疗手段是进行肝脏移植。但是由于肝脏供体持续紧缺以及术后免疫系统对异体器官的排斥,移植手术的发展受到了严重的制约。最近基于肝细胞治疗的技术受到了广泛的关注,其中包括肝细胞移植,肝脏组织的体外重建和生物人工肝等,被认为是全器官移植较理想的替代方式。然而,由于成熟肝细胞无法长期体外培养和增殖,该方法仍旧依赖于捐献的供体肝脏,并且不能改变移植后的免疫排斥。此外,体外培养的肝细胞还是非常好的药物肝脏代谢模型以及肝炎病毒研究模型,被广大制药公司和研究机构大量使用。因此如何获得稳定而大量的肝细胞来源,成为目前最迫切的需要。
在过去的数十年中,研究者进行了各种各样的尝试,期望在体外重现肝细胞特有的强大增殖潜能。然而迄今为止,尚无报道可在体外长期培养和增殖各种动物的正常肝实质细胞。为了克服原代肝细胞在体外的生长限制,研究者通过导入SV40病毒蛋白(大T抗原或小T抗原)实现了正常肝细胞的永生化(如Fa2N-4细胞系)。此外一些来自于肿瘤的细胞系被建立起来,并表现出一些成熟肝细胞的形态和功能(如HepaRG细胞系)。虽然这些细胞可在体外无限培养和增殖,但出于安全性的考虑以及肝细胞功能上的异常(包括p450活性的异质性),它们的实际应用受到极大限制,通常仅作为药物代谢和毒性筛查模型,在一些制药公司被少量使用(VallierL.,HepswithPep:DirectReprogrammingintoHumanHepatocytes,CellStemCell,14,March6,2014,267-269)。
近来,利用干细胞或其他细胞来分化获得肝细胞被认为是未来肝细胞的重要来源。可诱导多能干细胞(iPS)和谱系重编程技术的诞生更是使得建立个体化肝细胞,并最终实现个性化医学变得可能。目前已有多个报道可成功地将哺乳动物的胚胎干细胞(ES)和iPS细胞定向分化成具有肝脏功能的细胞。此外,研究者还成功地将体细胞通过谱系重编程直接转分化为肝细胞,并证明这些细胞可在肝脏中增殖及重建肝脏功能。但是,无论由ES细胞,iPS细胞还是谱系重编程分化获得肝细胞,都不可能达到百分之百的效率,残存的干细胞注射入动物体内后可能形成畸胎瘤和腺瘤,因此严重影响了这些细胞的应用。此外,ES细胞取材困难且受到伦理学上的严格限制,而iPS细胞和谱系重编程均涉及多个外源基因导入,其安全性和肝细胞功能与上述永生化的肝细胞相似,因此它们的实际应用也有较大限制。
因此,最理想的肝细胞来源还是原代肝细胞,如果能实现原代肝细胞的长期体外培养和增殖,并保持正常肝细胞遗传学和功能的稳定性,将极大推动人类对肝脏的认识和肝病的诊疗。
肝细胞在各种肝病的移植治疗中,在用于辅助肝功能设备的制备中、在药物毒性筛选和新药研发中以及在肝病和肝炎研究等领域的需求巨大。由于原代肝细胞无法在体外长期培养并很快失去功能,且原代肝细胞的药物代谢能力表现出显著的个体间差异,因此无限量供应有功能的个性化肝细胞将极大促进药物开发以及生物人工肝和肝细胞移植的最终临床应用。
专利CN105296418A公开的技术克服了以往无法在体外培养和扩增肝细胞的难题,实现了个体特异性肝细胞的长期体外培养。该技术通过改变培养条件,诱导原代肝实质细胞在体外扩增并重新分化为有功能的成熟肝实质细胞,但是在该培养条件下培养的肝实质细胞传代培养的代次较低,只有10-15代,肝细胞培养和扩增的效率低下,不能满足大规模的应用需求,培养获得的肝实质细胞在培养数代以后会发生退化,并不能实现无限增。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,实现成熟肝实质细胞在体外的无限增殖。
本发明的另一目的在于提供根据上述方法制备得到的肝细胞。
本发明进一步的目的在于使用上述方法制备得到的肝细胞在个性化肝细胞库的建立、在化合物和药物的毒理学和药理学评价、肝炎病毒的研究和诊疗、肝细胞移植治疗、制备生物人工肝或人源化嵌合鼠的制备等方面的应用。
本发明的第一方面,是提供了一种个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:对获取的肝实质细胞进行基因修饰,以抑制P53基因的表达或功能;
步骤二:将步骤一中经过基因修饰的肝实质细胞置入肝细胞增殖培养基中进行培养和扩增,获得肝细胞;
步骤三:将步骤二获得的肝细胞,置入肝细胞分化培养基中培养获得成熟肝细胞。。
