CN108344671A - A kind of airborne back scattering cloud particle survey meter, meteorological detection equipment and cloud particle detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an airborne backscattering cloud particle detector, weather detection equipment and a cloud particle detection method. It includes: a laser emitting module, whose laser beam is changed into circularly polarized light through a circular polarizer, and converged to the cloud particles to be measured through the first focusing lens; a backscattered light detection module, whose scattered light is changed into parallel light through an optical 4f system, After being decomposed into two beams of linearly polarized light S light and P light by a quarter-wave plate, the beam is split into mutually perpendicular S light and P light by a polarization beam splitting prism, and is focused by the corresponding S light focusing lens and P light respectively. The focusing lens converges to the signal detection processing module; and the signal detection processing module, which respectively sends the detection signal to the signal amplification circuit for amplification, and then the signal collection and processing circuit performs sampling analysis to determine the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured. The invention solves the drawbacks in the prior art that the phase state and size of cloud particles cannot be accurately distinguished under the condition of large concentration.

Description

An airborne backscattering cloud particle detector, meteorological detection equipment and cloud particles detection method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cloud particles, and in particular relates to an airborne backscattering cloud particle detector suitable for airborne use that can distinguish the phase state of cloud particles, meteorological detection equipment and a cloud particle detection method.

Background technique

Analyzing the size-scale spectrum and phase state information of particles in clouds, that is, distinguishing whether they are small water droplets or small ice crystals, is of great significance in the scientific research of cloud physics.

The detection principle of particle phase detection through the backscattered light characteristics of cloud particles is based on the polarization characteristics of light and the scattering characteristics of particles to laser light. According to the polarization scattering theory, the backscattering signal of linearly polarized light from spherical particles in the atmosphere is still linearly polarized light in a given direction; however, for non-spherical particles, the backscattering signal has the same polarization direction as the incident light In addition to the signal, there is also its orthogonal component, which is the depolarization effect of the particle. The magnitude of the depolarization effect depends on the particle size, shape distribution, refractive index, etc. The particle depolarization effect can be used to distinguish spherical particles from non-spherical particles. For example, in the U.S. invention patent "Optical particle detector" with the patent number US20140330459, the U.S. DMT company proposes an optical particle detector that can be installed on an aircraft to distinguish particle shapes. The light source is a diode laser that emits linearly polarized light; domestic applications No. CN201510378381.1 Chinese invention patent "a cloud particle detection method and detector", by receiving the backscattering signal of the cloud particles, detecting the depolarization of the cloud particles to the laser, and obtaining the phase state of the cloud particles, but it uses The light source does not have polarization characteristics; the application number is CN201710217629.5 Chinese invention patent "cloud particle detection system and method based on polarization detection". The wave plate is composed of a linearly polarized beam.

Using a linearly polarized laser beam as the light source to measure the linearly polarized component of backscattering works well when backscattering is dominated by single scattering, but when the concentration of particles is large and multiple scattering dominates, it can lead to polarization Fuzzy, it is difficult to correctly distinguish the particle shape.

In summary, there is no detection instrument that can accurately distinguish the phase and size of cloud particles in the case of large concentrations in the prior art.

Contents of the invention

In view of the defect that the existing technology cannot accurately distinguish the phase state of cloud particles under the condition of large concentration, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an airborne backscattering cloud particle detector, which can Works reliably and accurately identifies particle phase states.

In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention:

An airborne backscatter cloud particle detector, comprising:

A laser emitting module, the laser emitting module at least includes a laser light source, a circular polarizer, and a first focusing lens, wherein the laser beam emitted by the laser light source is changed into circularly polarized light by the circular polarizer, through the first The focusing lens converges to the cloud particles to be measured;

A backscattered light detection module, the backscattered light detection module at least includes an optical 4f system, a quarter wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, an S light focusing lens, and a P light focusing lens, wherein the cloud to be measured The backscattered light generated by the particles is changed into parallel light through the optical 4f system, and decomposed into two beams of linearly polarized light-S light and linearly polarized light-P light with polarization directions perpendicular to each other through the quarter-wave plate Afterwards, after being split into S light and P light whose outgoing directions are perpendicular to each other by the polarization beam splitting prism, they are converged to the signal detection and processing module by respective corresponding S light focusing lenses and P light focusing lenses;

And a signal detection processing module, the signal detection processing module at least includes S light-photodetector, P light-photodetector, signal amplification circuit, signal acquisition and processing circuit, wherein, S light-photodetector, P light-photoelectric detector The detectors send their corresponding S light detection signals and P light detection signals to the signal amplification circuit for amplification, and then the signal acquisition and processing circuit performs sampling and analysis to determine the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured.

