CN108414085A - A kind of large field of view scan system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光学扫描装置，具体地，涉及一种大视场扫描系统。The present invention relates to an optical scanning device, in particular to a large field of view scanning system.
背景技术Background technique
狭缝式光栅光谱仪是研究太阳磁场分布的重要仪器，并且在太阳大气的观测中得到了广泛的运用，北京科学出版社1987年出版的《实测天体物体学》内有黄佑然，许熬敖，秦志海等人发表的相关技术资料。The slit-type grating spectrometer is an important instrument for studying the distribution of the solar magnetic field, and it has been widely used in the observation of the solar atmosphere. Huang Youran, Xu Aoao, and Qin Zhihai were included in the "Measured Astrophysics" published by Beijing Science Press in 1987. Related technical information published by et al.
为了研究太阳磁场在不同太阳大气上的分布特性，通常采用三维光谱成像技术。三维光谱成像技术可分为基于光纤阵列的视场积分单元(IFU)技术、像切割器技术和视场扫描技术(王俊凡,朱永田,胡中文.基于积分视场单元的三维天文成像光谱技术[J].天文学进展,2008,26(1):73-79.)。In order to study the distribution characteristics of the solar magnetic field in different solar atmospheres, three-dimensional spectral imaging technology is usually used. Three-dimensional spectral imaging technology can be divided into field integration unit (IFU) technology based on optical fiber array, image cutter technology and field scanning technology (Wang Junfan, Zhu Yongtian, Hu Zhongwen. Three-dimensional astronomical imaging spectroscopy technology based on integral field of view[ J]. Progress in Astronomy, 2008,26(1):73-79.).
相对于视场积分单元技术和像切割器技术，视场扫描技术具有结构简单，使用方便，加工要求低和便于装调等优点，在各个领域都得到了广泛的运用。传统的视场扫描技术可分为瞳面tip-tilt单镜扫描和K镜扫描。其中，tip-tilt单镜扫描技术通常采用压电陶瓷驱动，但其摆放位置有严格的空间限制，必须置于瞳面位置。K镜扫描技术由三个平面镜组成，且呈K字型排列，其特点是经K镜后光轴方向不改变。相对于tip-tilt单镜扫描技术，K镜扫描技术尽管没有空间摆放位置的严格限制，但是对光学系统的装调提出了较高的要求(Stolpe F,Kneer F.MISC,an instrument for multi-dimensional spectroscopy[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics Supplement,1998,131(1):181-185.)。基于以上背景，特提出本申请。Compared with field integration unit technology and image cutter technology, field of view scanning technology has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, low processing requirements and easy assembly and adjustment, and has been widely used in various fields. The traditional field of view scanning technology can be divided into pupil surface tip-tilt single-mirror scanning and K-mirror scanning. Among them, the tip-tilt single-mirror scanning technology is usually driven by piezoelectric ceramics, but its placement has strict space restrictions and must be placed on the pupil plane. The K-mirror scanning technology consists of three plane mirrors arranged in a K-shape. Its characteristic is that the direction of the optical axis does not change after passing through the K-mirror. Compared with the tip-tilt single-mirror scanning technology, although the K-mirror scanning technology has no strict restrictions on the space placement, it has higher requirements for the installation and adjustment of the optical system (Stolpe F, Kneer F. MISC, an instrument for multi -dimensional spectroscopy [J]. Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement, 1998, 131(1): 181-185.). Based on the above background, this application is proposed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何简化大视场扫描系统、并降低光学装调要求、同时消除视场扫描装置空间摆放位置的严格限制。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to simplify the large field of view scanning system, reduce the requirements for optical adjustment, and simultaneously eliminate the strict restriction on the spatial placement of the field of view scanning device.