进一步地,对步骤一中所述的肝实质细胞进行基因修饰的方法选自基因导入、基因编辑或RNA干扰中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述基因导入使用的基因选自抑制P53表达或功能的基因,所述抑制P53表达或功能的基因选自SV40病毒大T抗原基因、HPV病毒E6E7基因或泛素连接酶基因;所述泛素连接酶基因选自Mdm2、Hdm2、COP1、Pirh2或ARF-BP1基因中的至少一种,所述的基因编辑选自CRISPR/Cas9、TALEN或ZFN方法中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述基因导入的方法选自病毒载体介导的基因表达或非病毒载体介导的基因表达。
进一步地,所述的病毒载体选自慢病毒载体、逆转录病毒载体或腺相关病毒载体中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的非病毒载体选自真核表达载体或转座子表达载体中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的肝实质细胞为哺乳动物肝实质细胞,所述哺乳动物肝实质细胞选自小鼠肝实质细胞、大鼠肝实质细胞、恒河猴肝实质细胞、猩猩肝实质细胞或人肝实质细胞中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述经过基因修饰的肝实质细胞是附着在培养支持物上,再加入肝细胞增殖培养基进行培养和增殖的,所述培养支持物采用胶原蛋白或细胞外基质蛋白预包被;所述细胞外基质蛋白优选自Matrigel基质胶。所述的培养支持物是指培养皿或培养板。
进一步地,所述的肝细胞增殖培养基包括基础培养基,所述的基础培养基选自MEM、DMEM、BME、DMEM/F12、RPMI1640、William E、Neurobasal或Fischers培养基中的至少一种;
优选地,所述的肝细胞增殖培养基还包括营养成份,所述营养成份包括血清、血清替代物、生长因子、Wnt信号通路的激动剂、Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂、ALK5激酶抑制剂中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的血清替代物选自KnockOutTM血清替代物、胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合补充液、N2营养添加物、B27营养添加物中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的生长因子选自表皮生长因子、人成纤维细胞生长因子-2、肝细胞生长因子、血小板细胞生长因子或胰岛素生长因子中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的Wnt通路激动剂选自CHIRP98014、TWS119、CHIRP99021、Wnt3a或R-Rspondin中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂选自thiazovivin、Y-27632或Blebbistatin中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的ALK5激酶抑制剂选自SB431542、A83-01、RepSox中的至少一种。
优选地,所述营养成份包括1-100ng/ml人肝细胞生长因子,0.1-10μM Wnt信号通路激动剂CHIR99021,0.1-100μM Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂Y-27632、体积百分含量0.1-10%的胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合补充液的基础细胞培养基或0.1-100μM ALK5激酶抑制剂A83-01。其中,人肝细胞生长因子的含量优选为20ng/ml;Wnt信号通路激动剂CHIR99021的含量优选为3μM,Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂Y-27632的含量优选为10μM,ALK5激酶抑制剂A83-01的含量优选为1M,胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合补充液的含量优选为1%。