Based on the above scheme, further preferably,

The signal acquisition and processing circuit determines the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured through the sampling and analysis sub-module; Determine the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured and determine the corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured by the sum of the detected backscattered light intensities; wherein, the circular polarization direction includes a left-handed circular polarization direction or a right-handed circular polarization direction , that is, if it is a left-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is liquid, and if it is a right-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is a solid state; The size of the cloud particle size is determined based on the particle's Mie scattering theory curve.

Based on the above scheme, further preferably,

The optical 4f system at least includes a first collimating mirror, a second focusing mirror and a second collimating mirror.

Based on the above scheme, further preferably,

The laser light source is a light source emitted by any one of a diode laser, a fiber laser, a gas laser or a solid-state laser.

Based on the above scheme, further preferably,

The polarizing beam splitting prism adopts a thin film interference polarizing beam splitting mirror.

The present invention also provides a weather detection device based on any of the above solutions.

The present invention also provides a cloud particle detection method based on any of the above schemes; including:

Backscattered light is generated by the laser emitting module, that is, after the laser beam emitted by the laser light source is changed into circularly polarized light by the circular polarizer, it is converged to the cloud particles to be measured through the first focusing lens;

Through the backscattered light detection module, the backscattered light generated by the cloud particles to be measured is rotated to decompose two beams of linearly polarized light-S light and linearly polarized light-P light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, and converge them to their corresponding Photodetector; that is, the backscattered light generated by the cloud particles to be measured is changed into parallel light through the optical 4f system, and is decomposed into two linearly polarized beams whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other through the quarter wave plate After light-S light and linearly polarized light-P light are split into S light and P light whose outgoing directions are perpendicular to each other through the polarization beam splitting prism, they are converged by the respective corresponding S light focusing lenses and P light focusing lenses to Signal detection processing module;

The phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured and the size corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured are determined through the signal detection processing module.

Based on the above scheme, further preferably,

The signal acquisition and processing circuit determines the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured through the sampling and analysis sub-module; Determine the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured and determine the corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured by the sum of the detected backscattered light intensities; wherein, the circular polarization direction includes a left-handed circular polarization direction or a right-handed circular polarization direction , that is, if it is a left-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is liquid, and if it is a right-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is a solid state; The size of the cloud particle size is determined based on the particle's Mie scattering theory curve.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

1. The scheme of the present invention can use the circular polarization direction of the backscattered light generated by circularly polarized light to irradiate particles to detect and analyze the phase state of cloud particles, so as to effectively distinguish the phase state of cloud particles under the condition of large particle concentration ;

2. The scheme of the present invention can invert the effective size of cloud particles from the total backscattered light intensity while distinguishing the particle phase state, and has many functions and a simple overall structure.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 in the embodiment of the airborne backscattering cloud particle detector according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is embodiment 1 in the embodiment of airborne backscattering cloud particle detector according to the present invention,

Beam transmission diagrams described in Examples 2 and 4.

In the figure: 1-laser source, 2-circular polarizer, 3-first focusing mirror, 4-optical window, 5-cloud particles to be measured, 6-first collimating mirror, 7-second focusing mirror, 8- The first collimating mirror, 9-bandpass filter, 10-quarter wave plate, 11-polarization beam splitting prism, 12-third focusing mirror, 13-P light detector, 14-fourth focusing mirror , 15-S light detector, 16-signal amplification circuit, 17-signal acquisition and processing circuit.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the implementation of the present invention. example, not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As mentioned above, existing methods use a linearly polarized laser beam as the light source to measure the linearly polarized component of backscattering, which works well when backscattering is dominated by single scattering, but when the concentration of particles is large and multiple scattering dominates When dominant, it will lead to problems such as polarization ambiguity and difficulty in correctly distinguishing particle shapes.