本为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种大视场扫描系统，其包括包括：太阳光学望远镜、光学中继装置、视场扫描装置、光栅光谱仪、CCD相机、计算机和线性驱动机构；所述视场扫描装置包含第一平面镜和垂直于第一平面镜的第二平面镜；所述光栅光谱仪包含狭缝部、准直镜、光栅部；所述线性驱动机构用于驱动扫描装置整体线性活动以调整第一平面镜和第二平面镜反射不同视场下的光束；所述太阳光学望远镜用于采集太阳大气活动目标发出的光束，且太阳光学望远镜采集的光束经光学中继装置中继后，依次经由第一平面镜和第二平面镜反射后进入狭缝部；进入狭缝部的光束经由准直镜准直后的光束入射至光栅部进行色散分光；经光栅部色散分光后的部分光束重新入射至准直镜；所述CCD相机用于采集重新入射至所述准直镜的光束并将其转化为电信号至所述计算机，所述计算机用以根据所述电信号形成对应的光谱信息。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a large field of view scanning system, which includes: a solar optical telescope, an optical relay device, a field of view scanning device, a grating spectrometer, a CCD camera, a computer and a linear drive mechanism; The field of view scanning device includes a first plane mirror and a second plane mirror perpendicular to the first plane mirror; the grating spectrometer includes a slit part, a collimating mirror, and a grating part; the linear drive mechanism is used to drive the overall linear movement of the scanning device to adjust The first plane mirror and the second plane mirror reflect the light beams under different fields of view; the solar optical telescope is used to collect the light beams emitted by the solar atmospheric activity target, and the light beams collected by the solar optical telescope are relayed by the optical relay device, and then sequentially pass through the second After being reflected by a plane mirror and a second plane mirror, it enters the slit part; the beam entering the slit part is incident on the grating part after being collimated by the collimating mirror; mirror; the CCD camera is used to collect the light beam re-entering the collimating mirror and convert it into an electrical signal to the computer, and the computer is used to form corresponding spectral information according to the electrical signal.
较佳地，所述视场扫描装置所扫描的视场范围Y与视场扫描装置的线性移动距离X二者之间应满足下列关系：Y＝2X。Preferably, the following relationship should be satisfied between the field of view range Y scanned by the field of view scanning device and the linear movement distance X of the field of view scanning device: Y=2X.
较佳地，所述视场扫描装置的扫描步长Δy与光栅光谱仪狭缝宽度ws须满足公式：Δy≤0.5ws。Preferably, the scanning step size Δy of the field of view scanning device and the slit width w s of the grating spectrometer must satisfy the formula: Δy≤0.5w s .
较佳地，所述计算机可形成多组光谱信息，该多组光谱信息为第一平面镜和第二平面镜线性活动时所反射的光束所对应的光谱信息；所述计算机可根据该多组光谱信息获得三维光谱信息。Preferably, the computer can form multiple sets of spectral information, which are the spectral information corresponding to the light beams reflected when the first plane mirror and the second plane mirror move linearly; the computer can according to the multiple sets of spectral information Obtain 3D spectral information.
较佳地，所述狭缝部的狭缝尺寸可调。Preferably, the slit size of the slit portion is adjustable.
较佳地，所述光栅部为透射式光栅或反射式光栅。Preferably, the grating part is a transmissive grating or a reflective grating.
较佳地，所述的CCD相机包括成像器件和光电探测器件。Preferably, the CCD camera includes an imaging device and a photodetection device.
较佳地，所述狭缝部的狭缝的延伸方向与所述光栅部的光栅刻线的延伸方向平行。Preferably, the extending direction of the slits of the slit portion is parallel to the extending direction of the grating lines of the grating portion.
通过采用上述技术方案，本发明可以取得以下技术效果：By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1、本发明提出的大视场扫描系统，其视场扫描装置采用双平面镜的视场扫描方式，简化了光学系统结构，降低了光学系统的装调要求，且没有空间摆放位置的严格限制；1. In the large field of view scanning system proposed by the present invention, the field of view scanning device adopts the field of view scanning method of double plane mirrors, which simplifies the structure of the optical system, reduces the requirements for the installation and adjustment of the optical system, and has no strict restrictions on the placement of the space ;
2、本发明提出的大视场扫描装系统，通过线性平移视场扫描装置的方式，能够实现对不同视场的观测目标进行光谱成像观测，这对于在不同高度上的太阳大气的热力学参数分布和太阳大气活动演化的研究具有重要意义；2. The large field of view scanning device system proposed by the present invention can realize spectral imaging observation of observation targets in different fields of view by linearly shifting the field of view scanning device. It is of great significance to study the evolution of solar atmospheric activities;
3、本发明提出的大视场扫描系统，其视场扫描装置扫描视场大小是线性平移平台移动距离的2倍，不涉及任何复杂的数学运算，因此扫描效率高；此外，视场扫描装置工作波段不受限制，重量轻，使用简单，特别适合于狭缝式光栅光谱仪的视场扫描成像；这对于大视场三维光谱成像和层析成像研究具有重要意义；3. In the large field of view scanning system proposed by the present invention, the field of view scanned by the field of view scanning device is twice the moving distance of the linear translation platform, and does not involve any complicated mathematical operations, so the scanning efficiency is high; in addition, the field of view scanning device The working band is not limited, light in weight, easy to use, especially suitable for field scanning imaging of slit grating spectrometer; this is of great significance for large field of view three-dimensional spectral imaging and tomographic imaging research;
4、本发明提出的大视场扫描系统通过后期的图像融合和数据处理，即可得到三维光谱数据立方体，这对于太阳大气活动的研究具有重要意义，创新性和实用性明显。4. The large field of view scanning system proposed by the present invention can obtain a three-dimensional spectral data cube through later image fusion and data processing, which is of great significance to the study of solar atmospheric activities, and its innovation and practicability are obvious.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1绘示了本发明一实施例的大视场扫描系统各组件的关系图；Fig. 1 depicts a relationship diagram of components of a large field of view scanning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2绘示了本发明一实施例的大视场扫描系统的光学中继装置、视场扫描装置、狭缝部的关系图。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the relationship among the optical relay device, the field of view scanning device, and the slit of the large field of view scanning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is some embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the implementation manners in the present invention, all other implementation manners obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the implementation manners in the present invention, all other implementation manners obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. .