进一步地,所述的肝细胞分化培养基由基础培养基和添加物组成,所述基础细胞培养基选自MEM、DMEM、BME、DMEM/F12、RPMI1640、William E、Neurobasal或Fischers培养基中的至少一种;所述的添加物包括血清替代物、肝细胞生长因子、地塞米松、人抑瘤素-M或ALK5激酶抑制剂中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的血清替代物选自KnockOutTM血清替代物、胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合补充液、N2营养添加物、B27营养添加物中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述的基础培养基为WilliamsE或DMEM/F12培养基;所述的添加物包括5%-10%体积百分比的血清或血清替代物、1-100ng/ml的人肝细胞生长因子、0.01-100μM的地塞米松、1-100μM的人抑瘤素-M、1-100μM ALK5激酶抑制剂SB431542。其中,血清替代物优选为5%体积百分比的胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合补充液;所述人肝细胞生长因子的含量优选为20ng/ml;所述地塞米松的含量优选为1-10μM;所述人抑瘤素-M的含量优选为10-50μM;所述ALK5激酶抑制剂SB431542的含量优选为10μM。
上述肝细胞增殖培养基和肝细胞分化培养基的pH均可为培养哺乳动物细胞的常规pH,如pH7.2-7.6。
进一步地,所述步骤二还包括:对培养和增殖7-10天后的所述肝细胞进行传代培养和扩增。所述肝实质细胞贴壁后,细胞形态在3-5天发生改变,细胞拉长并可出现多个向外伸展的凸起,细胞核体积变大;5-7天细胞出现典型的上皮细胞形态并开始快速增殖,细胞倍增时间为16-20小时;7-10天细胞可传代并持续增殖,细胞可在体外连续传代30次以上。
进一步地,所述肝细胞传代培养和传代过程包括:吸去培养基后按50μl/cm2加入细胞消化液,消化5-10分钟,使所述肝细胞完全从培养支持物上成团脱落,加入含血清培养基重悬并离心,离心条件为在150G下离心5分钟,所述肝细胞传代比例为1:2-1:4。
所述的肝细胞可反复冻存和复苏,冻存和复苏方法同与普通细胞相同。
所述肝实质细胞购自Invitrogen公司,也可通过文献方法自行制备(MaurelP.,Hepatocytes-MethodsandProtocols,METHODSINMOLECULARBIOLOGY,ISSN1064-3745)。
进一步的,本发明包括步骤三获得的肝细胞的标志物鉴定。
基因表达:成熟肝细胞特征性转录因子如HNF4α,HNF6,Prox1;功能性基因如白蛋白(ALB),α抗胰蛋白酶(AAT),葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6P);药物代谢I相酶如CYP1A2,CYP2C9,CYP3A4;药物代谢II相酶如MGST1和UGT1A1;药物代谢III相转运子如NTCP,MRP2和OATP1B3。
蛋白表达:流式细胞术检测白蛋白(ALB),唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)。免疫荧光检测白蛋白(ALB),α抗胰蛋白酶(AAT),钙粘蛋白E(E-cadherin),HNF4α等。
蛋白分泌:酶联免疫吸附试验检测分泌到细胞培养上清中白蛋白的水平。
生物功能:过碘酸雪夫(PAS)染色检测糖原贮积;BODIPY染色检测脂质合成;尿素生成采用试剂盒检测。
解毒活性:P450-GloTM荧光素酶法检测CYP3A4,CYP1A2,CYP2C9的酶活性水平。
进一步地,本发明提供了所述的肝细胞在建立个性化肝细胞库中的应用。