The invention provides an airborne backscattering cloud particle detector, comprising:

A laser emitting module, the laser emitting module at least includes a laser light source, a circular polarizer, and a first focusing lens, wherein the laser beam emitted by the laser light source is changed into circularly polarized light by the circular polarizer, through the first The focusing lens converges to the cloud particles to be measured; based on the above scheme, further preferred scheme 1, the laser light source is a light source emitted by any laser in a diode laser, a fiber laser, a gas laser or a solid-state laser, and its wavelength is visible light or Near-infrared light, such as a laser source outputting 635nm collimated continuous laser light; because the circularly polarized light backscattered by cloud particles in different phases has different rotation directions, the laser beam can be changed to become left-handed or left-handed through the circular polarizer. Right-handed circularly polarized light, so that the rotation direction of backscattered circularly polarized light can be judged by the signal detection processing module to distinguish the phase state of cloud particles;

A backscattered light detection module, the backscattered light detection module at least includes an optical 4f system, a quarter wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, an S light focusing lens, and a P light focusing lens, wherein the cloud to be measured The backscattered light generated by the particles is changed into parallel light through the optical 4f system, and decomposed into two beams of linearly polarized light-S light and linearly polarized light-P light with polarization directions perpendicular to each other through the quarter-wave plate Afterwards, after being split into S light and P light whose outgoing directions are perpendicular to each other through the polarization beam splitting prism, they are converged to the signal detection and processing module by the corresponding S light focusing lens and P light focusing lens; based on the above scheme 1, further In the preferred solution 2, the optical 4f system includes at least a first collimating mirror, a second focusing mirror and a second collimating mirror; the polarizing beam splitting prism adopts a thin-film interference polarizing beam splitting mirror;

And a signal detection processing module, the signal detection processing module at least includes S light-photodetector, P light-photodetector, signal amplification circuit, signal acquisition and processing circuit, wherein, S light-photodetector, P light-photoelectric detector The detectors send their corresponding S light detection signals and P light detection signals to the signal amplification circuit for amplification, and then the signal acquisition and processing circuit performs sampling and analysis to determine the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured. Based on the above scheme 1, the further preferred scheme 2, the signal acquisition and processing circuit determines the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured through the sampling analysis submodule; The rotation direction corresponding to the direction, that is, the circular polarization direction, determines the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured, and determines the corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured by the sum of the intensity of the detected backscattered light; wherein, the circular polarization direction Including left-handed circular polarization direction or right-handed circular polarization direction, that is, if it is left-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is liquid; if it is right-handed circular polarization direction, then the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is determined. The state is solid state; the size corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is determined based on the Mie scattering theoretical curve of the particle to determine the size of the cloud particle. In Scheme 2, the method of comparing and judging the rotation direction of backscattered circularly polarized light is realized through the structure of the backscattered light detection module: firstly, a quarter-wave plate is used to convert the backscattered circularly polarized light with different rotation directions into different After the linearly polarized light in the polarization direction passes through the polarization beam splitter prism, the linearly polarized light in different polarization directions is transmitted or reflected into different photodetectors, and the corresponding linearly polarized light power is measured.

The theoretical principle corresponding to the above scheme is as follows: in the cloud particles, the spherical particles are water, and the non-spherical particles are ice crystals; Rotate in the direction opposite to the circular polarization direction of the laser beam; while the rotation direction of the circular polarization component of the backscattered light for non-spherical particles is consistent with the circular polarization direction of the laser beam; at the same time, because the circular polarization method is not sensitive to multiple scattering, no matter Regardless of the size of the extinction coefficient, the circularly polarized component of backscattering has a different rotation direction for spherical and non-spherical particles, so it can be seen that the advantage of using the rotation direction of the circularly polarized component instead of linear depolarization measurements is for single and multiple scattering Both can distinguish between spherical and non-spherical scatterers. Correspondingly, the working principle of the present invention is as follows: the collimated light beam can be emitted by the laser source, so that it becomes circularly polarized light through the circular polarizer; Cloud particles pass through the focusing position of the beam to generate scattered light pulses. The backscattered light within a certain range of scattering angles is collected, and then becomes parallel light through the 4f lens system, that is, the optical 4f system. The parallel light first passes through a quarter-wave plate Decompose into two beams of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, that is, S light and P light, and then pass through a polarization beam splitting prism to emit S light and P light in a direction perpendicular to each other, and the two separated linearly polarized lights pass through the third focusing lens 1. After the fourth focusing lens is focused, enter the S photodetector 15 and the P photodetector 13 respectively; the photocurrents produced by the two detectors are respectively amplified by the amplifying circuit and enter the signal acquisition and processing circuit for high-speed sampling and analysis calculation; The phase state of the particles is determined by comparing the circular polarization directions of the backscattered light and the emitted laser light, and the size of the cloud particles is determined by the sum of the intensities of the backscattered light.