结合图1和图2，在一实施例中，本发明的大视场扫描系统，包括：太阳光学望远镜1、光学中继装置2、视场扫描装置3、光栅光谱仪、CCD相机7、计算机8和线性驱动机构9；视场扫描装置3包含第一平面镜3A和垂直于第一平面镜3A的第二平面镜3B；光栅光谱仪包含狭缝部4、准直镜5、光栅部6；线性驱动机构9用于驱动扫描装置3整体线性活动以调整第一平面镜2A和第二平面镜2B反射不同视场下的光束；太阳光学望远镜1用于采集太阳大气活动目标发出的光束，且太阳光学望远镜1采集的光束经光学中继装置2中继后，依次经由第一平面镜3A和第二平面镜3B反射后进入狭缝部4；进入狭缝部4的光束经由准直镜5准直后的光束入射至光栅部6进行色散分光；经光栅部6色散分光后的部分光束重新入射至准直镜5；CCD相机7用于采集重新入射至所述准直镜5的光束并将其转化为电信号至计算机8，计算机8用以根据电信号形成对应的光谱信息。1 and 2, in one embodiment, the large field of view scanning system of the present invention includes: a solar optical telescope 1, an optical relay device 2, a field of view scanning device 3, a grating spectrometer, a CCD camera 7, and a computer 8 And linear drive mechanism 9; Field of view scanning device 3 comprises first plane mirror 3A and the second plane mirror 3B perpendicular to first plane mirror 3A; Grating spectrometer comprises slit portion 4, collimator mirror 5, grating portion 6; Linear drive mechanism 9 It is used to drive the overall linear movement of the scanning device 3 to adjust the light beams reflected by the first plane mirror 2A and the second plane mirror 2B in different fields of view; After the light beam is relayed by the optical relay device 2, it is reflected by the first plane mirror 3A and the second plane mirror 3B in turn and enters the slit part 4; the light beam entering the slit part 4 is incident on the grating after being collimated by the collimator The part 6 performs dispersion and splitting; the part of the light beam after the dispersion and splitting by the grating part 6 re-enters the collimating mirror 5; the CCD camera 7 is used to collect the re-incident light beam to the collimating mirror 5 and convert it into an electrical signal to the computer 8. The computer 8 is used to form corresponding spectral information according to the electrical signal.
经由光栅部6色散分光后部的部分光束重新入射至准直镜5后会聚在光栅光谱仪系统的焦平面处进行成像。狭缝部4的狭缝的尺寸大小的选择与具体的系统参数有关，如太阳光学望远镜口径，有效焦距，光栅光谱仪的焦距及准直镜5的口径，对于一个具体的太阳光学望远镜和光栅光谱仪而言，狭缝部4的狭缝的尺寸具体值可以确定。为了匹配不同的太阳光学望远镜和光栅光谱仪，狭缝部4的狭缝的尺寸可变，通过调整狭缝部4的狭缝的尺寸可改变最终成像的光谱的分辩率。Part of the light beam after being dispersed and split by the grating part 6 re-enters the collimating mirror 5 and converges at the focal plane of the grating spectrometer system for imaging. The selection of the size of the slit of the slit portion 4 is related to specific system parameters, such as the aperture of the solar optical telescope, the effective focal length, the focal length of the grating spectrometer and the aperture of the collimating mirror 5, for a specific solar optical telescope and the grating spectrometer In other words, the specific value of the size of the slit of the slit portion 4 can be determined. In order to match different solar optical telescopes and grating spectrometers, the size of the slit of the slit part 4 is variable, and the resolution of the final imaging spectrum can be changed by adjusting the size of the slit of the slit part 4 .