进一步地,本发明提供了所述的肝细胞在化合物和药物的毒理学和药理学评价中的应用。
进一步地,本发明提供了所述的肝细胞在制备诊断或治疗肝炎病毒药物中的应用。
进一步地,本发明提供了所述的肝细胞在制备生物人工肝材料中的应用。
进一步地,本发明提供了所述的肝细胞在肝细胞移殖中的应用。
进一步地,本发明提供了所述的肝细胞在人源化嵌合鼠的制备中的应用。
术语:
如本文所用,除非另外说明,所述的“肝实质细胞”是指来自哺乳动物如人肝组织新鲜分离或冻存的肝脏实质细胞。
如本文所用,所述的“哺乳动物”是脊索动物门(Chordata)脊椎动物亚门(Vertebrata)哺乳纲(Mammalia)的动物。本发明所述的哺乳动物包括人,也包括非人哺乳动物。所述的非人哺乳动物例如是小鼠、大鼠、兔、狗、兔、猿猴、猪、牛、羊、马等等。不管是非人哺乳动物还是人,在基因组的组成、个体的发育、代谢方式、器官解剖、疾病发病机制等方面都非常接近。在进化过程中,一些关键的细胞功能或者调控通路在不同的物种之间是非常保守的。比如细胞增殖、凋亡的信号通路在哺乳动物中基本一致。细胞的衰老途径也是一个非常保守的调控机制。在本发明的一些实施方式中,以鼠作为模式生物,和人类相比,它无论在基因组的组成、个体的发育、代谢方式、器官解剖、疾病发病机制等都和人类非常接近;因此,本发明列举的一些适用于人的情况可以毫无疑义地适用于非人哺乳动物。
如本文所用,所述的“细胞外基质蛋白”是指多细胞结构的胞外基底膜蛋白,主要发挥结构支持和功能调节的作用,包括但不仅限于Collagen,Fibronectin,Vitronectin,Vimentin,Gelatin,Matrigel(BD),Geltrix(Invitrogeninc),StemAdhere(StemcellTechnology)等。以Matrigel为例来说明,Matrigel是由BD公司从富含胞外基质蛋白混合物的EHS小鼠肿瘤中分离出BDMatrigel基底膜基质,其主要成分由层粘连蛋白,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白,巢蛋白,硫酸肝素糖蛋白等组成,还包含生长因子和基质金属蛋白酶等。BDMatrigel基底膜基质在室温条件下,聚合形成具有生物学活性的三维基质,模拟体内许多组织包括肝脏的细胞基底膜的结构、组成、物理特性和功能,有利于体外肝细胞的培养和分化,以及对细胞形态和生化功能的维持。
如本文所用,所述的“成熟肝细胞特性”包括但不仅限于一种或多种下列指标:1、表达一种或多种肝细胞标志物,包括葡萄糖6磷酸酶(G6PD)、白蛋白(Albumin)、α-抗胰蛋白酶(α-1-antitrypsin,AAT)、细胞角蛋白8(CK8)、细胞角蛋白18(CK18)、脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体(asialoglycoproteinreceptor,ASGR)、乙醇脱氢酶1(alcoholdehydrogenase1)、精氨酸酶I型(arginaseTypeI)、细胞色素氧化酶p4503A4(CYP3A4)、肝特异性有机阴离子转运蛋白(LST-1)或其中的组合;2、肝脏特异性酶活性,如G6PD和CYP3A4;胆汁或尿素的副产物;解毒功能等;3、肝细胞特征性的形态;4、细胞在免疫缺陷动物的肝脏中增殖,并重建肝脏功能。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明公开了一种个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,所述方法包括对肝实质细胞进行基因修饰,以抑制P53基因的表达,根据上述方法制备得到的肝细胞,通过体外连续传代30次以上鉴定证明其具有无限增殖能力。
进一步地,经过基因修饰后的肝实质细胞使用本发明公开的肝细胞增殖培养基和肝细胞分化培养基进行培养和扩增,提高了肝细胞增殖分化效率,延长了肝细胞分化寿命,实现了肝细胞的无限增殖,克服了以往难以在体外大量培养和增殖肝实质细胞的难题,为肝细胞的应用提供了无限的细胞来源。
进一步地,所述的肝细胞可反复冻存和复苏,为细胞的存储、转运和使用提供了便利。