The present invention also provides a weather detection device based on any of the above solutions.

The present invention also provides a method for detecting cloud particles based on any of the above schemes; including: firstly generating backscattered light through a laser emitting module, that is, making the laser beam emitted by the laser light source pass through the circular polarizer After changing to circularly polarized light, it is converged to the cloud particles to be measured through the first focusing lens; secondly, the backscattered light generated by the cloud particles to be measured is rotated through the backscattered light detection module to decompose two beams whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other The linearly polarized light-S light and the linearly polarized light-P light are converged to respective corresponding photodetectors; that is, the backscattered light generated by the cloud particles to be measured is changed into parallel light through the optical 4f system, After the quarter-wave plate is decomposed into two beams of linearly polarized light-S light and linearly polarized light-P light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, they are split into S lights whose outgoing directions are perpendicular to each other through the polarization beam splitter prism. After being combined with the P light, it is converged to the signal detection processing module by the corresponding S light focusing lens and P light focusing lens; finally, the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured and the corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured are determined through the signal detection processing module.

Based on the above scheme, it is further preferred that the signal acquisition and processing circuit determines the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured through the sampling and analysis sub-module; The rotation direction of the circular polarization direction determines the corresponding phase state of the cloud particle to be measured and determines the corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured by the sum of the intensity of the detected backscattered light; wherein, the circular polarization direction includes a left-handed circle Polarization direction or right-handed circular polarization direction, that is, if it is a left-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is liquid, and if it is a right-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is a solid state ; The size corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is determined based on the Mie scattering theory curve of the particle to determine the size of the cloud particle.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiment 1: the airborne backscattering cloud particle detector shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, it comprises: laser source 1, circular polarizer 2, first focusing lens 3, optical window 4, cloud particle 5 to be measured , the first collimating mirror 6, the second focusing mirror 7, the second collimating mirror 8, the bandpass filter 9, the quarter wave plate 10, the polarization beam splitting prism 11, the third focusing mirror 12, P light Detector 13, fourth focusing mirror 14, S light detector 15, signal amplification circuit board 16, signal acquisition and processing board 17; wherein, the laser light emitted by laser source 1 passes through circular polarizer 2, first focusing mirror 3, optical The window 4 converges to the focus position of the first focusing mirror 3; the cloud particle 5 to be measured passes through the focused light and undergoes light scattering, and the backscattered light generated by it passes through the first collimating mirror 6, the second focusing mirror 7 and the second collimating mirror in sequence. The 4f system formed by two collimating mirrors 8, the bandpass filter 9, and the quarter-wave plate 10 reach the polarizing beam splitting prism 11; wherein the P light directly passes through the polarizing beam splitting prism 11, and is converged by the third focusing mirror 12 to On the P light detector 13; the S light is reflected by the polarization beam splitter prism at 45° and then converged to the S light detector 15 by the fourth focusing mirror 14; finally the P light detector 13 and the S light detector 15 output signals through the signal After the amplifying circuit board 16 is amplified, it is sent to the signal acquisition and processing circuit 17 for calculation and analysis; among the above components, the laser source 1 is a diode laser with a wavelength of 635nm, its spectral width is not greater than 2nm, the beam is collimated and output, and the output optical power is not less than 30mW; the circular polarizer 2 is composed of a polarizer and a quarter-wave plate; the first focusing mirror 3 is a short-focus lens, and its focal length is not greater than 50mm; the bandpass filter 9 center wavelength 635nm, a bandwidth of 10nm, and a light transmittance of more than 90%; the polarization beam splitter 11 is a thin-film interference type polarization beam splitter; the P light detector 13 and the S light detector 15 use PIN photodiodes or avalanche photodiodes; The signal acquisition and processing circuit 17 adopts two channels of AD parallel sampling, the sampling rate is 10Msps, and the number of A/D bits is 14bits.