光栅部6可对光束进行衍射形成多级光谱，用户可根据实际需要调整相应的波段的光束重新入射直准直镜5。准直镜5对重新入射的光束进行成像，且光谱成像的数据被CCD相机7采集并转化成电信号传送至计算机8进行处理，就得到了单个狭缝像所对应的光谱数据。进一步地，通过线性驱动机构9控制视场扫描装置2的第一平面镜2A和第二平面镜2B同步移动(以相同移动速度和朝向相同的方向)，使得不同视场的观测目标产生的光线分别依次进入狭缝式光栅光谱仪的狭缝部之中，进而计算机可得到了不同视场对应的狭缝像，各狭缝像包含相应光束的光谱信息。如此反复，最终在扫描完成后，计算机可形成多组光谱信息，该多组光谱信息为第一平面镜3A和第二平面镜3B连续移动时所反射的光束所对应的光谱信息。计算机可进一步把不同视场的狭缝像进行拼接以获得三维光谱数据立方体，从而实现了对太阳大气活动的目标进行光谱成像。The grating part 6 can diffract the light beam to form a multi-level spectrum, and the user can adjust the light beam of the corresponding wavelength band to re-enter the collimating mirror 5 according to actual needs. The collimating mirror 5 images the re-incident beam, and the spectral imaging data is collected by the CCD camera 7 and converted into electrical signals and sent to the computer 8 for processing, thus obtaining the spectral data corresponding to a single slit image. Further, the first plane mirror 2A and the second plane mirror 2B of the field of view scanning device 2 are controlled to move synchronously (at the same moving speed and in the same direction) through the linear drive mechanism 9, so that the light rays generated by the observation objects in different fields of view are sequentially Enter the slit part of the slit grating spectrometer, and then the computer can obtain the slit images corresponding to different fields of view, and each slit image contains the spectral information of the corresponding beam. By repeating this process, finally after the scanning is completed, the computer can generate multiple sets of spectral information corresponding to the beams reflected when the first plane mirror 3A and the second plane mirror 3B move continuously. The computer can further splice the slit images of different fields of view to obtain a three-dimensional spectral data cube, thus realizing the spectral imaging of the target of solar atmospheric activities.
结合图2，设视场扫描装置3完成对视场内的光束扫描时两平面镜向上平移的距离为X，图示中A、D、F、G分别表示为光束射入平面镜的接触位置。AB＝EF＝X，∠CBD＝∠CDB＝45°，∠GEF＝∠EGF＝45°，可得BC＝CD＝GF＝EF＝X。扫描视场大小Y与视场扫描装置3的线性移动距离X二者之间应满足公式一：Y＝2X。设光栅光谱仪的狭缝部的狭缝宽度为ws。根据采样定理，视场扫描装置3的扫描步长Δy与光栅光谱仪狭缝宽度ws须满足公式二：Δy≤0.5ws。在进行视场成像扫描时，视场扫描装置3的线性移动距离满足公式三：Δx≤0.25ws。In conjunction with FIG. 2 , it is assumed that the upward translation distance of the two plane mirrors is X when the field of view scanning device 3 finishes scanning the light beam in the field of view. AB=EF=X, ∠CBD=∠CDB=45°, ∠GEF=∠EGF=45°, BC=CD=GF=EF=X can be obtained. The relationship between the size of the scanning field of view Y and the linear movement distance X of the field of view scanning device 3 should satisfy formula one: Y=2X. Let the slit width of the slit portion of the grating spectrometer be w s . According to the sampling theorem, the scanning step length Δy of the field scanning device 3 and the slit width w s of the grating spectrometer must satisfy formula 2: Δy≤0.5w s . When performing field-of-view imaging scanning, the linear movement distance of the field-of-view scanning device 3 satisfies formula three: Δx≤0.25w s .
以扫描步长Δy，通过对太阳大气观测目标进行连续扫描，并把每一次扫描得到的结果进行图像拼接，就可获得观测目标的三维光谱数据立方体，既包含一维的光谱数据信息，同时得到了二维的空间信息，这对于太阳大气活动的观测具有重要意义。With the scanning step Δy, by continuously scanning the solar atmospheric observation target, and image stitching the results of each scan, the three-dimensional spectral data cube of the observation target can be obtained, which not only contains one-dimensional spectral data information, but also obtains The two-dimensional spatial information is obtained, which is of great significance for the observation of solar atmospheric activities.
光学中继系统2既可以是反射式光学元件，也可以是透射式光学元件，只要能满足光路中继的功能即可。The optical relay system 2 can be either a reflective optical element or a transmissive optical element, as long as it can satisfy the function of optical path relay.