进一步地,不同个体肝细胞具有较大的异质性,通过本发明的方法可建立由不同个体肝细胞组成的肝细胞库,为药物筛选和毒性检测提供更全面群体样本,也为肝细胞的个性化治疗建立了基础。
通过以上方法培养得到的肝实质细胞分泌的白蛋白水平接近人原代成体肝实质细胞分泌白蛋白的水平,进一步地,所述细胞还具有选自合成尿素、储存糖原、产生细胞色素P450酶,进行一相、二相代谢,三相转运中的一项或多项功能。
附图说明
图1为原代肝细胞培养和扩增过程中的形态,其中A为培养24小时,B为培养6天,C为培养2周;
图2为分化成熟过程中的肝细胞形态,其中A为原代肝细胞对照,B为肝细胞分化培养5天,箭头所示为双核肝细胞;
图3为RT-PCR(逆转录PCR)检测经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞和新鲜分离的原代肝实质细胞一相、二相代谢和三相转运基因的表达,RT表示逆转录;
图4为免疫荧光检测经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞白蛋白(A)和E-钙粘蛋白(B)的表达;
图5为流式细胞检测经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞白蛋白(A),CYP3A4(B)和α抗胰蛋白酶(C)的表达;
图6为BODIPY染色检测经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞和新鲜分离的原代肝实质细胞中的脂滴水平;其中A为原代肝细胞对照,B为肝细胞分化培养5天;
图7为PAS糖原染色检测经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞中的糖原储存水平;
图8为LDL-DyLight-549摄入试验检测经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞对低密度脂蛋白的摄取能力,其中A为明场下肝细胞形态,B为对应细胞摄入LDL-DyLight-549后的荧光照片;
图9为典型药物对上述细胞细胞色素P450酶CYP3A4和CYP1A2基因表达水平的的诱导,其中A为地塞米松,B为奥美拉唑;
图10为酮康唑对上述细胞细胞色素P450酶CYP3A4的抑制作用;
图11为ELISA检测经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞和新鲜分离的原代肝实质细胞白蛋白的分泌水平;
图12为检测上述细胞移植两周后的小鼠血清中人白蛋白含量;
图13为采用实施例2方法培养和分化的肝细胞形态;其中A为增殖形态的肝细胞,B为分化形态的肝细胞。
具体实施例
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则所有的百分比和份数按重量计。
下述实施例中如无特殊说明所用方法均为常规方法,所用试剂均可从商业途径获得。其中,肝细胞基础培养基DMEM/F12(美国Invitrogen公司,11320-033),William'sE(美国Invitrogen公司,A12176-01),人肝细胞生长因子(HGF,美国Humanzyme公司,HZ-1083),人抑瘤素-M(OncostatinM,美国Peprotech公司,300-10),地塞米松(Dexamethasone,美国Sigma-Aldrich公司,D8893),CHIR-99021(美国Selleck公司,S1263),Y-27632(美国Selleck公司,S1459),A83-01(MCE公司,HY-10432),CollagenI(美国Invitrogen公司,A1048301),Matrigel基质胶(美国BD公司,356234)。
实施例1:
一、人原代肝细胞的长期培养和扩增
1.细胞培养板的预包被。