Wherein, the signal acquisition and processing circuit determines the phase state and size corresponding to the cloud particles to be measured through the sampling and analysis sub-module; The direction determines the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured and determines the corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured through the sum of the detected backscattered light intensities—the diameter of the cloud particle; wherein, the circular polarization direction includes a left-handed circular polarization direction Or the right-handed circular polarization direction, that is, if it is a left-handed circular polarization direction, it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is a liquid state, and if it is a right-handed circular polarization direction, then it is determined that the phase state corresponding to the cloud particle to be measured is a solid state; The corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured is determined by measuring the sum of the intensity of the S light and the P light, and combining the Mie scattering theoretical curve of the particle to determine the size of the cloud particle. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the laser light emitted by the laser source 1 becomes left-handed circularly polarized light through the circular polarizer 2, and the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate 10 (the direction of the optical axis of the glass slide is parallel to the slide plane, and the negative crystal does The optical axis direction of a quarter of the glass slide is the fast axis direction; the positive crystal fast axis direction is located in the slide plane perpendicular to the optical axis direction.) and the x-axis direction is placed at +45°; if the cloud particle 5 is a small liquid water droplets, the backscattered light is right-handed circularly polarized light; the corresponding formulas are described in the following formulas

The Jones vector of left-handed circularly polarized light is The Jones vector of right-handed circularly polarized light is The Jones matrix of the quarter-wave plate 10 is where i represents the imaginary unit;

After the right-handed circularly polarized light passes through the quarter-wave plate 10, the Jones vector of the transmitted light is equal to Become the linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is along the x-axis; the linearly polarized light becomes P light, and directly enters the P light detector 13 through the polarization beam splitting prism 11; if there is no light, it enters the S light detector; The backscattered light is right-handed circularly polarized light, and the corresponding cloud particles are small liquid water droplets; if the cloud particles 5 are solid small ice crystals, the backscattered light is still left-handed circularly polarized light, and a quarter-wave plate is placed through the same angle After 10, it becomes linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is along the y-axis, that is, S light, which is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter 11 at 45° and enters the S light detector 15, and enters the P light detector when there is no light. At this point, it can be judged that the backscattered light is left-handed circularly polarized light, and the corresponding cloud particles are solid small ice crystals; in actual experiments, it is found that the emitted left-handed circularly polarized light may be depolarized during scattering, and the backscattered light is Elliptically polarized light, but even in this case, if the cloud particle 5 is a liquid water droplet, then the circularly polarized component in the backscattered light is right-handed circularly polarized, and the optical power finally entering the P photodetector is dominant; if the cloud Particle 5 is a small liquid ice crystal, the circularly polarized component of the backscattered light is still left-handed circularly polarized, and the optical power finally entering the S photodetector is dominant; therefore, the above method can also be used to accurately determine the phase state of the particle.

Embodiment 2: A kind of meteorological detection unmanned aerial vehicle, it has the airborne backscatter cloud particle detector described in embodiment 1.

In summary, the scheme of the present invention detects and analyzes the phase state of cloud particles by using the circular polarization direction of the backscattered light generated by the circularly polarized light irradiating the particles, which can effectively distinguish the cloud particles under the condition of large particle concentration. Compared with the existing method of detecting the phase state of particles with linearly polarized laser, the measurement is more accurate and the application range is wider. It can be applied to cloud physics research, artificial weather modification and other application fields.