视场扫描装置3的扫描视场的大小与镜子大小成正比，且镜子大小与根据实际观测视场的大小加以确定，只要能满足实际观测视场的需求即可。线性驱动机构9控制视场扫描装置3线性移动的速度与观测目标的快速演变程度有关，只要能满足实际观测目标的需求即可。视场扫描装置3两个平面镜既可以安装在同一个线性移动平台上由一个线性移动平台控制器9控制，也可以安装在两个独立的线性移动平台9上，并分别由两个线性移动平台控制器9控制，只要能满足以相同的线性速度且朝相同方向移动即可。The size of the scanning field of view of the field of view scanning device 3 is proportional to the size of the mirror, and the size of the mirror is determined according to the size of the actual observation field of view, as long as it can meet the requirements of the actual observation field of view. The speed at which the linear drive mechanism 9 controls the linear movement of the field of view scanning device 3 is related to the rapid evolution of the observation target, as long as it can meet the requirements of the actual observation target. The two plane mirrors of the field of view scanning device 3 can be installed on the same linear moving platform and controlled by a linear moving platform controller 9, or can be installed on two independent linear moving platforms 9, and controlled by two linear moving platforms respectively. The controller 9 controls, as long as it can move at the same linear speed and in the same direction.
狭缝部4的狭缝的延伸方向与所述光栅部6的光栅刻线的延伸方向平行。狭缝部4的狭缝须位于太阳光学望远镜的焦平面位置，且狭缝部4的狭缝需与光栅部6的刻线方向平行。狭缝部4的狭缝的尺寸可手工调整或电机调整。The extending direction of the slits of the slit portion 4 is parallel to the extending direction of the grating lines of the grating portion 6 . The slits of the slit portion 4 must be located at the focal plane of the solar optical telescope, and the slits of the slit portion 4 must be parallel to the direction of the scribe lines of the grating portion 6 . The size of the slit of the slit part 4 can be manually adjusted or adjusted by a motor.
光栅部6为透射式光栅或反射式光栅。CCD相机7系可满足对太阳表面局部区域进行成像的系统，其通常包括成像器件和光电探测器件。计算机8系可满足对太阳表面局部区域进行成像后的数据进行处理的系统，包括相应的数据采集器件。本发明光栅光谱仪既可以是Littrow系统，也可以是其它类型的成像系统。The grating unit 6 is a transmissive grating or a reflective grating. The CCD camera 7 is a system capable of imaging local areas of the sun's surface, which usually includes imaging devices and photodetection devices. The 8-series computer is a system capable of processing data after imaging local areas of the sun's surface, including corresponding data acquisition devices. The grating spectrometer of the present invention can be either a Littrow system or other types of imaging systems.
本发明提出的大视场扫描系统，其视场扫描装置采用双平面镜的视场扫描方式，简化了光学系统结构，降低了光学系统的装调要求，且没有空间摆放位置的严格限制。本发明提出的大视场扫描装系统，通过线性平移视场扫描装置的方式，能够实现对不同视场的观测目标进行光谱成像观测，这对于在不同高度上的太阳大气的热力学参数分布和太阳大气活动演化的研究具有重要意义。本发明提出的大视场扫描系统，其视场扫描装置扫描视场大小是线性平移平台移动距离的2倍，不涉及任何复杂的数学运算，因此扫描效率高；此外，视场扫描装置工作波段不受限制，重量轻，使用简单，特别适合于狭缝式光栅光谱仪的视场扫描成像；这对于大视场三维光谱成像和层析成像研究具有重要意义；本发明提出的大视场扫描系统通过后期的图像融合和数据处理，即可得到三维光谱数据立方体，这对于太阳大气活动的研究具有重要意义，创新性和实用性明显。In the large field of view scanning system proposed by the present invention, the field of view scanning device adopts the field of view scanning method of double plane mirrors, which simplifies the structure of the optical system, reduces the requirements for the installation and adjustment of the optical system, and has no strict restrictions on the space placement. The large field of view scanning device system proposed by the present invention can realize spectral imaging observation of observation targets in different fields of view by linearly shifting the field of view scanning device. The study of atmospheric activity evolution is of great significance. In the large field of view scanning system proposed by the present invention, the size of the field of view scanned by the field of view scanning device is twice the moving distance of the linear translation platform, and does not involve any complicated mathematical operations, so the scanning efficiency is high; in addition, the working band of the field of view scanning device Unrestricted, light in weight, easy to use, especially suitable for field scanning imaging of slit grating spectrometer; this is of great significance for large field of view three-dimensional spectral imaging and tomographic imaging research; the large field of view scanning system proposed by the present invention Through image fusion and data processing in the later stage, a three-dimensional spectral data cube can be obtained, which is of great significance to the study of solar atmospheric activities, and its innovation and practicability are obvious.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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