CollagenI具体包被方法如下:整个包被过程均在冰上操作,以24孔板包被为例将胶原蛋白产品(5mg/ml)溶液置于冰上备用;取15ml的离心管置于冰上,加入预冷的基础培养基,如:DMEM10ml;取100ul的胶原蛋白产品(5mg/ml)加入到上述10ml的DMEM中,混匀;此溶液配制浓度为0.05mg/ml;将上述制备好的胶原溶液加到对应的孔板中,24孔板每孔加300μL;将培养板置于超净台上,轻柔晃动,使胶原溶液覆盖整个孔的底面静置。将孔板放于培养箱中,放置过夜;取出培养板,去除上清,每孔加500μL基础培养基清洗两次,开盖自然晾干(或过夜干燥)。封口膜包装好,4℃保存。使用时,取出已经包被好的培养板,每孔加500μL细胞完全培养基,置于CO2培养箱中平衡15min;吸弃培养基,加入一定量细胞悬液,置于培养箱中贴壁培养,定时观察贴壁情况。
2.人原代肝实质细胞的分离。
采用胶原酶两步灌注法分离新鲜人原代肝实质细胞,(MaurelP.,Hepatocytes-MethodsandProtocols,METHODSINMOLECULARBIOLOGY,ISSN1064-3745)。
具体方法如下:首先采用PBS在蠕动泵提供的压力下,利用肝脏表面暴露的官腔连续冲洗新鲜肝脏组织10分钟,随后将PBS更换为无钙镁离子的Hanks液灌注肝组织10分钟,然后采用加入质量体积比1%的BSA和质量体积比0.1%的四型胶原酶(美国Sigma公司)灌注30分钟。采用胶棒将肝细胞从肝组织中轻轻分离出来,500g离心1分钟并重复3次,沉淀细胞则为原代分离的肝实质细胞。
3.基因修饰
对获取的肝实质细胞进行基因修饰,以抑制P53基因的表达;具体过程包括:使用慢病毒载体装载大T抗原基因、E6E7基因、MDM2基因中的至少一种,感染上述获取的肝实质细胞,本实施例中,被感染的肝实质细胞与慢病毒载体的比值为1:1—1:100。
4.人原代肝实质细胞的培养和增殖。
将基因修饰后的肝实质细胞传入包被好的细胞培养板中,加入肝细胞增殖培养基。肝细胞培养基为在基础细胞培养基DMEM/F12中加入胰岛素‐转铁蛋白‐亚硒酸钠混合补充液,GlutaMAX,非必须氨基酸,β-巯基乙醇,人肝细胞生长因子,Wnt信号通路的小分子激动剂CHIR99021,Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂Y-27632,ALK5激酶抑制剂A83-01。肝细胞增殖培养基中,胰岛素‐转铁蛋白‐亚硒酸钠混合补充液终浓度为1%(体积百分含量);人肝细胞生长因子的终浓度20ng/ml;Wnt信号通路的小分子激动剂CHIR99021的终浓度为3μM;Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂Y-27632的终浓度为10μM;ALK5激酶抑制剂A83-01的终浓度为1μM;β-巯基乙醇的终浓度为0.1mM;非必需氨基酸的终浓度为1%(体积百分含量);GlutaMAX的终浓度为1%(体积百分含量)。细胞培养过程中每3天更换新鲜的肝细胞增殖培养基。细胞传代的方法为将细胞用Accutase消化液(美国Invitrogen公司)消化,按1:2-1:5传代,用肝细胞增殖培养基培养。
二、肝细胞的分化成熟及细胞性质的鉴定
1.肝细胞的分化和成熟。
肝细胞生长至90%汇合率时,加入肝细胞分化培养基培养9-13天,每天更换新鲜肝细胞分化培养基。肝细胞分化培养基为在基础细胞培养基DMEM/F12中加入胰岛素‐转铁蛋白‐亚硒酸钠混合补充液,GlutaMAX,非必须氨基酸,β-巯基乙醇,地塞米松和人抑瘤素-M;肝细胞分化培养基中,胰岛素‐转铁蛋白‐亚硒酸钠混合补充液的终浓度为1%(体积百分含量),GlutaMAX的终浓度为1%(体积百分含量),地塞米松的终浓度为0.1μM,人抑瘤素-M的终浓度为10ng/ml,ALK5激酶抑制剂SB431542的终浓度为10μM,细胞在分化培养基中培养3-5天出现肝实质细胞形态(见图2)。
2.肝细胞标志物和功能鉴定。
将本发明培养扩增的肝细胞和分化成熟的肝细胞分别进行基因表达和功能鉴定,具体方法和结果如下:
1)RT-PCR:采用上海飞捷生物RNAfast200试剂盒(货号220010)抽提上述细胞RNA,采用SuperScriptTMIIRNaseH-反转录酶(Invitorgen,18064014)将RNA反转录为cDNA,采用表一中的引物通过PCR技术扩增肝细胞相关基因,进行凝胶电泳,鉴定结果见图3,通过本专利方法培养和增殖的肝细胞,经体外分化后,可表达与肝实质细胞功能密切相关的基因,其表达水平与原代肝实质细胞接近。