It is worth noting that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Under the premise of the above-mentioned design principle, in order to solve the same technical problem, even some insubstantial changes or modifications made on the basis of the structure disclosed in the present invention, such as changing the laser wavelength, the circularly polarized light generation method, and the circularly polarized light The essence of the adopted technical solution is still the same as that of the present invention, so it should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of airborne back scattering cloud particle survey meter, which is characterized in that including：

Laser emitting module, the laser emitting module include at least laser light source, circuit polarizer and the first condenser lens, In, the laser beam emitted by the laser light source changes into circularly polarized light by the circuit polarizer, is focused via first Lens converge to cloud particle to be measured；

Rear orientation light detecting module, the rear orientation light detecting module include at least Optical processing system, quarter-wave plate, Polarization beam splitter prism, S light condenser lens, P light condenser lenses, wherein scattering light caused by the cloud particle to be measured passes through institute It states Optical processing system and changes into directional light, it is inclined to be decomposed into the two orthogonal lines in beam polarization direction via the quarter-wave plate It shakes after light-S light and linearly polarized light-P light, is the orthogonal S light of exit direction and P by the polarization beam splitter prism beam splitting After light, signal detection processing module is converged to by corresponding S light condenser lens, P light condenser lenses；

And signal detection processing module, the signal detection processing module include at least S light-photodetector, P light-photoelectricity Detector, signal amplification circuit, signal acquisition processing circuit, wherein S light-photodetector, P light-photodetector respectively will Corresponding S light detecting signals, P light detecting signals be sent to signal amplification circuit amplification after by signal acquisition processing circuit into Row sampling analysis, to determine the corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured and size.

2. airborne back scattering cloud particle survey meter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The signal acquisition processing circuit determines the corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured and size by sampling analysis submodule； The sampling analysis submodule is by comparing direction of rotation, that is, circular polarization side corresponding to rear orientation light and Laser emission direction To determining the corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured and determine cloud to be measured by the intensity summation of the rear orientation light detected The corresponding size of particle；Wherein, the circular polarization includes Left-hand circular polarization direction or right-hand circular polarization direction, i.e., if a left side Rounding polarization direction then determines that the corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured is liquid, is then determined if right-hand circular polarization direction to be measured The corresponding phase of cloud particle is solid-state；The corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured is determined based on the Mie theory curve of particle Go out cloud particle size.

3. airborne back scattering cloud particle survey meter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The Optical processing system includes at least the first collimating mirror, the second focus lamp and the second collimating mirror.

4. airborne back scattering cloud particle survey meter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The laser light source is diode laser, optical fiber laser, any one in gas laser or solid state laser swashs The light source that light device is sent out.

5. airborne back scattering cloud particle survey meter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The polarization beam splitter prism uses film interference type polarizing beam splitter mirror.

6. a kind of meteorological detection equipment, it is characterised in that：Including the airborne back scattering cloud particle of claim 1-5 any one of them Sub- survey meter.

7. a kind of cloud particle detection side based on the airborne back scattering cloud particle survey meter of claim 1-5 any one of them Method；It is characterised in that it includes：

Rear orientation light is generated by laser emitting module, i.e., so that the laser beam emitted by the laser light source passes through institute It states after circuit polarizer changes into circularly polarized light, cloud particle to be measured is converged to via the first condenser lens；

Rear orientation light caused by cloud particle to be measured is made to generate rotation to decomposite two by rear orientation light detecting module Orthogonal linearly polarized light-S the light in beam polarization direction and linearly polarized light-P light simultaneously converge to corresponding photodetector； I.e. so that rear orientation light caused by the cloud particle to be measured changes into directional light by the Optical processing system, via described After quarter-wave plate is decomposed into the orthogonal linearly polarized light-S light in two beam polarization directions and linearly polarized light-P light, pass through institute After polarization beam splitter prism beam splitting is stated as the orthogonal S light of exit direction and P light, by corresponding S light condenser lens, P light Condenser lens converges to signal detection processing module；

The corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured and the corresponding size of cloud particle to be measured are determined by signal detection processing module.

8. cloud particle detection method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：

The signal acquisition processing circuit determines the corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured and size by sampling analysis submodule； The sampling analysis submodule is by comparing direction of rotation, that is, circular polarization side corresponding to rear orientation light and Laser emission direction To determining the corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured and determine cloud to be measured by the intensity summation of the rear orientation light detected The corresponding size of particle；Wherein, the circular polarization includes Left-hand circular polarization direction or right-hand circular polarization direction, i.e., if a left side Rounding polarization direction then determines that the corresponding phase of cloud particle to be measured is liquid, is then determined if right-hand circular polarization direction to be measured The corresponding phase of cloud particle is solid-state；The corresponding size of the cloud particle to be measured is determined based on the Mie theory curve of particle Go out cloud particle size.