2)免疫荧光:上述细胞经4%多聚甲醛室温固定10分钟,用0.2%Triton100穿膜10分钟,用1%BSA室温封闭1小时,加入一抗4℃孵育过夜,PBS洗三次,加入二抗室温孵育1小时,PBS洗涤三次后倒置显微镜观察成像,鉴定结果见图4,反映肝实质细胞功能的白蛋白和上皮细胞特性的E-钙粘蛋白均可被检测到。
3)流式细胞术:采用eBioscience流式细胞染色试剂盒,根据试剂盒说明书检测上述细胞中白蛋白,CYP3A4和α抗胰蛋白酶的表达水平,检测结果见图5,上述三种反映肝实质细胞功能的蛋白在大多数经分化的肝细胞中表达,进一步证明本专利方法获得的肝细胞具有较高的纯度和功能。
4)BODIPY染色:采用Invitrogen公司生产的BODIPY检测上述细胞内脂滴水平,检测结果见图6,和原代肝实质细胞相比,经体外培养和分化的肝细胞也具有合成脂滴的能力。
5)糖原PAS染色:采用南京建成公司生产的糖原染色试剂盒,根据试剂盒说明书检测上述细胞糖原合成和存储水平,检测结果见图7,经体外培养和分化的肝细胞具有较强的糖原合成能力,反映其具有肝实质细胞的特有功能。
6)LDL摄入试验:采用Abcam公司生产的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)摄取试剂盒(ab133127),根据试剂盒说明书检测上述细胞对LDL的摄取能力,检测结果见图8,经体外培养和分化的肝细胞具有摄取LDL的能力,反映其具有肝实质细胞的特有功能。
7)细胞色素氧化酶诱导:采用100μM地塞米松和10μM分别处理上述经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞,采用上述采用上海飞捷生物RNAfast200试剂盒(货号220010)抽提上述细胞RNA,采用SuperScriptTMIIRNaseH-反转录酶(Invitorgen,18064014)将RNA反转录为cDNA,采用表一中的引物通过实时定量PCR技术检测细胞色素氧化酶CYP3A4和CYP1A2的表达水平变化。检测结果见图9,已知临床常用的一些药物如地塞米松和奥美拉唑均在肝脏经特定的细胞色素氧化酶(CYP)进行转化和代谢,图9A显示地塞米松可显著诱导细胞CYP3A4转录水平升高,而CYP1A2则可被奥美拉唑显著诱导表达。
8)细胞色素氧化酶抑制实验采用Promega公司生产的CYP3A4P450-GLOTM(V9001)试剂盒,根据试剂盒说明书检测CYP3A4的特异抑制剂酮康唑对CYP3A4活性的抑制作用,检测结果见图10,CYP3A4活性可被酮康唑显著抑制,以上结果证实,本专利培养扩增的肝细胞,经体外分化后具有典型的肝实质细胞CYP活性。
9)ELISA:采用Bethyl公司生产的人白蛋白ELISA试剂盒检测上述细胞培养上清中的白蛋白含量,检测结果见图11,和原代肝实质细胞相比,经体外培养和分化的肝细胞具有较强的白蛋白合成能力,反映其具有肝实质细胞的特有功能。
10)细胞移植和血清人白蛋白检测:将上述经培养扩增并分化成熟的肝细胞2×106细胞通过注射入Fah-/-/il2R-/-/Rag2-/-小鼠脾脏中,两周后抽血,采用Bethyl公司生产的人白蛋白ELISA试剂盒,根据试剂盒提供的说明书检测小鼠血清中人白蛋白水平,检测结果见图12,在移植两周左右可在小鼠体内检测到人白蛋白,提示移植的肝细胞已成功定植入受体小鼠的肝脏中。
实施例2:
1.细胞培养板的预包被。
采用Matrigel进行包被,将冷冻保存的Matrigel放置4℃过夜,使其成为液态,用预冷的无血清培养基(如DMEM)按1:80稀释,加入培养孔中,以覆盖底面为宜,放置37℃一小时后即可使用。
2.人原代肝实质细胞的分离同实施例1。
3.基因修饰
使用真核表达载体装载大T抗原基因、E6E7基因或MDM2基因中的至少一种,采用常规转染试剂转染上述获取的肝实质细胞。
4.基因修饰后的肝实质细胞的培养和增殖。
在上述肝细胞增殖培养基中人肝细胞生长因子的终浓度20ng/ml;Wnt信号通路的小分子激动剂CHIR99021的终浓度为3μM;Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂Y-27632的终浓度为10μM,ALK5激酶抑制剂A83-01的终浓度为1μM,其余同实施例1.
肝细胞的分化成熟及细胞性质的鉴定同实施例1,鉴定结果与实施例1一致。
采用实施例2的方法获得了与实施例1方法相同的效果,细胞增殖和分化形态与实施例1方法所获得的细胞相同。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
上面对本发明的各种实施方式的描述以描述的目的提供给本领域技术人员。其不旨在是穷举的、或者不旨在将本发明限制于单个公开的实施方式。如上所述,本发明的各种替代和变化对于上述技术所属领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。因此,虽然已经具体讨论了一些另选的实施方式,但是其它实施方式将是显而易见的,或者本领域技术人员相对容易得出。本发明旨在包括在此已经讨论过的本发明的所有替代、修改、和变化,以及落在上述申请的精神和范围内的其它实施方式。
虽然通过实施方式描绘了本发明,本领域普通技术人员知道,本发明有许多变形和变化而不脱离本发明的精神,希望所附的权利要求包括这些变形和变化而不脱离本发明的精神。
Claims (18)
1.个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:对获取的肝实质细胞进行基因修饰,以抑制P53基因的表达或功能;
步骤二:将步骤一中经过基因修饰的肝实质细胞置入肝细胞增殖培养基中进行培养和扩增,获得肝细胞;
步骤三:将步骤二获得的肝细胞,置入肝细胞分化培养基中培养获得成熟肝细胞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,对步骤一中所述的肝实质细胞进行基因修饰的方法选自基因导入、基因编辑或RNA干扰中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述基因导入使用的基因选自抑制P53表达或功能的基因,所述抑制P53表达或功能的基因选自SV40病毒大T抗原基因、HPV病毒E6E7基因或泛素连接酶基因;所述泛素连接酶基因选自Mdm2、Hdm2、COP1、Pirh2或ARF-BP1基因中的至少一种,所述的基因编辑选自CRISPR/Cas9、TALEN或ZFN方法中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述基因导入的方法选自病毒载体介导的基因表达或非病毒载体介导的基因表达。
5.根据权利要求1所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述的肝实质细胞为哺乳动物肝实质细胞,所述哺乳动物肝实质细胞选自小鼠肝实质细胞、大鼠肝实质细胞、恒河猴肝实质细胞、猩猩肝实质细胞或人肝实质细胞中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述经过基因修饰的肝实质细胞是附着在培养支持物上,再加入肝细胞增殖培养基进行培养和扩增的,所述培养支持物采用胶原蛋白或细胞外基质蛋白预包被;所述细胞外基质蛋白选自Matrigel基质胶,所述的培养支持物是指培养皿或培养板。
7.根据权利要求1所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述的肝细胞增殖培养基包括基础培养基,所述的基础培养基选自MEM、DMEM、BME、DMEM/F12、RPMI1640、WilliamE、NeurobasalE或Fischers培养基中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述的肝细胞培养基还包括营养成分,所述营养成分包括血清、血清替代物、生长因子、Wnt信号通路的激动剂、Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂、ALK5激酶抑制剂中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述的血清替代物选自KnockOutTM血清替代物、胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合补充液、N2营养添加物、B27营养添加物中的至少一种;所述的生长因子选自表皮生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子-2、肝细胞生长因子、血小板细胞生长因子或胰岛素生长因子中的至少一种;所述的Wnt通路激动剂选自CHIRP98014、TWS119、CHIRP99021、Wnt3a或R-Rspondin中的至少一种;所述的Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂选自thiazovivin、Y-27632或Blebbistatin中的至少一种;所述的ALK5激酶抑制剂选自SB431542、A83-01或RepSox中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述的肝细胞分化培养基由基础细胞培养基和添加物组成,所述基础细胞培养基选自MEM、DMEM、BME、DMEM/F12、RPMI1640、William E、Neurobasa l或Fischers培养基中的至少一种;所述的添加物包括血清替代物、肝细胞生长因子、地塞米松、人抑瘤素-M或ALK5激酶抑制剂中的至少一种。所述的ALK5激酶抑制剂选自SB431542、A83-01或RepSox中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二还包括:对培养和扩增7-10天后的所述肝细胞进行传代培养和扩增。
12.根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的个性化肝细胞的培养和扩增方法制备得到的肝细胞。
13.根据权利要求12所述的肝细胞在建立个性化肝细胞库中的应用。
14.根据权利要求12所述的肝细胞在化合物和药物的毒理学和药理学评价中的应用。
15.根据权利要求12所述的肝细胞在制备诊断或治疗肝炎病毒药物中的应用。
16.根据权利要求12所述的肝细胞在制备生物人工肝材料中的应用。
17.根据权利要求12所述的肝细胞在肝细胞移植中的应用。
18.根据权利要求12所述的肝细胞在人源化嵌合鼠的制备中的应用。
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